2018年高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第十讲 主谓一致和特殊句式

第十讲主谓一致和特殊句式

一主谓一致

一、主谓一致的基础“3原则”

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。

1．语法一致原则

主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。

◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.

我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。

2．就近一致原则

(1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。

◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。

(2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

◆There are three books and a pen on the desk.

桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。

3．意义一致原则

(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。

◆The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.

听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。

二、主谓一致的3种特殊情况

1．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

◆Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.

很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。

2．all，the rest，the remaining/part…＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。

◆The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.

讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。

3．“几分之几/百分之几＋of＋名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。

◆About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

◆Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.

昨天只做了60%的工作。

[典例] (2016·全国卷甲语法填空)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________(be) often acceptable.

is解析：句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故填is。

单句语法填空/单句改错

1．(2017·北京四校联考)Neither I nor Amy ____________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.

is解析：句意：如果我们忙的话，我和埃米就都不去参加商务会议了。neither…nor…连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。设空处的单复数形式应与Amy一致，根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。故填is。

2．(2017·湖南十三校联考)Our school along with many other brother middle schools ____________(be) to take another joint test next month.

is解析：句意：我们学校连同其他很多兄弟学校下个月还要有一次联考。当主语后有along with连接的成分时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，故应与Our school一致，所以谓语动词用单数。故填is。

3．(大纲全国卷)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.____________________

mean→means解析：此处mean所作的成分为谓语，而其主语是动名词understanding。当单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数，因此改mean为means。

4．(2016·浙江高考短文改错)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.____________________

was→were解析：句意：他会问我们是谁，并且假装不认识我们。ask后的宾语从句的主语是we，所以谓语动词用复数，而主句用了would ask，所以谓语动词用过去时，故改was为were。

5．(陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they looked like rain！____________________

was→were解析：此句主语arrows为复数形式，故谓语动词也要用相应的复数形式。

二特殊句式

1．部分倒装

(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。

◆We laugh at jokes，but seldom do we think about how they work. 我们听到笑话时会笑，但是却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们开怀大笑的。

◆(福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.

直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。

(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。

◆(湖南高考单项填空)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.

只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。

(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。

①“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。

◆—I’ve got an enormous amount of w ork to do.

——我有大量的作业要做。

—So have I.

——我也如此。