英美文化概论3 which English

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英美文化Unit 3

英美文化教程Unit 3Chapter 3. Which English?I . Focal Pointsthe roots of the English languageOld EnglishMiddle Englishdifferences between Old English and Middle Englishdifferences between Middle English and Modern EnglishModern EnglishShakespeare' s EnglishBBC EnglishStandard Englishchanges in the English languageThe King' s English and the advice given in the bookII. Questions and Answers on the Text1. Why did the Celtic people leave little that could later be incorporated into English?They left little that could later be incorporated into English because these people had no written language.2.Where can we find relics of Celtic?We can find relics of Celtic in place names.3.What are the Celtic languages that survive in Britain today?The Celtic languages that survive today are Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.4 What is meant by lingua franca? Give one example of lingua franca ever used in British history.Lingua franca is any language widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages. One example is Latin, which became the lingua franca of Britain after the Romans, invaded Britain in 55 BC.5.When did the English alphabet appear? What scripts was it adapted from?The English alphabet appeared sometime between AD 500 and 700. It was adapted from Roman scripts.6. When did the history of the English language really begin? What happened then? The history of English really began around AD 450 when the Angles, Saxons and Jutes - tribes from north-west Germany and Denmark-invaded England in succession.7. How did the four dialects of Old English emerge?After the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes had taken control of Britain and settled, the four main dialects of Old English emerged from the Germanic dialects.8. What is the ancestor of the modern English language?The ancestor of the modern English language is Old English of Anglo-Saxon.9. What scripts did writers of the Old English period use?Writers of the Old English period used both Latin and Germanic scripts.10. How did the Scandinavian influence enter Old English?The Scandinavian influence entered Old English by way of the Vikings from Scandinavia.11. How large was the vocabulary of Old English by the end of its period?By the end of its period, Old English contained a vocabulary of 30,000 words.12. Name one best-known Old English writer and his works.One of the best-known Old English writers was the Venerable Bede (673--735). His Ecclesiastical History of the English People is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon English.13. What became the official language of England after the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror? What language did the common people speak?After the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror, Norman French became the official language of England. The common people, however, continued to speak their Anglo-Saxon language.14. In English, why do many words connected with administration come from Norman French?Many English words connected with administration come from French because after the Norman invasion Norman French became the official language of England, and the most important positions were given to Normans, who organized government and public affairs.15. What is known as Middle English?The blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French which developed in the three centuries after the Norman Conquest is known as Middle English.16. When did Middle English begin?Middle English began in 1066.17. Why did the literature of England become trilingual in the three centuries following 1066?The literature of England became trilingual because the literature was written in Middle English, which is a blend of French, English and Latin.18. In Middle English, what is meant by the Romance words, and what is meant by the Germanic words?Romance words were the Latin and French words; Germanic words were the English and Scandinavian words.19. Who was the most important writer who used Middle English?The most important writer who used Middle English was Geoffrey Chaucer.20. What is the basic difference between Old English and Middle English?The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.21. In what aspects did the changes from Middle English to Modern English take place?The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.22. When did the spellings and written forms of English begin to become standardized?The spellings and written forms of English began to become standardized at the end of the fifteenth century, with the invention of the printing press (1476).23. When did Modern English start?Modern English started from about AD 1500.24. What does BBC stand for? When was it founded? What was its motto?BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. It was founded in 1927. Its motto was Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. It meant that the English in which the voice of peace was broadcast over the radio should be universally understood.25. Whose particular style of speech is usually recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation English?The Particular style of speech of the BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English or RP English.26. Whom do the speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent?The speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent the educated southern upper class.27. Why has the English language had a very strong association with class and social status?This began from the Norman times when the upper classes spoke a completely different language from the common people.28. What difference have modern ideas of social equality made to language use in Britain?With the ideas of social equality, hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.29. What was the attitude towards language use in Britain by the second half of the 1960s? What was the characteristic of the fashionable speech of the day?By the second half of the 1960s, it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class rather a defiant expression of classlessness.30. What is the greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times?The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American accents, idioms and vocabulary exported all over the globe by US films.31. What was the characteristic of the fashion of speech in the 1970’s in Britain?In the 1970s, fashion favoured careless enunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and "in" words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world.32. Who were the authors of The King' s English?The authors of The King' s English were the Fowler brothers.33. What is the approximate proportion of Germanic vocabulary and Romance vocabulary in current English vocabulary?Current English V ocabulary is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (Latin and French).IV. Explanations:1. Old English(1) Also called Anglo-Saxon, it is the first period of the English language from the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in AD450 to the Norman Conquest in 1066.(2) Old English used both Latin and Germanic scripts. (3) Old English is the ancestor of Modern English. It is quite different from today's English.2. the Venerable Bede(1) The Venerable Bede (673--735) was one of the best. known Old English scholar-monks. (2) He wrote the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon England.3. Middle English(1) Middle English is the name given to the English language in use from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the introduction of the printing press in England in 1476. (2) Middle English is the blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French. (3) The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.4. Geoffrey Chaucer(1) Geoffrey Chaucer (1345--1400) was the most important Middle English poet. (2) His masterpiece was The Canterbury Tales.5. Modern English(1) Modern English is the English language since 1476. (2) With the introduction of the printing press in 1476, spellings and written forms of the English language began to become standardized. (3) The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.6. the BBC(1) It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. (2) Its motto is Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. (3) The motto means that the voice of peace spoken over the radio should be universally understood. (4) The speech patterns of BBC annoumers represent the educated southern upper class, and their particular style of speech is recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English.7. Standard English(1) The form of English as written and spoken by educated speakers of the language. (2) The style of speech of BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English. (3) Standard English is also the most appropriate variety of English for a foreigner learning English to copy.8. The King' s English(1) The famous book written by the Fowler brothers in 1906. (2) The best advice to all those who wish to become proficient in English was given in this book. (3) The best advice is to try to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous and lucid. (4)This general principle may be translated into practical rules in the domain of vocabulary as follows: Prefer the familiar words to the far-fetched.Prefer the concrete word to the abstract.Prefer the single word to the circumlocation.Prefer the short word to the long.Prefer the Saxon word to the Romance.。

英美文化Unit3（学习资料）

英美文化教程Unit 3Chapter 3. Which English?I . Focal Pointsthe roots of the English languageOld EnglishMiddle Englishdifferences between Old English and Middle Englishdifferences between Middle English and Modern EnglishModern EnglishShakespeare' s EnglishBBC EnglishStandard Englishchanges in the English languageThe King' s English and the advice given in the bookII. Questions and Answers on the T ext1. Why did the Celtic people leave little that could later be incorporated into English?They left little that could later be incorporated into English because these people had no written language.2.Where can we find relics of Celtic?We can find relics of Celtic in place names.3.What are the Celtic languages that survive in Britain today?The Celtic languages that survive today are Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.4 What is meant by lingua franca? Give one example of lingua franca ever used in British history.Lingua franca is any language widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages. One example is Latin, which became the lingua franca of Britain after the Romans, invaded Britain in 55 BC.5.When did the English alphabet appear? What scripts was it adapted from?The English alphabet appeared sometime between AD 500 and 700. It was adapted from Roman scripts.6. When did the history of the English language really begin? What happened then? The history of English really began around AD 450 when the Angles, Saxons and Jutes - tribes from north-west Germany and Denmark-invaded England in succession.7. How did the four dialects of Old English emerge?After the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes had taken control of Britain and settled, the four main dialects of Old English emerged from the Germanic dialects.8. What is the ancestor of the modern English language?The ancestor of the modern English language is Old English of Anglo-Saxon.9. What scripts did writers of the Old English period use?Writers of the Old English period used both Latin and Germanic scripts.10. How did the Scandinavian influence enter Old English?The Scandinavian influence entered Old English by way of the Vikings from Scandinavia.11. How large was the vocabulary of Old English by the end of its period?By the end of its period, Old English contained a vocabulary of 30,000 words.12. Name one best-known Old English writer and his works.One of the best-known Old English writers was the V enerable Bede (673--735). His Ecclesiastical History of the English People is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon English.13. What became the official language of England after the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror? What language did the common people speak?After the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror, Norman French became the official language of England. The common people, however, continued to speak their Anglo-Saxon language.14. In English, why do many words connected with administration come from Norman French?Many English words connected with administration come from French because after the Norman invasion Norman French became the official language of England, and the most important positions were given to Normans, who organized government and public affairs.15. What is known as Middle English?The blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French which developed in the three centuries after the Norman Conquest is known as Middle English.16. When did Middle English begin?Middle English began in 1066.17. Why did the literature of England become trilingual in the three centuries following 1066?The literature of England became trilingual because the literature was written in Middle English, which is a blend of French, English and Latin.18. In Middle English, what is meant by the Romance words, and what is meant by the Germanic words?Romance words were the Latin and French words; Germanic words were the English and Scandinavian words.19. Who was the most important writer who used Middle English?The most important writer who used Middle English was Geoffrey Chaucer.20. What is the basic difference between Old English and Middle English?The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.21. In what aspects did the changes from Middle English to Modern English take place?The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.22. When did the spellings and written forms of English begin to become standardized?The spellings and written forms of English began to become standardized at the end of the fifteenth century, with the invention of the printing press (1476).23. When did Modern English start?Modern English started from about AD 1500.24. What does BBC stand for? When was it founded? What was its motto?BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. It was founded in 1927. Its motto was Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. It meant that the English in which the voice of peace was broadcast over the radio should be universally understood.25. Whose particular style of speech is usually recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation English?The Particular style of speech of the BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English or RP English.26. Whom do the speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent?The speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent the educated southern upper class.27. Why has the English language had a very strong association with class and social status?This began from the Norman times when the upper classes spoke a completely different language from the common people.28. What difference have modern ideas of social equality made to language use in Britain?With the ideas of social equality, hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.29. What was the attitude towards language use in Britain by the second half of the 1960s? What was the characteristic of the fashionable speech of the day?By the second half of the 1960s, it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class rather a defiant expression of classlessness.30. What is the greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times?The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American accents, idioms and vocabulary exported all over the globe by US films.31. What was the characteristic of the fashion of speech in the 1970’s in Britain?In the 1970s, fashion favoured careless enunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and "in" words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world.32. Who were the authors of The King' s English?The authors of The King' s English were the Fowler brothers.33. What is the approximate proportion of Germanic vocabulary and Romance vocabulary in current English vocabulary?Current English V ocabulary is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (Latin and French).IV. Explanations:1. Old English(1) Also called Anglo-Saxon, it is the first period of the English language from the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in AD450 to the Norman Conquest in 1066.(2) Old English used both Latin and Germanic scripts. (3) Old English is the ancestor of Modern English. It is quite different from today's English.2. the V enerable Bede(1) The V enerable Bede (673--735) was one of the best. known Old English scholar-monks. (2) He wrote the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon England.3. Middle English(1) Middle English is the name given to the English language in use from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the introduction of the printing press in England in 1476. (2) Middle English is the blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French. (3) The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.4. Geoffrey Chaucer(1) Geoffrey Chaucer (1345--1400) was the most important Middle English poet. (2) His masterpiece was The Canterbury Tales.5. Modern English(1) Modern English is the English language since 1476. (2) With the introduction of the printing press in 1476, spellings and written forms of the English language began to become standardized. (3) The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.6. the BBC(1) It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. (2) Its motto is Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. (3) The motto means that the voice of peace spoken over the radio should be universally understood. (4) The speech patterns of BBC annoumers represent the educated southern upper class, and their particular style of speech is recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English.7. Standard English(1) The form of English as written and spoken by educated speakers of the language. (2) The style of speech of BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English. (3) Standard English is also the most appropriate variety of English for a foreigner learning English to copy.8. The King' s English(1) The famous book written by the Fowler brothers in 1906. (2) The best advice to all those who wish to become proficient in English was given in this book. (3) The best advice is to try to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous and lucid. (4)This general principle may be translated into practical rules in the domain of vocabulary as follows: Prefer the familiar words to the far-fetched.Prefer the concrete word to the abstract.Prefer the single word to the circumlocation.Prefer the short word to the long.Prefer the Saxon word to the Romance.。

英美概况第三章 Chapter 3 ppt

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2. New words

ecclesiastical: adj. of or relating to a
church, especially as an organized
institution. 基督教的;(与)教会(有关)的

suffrage: n. The right or privilege of
3. Brief Introduction
3.1 The House of Lords Key points The House of Lords debates legislation, and has some power to amend or reject bills The house of Lords is the highest court in the United Kingdom hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. The procedures of the Lords are more informal than those of the Commons, and their role in saving the Commons a great amount of time is widely recognized.
3. Brief Introduction
2.1 The Origin of the Monarchy
Key points Restored in 1660; Charles I’s son enthroned Formally established through Glorious Revolution in 1688; limited constitutional monarchy

英美文化 (英国部分答案)

(判断题)Chapter 11. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T)3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T)2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4. Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success i n dealing with all the British economic and social problems.(F)5. The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservative Party.(T)6. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economic policy.(T)7. Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8. Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51. The British government has been responsible for education since the early1800s.(F)2. Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and15.(F)3. The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and theindependent system.(F)4. When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a nationalGCSE examination.(T)5. Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enterfamous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6. The Times is the world’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7. The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)(选择题)Chapter 11. The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. NorthernIreland4. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD.pronunciation8. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 21. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4. is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 41. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37. The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industryChapter 51. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools wereended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.Over of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needA. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime(简答题)Chapter 11. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottishscenery, to drink the scotchwhisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 21. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in alm ost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.2. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.3. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 31. What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functionsare : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the governmentpolicy.2. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’sconstitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.3. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 41. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment .in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.Chapter 51. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom? Britishuniversities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.。

《英美文化概论》课程教学大纲

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5.2英国和美国的工业概况
两国工业各自的特点
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5.3英国和美国的农业概括
两国农业各自的特点
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5.4英国和美国的经济贸易
两国经济贸易各自的特点；
结合中美贸易战，指出美方的霸权主义
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第1章
第1章英美两国的地形特点概述
本章重点难点：英国和美国的地形特点；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性
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讲授
4
网络平台作业
2
1.1
1.1英国和美国的地理位置
英国和美国的地理位置、地理方面重要特征
This is a selective course for the application and further improvement of college English. By introducing the geography, history, society, culture, politics and other aspects of the United States and the United Kingdom, it elaborates the formation and development process of the cultural traditions and core values of the United States and the United Kingdom. It is helpful for learners to understand the way of thinking, values and lifestyles of the UK and the US. This course could equip students with certain ability to comprehend the social and cultural phenomena in UK and the US. Besides, students' language skill and cultural sensitivity when interacting with the British and the Americans would also be enhanced.

武汉理工大学英美文化英国概况Unit3

英美文化与国家概况British and American Studies ( British Part )Unit Three大学英语第一教研室余非编2013年2月Unit 3 Politics and LawContents:1.Political Parties2.Elections3.Justice and Law Courts4.Legal Profession1.Political Parties✧In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known asparty politics.✧There are two major political parties that contest the majority of seats of Parliament in thegeneral election.✧Britain normally holds a general election every five years for British people to elect Membersof Parliament.✧British voters regard the transfer of political powers from one party to another as an effectiveway of making the government more responsive to their demands.✧Under the British law, people are free to set up political parties, and a number of politicalparties exist in the United Kingdom. The law grants equal treatment to all political parties.✧However, only two of them are most important and they are known as the major parties.✧Consequently, politics in Britain is based on a two-party system instead of multi-partysystem.✧The two major parties are respectively called the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.British Parliament is always dominated by one or the other of these two major parties.✧Small parties, usually called minor parties, cannot win the majority seats of Parliament andhave no chance to control the government.✧The history of political parties in Britain can be traced back to the late 17th century when twopolitical parties, the Whigs and the Tories, were founded.The Whigs (辉格党):1. The name Whig is derived from a derogatory term first applied to Scottish rebels.2.Towards the middle of the 19th century, the Whigs adopted a new name, the liberal Party.3.After the First World War, the Liberal Party disintegrated and some of its members laterjoined the Labor Party, which was founded in 1900. Its supporters are mainly from trade unions, liberals, socialists, and progressive intellectuals.4.The basic doctrine of the Labor Party was based on socialism, but its goal was to promotenational and individual growth, not the uprising of one class by overthrowing another one. 5.Many of the Labor leaders are from the working class families, but the party is not arepresentative of the working class in its real sense. It represents the interests of confusing class elements.6.According to statistics from general elections, about 20% of upper-middle class, half of themiddle class, and 60% of the manual workers vote for the Labor Party. It is for this reason that the Labor Party is said to represent the relatively poor or the lower class.The Tories（托利党）:1.Those who opposed the doctrine of the Whigs were called the “ Tories ”. The name Tory,derived from an old Irish word meaning runaway or fugitive.2.In the mid-19 century, the Tory Party decided to adopt the new name --- The ConservativeParty--- because of the changed situation in Britain. Tory is still often used as a synonym for Conservative.3.The main support of the Conservative Party comes from the middle and upper-middle classes,which are believed to be more conservative.4.The average educational level of the Conservatives is usually higher than that of otherpolitical parties. It can be said that the higher one goes up in social and economic class, the more likely he is to vote for the Conservatives.5.That is why some people label the Conserv atives as a party of “the rich”.2.Elections✧Members of Parliament are elected in nationwide general elections. The goal of the twomajor parties is to gain the majority of the seats in the House of Commons so as to form itsgovernment.✧There are 659 seats in the House of Commons, representing the whole nation.✧To distribute the seats fairly, the United Kingdom is divided into 659 electoral districts, alsoknown as constituencies, of equal population. Each constituency is to elect one Member of Parliament.✧Every man and woman aged 18 or over has the right to vote. Each voter can vote for only onecandidate.✧Both parties have their local organizations that choose candidates of their party and help themwith the election campaign. A candidate without party affiliation is known as an independent candidate. Active supporters of the candidates use all kind of methods in the campaign. The most interesting method is “ canvassing ”.✧For the purpose of soliciting votes by canvassing, activists go from house to house and oftenrides in cars to the voting place.✧The general election is held on the same day all over the country, but voting is notcompulsory. The voter takes his ballot paper to a booth where he marks the name he intends to vote for and puts it into a large box.✧At the end of the time for voting, all the boxes containing marked ballot papers are sent to acentral point in the constituency.✧The candidate who gets most votes wins the election. As soon as the results of the generalelection are published, everyone knows which party will govern Britain for the next few years.✧If the Government (the party in power) wins the majority of the seats in Parliament, there isno need to make changes.✧If it fails to win the majority, the Prime Minister concedes his pa rty’s defeat and resigns atonce. The Queen then appoints the leader of the new majority party Prime Minister and empowers him to organize a new government for the five years.✧The former government would become the Opposition Party and form it “ shadow cabinet ”.3.Justice and Law Courts✧Britain is a modern democracy based on the rule of law, but it dose not have a singledocument that can be called the written constitution because British values stress adherence to tradition.✧Generally speaking, the English law comprises three elements :1) Act of Parliament （议会法案）2) Common law （习惯法；判例法）3) The European Union law. （欧盟法）✧There are also various local laws known as by-laws made by local governments; however,since local are not allowed to contradict national laws, they cannot be regarded as a separate element.✧Britain has a long judicial history. Its legal system has been emulated throughout the worldand some of its key principles are reflected in the laws of other countries.✧The most important principles derived from British law include due process of law and thewrit of habeas corpus.✧Due process of law is a legal principle that has been adopted by almost all the moderncountries to protect individual rights. It was used for the first time in the Great Charter., also known as the Magna Carter that was signed by King John in 1215.Note :英国是一个没有成文宪法的国家。

英美文化概论尔雅满分答案

3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案：D2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×英美文化概论1.1Western Names1 In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )A、Family nameB、Last nameC、SurnameD、First name正确答案：D2 Bill is the short version of ( ).A、WilliamB、StevenC、RobertD、Richard正确答案：A3 There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案：×1.2What is Culture1 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案：C2 Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )A、Chinese foodB、Spring FestivelC、Chinese medicineD、Football正确答案：D3 Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案：×2.1Topography of the USA1 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.A、ColoradoB、IndianaC、AlabamaD、Alaska正确答案：D2 Which is the largest states by population?( )A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案：C3 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案：×2.2Three Icons of America1 Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )A、Because it is the first national park in the world.B、Because it is in America.C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案：A2 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )A、MadisonB、RooseveltC、KennedyD、Adams正确答案：B3 Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案：D2.3Comparison of the USA and China (1)1 In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America. A、3 timesB、4 timesC、5 timesD、6 times正确答案：B2 Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )A、China has more railways than America.B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案：A3 The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).A、DomesticB、IndustryC、LivestockD、Agriculture正确答案：D4 Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )A、Air pollutionB、Water shortageC、Loss of agricultural landD、desertification正确答案：C5 America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案：×2.4Comparison of the USA and China (2)1 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).A、White, Hispanic and BlackB、White, Black and HispanicC、White, Black and AsianD、White, Asian and Black正确答案：A2 All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.A、the UKB、B、the USAC、C、FranceD、D、Japan正确答案：B3 1 kilogram is ( ) pounds.A、0.6B、1.7C、2.1D、2.2正确答案：D4 Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案：×3.1Overview1 Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )A、ChinaB、JapanC、South KoreaD、Germany正确答案：A2 Which one of following is not an American company?( )A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、Facebook正确答案：D3 Per capita means a person.( )正确答案：√3.2Comparison of USA and China1 Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )A、Most of American labour force are in services.B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案：A2 The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.A、CanadaB、MexicoC、JapanD、South Korea正确答案：C3 ( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China. A、Water B、Nuclear C、Wind D、Coal正确答案：D4 Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( ) 正确答案：×5 Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案：√3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×完整版答案请打开微信扫一扫下方二维码，关注公众号帮帮ING并回复英美文化本公众号提供210门尔雅视频课选修课答案和高等数学同济第七版答案等大学350门课后答案。

英美文化基础教程

英美文化基础教程作者：朱永涛出版社：外语教学与研究出版社类别：不限英美文化基础教程的简介本书是为成为自学考试英语专业应试者, 全书分英国文化和美国文化两大部分,美国部分十一章,地理环境,政府制度,文学,风俗习惯,家庭生活,新闻媒介,种族关系及社会问题等,并通过用英语学习文化知识提高外语水平,编者在选材时注意了下列两个方面:1,尽量选用内容丰富,书本出处：英美文化基础教程的PDF电子书下载英美文化基础教程的内容预览Part OneBritish Calture1.Who Are the British?2.English History3.Which English?4.British Government System5.Industry，Agriculture and Business6.English Literature7.Religion and Beliefs8.Character and cation10.The Welfare State11.The Press，Radio and Television12.The Commonwealth Part TwoAmerican Culture1.Atlantic to Pacific2.American History3.The Forms of Government4.American Literature5.Religion6.The American Character7.American Education8.American Family Life9.Thanksgiving and Christmas10.Race and Ethnic Relations11.Social Problems in the United States更多PDF电子书下载！。

英美文化概论期末考试答案

英美文化概论期末考试答案一、单选题（题数：50，共50.0 分）1The capital city of Australia is ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、SydneyB、CanberraC、MelbourneD、Brisbane正确答案：B 我的答案：B2Which is not the reason why American people like guns.( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、Personal protectionB、HuntingC、Collecting guns to sell for a high priceD、Target shooting正确答案：C 我的答案：C3Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.（1.0分）1.0 分A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A 我的答案：A4When is the Independent Day of America?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、3rd JuneB、4th JuneC、3rd JulyD、4th July正确答案：D 我的答案：D5The American Bill of Rights was effective in ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、1787B、1786C、1791D、1792正确答案：C 我的答案：C6Voting can not be ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、In personB、AbsenteeC、Making a phone callD、By mail正确答案：C 我的答案：C7Which one is right about George Washington?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、He was graduated from college.B、He had three children.C、He had no experience in military action.D、He was revered as the "Father of the United States".正确答案：D 我的答案：D8Which one is wrong about the American political system?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、The government is small.B、Leaders are educated.C、There are many traditions.D、The society is classless.正确答案：C 我的答案：C9Which one is wrong about John D. Rockefeller?( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、He established his first oil refinery when he was 24.B、At first, he worked as a bookkeeper.C、When he was 20, he started his own company.D、He donated all his money to the Rockefeller Foundation.正确答案：D 我的答案：D10In total, there are ( ) Chinese won the Nobel Prize.（1.0分）1.0 分A、5B、6C、7D、8正确答案：C 我的答案：C11Christopher Columbus was the first person to cross the ( ) Ocean.（1.0分）1.0 分A、PacificB、IndianC、ArcticD、Atlantic正确答案：D 我的答案：D12In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.（1.0分）1.0 分A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A 我的答案：A13Which was wrong about the Civil War?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、America was kept as one country.B、Slavery was abolished.C、After the Battle of Gettysburg, the North started to win.D、The South was strong in "hard power".正确答案：D 我的答案：D14The leader of catholic church is called ( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、PriestB、PastorC、DiscipleD、Pope正确答案：D 我的答案：D15Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society.（1.0分）1.0 分A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案：C 我的答案：C16According to the 2013 statistics, which one of the following is wrong?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、The smallest part in the economic structure of developed countries is agriculture.B、The biggest part of GDP composition in America is Services.C、In 2013, GDP growth rate in America is higher than that in China.D、In 2013, America's inflation rate is lower than China's.正确答案：C 我的答案：C17The war with Mexico was started in ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、1846B、1847C、1848D、1849正确答案：A 我的答案：A18The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C 我的答案：C19In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years.（1.0分）1.0 分A、70B、72C、75D、79正确答案：C 我的答案：C20Which one of following is not an American company?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、FacebookD、Airbus正确答案：D 我的答案：D21John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and ( ) wrote The Declaration of Independence.（1.0分）1.0 分A、Benjamin FranklinB、Abraham LincolnC、George WashingtonD、Paul Revere正确答案：A 我的答案：A22In ( ), the first humans walked on the moon.（1.0分）1.0 分A、1967B、1968C、1969D、1970正确答案：C 我的答案：C23When was Harvard University established?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、1560B、1620C、1636D、1639正确答案：C 我的答案：C24Which one is wrong about housing in western countries?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、Apartment is preferred by young and old people.B、Couples get mortgage from bank to buy a house or an apartment.C、Real estate is cheap in Australia.D、More people live in houses than in high buildings.正确答案：C 我的答案：C25The new Constitution was singed in ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、1787B、1786C、1785D、1784正确答案：A 我的答案：A26The war of Independence was between ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、America and FranceB、America and HollandC、America and SpainD、America and Britain正确答案：D 我的答案：D27The Legislative Branch is to ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、Interpret lawsB、Execute lawsC、Change lawsD、Make laws正确答案：D 我的答案：D28The biggest religion by followers is ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、IslamB、HinduismC、ChristianityD、Buddhism正确答案：C 我的答案：C29Which car company has the most market in America?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、GMB、FordC、ToyotaD、Honda正确答案：A 我的答案：A30How many commandments does Christianity have?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、15B、13C、10D、8正确答案：C 我的答案：C31The Cold War began in ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、1945B、1946C、1947D、1948正确答案：D 我的答案：D32Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.（1.0分）1.0 分A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案：D 我的答案：D33The most popular pets in America is ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、DogB、FishC、BirdD、Cat正确答案：D 我的答案：D34Which one is wrong about 9/11?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、About 3000 people were killed.B、It happened in 2002.C、The World Trade Centre and Pentagon were attacked.D、It was the first attack on mainland USA since 1812.正确答案：B 我的答案：B35Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D 我的答案：D36About ( ) of Christians belong to Catholics.（1.0分）1.0 分A、45%B、50%C、55%D、60%正确答案：C 我的答案：C37The symbol of The Democratic Party is ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、EagleB、ElephantC、DonkeyD、Horse正确答案：C 我的答案：C38The Super Bowl is usually held ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、AT the end of JanuaryB、In MarchC、In MayD、In November正确答案：A 我的答案：A39Which is the largest states by population?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案：C 我的答案：C40President Obama is the ( ) president of America.（1.0分）1.0 分A、44thB、45thC、46thD、47th正确答案：A 我的答案：A41According to the 2008 ARIS, ( ) of American follow Christianity.（1.0分）1.0 分A、76%B、70%C、51%D、40%正确答案：A 我的答案：A42President Nixon visited China in ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、1971B、1972C、1973D、1974正确答案：B 我的答案：B43Registering to vote costs ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、＄5B、＄10C、＄20D、No cost正确答案：D 我的答案：D44The Democratic Party is also called ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、Enlightened PartyB、Judicial PartyC、Conservative PartyD、Liberal Party正确答案：D 我的答案：D45Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案：D 我的答案：D46All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.（1.0分）1.0 分A、the UKB、the USAC、FranceD、Japan正确答案：B 我的答案：B47Kobe Bryant's nick name is ( ).（1.0分）1.0 分A、TigerB、Flying fishC、Black MambaD、Shark正确答案：C 我的答案：C48Which one of following statement is wrong?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、In western countries, drivers can speak on the mobile phone while driving.B、In western countries, when pedestrians are walking on zebra crossing, cars must stop.C、In western countries, you should chew with mouth closed.D、In western countries, before taking more food, you should finish what you have in your mouth.正确答案：A 我的答案：A49Which document was not signed by Benjamin Franklin?( )（1.0分）1.0 分A、The Declaration of IndependenceB、Treaty with FranceC、Peace TreatyD、Article of Confederation正确答案：D 我的答案：D50There are ( ) Congressional Districts in the House of Representatives.（1.0分）1.0 分A、200B、231C、435D、521正确答案：C 我的答案：C二、判断题（题数：50，共50.0 分）1Over the lasr few years, guns are becoming more and more popular in America.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×2Originally, the Christians were called Catholics.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√3In western countries, eye contact is important.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√4British people migrated to America with the ship called Mayflower in 1620.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√5In 2013, the Seattle Seahawks was the best defensive team during the season.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√6In 2012 presidential election, Mitt Romney is from Republican Party.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√7The poverty lines in America and China are the same.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×8Bargaining is common in western countries.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×9The American Consitituion is only 4 pages.( )（1.0分）1.0 分10A senator and a representative can only be elected for two times.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×11People in western countries all love guns.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×12Most island of Australia is dessert.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√13New York Stock Exchange is the world's second largest stock exchange.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×14Before America purchased it,Alaska was belong to Mexico.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×15In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×16Christopher Columbus did 5 voyages between 1492 and 1503.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×17Senators are elected for 5 year.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×18Women never won the Nobel Prize.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×19In the Civil War, the North lost more people than the South.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√20The total area of China is bigger than America.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×21Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×222014 AD means 2014 Before the Birth of Jesus Christ.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×23It's expensive to have a horse.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√24The Communist Party in the USA is not legal.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×25The aim to build the Panama Canal was to connect America and Panama.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×26In history, there were 5 American presidents were killed.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×27In America, it's hard to enter college, but easy to graduate.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×28The Great Depression only happened in America.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×29Many western students go on a gap year after finishing high school.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√30Thomas Paine was born in France.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×31The Cold War continued for only a few years.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×32Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )（1.0分）1.0 分33The largest city in Alaska is Anchorage, which is also the capital city.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×34Only the north tower of the World Trade Centre was attacked.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×35There is only one given name in western name.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×36In America, government wants to involve in religion, but the religious people reject them.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×37Agnostic is 100% certain that there is no god.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×38The violent crime rate delines when the incarceration rate increases.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√39Per capita means a person.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√40The Pew Global Attitudes Project shows that rich countries have stronger belief in religion, but the poor countries have lower belief in religion.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×41American president can be elected for 3 terms.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×4296% of the farmers are black people.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×43Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×44During the War of Independence, Benedict Arnold sold military secrets to France.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×45Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×46Because many West Germans fled to the East, the West Germany government built the Berlin Wall.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×47Modern weapons were used in the Civil War.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√48China was not affected much by the GFC Recession.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：√我的答案：√49In America, voting is compulsory.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×50In western countries, people don't always say thank you to other people.( )（1.0分）1.0 分正确答案：×我的答案：×。

英美文化概论问答题

1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?—— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and King John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.3. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?——The early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to America in 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.4. What were the causes of the War of Independence?——The economy in the thirteen colonies developed very fast and people wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. On April 19, 1775, on their way to Concord to seize the military supplies of the militia there, the British soldiers met armed militiamen. The shots were fired, the War of Independence began.I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor15. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The M idwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jeffer son bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick DouglassII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s po pulation from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and _____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-Americanshe Magna Carta (Barons Vs the King)♦Henry II –Richard – John (1199)♦“King of Lackland” granted the list of demands of the barons and signed The Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215, which contains:♦①extra payments not exacted without the vassals consent;♦②laws not arbitrarily modified♦③the king not free from lawSignificance: freedom of trade and self-government of the townspeople; merchants and craftsmen appeared as a political force; formation of liberty, limitation of King’s power8. List the reasons why people migrate to the United States. (5%)Many people see America as the land of opportunity - the land of milk and honey - the Promised Land. Whether this is true or not, it becomes a matter of personal experience. For many, the move to America may be the best thing they ever did, and these are the people who become successful in their endeavors. For other people, the move to America may become a nightmare, and this will depend under what conditions these people moved to this country. The issue is that for illegal immigrants,it will be much difficult to find better employment, which may end up slowing down their dreams and shortening their quality of life and opportunities. Therefore, to be able to have certain advantage, immigrating legally is number one option when moving to America.People come to America in search of better employment opportunities and more money.For many people, moving here represents a better way of life and more freedom of expression.Another reason is the cost of living. In many European countries, the cost of living is much higher than in the USA, so if they have similar political liberties, they decide to move to America. Others visit and see those liberties in amazement and decide they want to enjoy that type of freedom. Other foreigners may have relatives in the country and decide to come to America as well.The American Dream•The pursuit of the American Dream has been alive in the imagination of its immigrants since the beginning of the nation. Many people havebeen inspired by the belief that in the United States, hard work leads toprosperity and social mobility.Pop Culture•After World War II, the United States has exported its popular culture to the world. Many aspiring immigrants grew up watching U.S. movies and television, listening to U.S. music and wanting to wear and possess U.S.brands. This American image represented all that was cool and modern for the youth abroad.Land of Opportunity•Being a relatively new country, with an abundance of land and resources, America was once seen as a land of opportunity, wherethere was enough land and a vibrant economy to accommodate all itsresidents.Education and Career•Because of its economic wealth and large middle-class, immigrants come to the United States to study at its well-known universities or workin its market leader industries for generally higher salaries than intheir home countries.Starting Fresh•Because of its size and its being a country of immigrants, many foreigners see America as a clean slate, taking the country's younghistory to symbolize the potential for their own new beginning. New developments• A new trend, however, finds many foreigners who came to the United States to study or work returning to their home countries for bettercareer prospects and a higher quality of life that was not availablebefore in their native country.。

英美文化概论

英美文化概论导言：在全球化的今天，英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。

英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。

本文将对英美文化进行概述，包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。

一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家，两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。

英国作为美国的殖民地，英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。

17世纪至18世纪期间，随着大量移民的涌入，欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。

2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。

它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。

这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。

二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。

英美英语具有许多共同点，但也有一些差异，如发音、词汇和语法等方面。

同时，英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。

2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。

从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒，英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学，还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。

3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。

从古典音乐到流行音乐，英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。

如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等，这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。

4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。

从好莱坞到英国电影，这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。

同时，英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。

5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。

英美人民注重礼节和谦和，在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。

例如，握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。

三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响，其对全球的影响力不言而喻。

无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播，还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行，都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。

英美文化课后答案Chapter3Politics

英美文化课后答案Chapter3Politics英美文化课后答案3Lecture 3 PoliticsTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: FTTFF/FTTTF 11-20: TTFTF/FFTFT 21-30: TFTFF/TFFTT Fill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Lords; Commons2. the Prime Minister; the Sovereign/Queen3. the Queen; the House of Commons4. Conservative Party; Labour Party5. Conservative6. a federal system7. executive; judicial8. one; eight9. Senate; Representatives; two 10. the Democratic Party; the Republican Party 11. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 12. legislature, monarch 13. the Queen 14. Commons, resigns, dissolve 15. not, most, majority, Prime Minister, Opposition, frontbenches, Shadow 16. supreme law 17. the Articles of Confederation18. republic, state, president 19. ratification 20. Bill of Rights, amendments 21. executive, checks and balances 22. bicameral, the Senate, the House of Representatives 23. President, Constitutional Amendment, two 24. Supreme Court 25. Democratic, Republican 26. the Electoral CollegeChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: CDAAC/ADDAD 11-20: DCDBC/ADDAC 21-28: BCDAB/BDBExplain the following terms.1. British ParliamentThe British Parliament today consists of three parts: the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Parliament has a number of different functions. First and foremost, it passes laws. Another role of the Parliament is to scrutinize, or examine the government.2. Life peerLife peers receive their noble titles from the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. However, a life peer cannot pass the title on to his or her children. These appointments are usually made for people’s outstanding careers or contributions to society. Famous people who have been made peers are former British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher.3. British ConstitutionThe U.K. does not have a written constitution, which most countries have. While much of the constitution is written down, it is not systematically written into a single document. The British Constitution is made up of three main parts: Statutes, Common Laws and Conventions.4. The Labour PartyThe Labour Party was developed by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties in the U.K. The Labour Party supported state control of important industries and a more equal distribution of wealth. It has drawn financial support from the trade unions.5. The U.S. ConstitutionThe Constitution of the United States was written as a single political document in 1787. There were only 7 articles in it. The Constitution demands the election of the president, and provides that federal laws would only be made by a Congress. It also provides for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. The Constitution follows these principles: federal system, “checks and balances” of the powers and respect for the Constitution.6. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between the central government and the state government. Therefore, each of the Americans is under the two governments--the federal government and the state government. The federal government has the right to declare war, to tax, to borrow or coin money and to regulate business and trade. Generally speaking, the federal government deals with foreign affairs and matters of general concern to all the states.7. Checks and balancesWhen Americans talk about the system of “checks and balances”, they often refer to the three-part government. The system limits the powers of the three branches. Each branch has powers that the others do not have, and each branch is given power to check the operations of the others, so that no one branch can become too powerful.8. The CongressThe Congress is the supreme legislative branch of the U.S. government. Under the Constitution, it is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, and declare war upon other countries. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. BothSenators and Representatives of the House are chosen by a direct election from all of the states.9. Bill of RightsMany of the recommendations of the states ratifying conventions were considered later by James Madison as he drafted what became the Bill of The Rights. It is commonly viewed as consisting of the first 10 articles of Amendments to the Constitution. These amendments give all Americans rights to believe in any religion; to speak, write and publish as they like; to gather together peaceably and to petition the government; to be secure in their homes without fear of unreasonable searches and seizure of persons and property; and to receive fair and just treatment in courts of law. The Bill of Rights was added in 1791.10. jurisdictionJurisdiction is the authority to hear and decide cases. According to the Constitution, the federal courts exercise jurisdiction over cases in which the subject involves either the U.S. Constitution, statutes, or treaties; maritime law; or cases in which the litigants include either the U.S. government, more than one state government, one state government and a citizen of another state, citizens of more than one state, or a foreign government or citizen. The state courts exercise jurisdiction over the remaining cases. These include most criminal cases.11. Electoral CollegeIt is a body that elects the president and vice president. Each state is represented by the same number of members as in its congressional delegation. In another word, each has as many electors as the total representation in Congress (House plus Senate). The voters vote for electors who will cast their ballots in the Electoral College. Because of the winner-take-all feature ofthe Electoral College, the system gives an advantage to large states and their urban populations.12. Manifest DestinyThe 19th century journalist John O’Sullivan coined the phrase “manifest destiny”in an 1839 article. It conveyed the belief in the divinely conferred right of the republic to expand westward and bring more of the continent into “the great experiment of Liberty and Federated self-government”.Questions for Discussion1.The Articles of Confederation was the first governing Constitution of the United States ofAmerica. Although serving a crucial role in the victory in the American Revolutionary War, a group of reformers felt that the Articles lacked the necessary provisions for a sufficiently effective government. Another problem is that the government lacked taxing authority; it had to request funds from the states. Another criticism of the Articles was that they did not strike the right balance between large and small states in the legislative decision making process. 2.Legislature is a type of representative assembly with the power to create and change laws.The President has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur. Under the Constitution, the President is responsible for foreign relations with other nations. He also has the right to veto or sign any bills passed by Congress. He can call into service of the National Guard. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the ultimate appellate court in the United States. It usually hears cases on appeal. If Congress proposes a law that the President thinks is unwise, the President can veto it. That means the proposal does not becomelaw. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.。

英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案

UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over,the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state ofRhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT?Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception ofWilla Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions becausethey find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following excepttaking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known asKu Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was that they resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______” to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South. Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups?The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse?Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA? Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt’s main concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it? American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT?People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity?Karl Marx。

英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-英国

英国文化概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。

2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。

4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。

(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

小度写范文英美文化概况名词解释问答题-内科名词解释及简答题模板

⼩度写范⽂英美⽂化概况名词解释问答题-内科名词解释及简答题模板英美⽂化概况名词解释问答题|内科名词解释及简答题英美⽂化概况问答题以及答案：1. What are the some of the major powers of each of the three panches of the US government? How are the three panches supposed to check and balance each other? Can political reform in China borrow anything from that? 美国政府三⼤部门的⼀些主要权利是什么？三⼤部门之间如何制约和平衡？中国的政治改⾰能否从中借鉴什么？A．What are the some of the major powers of each of the three panches of the US government? The three panches—the Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) 。

The legislativepanch(⽴法机构）is the only panch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect.The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has poad powers, with the executive panch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial panch(司法机构) is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.B．How are the three panches supposed to check and balance each other?Sy stem of “checks and balances (制约与平衡的原则)” of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one panch or another.C．Can political reform in China borrow anything from that?China does not make the separation, but can absorb the reasonable factors. The people”s congress system is a basic system suitable to China”s national conditions. It directly reflects that people”s democratic dictatorship is national nature in our country, reflected the whole picture of our political life and is the basic forms and means for the people to be the masters of democratic rights.(中国不搞三权分⽴，但可以吸收其合理的因素。

英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案

UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of Rhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception ofWilla Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions because they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was thatthey resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______”to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt’s main concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity? Karl Marx。

英美文化概况unit3

It followed a capitalist development road.
Pattern 4
Quaker Pennsylvania

Set by William Penn
Their beliefs: people can communicate directly with God no church, no priest, only a meeting place all were born equal, not sinful they lived a simple life, with thrifty and selfdenial

Pattern 2
Puritan New England

The second enduring English settlement English puritans: Protestants Their religious beliefs: God as incomprehensible to men Puritan salvation everyone has a calling the Bible

The First Continental Congress: Leaders urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts The colonists

The American War of Independence began
茶党斗争

His son carried out his father’s will and wish to introduce a feudal system : gentleman: the privilege of wearing distinctive medals; lands were to be tilled by indentured freeholder: no privileges

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由于古罗马不断扩大其帝国，他们的拉丁语（Lain），成为欧洲西部多数地区，包括大不列颠在内的不同民族的通用语言

多数凯尔特人逃避罗马人和随后的侵入者，移民至英国威尔士（Wales）山区，苏格兰（Scotland）的高原和岛屿，爱尔兰（Ireland），马恩岛（the Isle of Man（马恩岛）），康沃尔郡（Cornwall）。由于这些地方偏僻，这些部落延续了他们的语言。今天的威尔士人，苏格兰的盖尔语（Scottish Gaeli），和爱尔兰的盖尔语（Scottish Gaeli）都留存了下来。
例如，从居住在该地区的一些特殊部落，可以得知：英国南部的肯特州（Kent）来自坎特西部落（Cantiaci tribe）；

Devon（德文郡：英国郡名） from the Dumnonill and Cornwall （康沃尔郡）from the Cornovii.

英国德文郡（Devon）来自杜蒙里（Dumnonill）部落；而康沃尔（Cornwall）郡则由科落伟里（Cornovii）部落演变而来。

In the past, changes (in vocabulary, structures and syntax) happened so slowly that they were frequently unnoticeable to those speaking the language. But the introduction (of widespread education , radio and television ) , and the greater mobility（易变性、可动性） (of the population), have speeded up the process.

凯尔特人时代，大不列颠被分成不同的首领部落，每个部落讲一种自己的凯尔特语言。

但是，古代人没有书写语言，后来能并入英语的很少。

然而，凯尔特人的遗产还是在地名中保留下来

Some，for instance, derive from （来源于） the particular tribe live in the area: Kent（英国东南部州名） from the Cantiaci tribe,

Many Celts fled(逃避、逃跑、逃离) from the Romans and subsequent invaders and settled in the mountains of Wales, the Highlands and islands of Scotland, Ireland, the Isle of Man（马恩岛） and Cornwall. Because These areas were so remote, the tribes managed to preserve their languages, which survive today as Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.

Other are based on Celtic words for specific natural features: several names of rivers, like Avon（英国中部一河）, Esk, Stour and Usk, come from Celtic words for water;

Also some town names, like London , Dover, York, Leeds, Penrith , Carlisle and Catterick, are Cletic in origin.

还有一些城市的名称，像伦敦、英国东部的港口城市多韦尔（Dover）、纽约、利慈（Leeds：英国城市）、彭瑞斯（Penrith）、卡莱尔（Carlisle：英国西北部城市）、卡特利奇（Catterick）都源至凯尔特人（Cletic）时代。

and tor（岩石） meaning a high rock or peak, persists in （留存于）Torquay, Torpoint and Torcross.

另外，表达高大巨石和山顶的岩石（tor），也留存于拖基（Torquay：英格兰南部之一城市）、拖波因特（Torpoint）和托科洛斯（Torcross）地名中。

所有的语言都能够，而且必须成为使用者用来为他们的需要服务的工具。例如，当今发生这么多的政治、社会和技术变革，那么语言也必须适应，找到其新的词语和表述。

这种适应性在英语漫长的整个历史中非常明显。英语可追溯至大不列颠凯特尔语言

In the time of the Celts ,Britain was divided into various tribal （部落）Kingdoms, each one speaking its own kind of Celtic.

尤其是年轻人，使用的习语、俚语和美国特有的风俗及习惯性语言这些语言要么逐渐吸收入 “高雅”英语，要么象其他时髦东西一样被淘汰。

All language is a tool （which can and must be manipulated （利用） to serve the needs of those who use it） . In modern times ,for example, so many political, social and technological changes have taken place that language too has had to adapt（适应；） and find new words and expressions. This adaptability（适应性） has been apparent（明显的） throughout the long history of the English language （whose roots go back to Celtic Britain ）.

As the Romans extended their empire（帝国）, their language , Lain, became the lingua franca （不同民族的通用语） of most of western Europe including Britain. Then, from about the third century, the spread of Latin was strengthened by the introduction of Christianity（基督教） as all prayers（祈祷者） and liturgy（祈祷文） were in that language . The English alphabet as such , adapted （改编）from Roman scripts（书写字母） , appeared sometime between AD 500 and 700.

其他的地名，也以凯特尔人语言为基础表现其特有的自然特征：几条河流的名称，例如英国中部的河流埃温（Avon）、埃斯卡（ Esk）、斯托尔（Stour）和尤斯卡（Usk），都来自凯尔特人对水的多个单词；

cumb（头梳、鸡冠）,
凯尔特人视为深山峡谷的头 Celtic for a deep valley 梳、鸡冠（cumb）单词，在（峡谷）, is found in 现代地名，如索尔库姆 modern place names like （Salcombe）、亚底斯库姆 Salcombe, Addiscombe （Addiscombe）和韦克斯库 and Wexcombe ; 姆（Wexcombe）可以发现。

Manx, another form of Gaelic , was spoken on the Isle of Man until about 1950.

盖尔语的另一种形式曼岛语（Manx），直到1950年还在曼岛（the Isle of Man）使用。

The Cornish Celtic language was spoken up to about 200 years ago

自从公元前55年罗马侵入英国后，他们的的语言fortress ,castra ，增加了现在的许多富有凯尔特语言的地名：例如，包括当今的温切斯特（Winchester：英格兰南部城市）、曼切斯特（Manchester）、累斯特城（Leicester）、洛切斯特（Rochester）、格洛斯特（Gloucester）。
3 which English

Anyone ( who has lived a reasonably(适当长的)time ) will know + that his children and their contemporaries（同时代的、同龄人） are not using the same words, grammar and pronunciation (that he learned as a child), because each generation has a different attitude to its language 大凡有一定年龄的人都会知道他的孩子和同龄人对小时侯所学的发音、语法、文字使用存在差别。因为每一代人对语言有其不同的态度。
and a branch of the same language called Breton, is still used across the Channel in Brittany, a region of north— west France.

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