英语试题 高三第一次周练

2018-2019学年度高三上学期英语测试卷第 I 卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AMaria Sibylla MerianUntil the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two totally different creatures. Thanks to Maria Sibylla Merian, we know the truth about these winged insects. She began collecting, studying, and drawing them when she was 13. She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects. It was through her study of caterpillars that she discovered the truth about their life cycles.Lucy StoneIf you know a woman who keeps her own surname after marriage, she is continuing a tradition started by Lucy Stone. She initially changed her name, but decided to change it back a year later. She held the belief that "a wife should no more take her husband's name than he should hers." She became the first American married woman to keep her own family name for her entire life. Both she and her husband also fought the popular idea that husbands had legal control over their wives.Nellie Bly.Famous journalist Nellie Bly, was born in 1864 in Pennsylvania. When a Pittsburgh Dispatch journalist wrote an article claiming that working women were unacceptable. Bly wrote an argument that got her a job offer from the paper, Pittsburgh Dispatch. In her most famous assignment, she spent ten days living in a mental institution to expose the conditions the patients faced.Alice CoachmanAlice Coachman was the first African-American woman to win Olympic gold. She grew up in Georgia, where prejudice prevented her from joining sports teams. So she trained on her own. Finally, Coachman competed in the 1948 Games in London, where she not only won a gold medal but set a record in the high jump.21. What’s Maria Sibylla Merian’s contribution?A. She studied and drew live insects.B. She was the first woman to study insects.C. She found out the life cycles of caterpillars.D. She discovered the truth of several winged insects.22. What can we know about Lucy Stone according to Paragraph 2?A. She never changed her family name all her life.B. She asked her husband to take her name.C. She became the first woman to fight against slavery.D. She along with her husband fought for women’s rights.23. Nellie Bly was well-known especially for ________.A. a report about a mental institutionB. her argument for working womenB. being the youngest female journalist D. traveling round the world in 72 days24. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Commenting on outstanding women.B. Listing amazing women in history.C. Explaining paths to success to females.D. Introducing pioneering females of America.BOn my granddaughter’s 21st birthday, I sat with her and her expired (过期的) d river’s license on a hard wooden bench at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The broadcast system announced numbers to call ticket holders to reach the desk to take an eye test or renew a registration.And on that bench, I had a thought: The seemin gly ordinary events I’ve shared with my granddaughter were both my adventures and my rewards for just showing up.I grew up in an immigrant family in the suburb of Boston. A vacation for us was a bus trip to Central Square, shopping bags filled with delicacies like hard-boiled eggs, followed by the muddy sand sucking at our toes.I looked forward to these small outings. It sounds boring, to seek out the simpler pleasures, but it was not. I have since traveled to tropical islands, to Europe, and to many of America’s cities. Those trips were refreshing, but they were breaks. I prefer the mainstream of the ordinary.I like the day trips and the routines of showing up to be the driver for my granddaughter. But the best of times were in the car or the kitchen. We sighed on a homework assignment, playing the roles of two philosophers discussing the Enlightenment. We had our private book club, reading A Prayer for Owen Meany and copying the voice of the main character.All of these irreplaceable, ordinary moments far outweigh the time it would take to travel around the world. That makes me think I should be more adventurous, like skydiving or climbing Mount Everest. But that is not who I am. I don’t need those adventures. In the end, it turns out that just showing up is enough for me.25. Why does the author mention his childhood?A. To show his simple pleasures as a kid.B. To describe how tasty delicacies were.C. To reveal his identity as an immigrant.D. To make a contrast with his life afterwards.26. Which of the following does the author possibly prefer?A. Traveling to Europe.B. Exploring tropical islands.C. Giving her granddaughter a ride.D. Visiting different American cities.27. The author can be described as _______.A. caring and well-readB. sociable and ambitiousC. ordinary and humorousD. adventurous and responsible28. What is the best title for the text?A. Happiness from Ordinary EventsB. The Moments Full of ExcitementC. Unforgettable Experience at DMVD. The ways to Seek Simple PleasuresCFor the vast majority of plants, an inability to produce chlorophyll (叶绿素) equals to death, but that general rule apparently doesn’t apply to the hundreds of documented “albino redwoods” in Hu mboldt Redwoods State Park, California. Some of them are almost completely white; others are half green and half white.These mysterious albino redwoods have been puzzling scientists for over 100 years. Zane Moore, a young biologist working to expose it.Moore and a handful of other scientists have found 411 albino redwoods in the millions of acres of redwood forest, some featuring more white branches than others.For years, other scientists have referred to the pale branches of albino redwoods as parasites (寄生虫), but it didn’t make sense to Moore. So the young scientists teamed up with arborist Tom Stapleton to document the locations of the trees, in search for clues.What they found was that all of the albino trees were found on the outer reaches of Humboldt Redwoods State Park. Due to specific soil, redwood trees don’t grow beyond a certain point, and it was near these edges that most of the albinos were located. They found the soil contained higher levels of heavy metals and albino redwoods had double the levels of heavy metals than the normal ones, on average.Interestingly, these levels of heavy metals would be deadly for a normal and green redwood. Heavy metals poison the pathways making chlorophyll, but that’s not a problem for the white, chlorophyll-free branches.More believes that the white branches have a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with the green ones. They suck up all the dangerous heavy metals, keeping the green parts healthy, and in return, the regular branches supply it with the chlorophyll needed to survive.That still wouldn’t explain how completely white redwood trees survive, but apparently, as long as they are close enough to a healthy redwood, they receive enough nutrition to live.29. Why are albino redwoods considered mysterious?A. They are completely white or red.B. They get rid of its useless branches.C. They only live in outer part of woods.D. They can survive without chlorophyll.30. According to Moore, the white branches depends on ______ to survive.A. special soilB. heavy metalsC. green branchesD. their parasites31. What conclusion can we draw about albino redwoods?A. The strong feed on the weak.B. The rules of nature don’t apply to all.C. Connections exist commonly in nature.D. People shouldn’t see the wood for trees.DWhile we often hear of humans losing their jobs, a robot being fired is almost unheard of. However, that is exactly what a Scottish grocery store was forced to do.The robot, named Fabio, was part of an experiment conducted by the Heriot-Watt University, which explores the combination of men and machine. Elena Margiotta, co-owner of the Margiotta supermarket chain, says, "We thought a robot was a great addition to show the customers that we are always wanting to do something new and exciting.”Fabio’s job was to make customers feel welcome and assist them in locating grocery items if asked. Things seemed to start off well. The almost 4-foot-tall humanoid robot greeted customers, talked intelligently about the weather, and even gave hugs and high-fives. However, its friendly behaviour appeared to decrease when a shopper needed help but received a vague answer. Not surprisingly, store visitors began to seek out human employees for help. Believing it may do better at a job that required more socializing, Fabio was assigned to hand out sausage samples. Unfortunately, that did not go too well. While a human employee managed to attract 12 customers to try the food in 15 minutes, the robot attracted just two. Since Fabio was not trained for any other job, the grocery store management decided to “fire” the robot a week after it had first reported for duty. The Director of the Interaction Lab at Heriot-Watt says, ” When we had to put it back in the box, one o f employees started crying because they had become emotionally attached to it. It was good in a way because we thought they would feel threatened by it because it was competing for their job.” As he later discovered, the tears were not out of fondness for Fabio, but because the robot freed the human employees from the dull task of responding to customers’ questions.Although Fabio appears to be different within its family, the thousands of other Pepper humanoids employed at various Japanese stores seem to be thriving and extremely popular with customers.32. According to Elena Margiotta, the shop employed a robot to ______.A. conduct an experimentB. combine man and machineC. show the intention to changeD. make customers feel welcome33. Which of the following is the reason for Fabio’s being fired?A. It failed to function as expected.B. It wasn’t friendly to people.C. It failed to replace human employees.D. It couldn’t communicate with human employees.34. According to paragraph 5, the store employees may agree that ______.A. Fabio did well in socializingB. they benefited from Fabio’s helpC. Fabio was a good friend to makeD. robots competed with them for jobs35. What can be implied from the last paragraph?A. Fabio was designed differently from other robots.B. Robots have replaced human employees in Japan.C. People’s acceptance of robots varies across countries.D. Scottish people are particular about robot employees.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。