同济大学地下建筑复试专业英语1
建筑学研究生面试英语基本6题
1.介绍家乡Hefei is a beautiful city, which is located in the middle of Anhui Province and the center of our country. To the east lie shanghai and Nanjing, making Hefei as an important city for transportation.Hefei is a city with a history for more than 2000 years. She is between the Huai river and the Changjiang river, combining south culture and north features.The green trees and azure sky form a bright and colorful picture of Hefei. Circling the downtown, the belt park looks like a necklace. Besides the green trees, the chao lake is also a splendid and wonderful scenery.Hefei offers food with distinctive flavors—especially Anhui cuisine. So it is wonderful to enjoy the delicious street food and a bottle of beer in summer.To tell the truth, I really love this beautiful city and the warmhearted people here.2.介绍家庭There are three members in my family: my father, my mother and I. We are local here.My father is an urban designer and the breadwinner of my family. He often tells me one should keep on his dream and be responsible for his work. My mother stays at home, coping with house chores. They are both great cooks and frequent movie goers, so do I.One of our favorite movies is FORREST GUMP. Forrest Gump who is unfortunately to be born with a lower IQ and the muscle problem, usually, people always think this kind of person can't be successful in doing anything. But, instead, this unlucky man has achieved lots of incredible success, he is a football star, a war hero, and later a millionaire! As the famous sentence puts, life is like a box of chocolate, and you never know what you’re gonna get next.My family is everything to me! They not only provide financial support but also unconditional love and trust whenever I needed them.3.介绍一个喜欢的建筑The place I am going to talk about is 798 Art Zone, a paradise for art lovers. It is located on the outskirts of Beijing and it takes round half an hour by metro from Tiananmen Square. What’s fascinating about this place is that it used to be a factory during the war. When the war was over, the factory was thus abandoned for several decades until a group of artists bought parts of it and transformed it into art studios and galleries.It has became one of the cultural landmark in Beijing.4.介绍一位喜欢的建筑师My favorite architect is Frank Lloyd Wright, who was an outstanding American architect. Wright believed the designing structures should be in harmony with humanity and its environment, this is the cocept he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by his design for Falling water (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture".His work is original and innovative, including many different building types, just like offices, villas and museums. Wright also designed the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and the glass.Wright is considered to be one of the greatest architects in the world, and I really appreciate him very much.5.介绍未来的打算As for my future planning, I will concentrate on my study and research in architecture. First I will study hard to learn the knowledge of architecture, constructing a solid base for my future work; second I would like to do some practical work with the help of the supervisor and classmates. Last but not least, I would like to improve the capability of communicating and cooperating with others. I have confidence to do it well.6、介绍青岛Qingdao is a beautiful seaside city, which is located in the southeast part of Shandong Province. To the east lie Korea and Japan, making Qingdao as an important city for international trade.For many years, until 1949, Qingdao was a colony of Germany and Japan. As a result, Qingdao has a great deal of European architecture. This foreign architecture now beautifies this seaside city.The red roofs, green trees, blue sea, and azure sky form a bright and colorful picture of Qingdao.Qingdao offers food with distinctive flavors--especially seafood. So it is wonderful to enjoy the delicious seafood and famous Qingdao (Tsingtao) Beer on the beach in summer.To tell the truth, I really love this city and the refreshing air there.。
同济大学地下建筑复试专业英语3
• 原位空隙水压量测 • In-situ pore water pressure measurement • 原位（土、岩石）试验 • In-situ soil/rock test
• 直剪试验 • Direct shear test • 直接单剪试验 • Direct simple shear test • 动三轴试验 • Dynamic triaxial test • 自（共）振柱试验 • Free(resonance) vibration column test
• • • • • • • • • • 主动土压力 Active earth pressure 被动土压力 Passive earth pressure 静止土压力 Earth pressure at rest 休止角 Angle of repose 边坡稳定安全系数 Safety factor of slope
• 地基极限承载力 • Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation • 地基容许承载力 • Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation
Part 12 earth pressure and slope stabg wall
• • • • • • • • • • 挡土墙稳定性 Stability of retaining wall 基础墙 Foundation wall 扶壁式挡土墙 Counter retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙 Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式板桩墙 Cantilever sheet pile wall
• • • • • • • • • •
螺旋板载荷试验 Screw plate test 旁压试验 Pressuremeter test 轻便触探试验 Light sounding test 深层沉降观测 Deep settlement measurement 现场渗透试验 Field permeability test
同济大学地下建筑结构复试专业课笔试
同济大学土木工程地下方向考研专业课笔试试题回忆版
一、填空题
一空一分，基本都是书上的可以考填空的语句抠出两个空来，或者是1,2,3,4，这种类型的段子的小标题，还有一些概念性的，简单公式（主动土压力，被动土压力，水土分算时）也比较简单。
一般书看熟了没有问题。
70分。
二、简答题
一题15分四题。
1、简述地下建筑结构设计的初步设计、详细设计的内容；
2、画图说明盾构或者地下连续墙随着施工阶段的进行，内力的变化，变形的变化。
这题地下连续墙那章好像有。
3、简述我国地下建筑结构设计模型，四个
4、弹性抗力的含义，和哪些因素有关。
三、简述题
一题15分2题
1、盾构隧道内力计算简图，说明各个力的是什么力，具体的计算公式。
2、说说土的弹性模量，压缩模量，变形模量是怎么得到的，定义，意义。
土力学里那段。
四、（应用题）？25分吧
考察对收敛限制模型的理解。
给出收敛限制的那张图，地建书里的那张。
略有不同，上面有一些标注，建议去查查收敛限制，不过应该不会在考了吧，然后有5小问，分别有问那两条线的含义。
交点的含义。
结合这个图，谈谈如何用收敛限制模型指导开挖与支护的。
还有一个不记得了。
五、谈谈泊松比的定义，工程意义。
额。
恩。
15分吧。
同济大学出版社土木工程专业英语_Unit_1
• The Egyptians built causeways and roads for transporting stone from the quarries to the Nile. The large blocks of stone that were erected by the Egyptians were moved by using levers, inclined planes, rollers, and sledges. • 为了从采石场向尼罗河运输石材埃及人建造 了长堤和道路。由埃及人竖设的大块石头通 过使用拉杆、斜平面、滚子和雪橇来移动。
• 古埃及人用最简单的机械原理和装置建造了许多至今仍矗立的庙 宇和金字塔，包括吉萨大金字塔和在卡纳克的Amon-Ra的寺庙。 这个大金字塔，481英尺（146.6 米）高，由2250000个石块组成， 石块的平均重量超过1.5吨（1.4 吨）。建造如此的纪念性建筑使 用了大量的人力。埃及人也作了一些重达1000吨(900吨)的石头的 大块切割的方尖塔。硬青铜的切削刀具在其中pt the simplest mechanical principles and devices were used to construct many temples and pyramids that are still standing, including the great pyramid at Giza and the temple of Amon-Ra at Karnak. The great pyramid, 481 feet(146.6 meters)high, is made of 2.25 million stone blocks having an average weight of more than 1.5tons (1.4 metric tons). Great numbers of men were used in the construction of such monuments. The Egyptians also made obelisks by cutting huge blocks of stone, some weighing as much as 1000 tons (900 metric tons). Cutting tools of hard bronze were used.
同济大学硕士研究生复试英语英文面试自我介绍
Self-introduction自我介绍Name：William Shakespeare Graduated University：×××××××××××Major：English Literature Admission Time：20XX-09-01—20XX-06-30Telephone：+86×××××××(MP)E-mail：520521××××@（后附范文5篇及10类常见问题解答,总有一个适合你！）20XX年XX月XX日目录范文一（英文） (3)范文一（中文） (3)范文二（英文） (3)范文二（中文） (3)范文三（英文） (3)范文三（中文） (3)范文四（英文） (3)范文四（中文） (3)范文五（英文） (3)范文五（中文） (3)十类常见问题解答 (3)（一）"What can you tell me about ......?".. (3)（二）"What would you like to be doing......?" .. (3)（三）"What is your greatest strength ?" (3)（四）"What is your greatest weakness?" (3)（五）"How do you feel about your progress to date?" (3)（六）行为面试问题 (3)（七）压力面试问题 (3)（八）案例面试问题 (3)（九）非常规问题 (3)（十）其他常见的英语面试问题 (3)范文一（英文）--适合医学、理、工、农、艺、政治经济学相关专业Good afternoon dear professors, my name is ××, it is really a great honor to have a chance for this interview.Now I’ll introduce myself briefly. I am ××years old, born in ××province.I received my bachelor degree in 20××, supervised by Professor ××, in ××University.I have been interested in scientific research. In the past few years, I published more than ××（5）papers about numerical methods for the fractional PDE. Furthermore, I am participating in the research of two projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation. At the same time, I undertake a lot of teaching loads, more than ××（200）periods each year.However, with the time going on, the more I studied and experienced, the clearer I realized that I really need study further. Thus, I began to prepare for ××（the doctor’s entrance examination）. Owing to my hard work, I passed the first examination. If I am given the chance of further study, I will work hard to enrich my knowledge and make myself to be a well-qualified ××（doctor）.I am very easy to get on with, so I have lots of friends. Sometimes I prefer staying alone, reading, surfing the internet to gain some latest news of my profession, also, I’m keen on ××（playing basketball）.。
同济大学地下建筑结构习题集
同济大学土木工程学院COLLEGE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING地下建筑结构习题集习题集第一篇总论第一章绪论思考题简述地下建筑结构的概念及其型式。
地下建筑结构，其特征与地上建筑结构有何区别？地下工程按使用功能分类主要内容有哪些？地下工程机构的设计理论和方法主要包括哪些？简述地下建筑结构设计程序及内容。
第二章地下建筑结构的荷载思考题地下建筑荷载分为哪几类,常用的组合原则有哪些。
简述地下建筑荷载的计算原则？简述土压力可分为几种形式？其大小关系如何？静止土压力是如何确定的？库伦理论的基本假定是什么？并给出其一般土压力计算公式？应用库伦理论，如何确定粘性土中的土压力大小？简述朗肯土压力理论的基本假定？如何计算分层土的土压力？不同地面超载作用下的土压力是如何计算的？考虑地下水时的水平压力是如何计算的？"水土分算"与"水土合算"有何区别？各自的适用情况如何？简述围岩压力的概念及其影响因素。
简述围岩压力计算的两种理论方法？二者有何区别？简述弹性抗力的基本概念？其值大小与哪些因素有关？什么是“脱离区”？什么是弹性抗力，影响因素有哪些？目前确定弹性抗力的理论有哪些？简述温克尔假定。
简述坑道开挖前原始岩体中的应力状态和开挖坑道后围岩中的应力状态。
习题用朗肯土压力公式计算图示挡土墙上主动土压力分布及其合力。
已知填土为砂土，填土面作用均不荷载q＝20kPa。
(土的物理指标见下图）用水土分算法计算图示挡土墙上主动土压力分布及水压力分布图及其合力。
已知填土为砂土。
(土的物理指标见下图）第三章弹性地基梁理论思考题什么是弹性地基梁，其作用是什么，它与普通梁的区别？弹性地基梁计算理论的基本假设有那些？简述弹性地基梁两种计算模型的区别。
简述弹性特征系数α 的含义及其确定公式。
何为弹性地基短梁、长梁及刚性梁？有什么区别？习题如图所示，无限长弹性地基梁，在O点作用集中力P，求梁的变位及内力公式。
同济大学隧道与地下建筑工程专业考研复试经验分享
2009年复试整个复试大致分为4个部分：专业笔试100分，英语笔试50分，英语面试50分，综合面试150分，总共350分。
算总成绩时和初试成绩直接相加，也就是说如果你初试考了350，复试300的话就是650的总分。
地下系的复试一天搞定。
09年是这样的，早上8：30——9：30专业笔试，9：30到10点英语笔试，10点后开始分组进行综合面试（安排了先后顺序），英语面试是自己有空时去就行了（自己排队）。
虽说笔试有两门，但是卷子是一起发下来的，10点一起收上去，时间分配就是自己把握了。
我们是在地下系201考试的，题目很主观。
专业笔试是5道问答题，没有其他题型，没有计算题。
考察范围不仅在《地下建筑结构》那本书上，土力学也涉及的。
今年的专业笔试内容大概涉及这几个内容：荷载结构法和地层结构法、三种土压力、土的三个模量、弹性抗力及其计算理论、围岩压力、自重应力和构造应力，复合衬砌。
提问形式都是：说说XX 和XX的区别和联系，简述XX是什么及其确定方法，什么是XX以及它们各自的意义。
英语笔试是发了一篇文章让翻译。
今年的英语笔试不是专业方面的，是关于汽车和计算机技术对于社会的推动作用。
文章总体来说比较简单，比考研翻译简单多了，也用不着刻意去练习。
这两门考试时间一共一个半小时，英语要写半个小时，字写得快的比较有优势。
再说面试。
先说英语面试，整个过程大概5分钟。
进门后老师会让你自我介绍一下，大概一分钟（其实我觉得只说了30秒）。
大概就说说名字，学校，家乡和考研原因就差不多了。
然后老师会问你一些问题，问得比较多的是对于家乡的隧道和地下建筑有哪些了解，家乡的土层和上海的土层有什么区别，以及读研的打算，可能会设计到一些专业的词汇。
英语面试的主要目的是考察听力和口语，答的对错不太重要的，这个提高起来比较慢。
然后说说综合面试，大概15-20分钟。
进屋后老师会先看你的成绩表（看你成绩表的是面试组组长），然后开始提问。
我今年回答的问题比较简单，都是毕业设计相关的。
同济大学土木工程考研英语75个经典提问总结
考研复试英语75个经典提问总结考研英语面试中，在自我介绍完了老师就会开始问你问题这里列出一些常见的问题，可以认真准备。
注意在准备的过程中，要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案，让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体。
要不然很容易被考官抓住把柄，问个没完，很容易因紧张而露出马脚。
在每一年的面试中都会有很多相同的问题，这些问题看起来很平常，却有很多陷阱，一不小心就会被考官抓主小辫子了。
回答这些常见的看起来很平常的问题，是很有艺术的。
在这里一共提供了75个常见的各类问题，本文进行了详细的分析。
第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to h elp them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
2016年同济大学硕士研究生专业目录及初复试科目
建筑与城市规划学院
专业代码
专业名称
研究方向
政治、外国语
业务一、业务二 料科学基础(任选一门)
复试科目
复试参考书
招收同等学力 加试科目
085300 城市规划硕士 专业学位
095300 风景园林硕士 专业学位
01 城乡人居环境可持续发展 ①101 思想政治理论 ③356 城市规划基础 复试1：城乡规划设 大学本科相关教材
①《混凝土结构基本原
理》（第二版）,顾祥林 ,同济大学出版社 ,2011； ②《建筑混凝土结构设
计》,顾祥林,同济大学 出版社,2011； ③《钢结构基本原理》
（第二版）,沈祖炎等
020
土木工程学院
专业代码
专业名称
085214 水利工程 专业学位
085217 地质工程 专业学位
研究方向
政治、外国语
（第二版）,沈祖炎等 ,中国建筑工业出版社 ,2008； ④《房屋钢结构设计》
,沈祖炎等,中国建筑工 业出版社,2008 （2）振动力学基础 ①《结构振动力学》（
第二版）,张相庭等,同 济大学出版社,2005。 4. 桥梁与隧道工程方向 ：
①《桥梁工程》（上册
）(第二版）,范立础,人 民交通出版社，2012年 8月； ②《桥梁工程》（下册
复试参考书
招收同等学力 加试科目
,沈祖炎等,中国建筑工 业出版社,2008。 3. 防灾减灾工程及防护 工程方向：
（1）混凝土结构与钢 结构
①《混凝土结构基本原
理》（第二版）,顾祥林 ,同济大学出版社 ,2011； ②《建筑混凝土结构设
计》,顾祥林,同济大学 出版社,2011； ③《钢结构基本原理》
5版），廉乐明、谭羽 非、吴家正、朱彤主编 ，中国建筑工业出版社
城空(城市地下空间工程)专业英语复习资料
城空1601专业英语复习资料Structural engineering (结构工程)Water resources engineering (水资源工程)Geotechnical engineering (岩土工程)Environmental engineering (环境工程)Transportation engineering (运输工程)Pipeline engineering (管道工程)Construction engineering (建筑工程)Community and urban planning (社区和城市规划)Photogrametry，surveying，and mapping (摄影测量、勘测和制图)Engineering management (工程管理)Engineering teaching (工程教学)Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
最新同济大学材料专业英语复试试题
同济大学材料科学与工程学院复试试题专业英语笔试2019.3英文名词解释（18题选10题，每题5分，共50分）1.Thermal Analysis:A group of techniques in which a property of a sample ismonitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is programmed.2.Differential Thermal Analysis :DTA is a technique for recording the differencein temperature between a substance and a reference material against time or temperature as the two specimens are subjected to identical temperature regimes in an environment heated or cooled at a controlled rate.3.Differential Scanning Calorimetry:DSC is a technique for recording the energyrequired to keep a zero temperature difference between a sample cell and a reference cell that are either heated or cooled at a controlled rate.4.Thermomechanical Analysis:Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a techniquethat measures the deformation of a substance under non-oscillatory (不摆动的) load or strain as a function of temperature or time.5.Thermogravimetric Analysis:A technique in which the mass of a substance ismeasured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme.6.Chromophore(生色基团):A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsiblefor its color. The color arises when a molecule absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light and transmits or reflects others. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two different molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum. Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state.7.Auxochrome(助色基团): An auxochrome is a functional group of atoms withnon- bonded electrons which alters both the wavelength and intensity of absorption when attached to a chromophore.8.Vibrational spectroscopy: Vibrational spectroscopy is concerned with thedetection of transitions between energy levels in molecules that result from stretching and bending vibrations of the interatomic bonds.9.Raman spectroscopy:Raman spectroscopy is concerned with detection of lightscattered inelastically by molecules interacting with incident monochromatic单色radiation.10.Group frequency Vibrational frequencies of particular chemical groups inmolecules tend to behave largely independently of the rest of the molecule of which they are apart. The absorption frequencies for a particular chemical group are essentially constant and are always characteristic, therefore named as group frequencies.11.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy:NMR spectroscopy: is concernedwith the detection of absorption or emission of EM radiation by stimulated transitions between energy levels in the system under investigation. Since the energy levels are influenced by the environment of the nuclei, the resulting spectrum gives more or less direct evidence regarding the chemical nature of interacting atoms, both qualitatively and quantitatively.12.Chemical shift:Chemical shift(化学位移)(δ):the difference between theposition of resonance line of a certain proton and that of proton of a standard substance. (expressed in ppm)13.Integral height:The area under the peaks (integral height) in NMR spectrumrepresents the signal intensity. The signal intensity is proportional to the number of nuclei in the molecule.14.Mass spectrometry:Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique thatmeasures the mass-to- charge ratio of charged particles. It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules.15.Nitrogen rule(1) For molecules only containing C, H and O, the mass ofmolecular ion is even;(2)Molecules with even N have even molecular ion mass and molecules with oddN have odd molecular ion mass;(3)That is to say, if the mass is an even number, the compound contains nonitrogen or an even number of nitrogens. It the mass is an odd number, the compound contains an odd number of nitrogens.16.Molecular ion:For an organic molecule consisting of atom A, B, C and D,fragmentation may take place as the following situations.ABCD + e(-) ABCD(+)+ 2e(-)Ion ABCD+ generated in equation is molecular ion.17.Ion source：An ion source is an electro-magnetic device that is used to createcharged particles. These are used primarily to form ions for mass spectrometers.18.Fragmentation ion: Peaks with mass less than the molecular ion are the result offragmentation of the molecule. These peaks are called daughter peaks or fragmentation ion peaks.。
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题在岩土在线论坛上转悠很长时间了，从这里得到了很多资料。
及时解决了我的很多问题，在此感谢各位兄弟姐妹！我是2009年考的博士。
由于是同济本校的，所以对土木工程学院的博士考试还有一定的了解。
有些人在考后会洋洋洒洒几千言，让后来人看起来那个累啊！在这里我废话不多说了，简简单单列一下心得体会，并附上手头上的历年真题！博士考试原则：同济大学土木工程学院这边，特别注重基本概念的理解，所以考试大纲上列出的课本，一定要买一本好好的看，仔仔细细的看。
考题中没有难题，全是考查基本概念。
各门功课的复习心得和要领（我是考的地下建筑工程系）：1、英语课。
英语的题型有四种。
单选、阅读、翻译、作文。
单选、翻译、作文是拉不开分的，大家都差不多。
即便是我这个背过GRE的人，看到单选里的单词，还是有一半以上没见过。
所以，建议做好一本《考博英语100篇》就好了。
阅读50分，能保住30分。
其它三项怎么也能拿个20几分。
这样得分在55分左右，够了。
（按照理念的惯例，英语线在最低43~55分之间）2、弹性力学我不知道别人怎么复习的。
我在同济上研究生上这门课的时候，教授就说“这个地方是重点，考博会考得”。
所以，考试重点我还是抓的住的。
专业课，还是要理解概念，记住一定要概念清晰。
至于课本，推荐江理平的，而不是吴家龙的《弹性力学》。
吴家龙的太晦涩难懂了。
3、土力学除了必选的弹性力学，可以有一些别的选项。
大多数本校的选了〈地下结构〉，我则是选了〈土力学〉。
因为土力学出题的范围每年都是固定的。
我考得时候，有个同门推荐张振莹的〈土力学解题指导〉（大概是这个名字）。
考后，我想说“我操”“丫的，这哥们害苦我了”“复习偏了”。
还好我的土力学功底比较深，ＮＮＤ！关于土力学，只说一句话课本，课本足够。
就买大纲推荐的教材。
甚至题都不用做！关于复试外校的人，都很紧张。
其实你不用紧张，一般复试只是个过场。
教授们坐在一起，看看你不傻不痴呆的，就那么过了。
同济大学地下工程施工
同济大学地下建筑施工精品课程绪论一．地下建筑施工课程的任务、特点1．地下工程是埋于岩土介质中的结构物2．应根据工程地质与水文地质条件，综合考虑下列因素：◆地下工程的类型、规模、结构形式；◆开挖深度、降水排水条件、施工季节;◆周边环境、工程经验、工程造价；◆做到因地制宜、因时制宜,选用合适的地下工程施工方法与施工技术，以取得以下效果：安全可靠、质量保证、方便施工、技术先进、经济合理。
3．地下建筑施工专门研究各类地下工程、基础工程的：◆施工方法◆施工工艺◆施工技术4．本课程的任务:不但要求学习、掌握地下建筑施工技术，而且要求能够研究各类地下工程的施工方法、施工工艺与施工技术，具有独立分析和解决地下工程施工问题的能力.二．地下建筑施工技术概要1．一般地下工程：城市地铁、越江隧道、引水隧道、地下工厂、地下民用设施、地下军用设施、高层建筑地下室2．常用地下工程施工方法：◆明挖法◆暗挖法◆明暗结合开挖法3．明挖法有：放坡开挖（大开挖）法、重力式水泥土墙法、高压旋喷法、土钉墙法、深基坑施工法、沉井法。
4．暗挖法有：◆盾构法；◆顶管法;◆矿山（暗挖隧道）法5．明暗结合开挖法有：◆逆作法；◆沉管法；◆箱涵法其中逆作法又分为:全逆作法、半逆作法、盖挖法三．学习本课程需要注意的几个问题:1．本课程着重讨论地下工程：施工方法、施工工艺和施工技术；每一种施工方法、施工工艺和施工技术都有其特点,应注意它们各自的适用场合.2．要求掌握一般地下工程常用的施工方法和施工技术;了解国内外施工领域的新技术和发展动态；具有独立分析和解决地下工程施工技术问题的初步能力。
3．地下建筑施工技术涉及面广，实践性强，技术发展迅速,要求坚持理论联系实际，要重视生产实习、教学参观、现场教学等实践性的教学环节，要有计划地到施工现场去参观，积累实践的感性知识。
第一章大开挖基坑工程施工§1。
1 概述1．大开挖土方工程:指不采用支撑形式而采用直立或放坡施工方法进行开挖的基坑工程，有时又称放坡基坑开挖。
(word完整版)同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题
(word完整版)同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑工程系考博心得及真题在岩土在线论坛上转悠很长时间了，从这里得到了很多资料.及时解决了我的很多问题，在此感谢各位兄弟姐妹! 我是2009年考的博士。
由于是同济本校的，所以对土木工程学院的博士考试还有一定的了解。
有些人在考后会洋洋洒洒几千言，让后来人看起来那个累啊！在这里我废话不多说了，简简单单列一下心得体会,并附上手头上的历年真题！博士考试原则：同济大学土木工程学院这边，特别注重基本概念的理解，所以考试大纲上列出的课本,一定要买一本好好的看，仔仔细细的看。
考题中没有难题,全是考查基本概念。
各门功课的复习心得和要领（我是考的地下建筑工程系）：1、英语课。
英语的题型有四种。
单选、阅读、翻译、作文。
单选、翻译、作文是拉不开分的,大家都差不多.即便是我这个背过GRE的人，看到单选里的单词，还是有一半以上没见过。
所以，建议做好一本《考博英语100篇》就好了。
阅读50分,能保住30分。
其它三项怎么也能拿个20几分. 这样得分在55分左右，够了.（按照理念的惯例，英语线在最低43~55分之间）2、弹性力学我不知道别人怎么复习的。
我在同济上研究生上这门课的时候,教授就说“这个地方是重点，考博会考得”。
所以，考试重点我还是抓的住的。
专业课,还是要理解概念，记住一定要概念清晰。
至于课本，推荐江理平的，而不是吴家龙的《弹性力学》。
吴家龙的太晦涩难懂了。
3、土力学除了必选的弹性力学,可以有一些别的选项。
大多数本校的选了〈地下结构>，我则是选了〈土力学〉。
因为土力学出题的范围每年都是固定的。
我考得时候，有个同门推荐张振莹的〈土力学解题指导>(大概是这个名字）。
考后，我想说“我操”“丫的,这哥们害苦我了”“复习偏了”。
还好我的土力学功底比较深，ＮＮＤ！关于土力学，只说一句话课本，课本足够。
就买大纲推荐的教材。
甚至题都不用做！关于复试外校的人，都很紧张。
同济大学地下建筑复试专业英语4
• 卵形 • Egg shape • 箱形 • Box shape • 内部净空断面形状 • Inside shape • 开挖断面形状 • Outside or excavation shape
• 埋深 • Tunnel depth • 明挖回填 • Cut and cover • 浅埋 • Shallow depth • 中埋 • Medium depth • 深埋 • Deep depth • 特深埋 • Very deep depth
• 冷气 • cooling air • 冷却水排水 • Cooling water outfall • 航道 • navigation • 下水道 • Sewerage • 地域暖气 • District heating
• 电缆 • cable • 热水 • Hot water • 电力－通信 • Power-telecommunication • 通风 • Ventilation • 煤气 • Gas • 工厂 • factory
• 溶解度 • solubility • 可钻性 • Drillability • 抗压强度 • Compressive strength • 抗拉强度 • Tensile strength • 抗剪强度 • Shear strength • 内摩擦力 • Internal friction • 粘结力 • cohesion
• 剪胀 • swelling • 收缩 • shrinkage • 地压 • Ground pressure • 弹性系数 • Modulus of elasticity • 冲击阻力 • Impact resistance
• 孔隙率 • Porosity ratio • 硬度 • hardness • 设计 • design • 分析 • Analysis • 计算 • calculation
同济大学建筑学专业英语阅读材料164
164 STREET WINDOWS…wherever there are GREEN STREETS(51), SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES (61), PEDESTRIAN STREETS (100), BUILDING THOROUGHFARES (101) –in short, any streets with people in them, these streets will only come to life if they are helped to do so by the people looking out on them, hanging out of windows, laughing, shouting, whistling.* * *A street without windows is blind and frightening. And it is equally uncomfortable to be in a house which bounds a public street with no window at all on the street.The street window provides a unique kind of connection between the life inside buildings and the street. Franz Kafka wrote a short commentary entitled “The Street Window,” which expresses beautifully the power of this relationship.Whoever leads a solitary life and yet now and then wants to attach himself somewhere, whoever, according to changes in the time of day, the weather, the state of his business, and the like, suddenly wishes to see any arm at all to which he might cling – he will not be able to manage for long without a window looking onto the street. And if he is in the mood of not desiring anything andonly goes to his window sill a tired man, with eyes turning from his public to heaven and back again, not wanting to look out and having thrown his head up a little, even then the horses below will draw him down into their train of wagons and tumult, and so at last into the human harmony. (Franz Kafka, The Complete Stories, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer, New Y ork: Schocken Books, 1972, p. 384).The process of watching the street from upper story windows is strongly embedded in traditional Peruvian culture in the form of the mirador, the beautiful ornamented gallery which sticks out over the street from many of the colonial buildings in Lima. Peruvian girls especially love to watch the street, but only if they are not too visible. They can watch the street from the mirador without any impropriety, something they cannot do so easily from the front door. If anyone looks at them too hard, they can pull back into the window.Street windows are most successful on the second and third floors. Anything higher, and the! street becomes a “view”–the vitality of the connection is destroyed. From the second and third floors people can shout down to the street, throw down a jacket or a ball; people in the street can whistle for a person to come to the window, and even glimpse the expressions on a person’s face inside.At ground level, street windows are less likely to work. If they are too far back from the street, they don’t really give a view onto the street – though of course they still give light. If they are too close to the street, they don’t work at all, because they get boarded up or curtained to protect the privacy of the rooms inside – see the empirical findings presented in Houses Generated by Patterns, Center for Environmental Structure, 1969, pp. 179-80.One possible way of making a street window at ground level might be to build an alcove, two or three steps up, with a window on the street, its window-sill five feet above the street. People in the alcove, can lean on the window sill, and watch the street; people in the street can see them, without being able to see into the room behind them. It is even easier, of course, if the ground floor of the house is two or three feet above the street, as many ground floors are.Finally, on whatever floor it is, a street window must be placed in a position which the people inside pass often, a place where they are likely to pause and stand beside the window: the head of a stair, the bay window of a favorite room, a kitchen, bedroom, or window in a passage.Therefore:Where buildings run alongside busy streets, build windows with window seats, looking out onto the street. Place them in bedrooms or at some point on a passage or stair, where people keep passing by. On the first floor, keep these windows high enough to be private.* * *On the inside, give each of these windows a substantial place, so that a person feels encouraged to sit there or stand and watch the street – WINDOW PLACE (180); make the windows open outward – WINDOWS WHICH OPEN WIDE (236); enrich the outside of the window with flower boxes and climbing plants –then people, in the course of caring for the flowers, will have the opportunity for hanging out – FILTERED LIGHT (238), CLIMBING PLANTS (246)….。
同济大学地下建筑结构复习提纲.
同济大学地下建筑结构复习提纲第 1 章绪论（一）地下建筑结构的概念1、掌握地下建筑结构的基本形式和基本概念。
（1）基本概念地下建筑是修建在地层中的建筑物。
它可以分为两大类：一类是修建在土层中的；一类是修建在岩层中的；广义上讲，任何结构物都是修建在相应的介质中的，例如，上部结构是修建在空气介质中，地下建筑结构一般修建在土层中、岩层中或水中。
本学科所要研究的所有问题其实都可以归为“结构与介质的相互作用问题”（二）地下建筑结构的作用*地下建筑结构，即埋置于地层内部的结构。
修建地下建筑物时，首先按照使用要求在地层中挖掘洞室，然后沿洞室周边修建永久性支护结构——即衬砌结构。
而内部结构与地面建筑的设计基本相同*作用：衬砌结构主要是起承重和围护两方面的作用。
承重，即承受岩土体压力、结构自重以及其它荷载的作用；围护，即防止岩土体风化、坍塌、防水、防潮等。
*地下建筑与地面建筑结构的区别（1）计算理论、设计和施工方法（2）地下建筑结构所承受的荷载比地面结构复杂。
（3）地下建筑结构埋置于地下，其周围的岩土体不仅作为荷载作用于地下建筑结构上，而且约束着结构的移动和变形。
所以，在地下建筑结构设计中除了要计算因素多变的岩土体压力之外，还要考虑地下结构与周围岩土体的共同作用。
这一点乃是地下建筑结构在计算理论上与地面建筑结构最主要的差别。
（三）地下建筑结构的型式结构型式首先由受力条件来控制，即在一定地质的围岩压力、水土压力和一定的爆炸与地震等动载下求出最合理和经济的结构型式；其次由地下建筑的功能要求和施工技术要求等确定。
主要有：*土层地下建筑结构型式*岩石地下建筑结构形式三、地下建筑结构的设计程序和内容初步设计的内容主要包括：（一）工程等级和要求，以及静、动荷载标准的确定；（二）确定埋置深度与施工方法；（三）初等荷载值；（四）选择建筑材料；（五）选定结构型式和布置；（六）估算结构跨度、高度、顶底板及边墙厚度等主要尺寸；（七）绘制初步设计结构图；（八）估算工程材料数量及财务概算。
同济大学工程硕士英语课文翻译_Unit1-Unit_6
Usain Bolt: How Far and Fast We Go?Unit1Parental discretionBy dennis hevesiWhen the letter came saying that Pamela Stafford,after all her part-time study at night,had been accepted at the age of 34 as a full-time student by the University of California at Berkeley,her two teenage sons leaped into the air,slapped palms in a high-five and shouted,‖we did it!we did it!‖Pamela Stafford 一直参加晚上的业余学习班，她34岁时收到了伯克利的加利福利亚大学录取通知书，她的两个儿子高兴的跳了起来，拍着她的肩膀叫道：“我们成功了！我们成功了！”―I‘m not sure they included me,‖she said.―我不确定他们包括我‖，她说。
Several months ago,when Gary Hatfield,also 34,and a sophomore at the Ohio State University,in Columbus,was telling his son,Seth,11,why he was spending so much time studying,‖he patted me on the shoulder and said,‘Dad,I understand.You want to finish school,‘‖Mr.Hatfield recalled,adding,‖Blessed is the child‘s forgiving nature.‖几个月前，同样是34岁的Gary Hatfield，在俄亥俄州立大学读大二，对他11岁的儿子Seth讲为什么他花这么多时间学习，“他轻拍我肩膀说道，爸爸，我明白，你想完成学业，”Hatfield 先生回忆道，并说，“祝福是孩子原谅的本性”。
建筑工程专业英语试题一及答案
建筑工程专业英语试题一及答案I Match the English in Column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B（每题2分，共20分）Column A Column B( ) 1.reinforced concrete a. 钢结构( ) 2. immovable property b. 施工技术( ) 3.steel structure c. 基础工程( ) 4.real estate d. 施工现场( ) 5.construction technology e. 安装工程( ) 6. construction drawings f. 警示标语( ) 7.construction site g. 不动产( ) 8. installation engineering h. 施工图纸( ) 9. warning signs i. 钢筋混凝土( ) 10. foundation work j. 房地产II Translate the following sentences.（每题5分，共50分）(1)Actual schedule progress must be compared against the project program to determine whether the project is on schedule.(2)Quality control in construction typically involves insuring compliance with minimum standards of material and workmanship in order to insure the performance of the facility according to the design.(3)With the development of private property ownership, real estate has becomea major area of business, commonly referred to as commercial real estate.(4)Several naturally occurring materials, such as clay，stones, mud，and wood，leaves and so on，have already been used to build houses.(5)New alloys have further increased the strength of steel and eliminated some of its problems，such as metal fatigue，which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress.(6)Green building materials are composed of renewable，rather than nonrenewable resources.(7)Heavy building equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved—up to millions of cubic metres.(8)There are a lot of different professionals to participate in the construction of a big project. Therefore，how to organize the construction is the key to solving the third stage；this is a very important system engineering.(9)As in the case of quality management，it is good practice to have an overall company safety program and policy，as well as a site safety program for each project.(10) Specialists are often called on to valuate real estate andfacilitate transactions.III Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.（每小题15分，共30分）1. Concrete finds good use in all types of building construction.Concrete is a composite building material comprised of aggregate anda binder(cement). It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand，aggregate(small stones，crushed rock，or gravel)，and water to makeconcrete. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with different strength and weight. Concrete has been the predominant building material in the modern age due to its longevity，formability，and ease of transport.2. In terms of architecture，the structure of a building is much more than that. It is an inseparable part of the building style and a style of architecture in the different degree. Used skillfully，the building structure can establish or reinforce orders and rhythms among the architecture spaces and planes. It can be visually dominant or recessive. It can develop harmonies or conflicts. It can be both confining and open.答案I Match the English in Column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B1.i2. g3. a4. j5. b6. h7. d 8 e 9 f 10 c II. Translate the following sentences(1) 实际的施工进度必须与施工项目相比较来确定是否能按时交工。
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• 地下水位 • groundwater level /groundwater table • 粘土矿物 • clay minerals • 次生矿物 • secondary minerals • 滑坡 • landslide
• 钻孔柱状图 • bore hole columnar section • 工程地质勘察 • engineering geologic investigation • 漂石 • boulder • 卵石 • cobble
• 非饱和土 • unsaturated soil • 填土 • filled soil
• Part 3 Permeability and seepage
• 达西定律 • Darcy’s law • 管涌 • piping
• 流土 • flowing soil • 砂沸 • sand boiling • 流网 • flow net • 渗流 • seepage
• 套管 • casing • 堤（防） • dike=dyke • 粘粒粒组 • clay fraction • 物理性质 • physical properties • 路基 • subgrade
• 级配良好土 • well-graded soil • 级配不良土 • poorly-graded soil • 筛子 • sieve • 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 • Mohr-Coulomb failure condition • 有限元法 • FEM=finite element method
Writing a short paragraph by following special words (Leabharlann t least 100 words)
Underground space, transportation system, cross section , sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons , radioactive waste ,lining system
• 软土 • soft soil • 打入桩（负）摩阻力 • (negative) skin friction of driven pile • 有效应力 • effective stress
• 总应力 • total stress • 十字板抗剪强度 • field vane shear strength • 低活性 • low activity • 灵敏度 • sensitivity • 三轴试验 • triaxial test
• 方形独立基础 • square spread footing • 下卧层（土） • underlying soil (stratum ,strata) • 恒载 /静载 • dead load • 持续荷载 • sustained load • 活载 • live load
• 短期瞬时荷载 • short –term transient load • 长期荷载 • long-term transient load • 折算荷载 • reduced load • 沉降 • settlement • 变形 • deformation
• 极限平衡法 • limit equilibrium method • 孔隙水压力 • pore water pressure • 先期固结压力 • preconsolidation pressure • 压缩模量 • modulus of compressibility • 压缩系数 • coefficent of compressibility
Example
Underground space is most often thought of as a part of a transportation system, such as railway or road tunnels, having a typical cross section of some 50 to100 m2 (single or double lanes). However, a number of other applications for underground space have been developed, such as sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons etc. Other applications are under development, such as repository concept for high radioactive waste. This paper will present some of the applications developed and constructed but emphasize on underground hydrocarbon storages. The developed techniques are based on either storage in gas phase at high pressures or in liquid state at extremely low temperatures. Both systems require a lining system.
• 渗漏 • leakage • 渗透压力 • seepage (force) pressure • 渗透性 • permeability • 水力梯度 • hydraulic gradient
• 渗透系数 • coefficient of permeability
• Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation
• 压缩指数 • compression index • 回弹指数 • swelling index • 自重应力 • geostatic stress • 附加应力 • additional stress • 最终沉降 • final settlement
• 滑移线 • slip line • Part 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation • 开挖 • excavation • 降水 • dewatering • 基坑失稳 • failure of foundation
• 井点系统 • well point system • 深井点 • deep well point • 真空井点 • vacuum well point • 支撑围护 • braced cuts • 支撑开挖 • braced excavation • 支撑挡板 • braced sheeting
• 基坑围护 • bracing of foundation pit • （基坑）底隆起 • bottom heave=basal heave • 挡土墙 • retaining wall • 孔压分布 • pore-pressure distribution • 降低地下水位法 • dewatering method
• 基础设计 • foundation design • 再压缩 • recompaction • 承载力 • bearing capacity • 土体 • soil mass • 接触压力 • contact pressure
• 集中荷载 • concentrated load • 半无限弹性体 • a semi-infinite elastic solid • 均质 • homogeneous • 各向同性 • isotropic • 条基 • strip footing
• 砂石 • gravel • 砾砂 • gravelly sand • 粗砂 • coarse sand • 中砂 • medium sand
• 细砂 • fine sand • 粉土 • silty sand • 粘性土 • clayey soil • 粘土 • clay
• 粉质粘土 • silty clay • 砂质粉土 • sandy silt • 粘质粉土 • clayey silt • 饱和土 • saturated soil
Special Engineering English Prof., Dr.zixin zhang
• 岩土工程
• Part 1 General words
• 岩土工程 • Geotechnical engineering • 基础工程 • Foundation engineering • 土 • soil ,earth • 土力学 • soil mechanics • 周期荷载 • cyclic loading • 卸载
• 再加载 • reloading • 粘弹性地基 • viscoelastic foundation • 粘滞阻尼 • viscous damping • 剪切模量 • shear modulus
• 土动力学 • soil dynamics • 应力路径 • stress path • Part 2 Types of soil • 残积土 • residual soil • 地下水 • groundwater