新编英语教程3 Unit 12 language work

Unit 12Text II．Writing SkillsThe story is told in the first person by the child himself. It is informal in style and reflects a child‟s thinking and manner of expression.①The writer uses plain words, simple sentences, short paragraphs, simple grammatical structures and straightforward statements. He concentrates on narrating events with a minimum amount of comment and description.②The style is distinctly conversational in tone.II. Language Points1. were worn clear through: were completely worn oute.g. The mentally ill man got clear away just as his family was about to take him tohospital.His socks were worn clear through.Par. My coat is completely worn out.His gloves were completely worn out.2. distribute①distribute (vt.)a)give or send out (to, among a number of person or places) 分配e.g. Parents are careful in ~ ing things among their children.The teacher will ~ the test papers to his students.Products of labour should be fairly ~ dPar. He left some money to be given out among the servants.The man had 40 parcels to be sent out to houses of this area.Please give out these apples among the boys.b) spread out(over a large area), divide散布、分布e.g. The peasants are ~ ing manure over a field.The chairs are ~ d round (about) the room.par. The lessons are divided into 24 chapters.Weather stations are spread out all over the country.The new machine spreads out seed evenly and quickly over the whole farm.c) put into groups or classes分类e.g. He will ~ the seeds and choose the good one.par. The books in the library are put into groups according to subjects.The process is put into three stages.②distribution (n.)a) 分配e.g. The boys complained that the ~ of prizes was unfair.They could not agree about the ~ of the profits.b) 分布、散布、布局e.g. The ~ of schools in this city has been criticized.We learn a text about the rainfall ~.The pine-tree has a very wide ~.③distributive (adj.)a) of distribution分配的、分布的e.g. ~ trades运销业He doesn‟t like his ~ work.b) of each, individual, each member of个别的e.g. “Each, every, either, and neither” are sometimes called ~ pronouns.3. was to bring money: must bring moneywere to write = must writepar. Our teacher made it clear to us that we must hand in our exercise books next week.The manager said they must finish their work before 5pm.The headmaster explained to the young man that he was to teach the threedifferent levels of pupils in turn.4. out of①with (a material) /from (a material)e.g. Mary made herself a dress out of the curtain material.The stool was made out of the bits of wood the furniture factory had disposed of.②out of : withoute.g. My father is out of work now and we h adn‟t any money.He was out of breath when he reached the top of the hill.p ar. Fish can‟t live without water.We have no food left. (We are/ have run out of food.)③out of : because ofe.g. It was done out of mischief.par. They helped us because of pity.I asked only because of curiosity.5. quite a joker: a very good joker…quite‟ is used just before a singular noun without adj ective to show that a person or thing is unusual or more than the average of the type.不寻常的，了不起的e.g. That was quote a party. = It was unusually noisy or nice or interesting or long orwild, etc.)She‟s quite a girl.That‟s quite a story.6. nourish①nourish (vt.)a)keep sb. alive and well with food, make well a strong; improve land with manure滋养使健壮；用肥料等改良e.g. We all need good food to ~ our bodies.She tries to ~ her baby with good food.We must ~ the soil.b) have or encourage (feelings) 怀有(愿望等)e.g. The young man ~ed a deep affection for his mother.~ hope/ love/ hatred/ dislike (for)par. He has hope in his heart.He has feelings of hatred for the old man.She has strong dislike for the boy.She has the hope of a trip abroad.②nourishing (adj.)e.g. Milk, eggs and meat are ~ing food.It is ~ing soil.③nourished (adj.)e.g. This is a well ~ed baby.④nourishment (n.)[u]: sth.(food) that is good to people’s bodies营养take/absorb ~吸取营养e.g. Do you have enough ~ here?She is beginning to recover after taking some ~.7. seal①(v.)a)to stick sth. down封口, 封住e.g. We ~ the jar of fruit. (make it airtight)Nowadays, people ~ the parcels with sticky tape.(fig.) His lips are ~ed. (=He doesn‟t speak.)I must ~ my lips today.His eyes are ~ed with sleep.~ in 保持住e.g. The new jar will ~ in freshness (and ~ out smell.)Cook the meat quickly to ~ in the juices.Our special canning process ~s the flavour in.~ off 封住, 封闭e.g. He ~ed off the bottle.The police ~ed off the area.~ up封牢, 堵塞住e.g. Remove some rocks and ~ up the cave.It‟s so cold, please ~ up the windows.b) put the signature盖章e.g. You must ~ the document.You must ask the dean to ~ your school report.c) settle, decide解决, 决定e.g. We ~ed our argument with a handshake.par. They settled the bargain with concession.The judge‟s words settled the prisoner‟s fate.②(n.)a) piece of metal etc. on which a design and which is used to stamp the seal on wax,etc.图章, 印章e.g. The king put/ applied the ~ to the document.The document bore the king‟s ~.He pressed his ~ into the hot wax.The Seal of State is attached to important government papers.b) piece of wax, lead, etc. Stamped with a design attached to a document or a letter or a box etc. 封蜡,封条, 封印e.g. The door is fastened by a ~.The envelope‟s ~ is torn open.break/ take off/ tear open the seal启封, 拆封~ of one’s approval/ consent正式同意e.g. He gave the ~ of his approval.put/set one’s ~ to 拟准, 同意e.g. He put his ~ to their proposal/plan.8. feel like①feel like sth.: seem like when touchede.g. On Christmas Day my uncle gave me a parcel which contained something that feltlike bars of chocolate.In pitch darkness when the wounded soldier touched the ground, it felt like watereverywhere. Early next morning, his comrades-in-arms found him lying in a poolof blood.②eel like (doing) sth.---be inclined to do sth.e.g. Peter is down with measles. He doesn‟t feel like eating anything.Let‟s have a walk around the campus after supper, if you feel like it.par. I am inclined to see a film. (I feel like seeing a film.)He was inclined to have a cup of tea. (He felt like a cup of tea.)9. distress①distress (vt): cause great pain, discomfort or sorrow使痛苦, 使伤心e.g. The boy‟s writing his name on the envelope ~ed his mother.par. The bad news form home caused great pain to her.The failure in the exam made him upset.Don‟t make yourself suffer.②(n.)a) [u] great pain, discomfort, sorrow痛苦, 穷困eg: Her husband died and she was in great ~.She cried out in ~.His good friend‟s visit caused him more ~ than pleasure.b) [c] sth. that makes sb. sufferbe a great ~ to sb.e.g. His failure in the exam is a great ~ to him.par. He made his mother suffer. (He was a ~ to his mother.)c)serious danger or difficulty or poverty穷困,危难be in ~e.g. It was obvious that the poor woman was in ~.par. He was ready to lend his help to anyone in difficulty.The lifeboat went out to a shop in danger.③distressing (adj.): causing great pain or discomforte.g. The writer‟s writing his name was ~ing.It is a piece of ~ing news.What he said is ~ing.④distressed (adj.): upset and sadbe ~ed about /ate.g. She was ~ed about her exam/ her failure.Mr. Smith was ~ed at the loss of his property.be ~ed to do sthe.g. We were much /deeply ~ed to hear the news of his wife‟s death.10. gutter (n.)①channel fixed under the edge of a roof to carry away rain water, channel at the sideof a road to carry away rain water路旁的水沟②(fig.) streets, esp. of a poor districtthe language of the ~下流的语言11. as long as/ so long as: if , on condition thate.g. I will help you as /so far as I can.So/ As long as you can come back before dark, you may go on/ for a picnic withyour friends.c.f. as/so far as: to the degree or distance thate.g. The hikers walked as far as the Great Wall.12. coop (v.)be/ stay cooped up in: be confined toe.g. How long are we going to stay ~ed up in here? Let‟s get out for some fresh air!They were/stayed ~ed up in the house/ classroom by the rain.13. sb./sth. takes on a ~ looke.g. My village has taken on a new look.He has just had a haircut. So he takes o a new look.Professor Li always takes on a joking look.14. dress①(v)a)(vi.) put clothes one.g. I‟ll be ready in a moment; I‟m ~ing.She often ~ed in black.put on special correct formal clothes for the evening穿正式(晚) 礼服, 盛装e.g. He said he would go to the party if he didn‟t have to ~.b) (vt.)~ oneself/ sbeg: Please ~ the baby, George.be ~ed: to be wearinge.g. He is not ~ed in his uniform.② (n.)a) clothing, esp. outer clothing服装,衣裳e.g. In this play, the actors wear the ~ of 100 years ago.b)clothing worn on special occasions or by special types of peoplee.g. evening ~ 晚礼服③ (adj.)a)related to or used for a dresse.g. ~ material衣料b).requiring or permitting formal dresse.g. a ~ affair盛装的活动15. arrogant①arrogant (adj.): showing too much pride in oneselfe.g. The boss‟s son is ~ to all the workers.He always speaks in an ~ tone.②arrogance (n.)e.g. His ~ led to his failure.16. bewilder (vt.): puzzle, confusebewildering, bewildered (adj.)bewilderment (n.)e.g. Some problems in maths bewilder meBig city traffic is bewildering.I‟m bewildered by the housing problem.He looked at me in open-mouthed bewilderment.par. I waited with a feeling of confusion which was painful/ agonizing.We were puzzled by what he said.His explanation of the matter is confusing.17. numb①(adj.): without ability to feel any more, esp. as a result of coldeg: My fingers are ~ with cold.My hands are ~ after an hour outside on such a cold day.Note: (fig.)e.g. The sight of the lion made him ~ with fear.②(v.)e.g. The cold ~ed my hands.Note: (often pass.) to cause to feel nothing or no pain; make numbe.g. Our fingers are ~e d with cold.They were ~ed with grief.18. ache①ache (vi.)a) have continuous or prolonged pain (持续的)疼痛e.g. My legs ~d and I was tired. (=I had pain in my leg:)His stomach ~d because he ate too much.I ~ all over. (I have pain all over.)(fig.)It made my heart ~.b) have a longing渴望be ~ing /~ for sth./to do sth.e.g. He is ~ing for a chance to go to the United States to pursue his further studies.par. The little boy was longing for a personal computer/home.The young man wanted to see the girl very much.(His heart ~d for the girl.) (很想见)They longed to be free.②(n.) [c]: continuous pain (sing. with or without the indefinite article)have a headache/ stomachache/ toothache /earache: suffer from…e.g. He felt an ~ in his stomach/head.or: He had a stomachache /headache.I had aches and pains all over. (not: pains and aches)19. stun①stun (v.)a) make unconscious by a blow on the heade.g. The blow ~ned the boy.They ~ned the animal before shooting it, so that it would not suffer.b) shock into helplessness, confuse the minde.g. The bad news ~ned her.He was ~ned by the unfairness of their judgement.②stunning (adj.)e. g. The news that the baby girl had been strangled to death by her own mother was ~ning.③stunned (adj.)e.g. He was ~ned by /with the sudden news/her beauty.We were ~ned with finding out the fact.20. fit①(v.)a) (vt.) (vi.) be the right size, shape fore.g. The coat doesn‟t ~ me.He will just ~ the position.Her behavior doesn‟t ~ her new position.Your suit ~s well.The door ~s badly.~ in/intoe.g. He ~ted the picture into the frame.The shelf is too small. The big books won‟t fit in.~ in withe.g. Your idea ~s in with mine.The house ~s in beautifully with its surrounding.The story ~s in with the facts.b)make (sb. or oneself) suitable or competent for sth. or to do sth.~ sb./oneself fore.g. Her experience fits her for the new job.I have to ~ myself for the position.His great height ~ted him for basketball.~ sth./ab. to +ne.g. We must ~ our policy to the situation.You must try your best to yourself to the new environment.c) put into placee.g. Can you ~ the lid on?He has ~ted a new lick on the door.Please ~ the shelf onto that wall.~ withe.g. We‟ll ~ the room with a carpet.I‟ll ~ the drawer with a lock.The car is ~ted with a radio.d) try on (常用~ing形式)e.g. Can you come back for a fitting?Is there any fitting room here?②(adj.) suitablee.g. We have decided on a ~ time and place for the meeting.This is a subject ~ for poetry.The food is not fit to eat.He is physically ~ for an airman/ to be an airman.She runs three miles every morning, that‟s why she‟s so ~.③(n.).e.g. This dress is a beautiful ( an excellent).The shoes are just your ~.Be sure to make me a good ~.21. whisper①(v.)a) to speak ( words ) with noisy breath, but not with the usual movements in the throatwhich produce the voice, so that only a person close by can heare.g. She ~ed a few words weakly before she fell unconscious.Mary ~ed something in my ear.~ sth (a word) to sb./ ~ to sb. a worde.g. She ~ed a word to her friend.Tom is ~ing to his neighbor.~ to sb. that…e.g. He ~ed to me that he would leave.b) (usu. of the wind) to make a soft sounde.g. The wind ~ed in the pines.c) to tell (a secret) widely将(秘密)传开e.g. His adventures have been ~ed through the village/ ~ed about / ~ed everywhere.The neighborhood is ~ing about his story.②(n.)a) [c] whispering sound or speech低声, 耳语,私话[c]e.g. She said it in a ~, so I couldn‟t hear.They were talking in ~s.b) a piece of information passed secretly from one person to another, rumor流言,传闻, 谣言[c]e.g. I‟ve heard a ~ that old Bill is going to lose his job next month.Whispers are going round that the firm is likely to go bankrupt.No ~ about having a new teacher has come to our ears.c) (usu. sing.) a soft windy sounde.g. Can you hear the ~ of the wind in the roof?22. renunciation①renunciation (n.): the act of giving up; self deniale.g. Don‟t sign the ~ of your right.His ~ of his claim of property surprised us.②renounce (v.)a) to say formally that one has no more connection withe.g. He ~d his religion and became a Muslim.The old man ~d his wicked son.b) to give up ( a claim, possession); say formally that one does not wone.g. He has ~d his claim to the property.The prince ~d his rights to the throne.24. hurt (v.)①cause bodily injury or pain to; damagee.g. He ~ his back when he fell.He was ~ when he fell.These shoes are too tight, they ~ (me /my foot).②to cause a person or other living creature to feel pain (physically)e.g. My head ~s sometimes.His stomach ~ for he had eaten too many apples.③to cause pain to the feelings of a persone.g. My feelings were ~ when he didn‟t ask me to the party.It ~s me when you talk like that.The insult ~ him deeply.What you said ~ his feelings.I was very (much) ~ at his words.④(infml) have a bad effect one.g. I am sure smoking ~s you.The bad weather ~s his business.⑤phrase:It won’t ~ to…做…没有害处e.g. It won‟t ~ to wait a bit longer.It won‟t ~ you to miss breakfast for once.It won‟t ~ to take one more subject.25. clench①to close tightly, press firmly togethere.g. She ~ed her teeth/jaws.He ~ed his fingers /fist.~ one‟s teeth/fist on /upon sb./sth.②grasp, hold firmlye.g. He ~ed his money in his hand when he died.IV. Translation1.有些人喜欢在发言之前清清嗓子。