正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式
常见的英语问候语正式与非正式场合的区别
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常见的英语问候语(正式与非正式场合的
区别)
我们读书时学过如何用英语打招呼问候,但是其实英语中的问候语有分正式和非正式场合,下面就来介绍下不同场合中如何用英语进行问候。
Greetings are used to say hello in English. It’s common to use different greetings depending on whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal greetings. If it ’s really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with people you do not know very well.
在英语中,问候语被用跟别人打招呼。根据与你会面的是朋友,家人还是商业伙伴,我们常会使用不同的问候语。如果确实是在重要的场合,我们会使用正式的问候语。正式的问候语也可以用于那些不太熟悉的人。
Greetings also depend on whether you are saying hello, or you are saying goodbye.
在打招呼或者告别的时候,我们使用的问候语也不同。
Learn the correct phrases using the notes below, and then practice using greetings with the practice dialogues.
英语中常见的正式表达方式与非正式表达方式
在正式的场合需要使用正式的表达方式,表达敬意和严谨;在非正式场合使用非正式的表达方式,拉近彼此之间的距离,提高谈话的弹性和舒适性,以下列举常见的正式表达方式与对应的非正式表达方式。
1. 你好吗?
How do you do? >>——-<< What’s up?
解析:What's up 的发音还可以是 wassup 或 whaddup
,在非正式场合中,”What's up“ 是一个非常随便的问候语,表面上译为”怎么了或发生什么事了“,实际上不涉及对某些事的具体更新信息,相当于 what is the matter 或 what is happening,例如:
'What's up?', I said to him.
—'Nothing much,' he answered.
“怎么了?”,我对他说。
—没什么,他回答。
2. 很高兴见到你
It is a pleasure to meet you >>——<< Nice to meet you
3. 在你方便的时候尽早
At your earliest convenience >>——<< As soon as you can
4. 担心你,关心你
Concerned about you >>——<< Worried about you
5. 首先
Firstly , >>——<< To start with/…, For a start
英语中 正式和非正式用语
正式和非正式用语
Formal:
Brainstorming is the most common prewriting technique our team use.In the brainstorming stage, our team usually achieve the following: firstly, we should speak freely during brainstorming, overcome inner timidity and fear, and express as much as we have ability to think of.Secondly, provided that take any inspiration from what others have said or have any extended ideas, we can immediately add them or extend them outwardly.Thirdly, fail to interrupt the speaker and evaluate that the speaker's content is correct or not.Fourthly, when brainstorming, attempt to keep everyone equal so as not to have too strong distinctions between superiors and subordinates, so as to stimulate the creativity of everyone present.Fifthly,attempt to stay relaxed during the brainstorming, sitting or standing postures are allowed to avoid being too rigid and serious.Sixthly, put notes of all the talks down so that we fail to forget the brainstorm, and that reading the notes later may prompt new ideas.
英语学习:正式与非正式的电子邮件用语——从问候语到结束语
【导语】⽆论你是给朋友、同事,还是给潜在的商业伙伴写信,主要⽬标是让你的信息被理解,换句话说,确保收件⼈理解你。如果你使⽤不适当的或不正确的语⾔,并且不断地在电⼦邮件中犯错,这样读者不仅⽆法理解你,你也可能⽆法给读者留下好印象。以下内容由⽆忧考整理发布,欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考!
1.GREETINGS
问候
Formal
正式
Dear Sir/ Madam,
亲爱的先⽣/⼥⼠,
Dear Mr/ Ms Jones,
亲爱的琼斯先⽣/⼥⼠
Dear Dr Smith,
亲爱的史密斯博⼠
(note: First names are NOT used. Using Miss or Mrs to address a woman is not appropriate, as you don’t know whether she’s married or not)
( 注意:不使⽤名字。⽤⼩姐或夫⼈称呼⼀个⼥⼈是不合适的,因为你不知道她是否结婚了)
Informal
⾮正式
Hi Dennis,
嗨,丹尼斯,
Hello Claire,
你好,克莱尔,
Dear Mum,
亲爱的妈妈,
(note: salutations are followed by a (,) comma.)
(注:问候语后⾯有⼀个(,)逗号。)
2. Reasons for writing Replying
回信的原因
I am writing to
我写信是
to make a reservation
为了预约
to apply for the position of
立刻说说英语要分清正式场合和非正式场合
说英语要分清正式场合和非正式场合学英语的时候,我们也经常看到字典里备注了formal和informal,上英语课时老师也强调informal和formal。
举几个正式程度依次增加的例子:
非正式->普通(或者较正式)->正式(或很正式)
搞砸
fuck up-> screw up->mess up/blow up->ruin
欺骗
screw over->cheat-> deceive
放弃
give up-> relinquish
结束
end -> terminate
调查
look into->investigate
继续
go on-> proceed/continue
可是,到底什么是正式场合呢?有人觉得书面的就是正式用语;有人觉得工作中用正式用语,和朋友聊天就是非正式场合;有人觉得开会,演讲、上电视就是正式用语。
但是实际工作和生活中,发现也不完全是。书面沟通中,老外写邮件里也有用screw up 这种词的,在邮件里用过relinquish也会被老外吐槽在装逼。老外用look into也比investigate多。开会的时候老外说fucking idea,也很常见(当然仅在只有男性在场的时候),更别提平时说I‘ll shoot you an email或者ballpark number.
那到底怎么区分正式场合非正式场合呢?有以下两种区分方法。
一、看你和别人的熟悉程度。
上文说的,非正式用语是拉近距离,给人一种是自己人的感觉。大家都很熟时,几乎不管什么场合,可以用非正式的词。和老板或者同事都非常熟,就算是开会这种很正式的场合也可以。发邮件也一样,如果很熟那你用非正式用语没关系,如果是群发(考虑到有不熟的人),那你用词还是要稍微正式(普通)一点。
正式和非正式信件称呼英语作文
正式和非正式信件称呼英语作文英文回答:
Formal Letter Salutations:
When writing a formal letter, the salutation should be formal and respectful. It should include the recipient's title, name, and any appropriate suffix.
For individuals: Use "Dear Mr./Ms./Dr./etc. [Last Name],"
For organizations: Use "Dear [Organization Name],"
Informal Letter Salutations:
Informal letter salutations are more casual and friendly. They may include the recipient's first name or a nickname.
For close friends and family: Use "Hi [First Name]," or "Dear [Nickname],"
For acquaintances or colleagues: Use "Hello [First Name]," or "Dear [First Name],"
Additional Considerations:
When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of formality.
正式文体与非正式文体
(三)商议性的文体(the Consultative Style)。 这 是 一 种 “ 日 常 办 事 语 言 ” (everyday getting-things-done language) 。日常工作 交往、在商店购物、旅游等场合均使甩 这种文体。Martin Joos把同陌生人攀谈所 使用的英语看作是这种文体的典型表现 形式。
先看用词。正式文体常使用正式用语 (formal words); 非正式文体则常使用非正 式用语 (informal words)。这两类不同的 用语是在长期的使用过程中被约定俗成 地固定下来的。许多词典对此都作出了 标记。试比较:
INFORMAL leave scared blow up quit cut down job fire tired flunk
(一)庄严的文体(the Frozen Style; 也有人 译作"冷冻体")。这是一种非常雅致、庄 重的文体,是经过反复推敲的力作,读 者必须经过反复琢磨方能领悟蕴藏在词 句之中的层层含义。领悟的过程是个"解 冻"的过程,所以Martin Joos使用了frozen 这个词来概括这种文体。
(四 )在表达 “原因”、“后果” 等概念 时 , 正 式 文 体 常 用 on account of, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to (the fact that) 等词或词组,且比 较经常地运用分词短语、独立主格结构 等; 非正式文体则常用 so,because 或其它形 式的表示原因的从句。 试比较 :
正式和非正式英语的一些表达方式
正式和非正式英语的一些表达方式(2)3. 主谓一致1) 单数比复数正式。 None /Neither of them has (have) arrived yet.2) 复数比单数正式。 If I were (was) you I would do that.Neither his wife nor his child have (has) arrived.There are (is) hundreds of people outside.3) 和kind 连用的名词单数比复数正式。 This kind of dog (These kinds of dogs are) is easy to train.I like most kind of cat (cats).4. 倒装句比不倒装句正式。Had I known it (If I had known it) I would have told you.Hardly have I seen this. (I have hardly seen this.)Under no circumstances must the door be left unlocked.(The door must be left unlocked under no circumstances.)Most of the problems a computer could solve easily.(A computer could solve most of the problems easily.)5. 不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。I know that he is a famous writer.He is a person whom I have known for several years.I spent all the week in writing my paper.I saw her on the day after her birthday.We are going to visit China in the following spring.You can borrow my pen if you want to borrow.He suggested that we should come early.6. 介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。He is a person on whom we can rely (whom we can rely on).With what did he write it? (What did he write it with?)7. 情态动词1) 用于请求时,`May' 比 `can' 正式。 May (Can) I use your bike?2) 用于请求时,`Would' 和 `Could' 比 `will' 和 `can' 正式。 Would /Could ( Will/Can) you like to give a speech?8. 泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式。The horse is a very useful animal.(Horses are very useful animals.)9. 从句比不定式的形式正式。It is important that we should do it (for us to do it).It seems that he is a teacher. (He seems to be a teacher.)10. 其它的一些句子(下划线是正式的形式)。1) If you come early, you will see him. (Come early and you will see him.)2) I shall try and do it. (I shall try to do it.)3) He is so young that he can not dress himself.(He is too young to dress himself.)4) It is so beautiful a city. (It is such a beautiful city.)5) Haven't you heard the news? (Have you not heard the news?)6) To my surprise, I hear the news. ( I'm surprised to hear the news.)7) We starts for Beijing tonight. (We are starting for Beijing tonight.)8) To begin with, (First ) we must consider this thoroughly.9) I go to see my old friend occasionally (now and then).10) I am hence (therefore) unable to help you.11) By the way, (Incidentally) do you know something about this?12) I was ill therefore (so) I could not come.13) He spoke loudly in order that (so that) every one could hear him.14) You should work hard even though (even if) you have made great progress.15) They asked me whether (if) they would come.16) He still works hard although (though) he is old.17) He took his umbrella lest (for fear that ) it
浅谈正式英语与口头英语有何不同
浅谈正式英语与口头英语有何不同
英语也分场合有正式和非正式之分。
正式英语(formal English)是比较严谨、庄重的语体。其特点是在词汇、句子、语音方面都必须严格遵守民族标准语言的规范。它所表达的是作者与读者直接的一种非个人的关系,它力求不借助其它非语言表达方式如面部表情、手势等来准确地表达思想。
而反过来说,非正式英语(informal English),又称口头英语(spoken English)或日常交谈语体。其特点是多少有些脱离标准语言规范,用词比较自由,句型结构比较简单。它体现出说话者和听者之间试图建立一种随和的、轻松的、亲密的关系。
在什么场合选择哪种正式程度的语言表达是一个十分重要的问题。有的情况下,用太过正式或太过不正式的语言都会给别人留下不好的印象(bad impression)。
那么,正式与非正式英语用法是怎样的呢?
1. 复杂的单词(complicated vocabulary)vs 简短的单词(short words)
比如说,fatigued(疲惫的)vs tired(疲惫的)、explode(爆炸)vs blow up(爆炸)、reduce(减少)vs cut down(减少)等等。
2. 复杂长句(long and complicated sentences)vs 简单短句(simple sentences)
比方说,“虽然当前经济十分强盛,但一些专家预言经济衰退即将来临”
正式:The economy is currently quite robust; nevertheless, some specialists predict an imminent recession.
正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式
正式和⾮正式英语的⼀些表达形式
语⾔是交际的⼯具,为了达到更好的交际⽬的,⼈们根据情景和交际的⽬的选择不同的⽂体。正式语⾔和⾮正式语⾔的运⽤是交际中重要的⽂体形式。在英语中正式英语⽤于⽐较严肃的场合,⽽⾮正式的英语⽤于⽐较随便的场合。下⾯是⼀些正式英语和⾮正式英语的形式。
1. 状语
1) 时间,原因和条件状语可以⽤⾮谓语动词的形式,也可以⽤状语从句的形式,⼀般的说,⾮谓语动词形式⽐状语从句形式正式。
Being (As he was) a farmer, he had to get up early.
Weather permitting (If weather permits), we shall go.
2)⽅式和程度状语可⽤介词短语,也可以⽤副词表⽰,⼀般说,介词短语⽐副词正式。
He spoke in a confident way/with confidence. (Confidently)
3) 英语中⽤⼀些副词有两种形式,⼀种是-ly形式,⼀种是同形容词的形式相同,⼀般说,前者⽐后者正式。
He read loudly (loud).
I guessed rightly (right).
4) 让步状语从句 `how (who, when, what) ever‘ 的形式⽐ no matter how (who, when, what) 的形式正式。
Whoever (No matter who) he is, I wont‘ see him.
2. 代词
I. 关系代词
1) 定语从句中作宾语的关系词`Whom‘ ⽐ `who‘正式。 Whom (Who) are you waiting for?
FORMAL AND INFORMAL正式与非正式英文
`the curvature of the wavefront' or `the wavefront curvature'. • But, there are exceptions to this. e.g. • `today's stock market prices' is better than `the stock market prices of today'.
Formal and informal
13. Do not use first-person pronouns ("I," "me," "my," "we," "us," etc.). Try to avoid "I think that," "I believe that," or "in my opinion." Simply delete these expressions from sentences, and you will be left with stronger sentences.
正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语
正式和非正式的英语打招呼用语
1. We have known each other for 6 years. 我们认识有六年了。
2. It has been a long time since I last came here. 自从我上次来这里已经有很长时间了。
3. Have you seen Mr. Smith recently? 最近你见过史密斯先生吗?
4. They’ve been working on this project since last year. 他们从去年开始一直都在做这个项目。
5. I’ve been watching TV all night. 我一整晚的电视。
6. Hi, Jack, where do you live now? 你好,杰克,你现在住哪儿?
7. I live at 203 Curzon Street. 我住在可胜街203号。
8. Curzon Street? Isn’t Mary living there? 可胜街?玛丽不是也住那儿吗?
9. Yes, she lives just across the street. 是的,她就住在街对面。
10. How long have you stayed there? 你在那儿住多久了?
1. Where are you going? 你去哪儿?
2. Where did you go for dinner yesterday? 你们昨天去哪儿吃的饭?
3. When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你?
SAT写作的正式和非正式英语
SAT写作的正式和非正式英语
SAT写作的正式和非正式英语
相信很多考生都知道一些正式以及非正式的,那么在SAT写作中要怎么运用它们呢?一起来看看店铺为大家整理收集了SAT写作中常见的一些正式和非正式英语吧,欢迎大家阅读!
SAT写作的正式英语
正式英语主要应用于SAT写作备考中,这种文体格式通常带有学术性的写作口吻,通常见于学术课本,大学论文,商业信函和合同中。
在口语表达方面,正式英语通常只用于官方或正式场合,例如,在大学毕业典礼上正式欢迎来宾。
正式英语比日常用语使用更多的复杂词汇。例如,正式用语常常比日常对话使用“更庞大”的词汇。如以下几个多音节词compensate, ascend 和 interrogate。正式用语还常常使用单个动词(如establish)来代替简单的短语动词(如set up)。此外,在正式用语中还要尽量避免俚语和口语的出现
当正式用语应用于SAT写作中时,句子通常较长,较为复杂,也应严格遵循语法规则。正式写作中,通常较为客观,经常使用it这样的非人称代词和动词的被动形式。应该尽量避免缩略语和缩写单词的出现。
SAT写作的'非正式英语
非正式英语是大多数人们日常所说的英语。非正式英语广泛应用于电子邮件和朋友书信中。
使用非正式英语的人们对词汇的选择不太在意,如:非正式英语使用很多较短的单词(如fire,climb和ask),使用许多口语词汇(如stuff, a lot of, thing和 sort of),还很使用一些短语动词(如使用set up ,而不用establish)。
如何辨认和使用正式与非正式词汇
英语中有三种主要文体格式:正式英语,非正式英语,流行英语。
正式英语
正式英语主要应用于写作中。这种文体格式通常带有学术性的写作口吻,通常见于学术课本,大学论文,商业信函和合同中。
在口语表达方面,正式英语通常只用于官方或正式场合,例如,在大学毕业典礼上正式欢迎来宾。
正式英语比日常用语使用更多的复杂词汇。例如,正式用语常常比日常对话使用“更庞大”的词汇。如以下几个多音节词compensate,ascend和interrogate。正式用语还常常使用单个动词(如establish)来代替简单的短语动词(如set up)。此外,在正式用语中还要尽量避免俚语和口语的出现。
当正式用语应用于写作中时,句子通常较长,较为复杂,也应严格遵循语法规则。正式写作中,通常较为客观,经常使用it这样的非人称代词和动词的被动形式。应该尽量避免缩略语和缩写单词的出现。
非正式英语和流行英语
非正式英语是大多数人们日常所说的英语。非正式英语广泛应用于电子邮件和朋友书信中。
使用非正式英语的人们对词汇的选择不太在意,如:非正式英语使用很多较短的单词(如fire, climb和ask),使用许多口语词汇(如stuff, a lot of, thing和sort of),还很使用一些短语动词(如使用set up ,而不用establish)。非正式英语在语法上没有正式英语要求严格,常使用简单的语法结构和比较松散的句子或短语。
在写作中,非正式英语比正式英语常常使用更加个人化的文体,常用第一,第二人称(例如I ,you, we)。缩写单词(如常常使用it’s,而不是it is)也常常见于非正式英语之中。而且,非正式英语比正式的写作句式通常更短。在正式英语写作中,常常使用较为正式的标点符号---而避免分号(;)和冒号(:)的出现,非正式英语则可以出现。
英语正式与非正式文体的区别
英语正式与非正式文体的区别
Features that distinguish formal and informal styles
1. Contractions like don't, mustn't, he's, I've, etc., are generally used in informal writing. In formal writing the full forms are preferred: do not, must not, he is, ect.
2. For indefinite reference “you” is often used in informal English while “one” is often used in formal English, eg: You never know what new measures the President will take.àOne never knows what new measures the President will take.
3. In informal English “that” can often be left our before an object clause, especially after verbs of saying or thinking
4. In informal style “they” is often used as a pronoun referring to everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, e.g: Has everyone finished doing his or her exercises? (formal)
英语中的语体
英语中的语体
语体是指语言表达中所使用的语言风格和语气。英语中的语体主要分为三种:正式语体、中性语体和口语语体。
一、正式语体
正式语体是指在正式场合使用的语言风格,通常用于书面文本、演讲、正式会议等场合。正式语体的特点是语言规范、严谨、正式、庄重,使用的词汇和句式比较正式,语气较为客观、冷静。例如:
1. 词汇使用:使用较为正式的词汇,如使用“utilize”代替“use”、“terminate”代替“end”等。
2. 句式使用:使用较为复杂的句式,如使用“not only…but also…”、“although…”、“despite…”等。
3. 语气使用:使用客观、正式、庄重的语气,如使用“may I ask…”、“I would like to…”等。
二、中性语体
中性语体是指在正式和非正式场合都可以使用的语言风格,通常用于新闻报道、科技文献、学术论文等场合。中性语体的特点是语言简洁、明确、中立,使用的
词汇和句式比较普通,语气较为客观、中立。例如:
1. 词汇使用:使用普通的词汇,如使用“use”代替“utilize”、“end”代替“terminate”等。
2. 句式使用:使用简单明了的句式,如使用“and”、“but”、“because”等。
3. 语气使用:使用客观、中立的语气,如使用“according to…”、“it is believed that…”等。
三、口语语体
口语语体是指在非正式场合使用的语言风格,通常用于日常交流、社交场合、非正式会议等场合。口语语体的特点是语言随意、自由、轻松,使用的词汇和句式比较口语化,语气较为亲切、自然。例如:
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正式和非正式英语的一些表达形式
●状语
1) 时间,原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式,也可以用状语从句的形式,一般的说,非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。
Being (As he was) a farmer, he had to get up early.
Weather permitting (If weather permits), we shall go.
2)方式和程度状语可用介词短语,也可以用副词表示,一般说,介词短语比副词正式。
He spoke in a confident way / with confidence. (confidently)
3) 英语中用一些副词有两种形式,一种是-ly形式,一种是同形容词的形式相同,一般说,前者比后者正式。
I'll get back as quickly (quick) as I can.
He read loudly (loud).
I guessed rightly (right).
4) 让步状语从句`how (who, when, what) ever' 的形式比no matter how (who, when, what) 的形式正式。
However (No matter how) difficult the work may be, I shall finish it.
●代词
I. 关系代词
1) 定语从句中作宾语的关系词`Whom' 比`who'正式。
He is the person whom (who) I met the other day.
2) 在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词`Who' `whom' and `which'比`that' 正式。
He is the person who (that) is well-known all over the country.
This is the book which (that) I bought yesterday.
I know the person whom (that) you spoke to.
3) 指时间和地点的从句`Prep + which' 比`when' and `where' 从句正式。
This is the place in which (where ) I worked.
That is the day on which (when) I came.
II. 人称代词
1) 通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。
He is taller than I (me).
Who is there ? It is I.(me)
2) 在动名词前,所属格比主格正式。
Do you mind my (me) smoking?
I am surprised at his (him) making that mistake.
3) 单数人称代词比复数正式。
Everyone should do his (their) duty.
Give me (us) a kiss, darling.
Everyone thinks he knows (they know) the answer.
4) 指作者本人用`We' 比`I' 正式。
As we (I) showed in Chapter One, it is not an easy question.
5) 泛指人时,`One' 比`you' 正式。
One (You) never knows what may happen.
6) 在复合句中,主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时,主句中用名词比用人称代词正式。
The plane took off as soon as it had refueled.
(It took off as soon as the plane had refueled.)
III. 指示代词
1) 当`This' 和`that'都是后指时,'that' 比`this' 正式。
That (This) is what I thought.
2.)`that / those' 作为先行词比名词正式。
Those flowers are better than those which (the flowers) we planted last year.
●主谓一致
1) 单数比复数正式。
None / Neither of them has (have) arrived yet.
2) 复数比单数正式。
If I were (was) you I would do that.
Neither his wife nor his child have (has) arrived.
There are (is) hundreds of people outside.
3) 和kind 连用的名词单数比复数正式。
This kind of dog (These kinds of dogs are) is easy to train.
I like most kind of cat (cats).
●倒装句比不倒装句正式。
Had I known it (If I had known it) I would have told you.
Hardly have I seen this. (I have hardly seen this.)
Away went the car (The car went away) like a whirl wind.
Under no circumstances must the door be left unlocked.
(The door must be left unlocked under no circumstances.)
Most of the problems a computer could solve easily.
(A computer could solve most of the problems easily.)
●不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。
I know that he is a famous writer.
He is a person whom I have known for several years.
I spent all the week in writing my paper.
I saw her on the day after her birthday.
We are going to visit China in the following spring.
You can borrow my pen if you want to borrow.
He suggested that we should come early.
●介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。
He is a person on whom we can rely (whom we can rely on).
With what did he write it? (What did he write it with?)