Abstractwriting英文摘要写作方法

2.2 Indicative abstract (1)
➢ Another common type of abstract is the indicative abstract (sometimes called a descriptive abstract). This type of abstract is designed to indicate the subjects dealt with in a paper, making it easy for potential readers to decide whether to read the paper. However, because of its descriptive rather than substantive nature, it can seldom serve as a substitute for the full paper.
➢ Informative-indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要
2.1 Informative abstract
➢ An informative abstract is designed to condense the paper. It can and should briefly state the problem, the method used to study the problem, and the principal data and conclusions. Often, the abstract supplants the need for reading the full paper; without such abstracts, scientists would not be able to keep up in active areas of research. This is the type of abstract that is used as a “heading” in most journals today.
Types of Abstracts
➢ Informative abstract (more detailed, and may include quantitative details) 信息性/报道性/资料性摘要
➢ Indicative /descriptive abstract (brief and qualitative, indicating what kind of research has been done) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要
Abstract Writing
Definition and components of an abstract
Samples of abstract writing
What Is Abstract
➢ An abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. The Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion.
➢ The Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a previously published method). Likewise, the Abstract should not include or refer to tables and figures.
➢ The Abstract should
(1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation；
(2) describe the methods employed； (3) summarize the results；
(4) state the principal conclusions.
➢ The Abstract should not exceed 250 words and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper. The Abstract should be typed as a single paragraph.
➢ As Houghton (1975) put it, "An absБайду номын сангаасract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document."
➢ "A well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety" (American National Standards Institute, 1979b).
➢ When writing the Abstract, examine every word carefully. If you can tell your story in 100 words, do not use 200.
➢ Most of the Abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done.