基础化学沉淀溶解平衡习题答案
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7 沉淀-溶解平衡习题解答(p180-182)
1. 解答:(1)解:AgI
(2)解:Mg(OH)2
2. 解答:(1) CaF 2 ⇌ Ca 2+ + 2F - s+0.0010 2s K sp =(s+0.0010)(2s)2≈4⨯0.0010s 2
(2) Ag 2CrO 4 ⇌ 2Ag + + CrO 42-
2s+0.010 s K θsp =(2s+0.010)2⋅s ≈0.0102⨯s
3. 解答: M 2X = 2M + + X 2- X 2-有酸效应:
4. 解答:(1) CaF 2 ⇌ Ca 2+ + 2F -
(2) BaSO 4 ⇌ Ba 2+ + SO 42-
(3) CuS ⇌ Cu 2+ + S 2-
)
L mol (104.1)L mol ()5.077.234104.1(11612
62
----⋅⨯=⋅⨯⨯==s K sp )
L m ol (102.1)L m ol ()32.581105.8(44)2(11113
33
2
----⋅⨯=⋅⨯⨯⨯==⋅=s s s K sp 1
5111
L mol 102.8L mol 0010.04107.20.00104----⋅⨯=⋅⨯⨯=
⨯=
θsp
K s 1
82
12
2L mol 100.2010.0100.2010.0---⋅⨯=⨯==θ
sp
K s 19
2
12
2X(H)100.1Ka Ka ][H Ka ][H 1⨯=++=++α)
L (mol 100.14100.1100.44)2(1103
19
493
X(H)
sp X(H)
sp 'sp 2---⋅⨯=⨯⨯⨯=⋅=
⋅==⋅ααθθ
θK s K K s s )
L (mol 102.14)10(107.24
)2(1010
8.6101][1133
2
2.1113
2
)
(2
)
(22
.14
2
)
(-----+⋅⨯=⨯⨯=
⋅=
⋅=⋅=⨯+=+=H F sp H F sp a H F K s K s s K H αααθθ)
L (mol 104.110101.11010
2.10
.21][1142.210)()
(22
.22
)
(24
24
224----+⋅⨯=⨯⨯=⋅=⋅==⨯+=+=---
H SO sp H SO sp a H SO
K s K s K H αααθθ
)
L (mol 102.21010610][][1189.1936)()
(29
.192
)
(222
122---++⋅⨯=⨯⨯=⋅=⋅==++=---
H S sp H S sp a a a H S
K s K s K K H K H αααθθ
5. 解答:(1) AgBr ⇌ Ag + + Br -
3
28.0
Ag(NH )13233-1
1[NH ]+[NH ]=107.110mol L
s αββ-=+==⨯•
(2) BiI 3 ⇌ Bi 3+ + 3I -
-3-4-513.8
Bi(I)3453sp Bi(I)
1
1[I ]+[I ]+[I ]=10s(3s+0.10):s 0.017mol L K θαβββα-=+=⨯=•用逼近法求得
(3) BaSO 4 ⇌ Ba 2+ + SO 42-
由于K BaY 较大且BaSO 4的K sp 较大,所以Ba 2+消耗的EDTA 不能忽略 c Y =[Y]-[BaY]=0.010-s
6. 既考虑配位效应,又考虑酸效应
1510][,5914,9---⋅==-=∴=L mol OH pOH pH -++⋅OH NH O H NH 423
5234θb
101.75O]
H [NH ][OH ][NH --+⨯=⋅⋅=K
52323θb
101.75O]
H [NH ][OH O]}H [NH {2.8--⨯=⋅⋅⋅-=K
1θ
b
23L 1.02mol ][OH ]
[OH 2.8O]H [NH ---⋅=+⋅=⋅⇒K 3
13
82
9139θa2
θ
a22θ
a2
(H)
S
7.4
27.43.42
3
231)(NH Ag 107.880.977692.31101.3109.5)10(1101.31011][H ]
[H 1101.02101.02101][NH ][NH 123
⨯=++=⨯⋅⨯⨯+
⨯⨯+=⋅++
==⋅+⋅+=⨯+⨯+=-----++-
+
K K K
αββα
(H)
S 2
)(NH Ag 2θsp (H)
S 2
)
(NH Ag 22(H)
S 22)(NH Ag 2
22θsp 23
2323
S}{Ag ][S ][Ag ][S }]{[Ag '
)'(2]'[S ]'[Ag '-+-+-+⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅=⋅=⋅=-
+-+-+ααK αα
ααs s K
1
475256.556
.310)
(256.556.33
.286.7)(3
.2)
(L mol 1013.60
104104)
1010(101.1101010
010.0101][110010.0-----⋅⨯==⨯-⨯+-⨯⨯=⋅=-=-⨯
+=+=-=
s s s s K s s s
Y K s c Y Ba sp BaY Y Ba H Y Y
αααθ