洛阳市2018-2019学年高三第一次统一考试
洛阳市2012-2013学年高三年级统一考试政治试卷(Word版)
洛阳市2012-2013学年高三年级统一考试政 治 试 卷第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共50分)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
全卷共8页。
共100分。
考试时间90分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号，考试科目填写在答B 卷上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卷上对应题目答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
答在试题卷上无效。
3．非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔直接写在答题卷上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上或规定的答题区域外无效。
4．考试结束后，请将答题卷上交。
一、选择题(在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
25小题，每小题2分，共50分)1．为隆重庆祝十八大胜利召开，中国邮政发行十八大纪念邮票一套2枚，小型张1枚。
这套纪念邮票受到收藏市场的追捧，小型张市场溢价33%，零售邮票当天即告罄。
这套纪念邮票收藏市场 （ ） ①价格受供求影响 ②买者处于主导地位 ③收藏价值决定价格 ④卖者起主导作用A ．①②B ．①④C ．②③D ．③④2．假定2012年2月用100元人民币可以购买5件甲商品，此后物价一路仰冲，截止2012年11月，用100元只能购买4件甲商品，如果不考虑其他因素，则货币贬值 ，物价上涨 。
（ ）A ．20％ 25％B ．20％ 20％C ．25％ 20％D ．25% 25%3．人们外出旅游的需求不仅要受景区票价的影响，还要受其他因素的影响。
2012年中秋，国庆长假期间，依据国务院通知，各高速公路收费站免收7座以下小型客车通行费。
下列曲线（P 代表价格，Q 代表需求，A1为免费前，A2为免费后的情况）能反映这一措施带来的影响是 （ ）A B C D 4．政府不仅要当好“红娘”，牵线搭桥，还要尽力办好“嫁妆”，为民企提供越来越好的创业、发展环境。
为此，政府要 （ ） ①毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济 ②深化行政审批制度改革，提高办事效率，打造服务型政府 ③保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争 ④不断增强民营经济活力、控制力、影响力A ．①②B ．①④C ．②③D ．③④5．H 股份有限公司股东王某滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任，转移公司财产以逃避公司债务，损害了公司债权人利益。
01化学与生活(50模拟的题目)
易错点一化学与生活模拟题训练1．（2018届广州市高三上学期第一次调研考试）通过不同的水处理方法可以得到不同质量标准的水，以满足人民生产、生活的用水需要。
下列处理方法不正确．．．的是A. 用ClO2、O3代替氯气进行自来水消毒B. 用高铁酸钠（Na2FeO4）处理水中的微生物和细菌C. 用Na2SO4·10H2O等处理含有Mg2＋、Ca2＋的硬水D. 用Na2S处理工业废水中的Cu2＋、Hg2＋等重金属离子【答案】C2．（2018届湖南省郴州市高三第一次质量检测）下列与化学有关的文献，理解错误的是A. 《咏石灰》（明·于谦）中“…烈火焚烧若等闲…要留清白在人间”其中“清白”是指氢氧化钙B. 《咏煤炭》（明·于谦）中“凿开混沌得乌金…不辞辛苦出山林”其中“乌金”的主要成分是煤炭C. 《天工开物》中记载：“以消石、硫磺为主。
草木灰为辅。
…魂散惊而魄齑粉”文中提到的是火药D. 《天工开物》中有如下描述:“世间丝、麻、裘、褐皆具素质…”文中的“裘”主要成分是蛋白质【答案】A3．（2018届湖南省郴州市高三第一次质量检测）化学与生产生活联系紧密，下列有关说法正确的是A. 只用淀粉溶液即可检验食盐是否为加碘盐B. 氢氟酸刻蚀水晶饰品体现其酸性C. 水垢中的CaSO4，可先转化为CaCO3，再用酸除去D. 煤经过气化和液化等物理变化可转为清洁能源【答案】C4．（2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考模拟调研卷）化学与生活密切相关，下列有关说法错误的是A. 氢氧化铝可作抗酸药B. 硅胶可用作袋装食品的干燥剂C. 浓硫酸可刻蚀石英制的艺术品D. 酱油中含有多种维生素【答案】C5．（2018届四川达州市普通高中第一次诊断性测试）化学与生产、生活密切相关。
下列说法不正确的是A. 生活中不能用食醋区分食盐和纯碱B. 地沟油可用作工业上制肥皂C. 用燃烧的方法鉴别人造丝（纤维素）和蚕丝织物D. 硅胶可作袋装食品和瓶装药品的干燥剂【答案】A6．（2018届河南省洛阳市高三上学期第一次统一考试12月）化学与生产、生活、社会密切相关。
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次统一考试地理试卷 含答案
河南省洛阳市2021—2022学年高中三年级第一次统一考试地理试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试时间为90分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共60分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.考试结束，将答题卡交回。
一、单项选择题：（每小题2分，共60分。
）2021年11月7日20时28分，神舟十三号航天员翟志刚、王亚平先后从天和核心舱节点舱成功出舱。
王亚平的出舱标志着中国女航天员首次实现“太空漫步”，她身着的新舱外服也在太空中首次亮相。
图1为在北京航天飞行控制中心拍摄的神舟十三号航天员王亚平（右）结束出舱任务的照片，据此完成1-2题。
图11.航天员的舱外航天服具有的主要功能有①隔绝高低温②保持压力平衡③防强辐射④减轻失重感A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④D.①②④2.航天员出舱时不能观察到的是A.悬浮在宇宙中的蔚蓝色地球B.黑色天幕上无数明亮的星星C.太阳照射下的明亮船体D.划过天幕的众多流星国庆节期间，湖北某校研学小组到学校周边的山地进行考察，在出发前他们专门学习了夏季去山区旅游的相关安全知识，并设计了登山线路。
在山顶上他们领略了优美的湖光山色，当地人告诉他们，而季M湖湖水经常外泄。
图2示意他们绘制的该山等高线地形图和登山线路。
据此完成3-5题。
3.M湖湖水上涨外泄处的海拔可能是A.1280米B.1520米C.1480米D.1620米4.当研学小组到达②处时，如果突遇湖水大量外泄，最佳的逃生方向是A.东北B.正北C.东南D.正南5.登山线路上最早看到日出的是A.①地B.②地C.③地D.④地九九消寒图是我国民间传统文化中冬季“数九”计算日期的一种方法。
“日冬至，画素梅一枝，为瓣八十有一，日染一瓣，瓣尽而九九出，则春深矣，日九九消寒图。
”图3为一位同学某日涂染的消寒图，据此完成6-7题。
6.自冬至涂染开始，至消寒图如图3所示期间，洛阳A.气温降至全年最低B.日出方位逐渐偏南C.白昼浙短黑夜渐长D.正午日影逐渐变短7.当整个消寒图涂染全部完成时A.青海湖畔油菜花次第开放B.黄河上游可能出现凌汛C.三江平原进入春耕时节D.华北地区准备收割小麦蒸发皿蒸发量是指在蒸发皿中一直有水状态下测得的蒸发量，它反映陆地蒸发的能力，代表地面最大理论蒸发量。
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三年级第一次统一考试英语试题
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三年级第一次统一考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Are you looking forward to a vacation with your family in Caribbean islands? Actually, a family vacation in the Caribbean islands doesn’t come cheap but is affordable. These four wonderful kid-friendly hotels are ideal for you.Dreams Palm Beach HotelClose to Higuey, this hotel by the sea is just the place to enjoy the feel of Caribbean sand. While adults can be organized to visit Punta Cana, go golfing and go swimming, kids will love the kids’ club and the kids’ pool. A range of meals from Mexican flavor (味道) to Asian and French flavor are offered there, making this hotel stand out. Need more good news? There’s a spa to really get adults in the vacation mood.Hilton Nassau HotelIn the Nassau’s shopping district, this hotel is perfectly located to explore the nearby island, Prince George Wharf. Families can be guided to go to Bay Street for shopping or to the historic landmarks like Rawson Square. Then, return to the hotel’s pool bar for dining and overlooking Nassau Harbor and Paradise Island. The kids’ menu and high chairs make family dining a treat, especially since kids eat for free.Club Med La CaravelleThis hotel, on the Caribbean island of Grand Terre in Guadeloupe, is ideal for sporty family. You’ll find a pool, tennis courts, a gym, and a kids’ club where the activities’ schedule is brilliantly packed to keep your little ones busy all day.Sugar Bay ResortYou can feel right at home on your private balcony in this 31-acre property. Those who prefer a little action can catch a game of tennis in the gym, or even try surfing or jet skiing. No passport is required to visit the US Virgin Islands. Kids’ club is available for those who prefer to stay indoors.1．What makes eating in the Hilton Nassau Hotel more pleasant?A．Its high chairs.B．Treating friends.C．No charge for kids.D．The special-designed menu.2．In which hotel can tourists enjoy international foods?A．Dreams Palm Beach Hotel.B．Hilton Nassau Hotel.C．Club Med La Caravelle.D．Sugar Bay Resort.3．How is Sugar Bay Resort different?A．There are clubs and pools designed for kids.B．It offers a spa to relax tourists and kids.C．Tourists can visit the islands staying indoors.D．Tourists can experience great adventure.Grandma, almost ninety years old, sat weakly on the park bench. She didn’t move. She just sat with her head down staring at her hands.When I sat down beside her, she didn’t even notice me. I wondered if she was OK. So I asked her if she was OK. She raised her head, looked at me and said with a smile, “Yes, I’m fine .Thank you for asking me.” “I didn’t mean to disturb you, Grandma, but you were just sitting here staring at your hands and I wanted to make sure you were OK,” I explained to her.“Have you ever looked at your hands?” She asked.“I mean really looking at your hands.”I slowly opened my hands and stared down at them. And then I turned them over. No, I guess I had never really looked at my hands as I tried to figure out the point my grandma was making.Grandma smiled and told me the following story, “My hands put food in my mouth and clothes on my back. They tied my shoes and pulled on my boots. They held my husband and wiped my tears when he went off to war. They were uneasy when I tried to hold my newborn son. Decorated with my wedding band, they showed the world that I was married and loved someone special. They wrote my letters to him and shook when I buried my parents. They held my children and grandchildren and comforted my neighbors. They covered my face, combed my hair and washed the rest of my body. These hands are the mark of where I’ve been and the ruggedness of life.”I never look at my hands the same again. When my hands are hurt or when I touch the faces of my children and my husband, I think of my grandma. I know I can also create a bright future using my hands.4．The writer disturbed her grandma in order to know ________.A．what she was doing B．whether she understood the writerC．why she was staring at her hands D．if there was something wrong with her 5．What does the underlined word “ruggedness” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Pleasure.B．Richness.C．Roughness.D．Excitement. 6．What can we know about the writer’s grandma?A．She is fond of telling stories.B．She treats others in a caring and helpful way.C．She loves telling stories in an interesting way.D．She prefers to talk with others about her friends.7．The author mentioned her grandma’s story to show that her grandma ________. A．couldn’t do anything as a result of her weak handsB．lived a poor life without any help of technologyC．felt very tired when dealing with life with her weak handsD．managed to go through many difficulties with her weak handsAngela Pozzi didn’t like seeing plastic trash washing up on the shore near her home in Bandon, Oregon. She wanted to unite her community to clean it up, so she started an organization and called it Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea.V olunteers help clean up Oregon’s 300 miles of shoreline. Then, using only plastics from the beach cleanup, Ms Pozzi and her staff and many, many volunteers create sculptures of sea animals. Ms Pozzi says, “I want to create sculptures that, hopefully, will make people consider their plastic purchases and be aware of how so much plastic ends up in the oceans.”Since 2010, more than 10,000 volunteers have collected 21 tons of trash and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling exhibits have displayed the sculptures in more than 18 places. Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, Illinois, hosted an exhibit through September 2018.People have used plastics to create life-saving medical devices, inexpensive containers and gadgets, and toys, of course. But unlike wood, cotton, and other natural materials, plastics don’t break down into anything useful to other living things. Instead, they stay for years in landfills, waterways, and the oceans. The materials are harmful to some sea animals, such as turtles, sea lions, and birds. Some of these creatures eat plastic objects that look like food. Others become entangled (被缠住) in plastic nets or packaging.Ms Pozzi gives credit to everyone who helps. “One person didn’t create these sculptures,”she says. “Some people have picked up the plastic; others have sorted the items by color. Still others have washed each piece of plastic trash. V olunteers have drilled holes or helped to make the small wire-stitched panels, while others welded (焊接) the giant frames. I do the heads and detail work, and my staff and I take all the pieces everyone contributes to finish the work.” Says Ms Pozzi, “Until we run out of plastic on the beach, the work will continue.”8．According to the passage, Washed Ashore ________.A．is an official organization B．collects plastics for moneyC．turns the waste into artworks D．aims to prevent the use of plastics 9．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?A．The long history of the organization.B．The accomplishments of the organization.C．The sculptures are popular in many places.D．Many people are in favour of the organization.10．Which can best describe plastics according to the passage?A．A double-edged sword.B．A threat to living things.C．More stable in landfills.D．Food for sea creatures.11．Why does Ms Pozzi introduce the specific process of creating the sculptures?A．To teach it to readers.B．To show its difficulty.C．Because she feels very proud.D．Because it is an art by teamwork.Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (处理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personalcredentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (节俭的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.12．How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?A．They can warn people of risks.B．They can remind people of mistakes.C．They can reduce psychological pain.D．They can make life convenient.13．What’s the second reason the author tells to support his idea?A．The risk of cheat.B．The inconvenience.C．The lack of safety.D．The desire to purchase.14．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Going Against the Cashless Wave B．Going Completely Cashless Is True C．Stopping Moving towards Cashless D．We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer 15．The passage is mainly developed by ________.A．giving examples B．analyzing causesC．making introductions D．examining differences二、七选五How to Be a Good Upstairs NeighborOne must remember to be polite when living in an apartment building. You may unintentionally bother your neighbors with actions that you think to be harmless. ____16____ Living upstairs, you must always be aware that everything you do may be heard by those wholive below. This doesn’t mean that you have to completely change your lifestyle, though.____17____ This will greatly reduce the sound of your footsteps, thus limiting the sound your downstairs neighbor will hear. You should always remember to change your shoes when entering your apartment to ensure that your downstairs neighbor doesn’t hear you walking around.Place carpets in your apartment if you have hardwood floors. Doing so is another way to decrease the sound of steps coming from an upstairs apartment. You can also put your furniture on these carpets. ____18____Close your windows when you can. A floor is usually about three meters high, so it’s quite easy to hear your conversations. ____19____ Therefore, whenever you are watching TV or listening to a radio, try to keep your windows closed as much as possible.Do your cleaning on weekend afternoons. ____20____ Doing such housework at 3:00 pm on a Saturday is much better than doing so at 9:30 on a Tuesday night.A．Wear slippers while in your upstairs apartment.B．It becomes much easier when your windows are open.C．No matter what you do, consider your neighbor’s requirements.D．There’ll be a time when you will run a cleaner to clean your room.E．This is especially true for those people who live above an apartment.F．It will disturb your downstairs neighbor who has to work the next morning.G．This keeps your furniture from moving around, thus limiting noise a downstairs neighbor may hear.三、完形填空Last week I wrote about how giving to others can and does lift your life and brings more happiness, contentment, and even better health and a longer life. It must have ____21____ me to practice what I was preaching (宣扬) because later I ____22____ myself in my car driving to the high school that all my kids attended and going ____23____ to the office where I made a pretty sizable donation.As I walked out of the building, I felt so good and happy in the ____24____ of my heart and brain that I ____25____ another school. I made a couple more ____26____ that day and felt like I was on top of the ____27____. It’s very ____28____ that when I make donations,including all those $2 bills that I ____29____ give to kids, I always feel that I _____30_____ much more out of it than the recipient (接受者). What a great _____31_____ it gives me! As science has proved, there is a great _____32_____ between the brain and the _____33_____. This allows us humans to help and _____34_____ our entire physical being by what we run through our heads. _____35_____ is one of those things that can set off a lot of good_____36_____ feelings in our bodies.Most of us, when we talk about giving, tend to think _____37_____ in terms of giving money. But there are so many other ways and things to give. With very little _____38_____, I came up with this list of things we can give to others that can be a _____39_____ help to those people and, at the same time, can give a _____40_____ to our brains, souls, and bodies. 21．A．attracted B．prohibited C．motivated D．allowed 22．A．found B．devoted C．committed D．dressed 23．A．suddenly B．specially C．well D．straight 24．A．presence B．center C．edge D．absence 25．A．got through B．registered for C．rolled over D．headed for 26．A．donations B．experiments C．predictions D．decisions 27．A．voice B．building C．-world D．mountain 28．A．surprising B．interesting C．annoying D．convincing 29．A．often B．purely C．simply D．deliberately 30．A．make B．share C．get D．change 31．A．shock B．feeling C．gift D．reward 32．A．difference B．restriction C．gap D．connection 33．A．body B．heart C．muscle D．ankle 34．A．handle B．improve C．spread D．block 35．A．Purchasing B．Organizing C．Giving D．Changing 36．A．official B．foreign C．familiar D．positive 37．A．fortunately B．constantly C．primarily D．eventually 38．A．effort B．contribution C．requirement D．chance 39．A．real B．legal C．formal D．huge 40．A．terminal B．lift C．train D．rest四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【2018-2019】周处除三害阅读答案-word范文 (26页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==周处除三害阅读答案篇一：河南省洛阳市201X届高三语文12月统一考试试题及答案洛阳市201X——201X学年高中三年级统一考试语文试卷(A)第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成l～3题。
知耻则有所不为耻感文化是中国优秀的文化传统，它萌芽于早期国家形成的尧舜禹时期，至春秋战国时期形成，对数千年来中华民族的发展产生了深远的影响。
中国传统的耻感文化，立足于人的个性修养，延展到整个社会的道德评价机制，具体表现为向内和向外两个层面。
从向内的方向看，首先，它强调个人的修身，要求内省、慎独、反求诸己，通过正己而达到正人，这一点构成了耻感文化的核心内容。
其次它激发人的奋斗精神，“行已有耻”，它使人为实现自己的人生理想和道德实践而积极进取，不屈不挠，形成奋发有为的民族精神。
孔子有言：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。
”在这天下三德中，知耻居于最深层次，它对好学、力行乃至其他种种行为发挥着重要影响。
孟子进一步发挥了孔子的思想，倡导“我善养吾浩然之气”的修养方法。
由孔孟所倡导的人生理想和实践，为中国历代志士仁人所认同，成为他们立身行事的楷模，造成中国历史发展中的刚正之气，形成一种刚直不阿、特立卓行、奋发有为的民族精神。
再次它崇尚操守，褒扬气节。
由于耻感文化能使人从内心控制自己的行为，因而形成中国古代崇尚操守、不媚时俗的道德品格，其具体内涵就是指廉洁正直、守志不辱的人生品行，最终则是在这种价值追求的基础上形成了中华民族源远流长的气节观。
从向外的方向看，耻感文化对人的一个基本行为要求就是改过迁善，见贤思齐。
这是建立于耻感文化基础上的内省机制的外化，“知耻则有所不为”，进一步做到改过迁善、见贤思齐、最终而达到“至善”的崇高境地。
其次是建立于耻感文化基础上的社会道德评价机制。
高考数学培优复习：第6章 2 第2讲 等差数列及其前n项和新题培优练
[基础题组练]1．(2019·开封市高三定位考试)已知等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,且a 1＋a 5＝10,S 4＝16,则数列{a n }的公差为( )A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．4解析：选B.法一：设等差数列{a n }的公差为d ,则由题意,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1＋a 1＋4d ＝10，4a 1＋4×32×d ＝16，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1＝1，d ＝2，故选B. 法二：设等差数列{a n }的公差为d ,因为S 4＝4(a 1＋a 4)2＝2(a 1＋a 5－d )＝2(10－d )＝16,所以d ＝2,故选B.2．已知数列{a n }满足a 1＝15,且3a n ＋1＝3a n －2,若a k ·a k ＋1<0,则正整数k ＝( )A ．21B ．22C ．23D ．24解析：选C.3a n ＋1＝3a n －2⇒a n ＋1＝a n －23⇒{a n }是等差数列,则a n ＝473－23n .因为a k ·a k ＋1<0,所以⎝⎛⎭⎫473－23k ⎝⎛⎭⎫453－23k <0,所以452<k <472,所以k ＝23. 3．(2019·四川三地四校联考)在等差数列{a n }中,a 1＝－2 015,其前n 项和为S n ,若S 1212－S 1010＝2,则S 2 018＝( )A ．2 018B ．－2 018C ．4 036D ．－4 036 解析：选C.设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ＝An 2＋Bn ,则S n n ＝An ＋B ,所以⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫S n n 是等差数列．因为S 1212－S 1010＝2,所以⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫S n n 的公差为1,又S 11＝a 11＝－2 015,所以⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫S n n 是以－2 015为首项,1为公差的等差数列,所以S 2 0182 018＝－2 015＋2 017×1＝2,所以S 2 018＝4 036.故选C. 4．(2019·衡水中学二调)今有良马与驽马发长安至齐,齐去长安一千一百二十五里,良马初日行一百零三里,日增十三里；驽马初日行九十七里,日减半里；良马先至齐,复还迎驽马,问：几何日相逢？( )A ．12日B ．16日C ．8日D ．9日解析：选D.由题易知良马每日所行里数构成一等差数列,其通项公式为a n ＝103＋13(n －1)＝13n ＋90,驽马每日所行里数也构成一等差数列,其通项公式为b n ＝97－12(n －1)＝－12n ＋1952,二马相逢时所走路程之和为2×1 125＝2 250,所以n (a 1＋a n )2＋n (b 1＋b n )2＝2 250,即n (103＋13n ＋90)2＋n ⎝⎛⎭⎫97－12n ＋19522＝2 250,化简得n 2＋31n －360＝0,解得n ＝9或n ＝－40(舍去),故选D.5．已知等差数列{a n }的公差d ≠0,且a 3＋a 9＝a 10－a 8.若a n ＝0,则n ＝________．解析：因为a 3＋a 9＝a 10－a 8,所以a 1＋2d ＋a 1＋8d ＝a 1＋9d －(a 1＋7d ),解得a 1＝－4d ,所以a n ＝－4d ＋(n －1)d ＝(n －5)d ,令(n －5)d ＝0(d ≠0),可解得n ＝5.答案：56．(2019·江苏适应性测试)设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n .若a 3＝5,且S 1,S 5,S 7成等差数列,则数列{a n }的通项公式a n ＝________．解析：设等差数列{a n }的公差为d ,因为a 3＝5,且S 1,S 5,S 7成等差数列,所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1＋2d ＝5，a 1＋7a 1＋21d ＝10a 1＋20d ，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1＝1，d ＝2，所以a n ＝2n －1. 答案：2n －17．(2019·长春市质量检测(二))已知数列{a n }的通项公式为a n ＝2n －11.(1)求证：数列{a n }是等差数列；(2)令b n ＝|a n |,求数列{b n }的前10项和S 10.解：(1)证明：由a n ＝2n －11,可得a n ＋1－a n ＝2(n ＋1)－11－2n ＋11＝2(n ∈N *),因此数列{a n }为等差数列．(2)因为a n ＝2n －11,所以|a n |＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧11－2n ，n ≤5，2n －11，n >5， 因此,S 10＝5×9＋12×5×4×(－2)＋5×1＋12×5×4×2＝50. 8．已知等差数列的前三项依次为a ,4,3a ,前n 项和为S n ,且S k ＝110.(1)求a 及k 的值；(2)已知数列{b n }满足b n ＝S n n,证明数列{b n }是等差数列,并求其前n 项和T n . 解：(1)设该等差数列为{a n },则a 1＝a ,a 2＝4,a 3＝3a ,由已知有a ＋3a ＝8,得a 1＝a ＝2,公差d ＝4－2＝2,所以S k ＝ka 1＋k (k －1)2·d ＝2k ＋k (k －1)2×2＝k 2＋k . 由S k ＝110,得k 2＋k －110＝0,解得k ＝10或k ＝－11(舍去),故a ＝2,k ＝10.(2)由(1)得S n ＝n (2＋2n )2＝n (n ＋1), 则b n ＝S n n＝n ＋1, 故b n ＋1－b n ＝(n ＋2)－(n ＋1)＝1,即数列{b n }是首项为2,公差为1的等差数列,所以T n ＝n (2＋n ＋1)2＝n (n ＋3)2. [综合题组练]1．(2019·西安市八校联考)设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S 6>S 7>S 5,则满足S n S n ＋1<0的正整数n 的值为( )A ．10B ．11C ．12D ．13解析：选C.由S 6>S 7>S 5,得S 7＝S 6＋a 7<S 6,S 7＝S 5＋a 6＋a 7>S 5,所以a 7<0,a 6＋a 7>0,所以S 13＝13(a 1＋a 13)2＝13a 7<0,S 12＝12(a 1＋a 12)2＝6(a 6＋a 7)>0,所以S 12S 13<0,即满足S n S n ＋1<0的正整数n 的值为12,故选C. 2．(2019·山西太原模拟)已知数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,点(n ,S n )(n ∈N *)在函数y ＝x 2－10x 的图象上,等差数列{b n }满足b n ＋b n ＋1＝a n (n ∈N *),其前n 项和为T n ,则下列结论正确的是( )A ．S n <2T nB ．b 4＝0C ．T 7>b 7D ．T 5＝T 6解析：选D.因为点(n ,S n )(n ∈N *)在函数y ＝x 2－10x 的图象上,所以S n ＝n 2－10n ,所以a n ＝2n －11,又b n ＋b n ＋1＝a n (n ∈N *),数列{b n }为等差数列,设公差为d ,所以2b 1＋d ＝－9,2b 1＋3d ＝－7,解得b 1＝－5,d ＝1,所以b n ＝n －6,所以b 6＝0,所以T 5＝T 6,故选D.3．(2019·重庆适应性测试(二))设S n 是等差数列{a n }的前n 项和,S 10＝16,S 100－S 90＝24,则S 100＝________．解析：依题意,S 10,S 20－S 10,S 30－S 20,…,S 100－S 90依次成等差数列,设该等差数列的公差为d .又S 10＝16,S 100－S 90＝24,因此S 100－S 90＝24＝16＋(10－1)d ＝16＋9d ,解得d ＝89,因此S 100＝10S 10＋10×92d ＝10×16＋10×92×89＝200. 答案：2004．(创新型)(2019·安徽省淮南模拟)设数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S n S 2n为常数,则称数列{a n }为“精致数列”．已知等差数列{b n }的首项为1,公差不为0,若数列{b n }为“精致数列”,则数列{b n }的通项公式为________．解析：设等差数列{b n }的公差为d ,由S n S 2n 为常数,设S n S 2n ＝k 且b 1＝1,得n ＋12n (n －1)d ＝k ⎣⎡⎦⎤2n ＋12×2n (2n －1)d ,即2＋(n －1)d ＝4k ＋2k (2n －1)d ,整理得(4k －1)dn ＋(2k －1)(2－d )＝0.因为对任意正整数n ,上式恒成立,所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧d (4k －1)＝0，(2k －1)(2－d )＝0，解得d ＝2,k ＝14,所以数列{b n }的通项公式为b n ＝2n －1(n ∈N *)．答案：b n ＝2n －1(n ∈N *)5．已知数列{a n }满足：a 3＝－13,a n ＝a n －1＋4(n ＞1,n ∈N *)．(1)求a 1,a 2及通项公式a n ；(2)设S n 为数列{a n }的前n 项和,则数列S 1,S 2,S 3,…中哪一项最小？ 解：(1)因为数列{a n }满足a 3＝－13,a n ＝a n －1＋4, 所以a n －a n －1＝4,即数列{a n }为等差数列且公差为d ＝4, 所以a 2＝a 3－d ＝－13－4＝－17, a 1＝a 2－d ＝－17－4＝－21,所以通项公式a n ＝a 1＋(n －1)d ＝－21＋4(n －1)＝4n －25.(2)令a n ＝4n －25≥0可解得n ≥254, 所以数列{a n }的前6项为负值,从第7项开始为正数, 所以数列S 1,S 2,S 3,…中S 6最小．6．(2019·洛阳市第一次统一考试)已知数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,a n ≠0,a 1＝1,且2a n a n ＋1＝4S n －3(n ∈N *)．(1)求a 2的值并证明：a n ＋2－a n ＝2；(2)求数列{a n }的通项公式．解：(1)令n ＝1得2a 1a 2＝4S 1－3,又a 1＝1,所以a 2＝12. 2a n a n ＋1＝4S n －3,①2a n ＋1a n ＋2＝4S n ＋1－3.②②－①得,2a n ＋1(a n ＋2－a n )＝4a n ＋1. 因为a n ≠0,所以a n ＋2－a n ＝2.(2)由(1)可知：数列a 1,a 3,a 5,…,a 2k －1,…为等差数列,公差为2,首项为1, 所以a 2k －1＝1＋2(k －1)＝2k －1,即n 为奇数时,a n ＝n .数列a 2,a 4,a 6,…,a 2k ,…为等差数列,公差为2,首项为12,所以a 2k ＝12＋2(k －1)＝2k －32, 即n 为偶数时,a n ＝n －32. 综上所述,a n ＝⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧n ，n 为奇数，n －32，n 为偶数.。
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题图甲为某游乐场的水滑梯，其简化模型如图乙所示。
一质量为m的小朋友从a点沿轨道经b点滑到最低c点，已知ab、bc间高度差均为h。
则小朋友（ ）A．a到b和b到c动能增加量一定相同B．a到b和b到c重力势能减少量一定相同C．a到b和b到c机械能保持不变D．a到c的运动总时间为第(2)题某均匀介质上有两波源A、B，间距3.6m，在外力作用下，A、B两波源持续周期性上下同频振动，振幅分别为4cm和2cm，在t=0时刻观察到AB连线内的波形如图，测得A波波长0.4m，在t=3.0s时两波相遇，则（ ）A．波源A和B起振方向相同B．波在该介质中的传播速度为1m/sC．A、B连线内（不包括A、B）共有17个振动加强点D．当t=5.0s时，A、B连线中心质点O经过的总路程为0.44m第(3)题中国是目前世界上高速铁路运行里程最长的国家，如今高铁已经成为人们主要的跨城出行工具，如图，高铁进站的过程可近似为匀减速直线运动，高铁车头依次经过A、B、C三个位置，已知AB=BC，测得AB段的平均速度为30m/s，BC段平均速度为20m/s。
根据这些信息下列说法正确的是（ ）A．可以确定高铁运动的加速度B．可求出高铁车头在AB段和BC段运动的时间C．可求出高铁车头经过 AB 段和BC段的时间之比D．求不出高铁车头经过A、B，C三个位置的速度第(4)题如图所示，在xOy坐标系中一质量为m的小球绕原点O做顺时针方向圆周运动，半径为R。
一束平行光沿x轴正方向照射小球，在处放置一垂直于x轴的足够大屏幕，观察到影子在y轴方向上的运动满足。
则（ ）A．影子做简谐运动，周期为B．小球做匀速圆周运动的向心力为C．，小球坐标是D．，小球速度沿y轴正方向第(5)题如图所示，两相同光滑斜面体放置在粗糙水平面上，两斜边紧靠且垂直，左侧斜面体与水平面的夹角。
一轻质细杆AB穿有质量为m的小球C，将杆水平置于两斜面体之间，系统恰好处于平衡状态。
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分，在每小题给出的答案中，只有一个符合题目要求。
(共8题)第(1)题四根在同一平面（纸面）内的长直绝缘导线中间围成“口”字形，四条导线中的电流大小相等，方向如图所示。
是“口”字形的中心，和关于点对称，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．导线2和导线4相互排斥B．点的磁感应强度方向垂直纸面向里C．和点磁感应强度相同D．减小导线1的电流，点的磁感应强度增大第(2)题投壶是从先秦延续至清末的中国传统礼仪和宴饮游戏，《礼记传》中提到：“投壶，射之细也，宴饮有射以乐宾，以习容向讲艺也。
”如图所示，甲、乙两人沿水平方向各射出一支箭，箭尖插入壶中时与水平面的夹角分别为和；已知两支箭质量相同，忽略空气阻力、箭长、壶口大小等因素的影响，下列说法正确的是（，，，）（ ）A．若箭在竖直方向下落的高度相等，则甲所射箭落入壶口时速度比乙小B．若箭在竖直方向下落的高度相等，则甲投壶位置距壶的水平距离比乙大C．若两人站在距壶相同水平距离处投壶，甲所投的箭在空中运动时间比乙的短D．若两人站在距壶相同水平距离处投壶，甲所投箭的初速度比乙的大第(3)题1900年，普朗克引入了能量子这一概念，首次提出了能量量子化的思想，以下现象跟能量量子化无关的是（ ）A．原子光谱B．黑体辐射C．雨后彩虹D．光电效应第(4)题设想将来发射一颗人造卫星，能在月球绕地球运动的轨道上稳定运行，该轨道可视为圆轨道．该卫星与月球相比，一定相等的是（）A．质量B．向心力大小C．向心加速度大小D．受到地球的万有引力大小第(5)题根据高中所学知识可知，做自由落体运动的小球，将落在正下方位置，但实际上，赤道上方200m处无初速下落的小球将落在正下方位置偏东约6cm处，这一现象可解释为，除重力外，由于地球自转，下落过程小球还受到一个水平向东的“力”，该“力”与竖直方向的速度大小成正比，现将小球从赤道地面竖直上抛，考虑对称性，上升过程该“力”水平向西，则小球（ ）A．到最高点时，水平方向的加速度和速度均为零B．到最高点时，水平方向的加速度和速度均不为零C．落地点在抛出点东侧D．落地点在抛出点西侧第(6)题小明发现滑步推铅球比原地推铅球可增加约2米的成绩，如图为滑步推铅球过程示意图。
第9章第2讲 圆的方程及直线、圆的位置关系(考题帮.数学理)
第二讲圆的方程及直线、圆的位置关系题组1圆的方程1.[2015新课标全国Ⅱ,7,5分][理]过三点A(1,3),B(4,2),C(1,-7)的圆交y轴于M,N两点,则|MN|=()A.2B.8C.4D.102.[2016天津,12,5分]已知圆C的圆心在x轴的正半轴上,点M(0,)在圆C上,且圆心到直线2x-y=0的距离为,则圆C的方程为.3.[2016浙江,10,6分]已知a∈R,方程a2x2+(a+2)y2+4x+8y+5a=0表示圆,则圆心坐标是,半径是.4.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ,14,5分][理]一个圆经过椭圆+=1的三个顶点,且圆心在x轴的正半轴上,则该圆的标准方程为.5.[2015江苏,10,5分][理]在平面直角坐标系xOy中,以点(1,0)为圆心且与直线mx-y-2m-1=0(m ∈R)相切的所有圆中,半径最大的圆的标准方程为.6.[2017全国卷Ⅲ,20,12分][理]已知抛物线C:y2=2x,过点(2,0)的直线l交C于A,B两点,圆M 是以线段AB为直径的圆.(1)证明:坐标原点O在圆M上;(2)设圆M过点P(4,-2),求直线l与圆M的方程.题组2直线与圆的位置关系7.[2015山东,9,5分][理]一条光线从点(-2,-3)射出,经y轴反射后与圆(x+3)2+(y-2)2=1相切,则反射光线所在直线的斜率为()A.-或-B.-或-C.-或-D.-或-8.[2015重庆,8,5分][理]已知直线l:x+ay-1=0(a∈R)是圆C:x2+y2-4x-2y+1=0的对称轴.过点A (-4,a)作圆C的一条切线,切点为B,则|AB|=()A.2B.4C.6D.29.[2014浙江,5,5分]已知圆x2+y2+2x-2y+a=0截直线x+y+2=0所得弦的长度为4,则实数a的值是()A.-2B.-4C.-6D.-810.[2016全国卷Ⅰ,15,5分]设直线y=x+2a与圆C:x2+y2-2ay-2=0相交于A,B两点,若|AB|=2,则圆C的面积为.11.[2016全国卷Ⅲ,16,5分][理]已知直线l:mx+y+3m-=0与圆x2+y2=12交于A,B两点,过A,B 分别作l的垂线与x轴交于C,D两点.若|AB|=2,则|CD|=.12.[2015重庆,12,5分]若点P(1,2)在以坐标原点为圆心的圆上,则该圆在点P处的切线方程为.13.[2014重庆,13,5分][理]已知直线ax+y-2=0与圆心为C的圆(x-1)2+(y-a)2=4相交于A,B两点,且△ABC为等边三角形,则实数a=.14.[2016江苏,18,16分][理]如图9-2-1,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知以M为圆心的圆M:x2+y2-12x-14y+60=0及其上一点A(2,4).(1)设圆N与x轴相切,与圆M外切,且圆心N在直线x=6上,求圆N的标准方程;(2)设平行于OA的直线l与圆M相交于B,C两点,且BC=OA,求直线l的方程;(3)设点T(t,0)满足:存在圆M上的两点P和Q,使得+=,求实数t的取值范围.图9-2-115.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ,20,12分]已知过点A(0,1)且斜率为k的直线l与圆C:(x-2)2+(y-3)2=1交于M,N两点.(1)求k的取值范围;(2)若·=12,其中O为坐标原点,求|MN|.题组3圆与圆的位置关系16.[2016山东,7,5分]已知圆M:x2+y2-2ay=0(a>0)截直线x+y=0所得线段的长度是2.则圆M与圆N:(x-1)2+(y-1)2=1的位置关系是()A.内切B.相交C.外切D.相离17.[2014湖南,6,5分]若圆C1:x2+y2=1与圆C2:x2+y2-6x-8y+m=0外切,则m=()A.21B.19C.9D.-1118.[2013重庆,7,5分][理]已知圆C1:(x-2)2+(y-3)2=1,圆C2:(x-3)2+(y-4)2=9,M,N分别是圆C1,C2上的动点,P为x轴上的动点,则|PM|+|PN|的最小值为()A.5-4B.-1C.6-2D.19.[2013新课标全国Ⅰ,20,12分][理]已知圆M:(x+1)2+y2=1,圆N:(x-1)2+y2=9,动圆P与圆M 外切并且与圆N内切,圆心P的轨迹为曲线C.(Ⅰ)求C的方程;(Ⅱ)l是与圆P,圆M都相切的一条直线,l与曲线C交于A,B两点,当圆P的半径最长时,求|AB|.A组基础题1.[2017陕西省高三质量检测,5]圆:x2+y2-2x-2y+1=0上的点到直线x-y=2距离的最大值是()A.1+B.2C.1+D.2+22.[2017宁夏银川市教学质量检测,3]已知圆C1:x2+y2=4,圆C2:x2+y2+6x-8y+16=0,则圆C1与圆C2的位置关系是()A.相离B.外切C.相交D.内切3.[2017辽宁省高三第一次质量监测,5]已知直线l:y=k(x+)和圆C:x2+(y-1)2=1,若直线l与圆C相切,则k=()A.0B.C.或0D.或04.[2017长春市高三二检,4]圆(x-2)2+y2=4关于直线y=x对称的圆的方程是()A.(x-)2+(y-1)2=4B.(x-)2+(y-)2=4C.x2+(y-2)2=4D.(x-1)2+(y-)2=45.[2017武汉市四月模拟,10]已知圆C:(x-1)2+(y-4)2=10和点M(5,t),若圆C上存在两点A,B,使得MA⊥MB,则实数t的取值范围为()A.[-2,6]B.[-3,5]C.[2,6]D.[3,5]6.[2017云南11校调考,15]已知动圆C过A(4,0),B(0,-2)两点,圆心C关于直线x+y=0的对称点为M,过点M的直线交圆C于E,F两点,当圆C的面积最小时,|EF|的最小值为.7.[2017桂林、百色、梧州、崇左、北海五市联考,16]设圆C满足:①截y轴所得弦长为2;②被x轴分成两段圆弧,其弧长的比为3∶1;③圆心到直线l:x-2y=0的距离为d.当d最小时,圆C 的面积为.B组提升题8.[2018洛阳市高三第一次统一考试,7]已知圆C:(x-1)2+y2=r2(r>0).设条件p:0<r<3,条件q:圆C上至多有2个点到直线x-y+3=0的距离为1,则p是q的() A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件9.[2017辽宁省部分重点高中第三次联考,5]若直线y=kx与圆(x-2)2+y2=1的两个交点关于直线2x+y+b=0对称,则点(k,b)所在的圆为()A.(x-)2+(y+5)2=1B.(x-)2+(y-5)2=1C.(x+)2+(y-5)2=1D.(x+)2+(y+5)2=110.[2017新疆维吾尔自治区第二次适应性检测,8]设m,n∈R,若直线(m+1)x+(n+1)y-2=0与圆x2+y2=1相切,则m-n的最大值是()A.2B.2C.D.11. [2017江西省南昌市第一次模拟,8]如图9-2-2,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线y=2x+1与圆x2+y2=4相交于A,B两点,则cos∠AOB=()图9-2-2A. B.- C. D.-12.[2017广西南宁市第二次适应性测试,15]过动点M作圆:(x-2)2+(y-2)2=1的切线MN,其中N 为切点,若|MN|=|MO|(O为坐标原点),则|MN|的最小值是.13.[2018湖北省月考,20]已知圆N:(x-1)2+y2=1,点P是曲线y2=2x上的动点,过点P分别向圆N 引切线PA,PB(A,B为切点).(1)若P(2,2),求切线的方程;(2)若切线PA,PB分别交y轴于点Q,R,点P的横坐标大于2,求△PQR的面积S的最小值.答案解得1.C设过A,B,C三点的圆的方程为x2+y2+Dx+Ey+F=0,则--所求圆的方程为x2+y2-2x+4y-20=0,令x=0,得y2+4y-20=0,设M(0,y1),N(0,y2),则-y1+y2=-4,y1y2=-20,所以|MN|=|y1-y2|=-=4.故选C.2.(x-2)2+y2=9设圆心为(a,0)(a>0),则圆心到直线2x-y=0的距离d==,得a=2,半径r=--=3,所以圆C的方程为(x-2)2+y2=9.3.(-2,-4)5由题意可得a2=a+2,解得a=-1或a=2.当a=-1时,方程为x2+y2+4x+8y-5=0,表示圆,故圆心为(-2,-4),半径为5.当a=2时,方程不表示圆.4.(x-)2+y2=由题意知,圆过椭圆的三个顶点(4,0),(0,2),(0,-2),设圆心为(a,0),其中a>0,由4-a=,解得a=,所以该圆的标准方程为(x-)2+y2=.5.(x-1)2+y2=2因为直线mx-y-2m-1=0(m∈R)恒过点(2,-1),所以当点(2,-1)为切点时,半径最大,此时半径r=,故所求圆的标准方程为(x-1)2+y2=2.6.(1)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),l:x=my+2.由可得y2-2my-4=0,则y1y2=-4.又x1=,x2=,故x1x2==4.因此OA的斜率与OB的斜率之积为·=-=-1,所以OA⊥OB.故坐标原点O在圆M上. (2)由(1)可得y1+y2=2m,x1+x2=m(y1+y2)+4=2m2+4.故圆心M的坐标为(m2+2,m),圆M的半径r=.由于圆M过点P(4,-2),所以·=0,故(x1-4)(x2-4)+(y1+2)(y2+2)=0,即x1x2-4(x1+x2)+y1y2+2(y1+y2)+20=0.由(1)可得y1y2=-4,x1x2=4.所以2m2-m-1=0,解得m=1或m=-.当m=1时,直线l的方程为x-y-2=0,圆心M的坐标为(3,1),圆M的半径为,圆M的方程为(x-3)2+(y-1)2=10.当m=-时,直线l的方程为2x+y-4=0,圆心M的坐标为(,-),圆M的半径为,圆M的方程为(x-)2+(y+)2=.7.D圆(x+3)2+(y-2)2=1的圆心为(-3,2),半径r=1.作出点(-2,-3)关于y轴的对称点(2,-3).由题意可知,反射光线的反向延长线一定经过点(2,-3).设反射光线的斜率为k,则反射光线所在直线的方程为y-(-3)=k(x-2),即kx-y-2k-3=0.由反射光线与圆相切可得=1,即|5k+5|=,整理得12k2+25k+12=0,即(3k+4)(4k+3)=0,解得k=-或k=-.故选D.8.C由题意得圆C的标准方程为(x-2)2+(y-1)2=4,所以圆C的圆心为(2,1),半径为2.因为直线l为圆C的对称轴,所以圆心在直线l上,则2+a-1=0,解得a=-1,所以|AB|2=|AC|2-|BC|2=(-4-2)2+(-1-1)2-4=36,所以|AB|=6,故选C.9.B圆的标准方程为(x+1)2+(y-1)2=2-a,圆心C(-1,1),半径r满足r2=2-a,则圆心C到直线x+y+2=0的距离d==,所以r2=4+2=2-a,解得a=-4.故选B.10.4π圆C的方程可化为x2+(y-a)2=a2+2,可得圆心的坐标为C(0,a),半径r=,所以圆心到直线x-y+2a=0的距离为=,所以()2+()2=()2,解得a2=2,所以圆C的半径为2,所以圆C的面积为4π.11.4设圆心到直线l:mx+y+3m-=0的距离为d,则弦长|AB|=2-=2,解得d=3,即=3,解得m=-,则直线l:x-y+6=0,数形结合可得|CD|==4.12.x+2y-5=0由题意,得k OP=-=2,则该圆在点P处的切线方程的斜率为-,所以所求切线方-程为y-2=-(x-1),即x+2y-5=0.13.4±依题意,圆C的半径是2,圆心C(1,a)到直线ax+y-2=0的距离等于×2=,于是有=,即a2-8a+1=0,解得a=4±.14.圆M的标准方程为(x-6)2+(y-7)2=25,所以圆心为M(6,7),半径为5.(1)由圆心N在直线x=6上,可设N(6,y0).因为圆N与x轴相切,与圆M外切,所以0<y0<7,圆N 的半径为y0,从而7-y0=5+y0,解得y0=1.因此,圆N的标准方程为(x-6)2+(y-1)2=1.(2)因为直线l∥OA,所以直线l的斜率为--=2.设直线l的方程为y=2x+m,即2x-y+m=0,则圆心M到直线l的距离d==.因为BC=OA==2,而MC2=d2+()2,所以25=+5,解得m=5或m=-15.故直线l的方程为2x-y+5=0或2x-y-15=0.(3)设P(x1,y1),Q(x2,y2).因为A(2,4),T(t,0),+=,所以-①②因为点Q在圆M上,所以(x2-6)2+(y2-7)2=25③.将①②代入③,得(x1-t-4)2+(y1-3)2=25.于是点P(x1,y1)既在圆M上,又在圆[x-(t+4)]2+(y-3)2=25上, 从而圆(x-6)2+(y-7)2=25与圆[x-(t+4)]2+(y-3)2=25有公共点,所以5-5≤--≤5+5,解得2-2≤t≤2+2.因此,实数t的取值范围是[2-2,2+2].15.(1)由题设,可知直线l的方程为y=kx+1.因为直线l与圆C交于两点,所以<1.解得-<k<.所以k的取值范围为(-,).(2)设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2).将y=kx+1代入圆C的方程(x-2)2+(y-3)2=1,整理得(1+k2)x2-4(1+k)x+7=0.所以x1+x2=,x1x2=.·=x1x2+y1y2=(1+k2)x1x2+k(x1+x2)+1=+8.由题设可得+8=12,解得k=1,所以l的方程为y=x+1.故圆C的圆心(2,3)在l上,所以|MN|=2.16.B由题意知圆M:x2+(y-a)2=a2,圆心(0,a)到直线x+y=0的距离d=,所以2-=2,解得a=2.圆M、圆N的圆心距|MN|=,两圆半径之差为1,故两圆相交.故选B.17.C圆C1的圆心是原点(0,0),半径r1=1,圆C2:(x-3)2+(y-4)2=25-m,圆心C2(3,4),半径r2=-,由两圆外切,得|C1C2|=r1+r2=1+-=5,所以m=9.故选C.18.A两圆的圆心均在第一象限,先求|PC1|+|PC2|的最小值,作点C1关于x轴的对称点C'1(2,-3),则(|PC1|+|PC2|)min=|C'1C2|=5,所以(|PM|+|PN|)min=5-(1+3)=5-4.故选A. 19.由已知得圆M的圆心为M(-1,0),半径长r1=1;圆N的圆心为N(1,0),半径长r2=3.设圆P的圆心为P(x,y),半径为R.(Ⅰ)因为圆P与圆M外切并且与圆N内切,所以|PM|+|PN|=(R+r1)+(r2-R)=r1+r2=4.由椭圆的定义可知,曲线C是以M,N为左、右焦点,长半轴长为2,短半轴长为的椭圆(左顶点除外),其方程为+=1(x≠-2).(Ⅱ)对于曲线C上任意一点P(x,y),由于|PM|-|PN|=2R-2≤2 所以R≤2 当且仅当圆P的圆心为(2,0)时,R=2.所以当圆P的半径最长时,其方程为(x-2)2+y2=4.若l的倾斜角为90°,则l与y轴重合,可得|AB|=2.若l的倾斜角不为90°,由r1≠R知,l不平行于x轴,设l与x轴的交点为Q,则=,可求得Q(-4,0),所以可设l:y=k(x+4).由l与圆M相切,得=1,解得k=±.当k=时,将y=x+代入+=1,整理得7x2+8x-8=0,解得x1,2=-.所以|AB|=2-x1|=.当k=-时,由图形的对称性可知|AB|=.综上,|AB|=2或|AB|=.A组基础题1.A将圆的方程化为(x-1)2+(y-1)2=1,即圆心坐标为(1,1),半径为1,则圆心到直线x-y=2的距离d==,故圆上的点到直线x-y=2距离的最大值为1+d=1+,故选A.2.B易知圆C2的标准方程为(x+3)2+(y-4)2=9,则圆C1与C2的圆心的距离为=5,又两圆半径之和为2+3=5,所以圆C1与圆C2外切,故选B.3.D因为直线l与圆C相切,所以圆心C到直线l的距离d==1,即|-1+k|=,解得k=0或k=,故选D.4.D解法一圆与圆关于直线对称,则圆的半径相同,只需圆心关于直线对称即可.设所求圆的圆心坐标为(a,b),则---解得所以圆(x-2)2+y2=4的圆心关于直线y=x对称的点的坐标为(1,),从而所求圆的方程为(x-1)2+-=4,选D.解法二由于两圆关于直线对称,因此两圆心的连线必与该直线垂直,则两圆心连线的斜率为-,备选项中只有选项D中的圆心与已知圆的圆心连线的斜率为-,选D.5.C当MA,MB与圆相切时,|CM|=--=,由题意,圆C上存在两点使MA⊥MB,则|CM|=--≤,解得2≤t≤6 故选C.6.2依题意知,动圆C的半径不小于|AB|=,即当圆C的面积最小时,AB是圆C的一条直径,此时点C是线段AB的中点,即点C(2,-1),点M的坐标为(1,-2),且|CM|=--=<,所以点M位于圆C内,当点M为线段EF的中点(过定圆内一定点作圆的弦,以该定点为中点的弦最短)时,|EF|最小,其最小值等于2-=2.7.2π设圆C的圆心为C(a,b),半径为r,则点C到x轴、y轴的距离分别为|b|,|a|.由题设知圆C截x轴所得劣弧所对的圆心角为90°,圆C截x轴所得的弦长为r,故r2=2b2,又圆C截y 轴所得的弦长为2,所以r2=a2+1,从而得2b2-a2=1.又点C(a,b)到直线x-2y=0的距离d=,所以5d2=(a-2b)2=a2+4b2-4ab≥a2+4b2-2(a2+b2)=2b2-a2=1,当且仅当-即a2=b2=1时等号成立,此时d取得最小值,r2=2,圆C的面积为2π.B组提升题8. C圆C:(x-1)2+y2=r2的圆心(1,0)到直线x-y+3=0的距离d==2.当0<r<1时,直线在圆外,圆上没有点到直线的距离为1;当r=1时,直线在圆外,圆上只有1个点到直线的距离为1;当1<r<2时,直线在圆外,此时圆上有2个点到直线的距离为1;当r=2时,直线与圆相切,此时圆上有2个点到直线的距离为1;当2<r<3时,直线与圆相交,此时圆上有2个点到直线的距离为1.综上,当0<r<3时,圆C上至多有2个点到直线x-y+3=0的距离为1,由圆C上至多有2个点到直线x-y+3=0的距离为1可得0<r<3,故p是q的充要条件,故选C.9.A由题意知直线y=kx与直线2x+y+b=0互相垂直,所以k=.又圆上两点关于直线2x+y+b=0对称,故直线2x+y+b=0过圆心(2,0),所以b=-4,结合选项可知,点(,-4)在圆(x-)2+(y+5)2=1上,故选A.10.A依题意得,圆心(0,0)到直线(m+1)x+(n+1)y-2=0的距离等于圆的半径1,于是有=1,即(m+1)2+(n+1)2=4,设m+1=2cos θ,n+1=2sin θ,则m-n=(m+1)-(n+1)=2cos θ-2sin θ=2cos(θ+ ≤2,当且仅当cos(θ+)=1时取等号,因此m-n的最大值是2,故选A.11.D解法一因为圆x2+y2=4的圆心为O(0,0),半径为2,所以圆心O到直线y=2x+1的距离d=-=,所以弦长|AB|=2-=2.在△AOB中,由余弦定理得cos∠AOB=-=-=-.解法二取AB的中点D,连接OD,则OD⊥AB,且∠AOB=2∠AOD,又圆心到直线的距离d=-=,即|OD|=,所以cos∠AOD==,故cos∠AOB=2cos2∠AOD-1=2()2-1=-.故选D.12.解法一由题意知圆的圆心为(2,2),半径为1.设M(x,y),则|MO|=,|MN|=---.由|MN|=|MO|,得4x+4y-7=0,即y=-x,所以|MN|=|MO|==-=-=-,当x=时,|MN|取得最小值=.解法二由题意知圆的圆心为(2,2),半径为1.设M(x,y),则|MO|=,|MN|=---.由|MN|=|MO|,得4x+4y-7=0,即点M的轨迹为4x+4y-7=0,则由题意知,要使|MN|取得最小值,即|MO|取得最小值,此时|MO|的最小值就是原点到直线4x+4y-7=0的距离,即=,故|MN|的最小值为.13.(1)由题意知,圆N的圆心为(1,0),半径为1.因为P(2,2),所以其中一条切线的方程为x=2.设另一条切线的斜率为k,则其方程为y-2=k(x-2),即y=kx+2-2k, 圆心(1,0)到切线的距离d==1,解得k=,此时切线的方程为y=x+.综上,切线的方程为x=2或y=x+.(2)设P(x0,y0)(x0>2),则=2x0,Q(0,a),R(0,b),则k PQ=-,所以直线PQ的方程为y=-x+a,即(y0-a)x-x0y+ax0=0.因为直线PQ与圆N相切,所以-=1,即(x0-2)a2+2y0a-x0=0.同理,由直线PR与圆N相切,得(x0-2)b2+2y0b-x0=0,所以a,b是方程(x0-2)x2+2y0x-x0=0的两根,其判别式Δ=4+4x0(x0-2)=4>0,a+b=--,ab=--,则|QR|=|a-b|=-=-,S=|QR|x0=-=--=x0-2+-+4≥8当且仅当x0=4时,S min=8.。
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题
2023届河南省洛阳市高三第一次统一考试物理试题一、单选题：本题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示为某发电站输电示意图，发电机输出电压恒定，变压器均为理想变压器，在输电线路的起始端接入甲、乙两个理想互感器，甲、乙两互感器原副线圈的匝数比分别为200：1和1：20，降压变压器原副线圈匝数比为200：1，电压表的示数为220V，电流表的示数为5A，输电线路总电阻r=20Ω。
则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．互感器甲中圈内接入电流表，互感器乙圈内接入电压表B．输电线路上损耗的功半约占输电总功率的6%C．用户端的电压U4为200VD．用电高峰相对平时用电时，用户端的电压偏小第(2)题如图示，某运动员在足球场上进行“带球突破”训练。
运动员沿边线将足球向前踢出，足球沿边线运动，为控制足球，又向前追上足球，下列可能反映此过程的v-t图像和x-t图像是（ ）A．B．C．D．第(3)题铑106的半衰期约370天，衰变方程为，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．根据题中方程式无法判断X粒子的种类B．采取低温冷冻的措施可适当降低辐射风险和辐射剂量C．的比结合能比的比结合能大，衰变时释放能量D．任意370天中，1000个原子核将会有500个发生衰变第(4)题如图所示，A为静止于地球赤道上的物体，B为地球同步卫星，C为赤道平面内沿椭圆轨道运行的卫星，为B、C两卫星轨道的交点．下列说法中正确的是（ ）A．卫星B的运行速率等于物体A的速率B．物体A和卫星B的加速度大小相等C．卫星C在近地点的运行速率大于卫星B的运行速率D．卫星B在点的加速度小于卫星C在点的加速度第(5)题如图，水平带电平面上方有一质量为、带电量为的点电荷，当它在点时所受合力为零。
点与平面的垂直距离为和分别为静电力常量和重力加速度，则与点对称的点处的电场强度为（ ）A．B．C．D．第(6)题如图所示，两小球从斜面的顶点先后以不同的初速度向右水平抛出，在斜面上的落点分别是a和b，不计空气阻力。
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高三一练试卷及答案
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高中三年级第一次统一考试历史试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,全卷共8页,共100分,考试时间为90分钟。
第I卷(选择题,共48分)注意事项:1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,不能答在试题卷上。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
一、选择题(每题1.5分,共48分)1.有学者认为，西周政治里显然有着浓厚的贵族色彩,而“共主”名义的地方分权体制……与秦以后一统的君主“独制”格局泾渭分明。
据此可知，西周时期A.贵族宗法血缘关系有所松动B.君主对地方的掌控能力有限C.奠定中国大一统的政治基础D.中央集权与地方分权相结合2.春秋战国时期,思想家们突破了西周“天命”、“天道”的观念，无论是孔子的“克己复礼”还是韩非子的“法治”，都把视线从天上转到了人世。
这反映了当时A.社会剧变促使人们抛弃迷信思想B.君权神授的思想受到极大冲击C.时局变动促进了社会文化多元性D.政治意识适应社会变革的现实3.据统计,目前已发现出土于东汉时期的铁犁和牛耕图有50多处，分布在豫、陕、冀、晋、鲁、皖、苏、辽、内蒙、甘、新、川、贵、粤、闽等15个省区。
由此可知，东汉时期A.农业生产力水平提高B.北民南迁推广了农业技术C.牛耕技术已遍及全国D.边疆地区与内地联系密切4.唐代确立了严格的官吏致仕(退休)制度，官吏致仕的法定年龄为七十岁，或“年虽少,形容衰老者,亦听致仕”。
五品以上的官致仕，直接奏皇帝批准，六品以下则由尚书省奏皇帝批准。
这一制度A.有利于官员结构的调整B.打击了士族的垄断地位C.加重了政府的财政负担D.强化了君主集权的制度5.宋朝时期，音乐的教化功能逐渐减弱,庄严、正经的宫廷音乐逐渐让位于市井音乐(类似于流行音乐)，通俗化、面向生活的风俗画也成为当时画坛的最大亮点。
2018-2019学年高三iread试卷2（含答案）
试卷编号：190022019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Story of LegoThe world-famous LEGO company has its origins in the workshop of a poor Danish carpenter, Ole Kirk Christiansen in the first half of the 20th century. Despite these humblebeginnings, it (21)__________ (grow) to become one of the most popular toys of all time.Ole, the tenth son in the family, earned a living (22) __________ (make) toys with his father. Finally,he became a master carpenter and in 1932 he set up (23) __________own business. He called thecompany LEGO,（24) __________means 'play weir in Danish. Unfortunately, ten years later his factoryburned down. However, despite being under great financial pressure, Ole had it (25) __________ (rebuild). This took three years and during that time he learnt of a British company whichspecialized in plastic moulding machines. (26) __________his managers thought they were tooexpensive, Ole still bought one. It was worth the investment. At the end of the decade, the company was producing a successful range of toys and interlocking bricks, an d Ole‟s son, Godtfred, had joined him in the business.Sadly, Ole didn‟t see (27) __________successful his company later became. He died at the age of66 and Godtfred became managing director. The modem brick design (28) __________ (patent) on 28January 1958, and bricks from that year are still compatible (兼容的) to bricks today.Unbelievably, in the 1960s, the LEGO factory was struck by lightning and burned to the ground again. After this, Godtfred had to rethink the direction of the company. This time,(29) __________the advice of his directors, he decided to concentrate mainly on the hugely successfulinterlocking plastic bricks.Godtfred's son, Kjeld, is the current Deputy-Chairman and (30) __________ (celebrate) thecompany's 80th anniversary, a short animate d film called “The LEGO story” was released in August 2012.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatOxford English Dictionary Adds New WordsIn June, the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED, added about 1,000 words and new definitions to its website. The changes are to help users understand a(n) 31__________ of terms, some dating back many centuries. The additions include words such as “brencheese”, “deathshildy” and “hip-pop.”The new entries are part of the company‟s update to , its 32 __________online dictionary for paid members. The OED makes changes to the website four times each year.But the latest print version has been in 33__________ since the year 2000, and may not be ready for 10 more years. That information comes from Katherine Connor Martin, who heads the company's dictionary operations in the United States.Usually, the OED watches 34 __________of a word for at least 10 years before deciding whether to add a new entry, new definition or word related to a(n) 35__________ entry, she said. This general rule, however, is sometimes not36__________. That is what happened with “tweet,” a word that the OED added far before the 10-year mark.Other times, the company adds words that are very old, but were not included in the dictionary in the past, "it's funny because we talk about new words, but many of the words we add are already old. It‟s just that they were never in the dictionary before,” Martin told the Associated Press.That is the reality, she said, of a(n) 37 __________dictionary trying to put more than 1,000 years of English into books that already have over 855,000 entries. So, you get “brencheese,” a rarely used term for when bread a nd cheese are eaten together. The word dates back to the year 1665. The word “deathshildy” is from Old English. It means someone who is 38__________ of a serious crime and sentenced to death.The website defines the term “hip-pop” for music that has 39__________ parts of hip-hop and popular music. The OED discovered the term “hip-hip pop” was used in a 1985 story from a Pennsylvania newspaper. It 40__________ that the term “hip-pop” appeared in a 1991 U.S. newspaper report about the rap artist M.C. Hammer.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Once upon a time, much of the world was populated by wolves. They ranged all over the United States and Canada, Siberia and much of mainland Europe, as well as Great Britain, and if humans hadn't come along, they would still be there 41__________. But man did come along, farmedthe land, 42__________ the wolves , killing their livestockand so gradually drove them out of thehomes that had once been theirs.Wolves are not 43__________ in our language and our literature, however. In fairy stories, they are seen as evil and dangerous, always 44__________ to eat people. Remember the time when Little Red Riding Hood thinks that a wolf is her grandmother? 'What big teeth you've got, grandmother? ‟she says, and the wolf, disguised as her grandmother, shouts back, “All the better to eat you with, my dear!‟If you really want to see what English-speaking humans think of the wolf, just look at the 45__________! …A wolf in sheep‟s clothing‟ is not a pleasant person and a …wolf-whistle‟ is not a pleasant sound!Y et wolves are totally unlike the image we have of them from legend and language. For a start, they don't 46__________ humans; indeed they do their best to keep out of our way. They are very sociable animals, living in packs and looking after their young with a fondness that should make some humans 47__________ themselves. Far from wolf music being 48__________ , the howl of the wolf--the cry of the whole pack—as the full moon rises is one of the most beautiful sounds in nature. They are beautiful creatures which can run at speeds of up to 65 kph if they have to. They can jump up and run up rock faces like a cat. And when they do 49__________ , their 42 large teeth are fearsomely effective.But the 50__________ remains that we love the lion, the king of the jungle, while we demonise (妖魔化）the wolf, one of the most beautiful animals in the world. Only 51__________ do writers treat them nicely; 52 __________ a she-wolf is supposed to have fed the twins Remus and Romulus, who went on to found the city of Rome.And so, while man kills animals in their millions, often just for the fun of it, the wolf on the mountain, out in the wilderness, running over the Siberian wastes, represents a state of natural 53___________ that we do not know and can never obtain, even though we 54__________ it in our hearts. Perhaps that's why, in the end, we 55__________ the wolf so much一for having something we can never get our hands on.41. A. on a regular basis B. to a small extentC. in great numbersD. beyond certain limits42. A. succeeded in B. identified with C. figured out D. objected to43. A. killers B. victims C. characters D. mistakes44. A. reluctant B. ready C. unlikely D. sure45. A. language B. behavior C. teaching D. learning46. A. avoid B. frighten C. attack D. protect47. A. surprised at B. pleased with C. ashamed of D. interested in48. A. ugly B. loud C. musical D. soft49. A. run B. kill C. jump D. cry50. A. possibility B. mystery C. evidence D. fact51. A. occasionally B. recently C. immediately D. finally52. A. on the whole B. in addition C. even so D. for example53. A. duty B. grace C. competition D. level54. A. dream of B. live by C. fight against D. learn from55. A. cage B. keep C. hate D. noticeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Khao San Road woke early. At five, car horns began sounding off in the street outside. Then the water pipes under the floor started to rattle as the guest-house staff took their showers. I even could hear their conversations.Lying on my bed, listening to the morning noises, the tension of the previous night became unreal and distant. Although I couldn't understand what the staff were saying to each other, their occasional laughter conveyed a sense of normality: they were doing what they did every morning, their thoughts connected only to routine. I imagined they might be discussing who would go for kitchen supplies in the market that day or who would be sweeping the halls.Around five-thirty a few bedroom-door bolts clicked open as the early-bird travellers emerged and the die-hard party goers from Patpong returned. I rea lised that the dreamless snatches of sleep I‟d managed were finished, so I decided to get up and have breakfast.There were already a few travellers at the tables, drinking glasses of black coffee. I began studying the menu, a once white sheet of A4 paper with such an excessive list of dishes I felt making a choice was beyond my ability. Then I was distracted by a delicious smell. A kitchen boy had wandered over with a tray of fruit pancakes. He distributed them to a group of Americans, cutting off a good-natured argument about train times to Ciang Mai.One of them noticed me eyeing their food and he pointed at his plate. …Banana pancakes,‟ he said. …The business.‟I nodded. They smell pretty good.，…T aste better. English?‟…Uh，huh.，…Been here long?‟'Since yesterday evening. Y ou?”“A week‟, he replied, and popped a piece of pancake in his mouth, looking away as he did so. I guessed that signaled the end of the exchange.The kitchen boy came over to my table and stood there, gazing at me expectantly through sleepy eyes."One banana pancake, please,' I said, obliged into making a quick decision.…Y ou wan‟ order one banan‟ pancake?‟…Please.‟…Y ou wan‟ order drink?‟…Uh, a Coke. No, a Sprite‟…Y ou wan‟ one banan‟ pancake, one Spri.‟“Please.”He walked back towards the kitchen, and a sudden feeling of happiness washed over me.56. The writer described the morning noises in order to__________.A. imply that he didn‟t sleep wellB. predict the morning would be differentC. compare the city's morning and nightD. show what a terrible dream he had57. According to the writer, what were the staff talking about?A. Their daily work.B. Their strange guests.C. Their normal supplies.D. Their night experience.58. The American let the writer know that he wouldn‟t like to go on with the conversation by__________A. asking the writer about the pancakeB. telling the writer what he likedC. stopping looking at the writerD. commenting on the pancake59. By the end of the passage, the writer felt he had recovered from __________.A. the depressionB. the nervousnessC. the injuryD. the tiredness(B)I have beard that it takes many more muscles to frown（皱眉头）than to smile. Is it true，and does that mean that smiling is easier?Phil Discarson, Preston, EnglandI read on a website () that the opposite is true. According to someone called Doctor Song, a plastic surgeon, you use 12 main muscles for a genuine smile, but only 11 for a frown. But he says that even though we use more muscles to smile, ifs actually easier because, since we smile more often than we frown, our smiling muscles are in better condition.Carl Preston, San Francisco, USA It depends what you mean by smiling. Remember that line from Shakespeare, “a man may smile and smile and be a villain' —I think it^ from his play Hamlet. Anyone can look as if they are smiling by using the zygomaticus major and minor (they pull up the comers of the mouth), the levator labii super ions (which pull up the mouth and the comers of the nose) and the risorius (which pulls the comer of the mouth to one side). But that's not a real smile. A real smile uses the orbicularis oculi, which encircle each eye, and so when you smile like this, these muscles tighten the skin round the eye to give that …crinkling‟ effect which creates …laughter‟ lines. That‟s a REAL smile!Sarah Green (Dr), Birmingham, UK Counting the muscles，it takes to smile and frown isn‟t the issue，for me. I am more interested in the fact that you can find examples of the saying that …it takes less effort to smile than to frown‟ as far back as the 19th century. That‟s because it‟s a piece of advice, not a scientific fact. …Smile, and the world smiles with you? is another saying like that. Others say that if you smile, you will almost always feel happier. So which comes first, the smile or the happiness?Well I just read some research, which said that when we smile (or frown), our bodies get the message, even if we are only pretending. Apparently, they got some people to pretend to be angry, sad, sick, etc., and use the appropriate facial expressions, and measured what happened to their bodies. And the unbelievable thing was that even though the test subjects knew they were acting, their bodies didn't. Their heart rates increased, their skin temperature got hotter and there were signs of sweating—all physical signals of real anger, etc.Felicity Poole, Amsterdam, Holland60. What can be concluded from the three replies to Phil Discarson‟s question?A. It is self-evident that frowning needs more muscles than smiling.B. More research has been carried out about smiling than frowning.C. There is no agreement as to whether frowning or smiling is easier.D. Adequate evidence has been found that smiling is better than frowning.61. According to Sarah Green, a real smile uses muscles that will have effect on______________.A. the comers of the mouthB. the comers of the noseC. the eyesD. the lines on the cheeks62. According to Felicity Poole, which of the following statements is true?A. Forced smiles cause harm to our bodies.B. Our bodies will mistake a false smile to be a real one.C. Pretending to smile will serve the opposite purpose.D. Smiles usually come later than happiness.(C)How long have we had a soft spot for dogs? A reanalysis of a prehistoric dog that was buried with two people reveals that the animal had experienced several bouts of potentially fatal illnesses, but it survived.The Bonn-Oberkassel dog was unearthed a century ago in Germany. It was buried alongside the remains of a man in his 40s and a woman in her 20s, and all are about 14,200 years old. The animal probably lived long after dogs were domesticated, as evidence for this process stretches back at least 32,000 years. But the Bonn-Oberkassel dog is still important because it is the oldest known dog burial, says Luc Janssens at Ghent University in Belgium, which means it can help us understand why dogs were domesticated.A common assumption is that prehistoric humans domesticated dogs to put them to work, helping with hunting, guarding settlements or used as pack animals for transport. However, Janssens and his colleagues say there is an alternative: we domesticated dogs simply because we liked having them as pets.Their reanalysis of the dog reveals it had terrible oral health. Although only about 7 months old when it died, the dog had experienced three bouts of severe illness when it was between 19 and 23 weeks old. “The first infection would be enough to be fatal to most dogs in the wild,” says Janssens. “Then came two extra bouts, and the probability that the animal would survive without human help is very, very low.”The researchers argue that the sick puppy would have been unable to do any useful work. In fact, keeping it alive was probably an unpleasant burden on its owners: it might have vomited 吐）regularly and had diarrhoea（腹泻）.Its survival hints that its owners felt a bond of friendship，just like a modem dog owner. “This is the first time we find evidence to suggest that dogs were treated emotionally without expectation of any benefit,” says Janssens.Bonds of friendship may have helped drive domestication, says Mietje Germonpre at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels. “Baby wolves could have been …adopted‟ to provide company,” she says.“This raising of baby wolves as pets could have been a stepping stone，together with other motivations, on the pathway to the domestication of the dog.”It is significant that the dog was buried, says Pat Shipman at Pennsylvania State University. 、…When yo u start burying animals，it indicates a special relationship of some kind.” Nevertheless，Shipman says we can‟t rule out the possibility that the Bonn-Oberkassel dog was - or could have become - a useful working dog, which might explain why its owners cared for it through its illness, in the hope that it would recover.63. Which of the following statements is true of The Bonn-Oberkassel dog?A. It lived longer than the dogs of its time.B. It was taken good care of by its owners.C. It had a terrible problem with its eyes.D. It was once used for transportation.64. According to Luc Janssens, why is the Bonn-Oberkassel dog important?A. It was unearthed almost 100 years ago.B. It was among those earliest domesticated dogs.C. It can lead to new perspectives on dogs‟ domestication.D. It can help people understand why dogs were buried with humans.65. Which of the following statements is Pat Shipment most likely to agree with?A. We can't say for sure that the Bonn-Oberkassel dog wasn't a working dog.B. Domestication has turned out to be a stepping stone to bonds of friendship.C. It is no more than 10,000 years since humans started to bury animals.D. Dog owners have long been known to be more caring than others.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How dogs were domesticatedB. Ancient humans loved their dogsC. The changing human-dog relationshipD. Why dogs became pets while wolves didn‟tSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The sale of this work, in 2004, made him the second most expensive living artist.B. Throughout the nineties, it was Saatchi‟s support that certainly contributed to Hirst‟s success.C. Despite the breakdown of the relationship between Saatchi and Hirst, the artistes popularity continues to grow steadily.D. One critic has said that a stuffed animal on the wall is more art than the work of Hirst.E. This is because he sees the real creative act as being the idea, not the actual making of the piece.F. Hirst outdid his previous sale when Lullaby Spring was sold for £50m to an unknown investment group.Damien Hirst--Artist or Businessman?Born in Bristol on 7 June 1965, Damien Hirst is the best known member of the group that has been called the w Y oung British Artists,. Damien became known after the collector Cahrles Saatchi started supporting his work. His work was first shown in 1992 in the first Y oung British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London. _____67_____ Hirst's first major work was titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living and was a large dead tiger shark in a glass tank. _____68_____ In June 2007, Hirst became the most expensive living artist with the sale of a medicine chest, Lullaby Springy for £9.65m at Sotheby's in London.What makes Hirst so controversial(有争议的)is that he is often accused of becomingsuccessful because of work done by other people. It is true that he has many assistants working with him and Hirst believes their work is also his work. ______69____ Therefore, it is the creator of the idea who is the artist.There has also been much discussion on whether Hirst‟s work is art or not. ____70______There is also a group of artists who are against the work of Hirst. Called the Stuckists, in 2003 they opened an exhibition, which showed a shark in the window of the front of a shop. Named A Dead Shark Isn‟t Art, the Stuckists showed that this was a real shop window that Hirst may have often walked past at some time in his life before creating The Physical Impossibility...IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.When Is the Mona Lisa Not the Mona Lisa?How many Mona Lisa paintings do you think there are in the world today? Just the one? I don't think so. The truth is that there are probably many, many Mona Lisa's hanging on walls or in studios. Of course only one was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci but the art of copying is very common in the art world.In fact it is true to say that artists have been copying from other artists for hundreds if not thousands of years. Traditionally, it was normal for artists to copy other artists' paintings. This was a way of making sure historical, religious and artistic traditions were available for future generations. It was considered normal for an artist in training to practise by copying the work of other great artists.Historically, the purpose of art was for historical or religious reference. Most of the time no one cared who painted the paintings. This is why we find it difficult to identify the artists behind some of the greatest older paintings. Paintings were usually commissioned by the church or state, not b\ individuals so the name of the artist was really unimportant.However, from around the 16th century the church and state became poorer and money found its way into the hands of rich individuals. These individuals, as a means of showing their place in society or a knowledge of art, drastically increased the demand for art. Suddenly more and more artists were needed and people competed to buy the paintings of certain individual artists. These created people whose job it was to buy and sell paintings. It also created galleries and auction houses. Suddenly art was a business and at its centre was money.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.飞行过程中，手机可以不关机。
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统考(1月)生物试题
洛阳市2019—2020学年高中三年级第一次统一考试生物试卷一、选择题1.下列有关细胞组成成分、结构或功能的叙述，错误的是（）A. 糖蛋白、糖脂、甲胎蛋白都可能是细胞膜上的成分B. 真核细胞内有的蛋白质可以与DNA或RNA分子结合C. 高尔基体形成的囊泡内包含的物质成分均为蛋白质D. 溶酶体内含有的水解酶与细胞凋亡有密切关系2.下列关于绿色植物光合作用的叙述，正确的是（）A. 光合作用过程使光能转变为ATP进而转变为糖类等有机物B. 光反应阶段在有光时进行，暗反应阶段在无光时才能进行C. 用蒸馏水对植物进行水培，植物光合作用强度会受到影响D. 给植物光合作用提供H2l8O，则在空气的CO2中检测不到18O3.莴苣种子的萌发受光照的影响，下表是交替暴露在红光和远红光下莴苣种子的萌发率（2℃下，连续lmin 的红光和4min的远红光照射，R—红光，FR—远红光）。
下列说法正确的是（）A. 该实验可以说明光是莴苣种子萌发的必要条件B. 莴苣种子萌发率的高低取决于最后一次曝光的光波长C. 莴苣种子在远红光下萌发率高，红光下萌发率低D. 延长相同方式的光照处理时间，可以提高莴苣种子的萌发率4.根据孟德尔的遗传定律，判断下列表述中正确的是（）A. 隐性性状是指生物体不能表现出来的性状B. 基因的自由组合发生在合子形成的过程中C. 表现型相同的生物，基因型一定相同D. 控制不同性状的基因的遗传互不干扰5.下列关于生物变异的说法，错误的是（）A. 基因突变即基因的碱基数目或排列顺序发生改变B. 雄蜂的—个精原细胞进行减数分裂可产生2个正常精子C. 联会时的交叉互换，实现了染色体上等位基因的重新组合D. 果蝇棒状眼的形成是染色体某一片段增加引起的6.生物进化是指一切生命形态发生、发展的演变过程，下列叙述正确的是（）A. 在稳定的环境中生物不会发生进化，更不会形成新物种B. 突变和基因重组只通过有性生殖为生物进化提供原材料C. 存在捕食关系的两种生物共同进化对被捕食者是有利的D. 二倍体马和二倍体驴杂交产生的二倍体骡子属于新物种7.下列有关激素的说法，正确的是（）A. 激素都是由内分泌器官或细胞分泌的B. 激素都随体液运输作用于靶器官、靶细胞，C. 激素都能调节靶细胞的代谢速率，使其加快D. 激素都是微量、高效的有机物8.下列关于人类免疫活动的说法，正确的是（）A. 人类特异性免疫的作用远远大于非特异性免疫的作用B. 病毒侵入机体细胞后只要靠细胞免疫就能被消灭清除C. 过敏原第二次进入机体能引发更强的特异性免疫反应D. T细胞和B细胞增殖分化形成的细胞都有识别相应抗原的能力9.下列生产实践措施不是利用生态系统中信息传递的是（）A. 利用音响设备发出不同声音信号来诱捕或驱赶某些动物B. 通过控制日照时间长短来调控植物开花时间C. 利用昆虫信息素诱捕或警示有害动物D. 通过给黄麻喷洒—定浓度的赤霉索溶液来提高其产量10.如图所示，将对称叶片左侧遮光，右侧曝光，并采用适当的方法阻止两部分之间的物质转移。
河南省洛阳市2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次统一考试数学(文)试卷
洛阳市2021—2022学年高中三年级第一次统一考试数学试卷(文)本试卷分第1卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
共150分。
第1卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至4页．考试时间120分钟。
第I 卷(选择题，共60分)注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2．考试结束，将答题卡交回。
一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．已知复数z ＝sin π3＋icos π3，则|z |＝A ．4B ．3C ．2D ．1 2．已知全集为R ，集合A ＝{x |－2＜x ＜l}，集合B ＝{x |－x 2＋x ＜0}．则A ∪(∁R B )＝A ．(－2，1]B ．(－1，1]C ．(－∞，－2)∪[1，＋∞)D ．(－∞，0]∪(1，＋∞)3．某种游戏棋盘形状如图，已知大正方形的边长为12．每个小正方形的边长均为2．在游戏棋盘上随机取一点，则该点取自小正方形的概率为A ．19B ．29C ．16D ．136．4．已知数列{a n }是等差数列，且2a 8－a 812＝4．则其前七项和S 7＝A ．42B ．35C ．28D ．215．已知命题p : x ∈R ，x 2＋x ＋1＞0；命题q ：若a ＞b ，则1a ＜1b．下列命题为真的是A ．(¬p )∨q ∧B ．(¬p )∧(¬q )C ．p )∧qD ．p ∨q 6．若右面框图所给的程序运行结果为28，那么判断框中应填入的关于k 的条件是A ．k ≥6B ．k ≥7C ．k ≥8D ．k ≥97．若a ＝(3)23，b ＝e 13，c ＝log 3e ．则A ．a ＞b ＞cB ．b ＞a ＞cC ．a ＞c ＞bD ．c ＞a ＞b 8．已知函数f (x )＝sin(ωx ＋2π3)在[－π，π]上的图象如图所示。
则f (x )的最小正周期是 A ．3π2B ．4π3C ．7π6D ．2π39．直线x ＋y ＋2＝0分别与x 轴、y 轴交于A ，B 两点，点P 在圆(x －2)2＋y 2＝2上运动，则△ABP 面积的最小值为A ．6B ．4C ．2D ．4－2 2k =10, S=1 开始S=S+k k =k －1结束输出S 是 否10．如图，AB ，CD 分别是圆柱上、下底面圆的直径，且AB ⊥CD ．O 1，O 分别为上、下底面圆心，若圆柱的轴截面为正方形，且三楼锥A －BCD 的体积为43，则该圆柱的侧面积为A ．9πB ．10πC ．12πD ．14π11．已知双曲线x 2－y 2＝1的左、右焦点分别为F 1，F 2，点A 在双曲线上且AF 1→•AF 2→＝0，则△AF 1F 2的内切圆的半径为A ．3－ 2B ．3＋ 2C ．3＋1D ．3－1．12．已知函数f (x )＝ln x ，g (x )＝x －sin x ，若存在x 1，x 2∈[1，π](x 1≠x 2)使得|f (x 1)－f (x 2)|＜k |g (x 1)－g (x 2)|成立．则实数k 的取值范围是 A ．(11－cos l ，12π) B ．(0，12π)C ．(12π，＋∞)D ．(11－cos l，＋∞)第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共90分)二、填空题：本大题共1小题，每小题5分，共20分。
洛阳市2016-2017年高三一练英语试题
洛阳市2016—2017学年高中三年级第一次统一考试英语试卷本试卷共12页，全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
*祝考试顺利*注意事项：1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2. 选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、演草纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、演草纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时,先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7. 5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a library.B. At a bookstore.C. In a classroom.2. What’s the woman looking for?A. Her purse.B. Her money.C. Her bag.3. Where are the tickets most probably?A. In the woman’s pocket.B. In the woman’s handbag.C. In the man’s pocket.4. What does the woman think about the movie? ,A. It’s disappointing,B. It’s enjoyable.C. It’s thrilling.5. How much did the woman pay for the coat?A. $40.B. $120.C. $200.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，共22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。