2012年西湖区初中生学业水平测试
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州市西湖区中考三模英语试题含答案
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州市西湖区中考三模英语试题含答案注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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Ⅰ. 单项选择1、— Do you think there are aliens?—I’m afraid not. .A.Practice makes perfect B.To see is to believe C.Do as Romans do2、——I'm really _______ when I speak English in class.——Take it easy. You're the best.A.nervous B.surprised C.comfortable D.confident3、—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?—Either day is OK.It makes no________to me.A.choice B.change C.difference D.decision4、—I was just in time to get there for the meeting. Thank you for lending me the bike.—_________A.That’s right B.Of course notC.Y ou’re welcome D.The same to you5、---When will car race begin---I'm not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after nextA.a; the B.an; the C.the; a D.the; the6、–The players in Super Brain can work out different problems in a very short time.–they are! They have super brains indeed.A.How interesting B.How amazingC.What interesting D.What amazing7、Every time I see strawberries, the sweet and beautiful color always make my mouth water.A.voice B.taste C.shape D.smile8、All of us are proud that we can live peacefully and happily in China _______ the umbrella of our powerful country. A.from B.with C.under D.to9、good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you.A.Taking B.To take C.Taken D.Take10、---Was this photo taken in Tibet?---Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the ______ of the photo.A.form B.shapeC.background D.DirectionⅡ. 完形填空11、Have you ever heard of the word “Internet Plus”? Have you ever download things conveniently 1 the help of free Wifi? Have you bought things easily through online shopping just at home?Nowadays Internet is here and there, and we can’t leave wi thout it even for a minute. For example, we use Internet to buy what we want more and more, because it is not only convenient but also 2 than the shops in the super shopping malls. What’s more, Internet is becoming more and more popular in big 3 . Without Internet, it is impossible for the office workers to communicate easily. They use MSN or 4 chatting ways to talk online and send e-mails or messages quickly and instantly. They can hold online meetings or video talks immediately. It even created a new work style 5 “SOHO”, because the workers in this style can work at home 6 their workplaces.Internet brings us not only money, but also time. It also changes the way of our living styles. Internet offers us free pictures, music, games and different kinds of 7 we need or whatever we can imagine. If a person does not know how to use the Internet, I think he 8 a colorful and fantastic world.9 , every coin has two sides. Since Internet appears, people have felt the distance among them is becoming larger and larger, and many children can’t study well because they 10 themselves in the online games.In a word, although Internet influences our life greatly and widely, we must use it properly and smartly.1.A.in B.on C.with D.without2.A.faster B.cheaper C.expensive D.easier3.A.schools B.hospitals C.farms D.companies4.A.other B.others C.the other D.another5.A.name B.named C.naming D.names6.A.instead B.out of C.instead of D.because of7.A.stories B.information C.jobs D.dreams8.A.misses B.likes C.gets D.enjoys9.A.So B.However C.But D.And10.A.find B.need C.teach D.loseⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的动词,并用其适当的形式填空,有的需要加助动词或动词不定式符号.do improve feel begin payYoga is a kind of sport. It is very popular around the world now. Why do so many people like it?The common reason is that yoga makes you1.better and healthier in body, mind and spirit.Yoga2.in India about 5,000 years ago. At that time, people wanted to be free, healthy and live a long life, so this kind of exercise was born. Yoga is an Indian word that means “to join together”. There are three parts of yoga together: exercise, breathing and meditation (沉思). In the past years, people 3.more attention to the spirit. While you4.this spirit,it can give you peace,help you feel relaxed and have fewer worries and illnesses.If you keep doing it,you5.yourself inside a lot.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、Different countries have different customs. When you are in different countries, you should follow their customs.In China, it's impolite to talk when eating dinner. And you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at the table.Very often people who travel to the United States forget to tip. It is usual to tip waiters, taxi drivers and porters who help carry your bags. Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the cost of your meal. Taxi drivers expect about the same amount.In England, make sure to stand in line even if there are only two of you. It's important to respect lines there. It's a good idea to talk about the weather. It's a favorite subject of conversation with the British.In Spain, it's a good idea to have a light meal in the afternoon if someone invites you for dinner. People have dinner very late, and restaurants do not generally open until after 9:00 pm.In Saudi Arabia, men kiss one another on the cheek. Your host may welcome you with a kiss on both cheeks. It is polite for you to do the same.In Japan, people usually give personal or business cards to each other when they meet for the first time. When a person gives you a card, don't put it into your pocket as soon as you get it. The person expects you to read it.Don't forget to be careful of your body language to express something in conversations. A kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another.1.How many countries are mentioned besides the UK in this passage?A.Four. B.Five. C.Six.2.If you travel to the US, you spend $200 on a taxi ride and $320 on a meal, you are supposed to tip in total. A.$60 B.$78 C.$1563.The favorite subject of conversation with the British is to .A.stand in lineB.talk about the weatherC.kiss them on the cheek4.Which of the following is True?A.It’s impolite to eat first if there are older people at the table in China.B.Generally, restaurants don’t offer dinner after 9:00 pm in Spain.C.In Japan, people hardly exchange their personal cards when meeting5.The main idea of the passage is about .A.body languageB.different countries, the same cultureC.following different customs when in different countriesB14、One morning, as Mary was skipping(跳绳)slowly along the long path, she heard the sound of music. She was very curious and went to find out. A boy was sitting under a tree. He was playing music. He had blue eyes and red cheeks(脸颊). A squirrel and two rabbits were watching him and listening to the music. When he saw Mary he said, "I'm Dickon. I know who you are. You are Miss Mary. " He took out a parcel(包裹)"Here are the garden tools. I bought some packets of seeds(种子), too. ""Please show them to met" said Mary."If you like," Dickon said, "I can plant them for you. Where's your garden?""Can you keep a secret?" she said"I keep secrets all the time," Dickon laughed."I stole a garden," Mary said quickly. "Nobody wants it. Perhaps everything is dead in it already. I don't know. " She began to cry."Where is it?" asked Dickon."Come with me," she said.She took him along the path to the wall with the ivy(常春藤)on it. Then she unlocked the door and they went in together."Here it is," she said. "It's a secret garden.”Dickon's blue eyes opened wide in surprise as he looked at the garden."It's very pretty," he whispered. "It's like being in a dream. In the spring there are going to be loads(大量的)of birds' nests here. ""Are the roses alive or dead?" Mary asked him. He went up to an old tree and pointed at the branch(树枝). It was dry and grey but there was a small green bit growing on it."This bit's alive," he explained. "But there's a lot of old wood that is dead. We must cut it off.There are going to be lots of roses here this summer." They went from bush to bush and from tree to tree. He was very strong and clever with his knife. He knew how to cut off the dry and dead wood"There's a lot of work to do here," he said."Can you come again and help me?" Mary asked him. "Please, Dickon!""Yes, every day if you like," he answered."Please, please don't tell anyone about the secret garden, Dickon," she said."Of course not," answered Dickon. "It's our secret."1.Dickon was ____________ when Mary found him.A.playing music B.listening to musicC.planting the seeds D.skipping along the long path2.What was in Dickon's parcle?A.the key to the door of the garden B.some garden toolsC.some musical instruments D.some birds' nests3.From the dialogue between Mary and Dickon, we can infer(推断)that _____________.A.they might meet here again B.Dickon felt scared in the gardenC.there were lots of dead roses D.neither of them would keep the secret4.The underlined word "work" refers(所指)to _______________.A.making some new birds' nests B.planting some seeds in the gardenC.clearing up the dry and grey branch D.cutting off the dry and dead wood5.The best title(标题)of this passage probably is _____________.A.A Helpful boy-Dickon B.Die Boy's SecretC.Exploring the Secret Garden D.Mary and DickonC15、Have you ever hiccupped (打嗝)in a quiet room full of people? Have you ever hiccupped so hard that you had to stop what you were doing? The hiccups is a problem that almost everyone has experienced.The reasons for getting hiccupsPeople get hiccups for some reasons. Hiccups might result from eating or drinking too much or too quickly. A sudden change in the stomach’s temperature, such as drinking hot water immediately after drinking cold water, mayalso cause hiccups. They may even happen because of being excited or being under a lot of stress.Making hiccups go awayIdeas on how to stop hiccups have been created, shared, and tried for years. However, what works for one person may not work for everyone. Perhaps the most common method people use is to hold their breath for a few seconds. If this doesn’t work, you can try swallowing (吞下)hard while holding your breath. There are also some strange-sounding ways, like drinking a lot of water. Someone might even try to scare away hiccups.Ideas for curing (治愈)hiccups often include things found in the kitchen. Some people put sweet and sour things into water. Many people believe that eating some sugar can make hiccups go away.Award-winning methodIn 2010, a young girl named Mallory Kievman couldn’t make her hiccups go away. None of the ideas that she knew worked for her. So she decided to find her own cure for hiccups. She knew that sweet and sour things were commonly used to cure hiccups, and she knew that swallowing hard could also help. She decided to use the two ideas to make a special lollipop(棒棒糖). She experimented with different things in the kitchen. After she failed many times, Mallory invented a lollipop that worked by putting water, sugar and vinegar (醋) together. She named her invention Hiccupops.Mallory wanted to find out whether her lollipops would help others. She gave her lollipops to friends. Most of them were cured of their hiccups after eating the lollipops.Mallory entered a competition with her lollipop and won three awards for her creative idea.1.Why does the writer begin the passage with the ideas in Paragraph 1?A.To make the time of getting hiccups clear.B.To suggest what it feels like to have hiccups.C.To explain to us why people have trouble curing hiccups.D.To interest us in a subject that many people have experienced.2.In which situation will you probably get a hiccup? .A.Y ou are going to take an exam without preparation.B.Y ou drink a bowl of soup slowly.C.Y ou swallow some medicine.D.Y ou eat a Hiccupop.3.The way people use most to stop hiccups isA.holding the breath for a few secondsB.swallowing hard while holding the breathC.drinking a lot of waterD.eating some lollipops4.Which of the following is TRUE about Mallory Kievman?A.It was not easy for her to invent her lollipops.B.The ingredients (材料)of her lollipops aren’t easy to find.C.Her lollipops can help everyone get away from hiccups.D.She won three competitions with her lollipops.D16、There are plenty of possible reasons why you don't have any flow-ers near you. Perhaps, you just don't like them. Or maybe someone nearby doesn't. Maybe you're at work, and flowers are not allowed. Assuming(假定)the problem is simply that you don't have time to go out and get flowers, you may be surprised to learn just how easy it actu-ally is.It's good to get flowers for yourself, but even better to be given them. I'm sure you know this, just as I'm sure there's someone special in your life who feels the same way. So why not take the chance to make someone happy, and get them some flowers? I know, you would, but it's just too much trouble. Well, that's where you're wrong!It' s a good excuse, and while it might have worked in the past, I'm afraid it doesn't work any more. Perhaps you are really too busy to go into town and get some flowers. On the other hand, the fact that you are reading this clearly shows that you have enough time to go online. Nowadays, you can buy pretty well anything online, and yes that includes flowers. By the way, there's another point to consider here. Price. I'm sure you've noticed that you can usually get things cheaper if you buy online, and flowers are no exception(例外). For the same price as a few roses, you could have a full bouquet of flowers picked and arranged by an expert.So why are you still here? Go online, and hunt down some flowers! There are plenty of flower shops available(可得到的),and you should have no trouble finding one thatdeliversnear you, espe-cially if you live in a city or large town. Then you're just a few clicks away from a beautiful bouquet.根据材料内容选择最佳答案,将其标号填入题前括号内1.This passage mainly tells us that______.A.there are few flowers around us nowB.flowers are not allowed in the workplacesC.people don't like flowers any moreD.how we can get flowers when we're busy2.From the third paragraph, we can know that______.A.we can get flowers with the help of the InternetB.it is very difficult for us to get more flowersC.everyone used to be very busy with their workD.we are too busy to surf the Net3.The underlined word "delivers" in the last paragraph means____.A.买B.邮寄C.预订D.传授4.The following reasons why you don’t like flowers are talked about except A.Y ou don’t like the flowersB.The flowers are expensiveC.Y ou’re at workD.Flowers aren’t allowed5.What's the purpose of the author's writing this passage?A.To advise people to buy flowers online.B.To explain why people don't buy flowers.C.To list the advantages of buying flowers online.D.To share some information about a flower shop.E17、1.Theabove material is probably from a .A.Newspaper B.Textbook C.Website D.magazine2.Who is the above material especially for?A.Science B.Doctors of chemistryC.Animal lovers D.Middle school students3.Which part doesn’t include a listening material?A.MAGIC WORLD B.OUR WORLDC.SCIENCE STUDY D.SCHOOL TIME4.You can read about the following information EXCEPT in SCIENCE STUDY.A.What people find in the human body B.A kind of animalC.The secret of names D.Chemical colors5.If you want to learn something about the customs in a foreign country, you can read .A.MAGIC WORLD B.OUR WORLDC.READING & WRITING D.FRONTPAGEF18、Saying “thank you” is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language. After all, we’re brought up to be kind and polite.So, what exactly are you supposed to say when “thank you” is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude (感激)? According to a recent report, 19 other ways of expressing gratitude finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll (投票) of3,000 people.Pollsters found almost half those asked preferred the more informal (非正式的) “cheers”, while others liked to use such expressions as “ta”, “great” and “nice one”.So, just what is the right form of words to express your thanks?Luckily, the answer is in the langu age itself. “Cheers” is considered an informal way to say thank you. For example, when going for a drink with friends, a smile and a “cheers” by way of thanks is not only acceptable to the situation, it is also culturallyaccurate.“Ta” was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also commonly used in informal situations, along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “wonderful”.Interestingly, one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was “thanks”. But “thanks” can be useful, as it is able to bridge the divide between “thank you” and the downright relaxed “cheers”.Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight. For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant” and “you star” can tell both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the receiving end of a “new” thank you, you can reply with a simple “no problem”, or “sure”.Of course, a simple wave, nod or smile may be all right. For example, if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road, simply raising your hand is enough to show that you are thankful for the driver’s consideration.Sometimes, formality is necessary, and “thank you” is still the best choice in such situations. But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions.Many people in western countries are worried that good manners are in decline (衰退). People are tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without any feedback. So don’t think that your “thank you” was useless o r too formal. The chances are, if you said “thank you”, you made someone’s day.1.(小题1)We can tell from the result of the poll that ______.A.people are worrying about politeness nowadaysB.there are many kinds of expressions of gratitudeC.“thank you” is the most popular expression of gratitudeD.there are more formal expressions of gratitude than informal ones2.(小题2)What does the underlined word “accurate”in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Clear and exact.B.Simple but strange.C.Short and informal.D.Informal but popular.3.(小题3)Which of the following can express gratitude as well as pleasure?A.Sure. B.No problem. C.Ta. D.Y ou star.4.(小题4)In the last paragraph the writer encourages people to ______.A.help others behave wellB.show their gratitude to othersC.continue their language learningD.stop worrying about social activitiesⅤ.书面表达19、临近毕业,学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动,假设你是Moonlight 小组的组长,请根据下面表格中的信息和提示,为你的组员Tommy 进行综合素质的评价,写一份素质报告.要求:1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯;2、要点必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;3、词数:100 词左右;4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight.参考答案Ⅰ. 单项选择1、B2、A3、C4、C5、D6、B7、B8、C9、D10、CⅡ. 完形填空11、1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.B8.A9.B10.DⅢ. 语法填空12、1.feel 2.began 3.have paid 4.are doing(do) 5.will improve Ⅳ. 阅读理解13、1.B2.B3.B4.A5.C14、1.A2.B3.A4.D5.C15、1.D2.A3.A4.A16、1.D2.A3.B4.B5.A17、1.C2.D3.D4.C5.B18、1.B2.A3.D4.BⅤ.书面表达19、Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight. He is clever and he is good at all his lessons. He is so generous that he shares everything with his friends.He likes reading because he thinks he can get much knowledge and learn more about the world by reading. And reading has a good effect on children’s growth. At home, he can help his parents do some housework. At school, he gets on well with his classmates. On the way to school, he obeys the traffic rules. He crosses the road when the light is green. Our school presented him with Award for Best Student this year. However, Tommy is stressed when the exam comes. And he doesn’t have enough sleep.I think he should g o over what he has learned before exams. It’s better for him to manage his time wisely so that he can have enough time to rest.。
杭州市西湖区七年级下期末数学试卷含答案解析(浙教版)
浙江省杭州市西湖区七年级(下)期末试卷数学一、仔细选一选(本题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)下面每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把正确选项前的字母填在答题卷中相应格子内.注意可以用多种不同的方法来选取正确答案.1.下列计算正确的是()A.(a3)3=a9B.a2+a2=a4C.(a+1)2=a2+1 D.1+=2.要了解全校学生的课外作业负担情况,你认为以下抽样方法中比较合理的是()A.调查全体女生B.调查全体男生C.调查九年级全体学生D.调查七、八、九年级各50名学生3.下列代数式变形中,是因式分解的是()A. ab(b﹣2)=ab2﹣ab B.3x﹣6y+3=3(x﹣2y)C.x2﹣3x+1=x(x﹣3)+1 D.﹣x2+2x﹣1=﹣(x﹣1)24.如图,能判定EB∥AC的条件是()A.∠C=∠ABE B.∠A=∠EBD C.∠C=∠ABC D.∠A=∠ABE5.化简的结果是()A.﹣x﹣y B.y﹣x C.x﹣y D.x+y6.803﹣80能被()整除.A.76 B.78 C.79 D.827.与方程5x+2y=﹣9构成的方程组,其解为的是()A.x+2y=1 B.3x+2y=﹣8 C.3x﹣4y=﹣8 D.5x+4y=﹣38.计算(a﹣b)(a+b)(a2﹣b2)的结果是()A.a4﹣2a2b2+b4B.a4+2a2b2+b4C.a4+b4 D.a4﹣b49.如图,将边长为5cm的等边△ABC沿边BC向右平移4cm得到△A′B′C′,则四边形AA′B′C′的周长为()A.22cm B.23cm C.24cm D.25cm10.小明在拼图时,发现8个一样大小的长方形,恰好可以拼成一个大的长方形如图(1);小红看见了,说:“我也来试一试.”结果小红七拼八凑,拼成了如图(2)那样的正方形,中间还留下了一个洞,恰好是边长为3mm的小正方形,则每个小长方形的面积为()A.120mm2B.135mm2C.108mm2D.96mm2二、认真填一填(本题有6小题,每小题4分,共24分)要注意认真看清题目的条件和要填写的内容,尽量完整地填写答案.11.(1)用科学记数法表示0.000061为;(2)计算:(π﹣2)0﹣2﹣1= .12.已知某组数据的频数为56,频率为0.7,则样本容量为.13.因式分解:(1)x3﹣4x= ;(2)x2﹣18x+81= .14.如图,直线AB∥CD∥EF,如果∠A+∠ADF=218°,那么∠F=.15.已知x=+1,则代数式(x+1)2﹣4(x+1)+4的值是.16.给定下面一列分式:,﹣,,﹣…,根据这列分式的规律,请写出第7个分式,第n个分式.三、全面答一答(本题有7个小题,共66分)解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或推演步骤,如果觉得有的题目有点困难,那么把自己能写出的解答写出一部分也可以.17.化简:(1)(2a2)4÷3a2(2)(1+a)(1﹣a)+a(a﹣3)18.(1)解方程:﹣1=;(2)已知x2+x﹣1=0,求÷﹣的值.19.今年3月5日,某中学组织全体学生参加了“走出校门,服务社会”的活动,活动分为打扫街道,去敬老院服务和到社区文艺演出三项.从七年级参加活动的同学中抽取了部分同学,对打扫街道,去敬老院服务和到社区文艺演出的人数进行了统计,并绘制了如下直方图和扇形统计图.请解决以下问题:(1)求抽取的部分同学的人数;(2)补全直方图的空缺部分;(3)若七年级有200名学生,估计该年级去敬老院的人数.20.甲、乙两人同时分别从相距30千米的A,B两地匀速相向而行,经过三小时后相距3千米,在经过2小时,甲到B地所剩路程是乙到A地所剩路程的2倍,设甲、乙两人的速度分别为x千米/小时、y千米/小时,请列方程组求甲、乙两人的速度.21.已知a﹣b=7,ab=﹣12.(1)求a2b﹣ab2的值;(2)求a2+b2的值;(3)求a+b的值.22.(1)有一条纸带如图甲所示,怎样检验纸带的两条边线是否平行?说明你的方法和理由.(2)如图乙,将一条上下两边互相平行的纸带折叠,设∠1为x度,请用x的代数式表示∠α的度数.23.已知关于x、y的方程组,给出下列结论:①当a=1时,方程组的解也是方程x+y=2的解;②当x=y时,a=﹣;③不论a取什么实数,2x+y的值始终不变;④若z=﹣xy,则z的最小值为﹣1.请判断以上结论是否正确,并说明理由.浙江省杭州市西湖区七年级(下)期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、仔细选一选(本题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)下面每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把正确选项前的字母填在答题卷中相应格子内.注意可以用多种不同的方法来选取正确答案.1.下列计算正确的是()A.(a3)3=a9B.a2+a2=a4C.(a+1)2=a2+1 D.1+=【考点】完全平方公式;合并同类项;幂的乘方与积的乘方;分式的加减法.【专题】计算题.【分析】A、原式利用幂的乘方运算法则计算得到结果,即可做出判断;B、原式合并同类项得到结果,即可做出判断;C、原式利用完全平方公式展开得到结果,即可做出判断;D、原式通分并利用同分母分式的加法法则计算得到结果,即可做出判断.【解答】解:A、(a3)3=a9,故选项正确;B、a2+a2=2a2,故选项错误;C、(a+1)2=a2+2a+1,故选项错误;D、1+=,故选项错误.故选A.【点评】此题考查了完全平方公式,合并同类项,幂的乘方与积的乘方,以及分式的加减法,熟练掌握公式及法则是解本题的关键.2.要了解全校学生的课外作业负担情况,你认为以下抽样方法中比较合理的是()A.调查全体女生B.调查全体男生C.调查九年级全体学生D.调查七、八、九年级各50名学生【考点】抽样调查的可靠性.【分析】抽取样本注意事项就是要考虑样本具有广泛性与代表性,所谓代表性,就是抽取的样本必须是随机的,即各个方面,各个层次的对象都要有所体现.【解答】解:A、调查全体女生,B、调查全体男生,C、调查九年级全体学生都不具有代表性,D、调查七、八、九年级各50名学生具有代表性.故选D.【点评】本题考查了抽样调查的可靠性,样本具有代表性是指抽取的样本必须是随机的,即各个方面,各个层次的对象都要有所体现.3.下列代数式变形中,是因式分解的是()A. ab(b﹣2)=ab2﹣ab B.3x﹣6y+3=3(x﹣2y)C.x2﹣3x+1=x(x﹣3)+1 D.﹣x2+2x﹣1=﹣(x﹣1)2【考点】因式分解的意义.【分析】根据因式分解是把一个多项式转化成几个整式乘积的形式,可得答案.【解答】解:A、是整式的乘法,故A错误;B、左边不等于右边,故B错误;C、没把一个多项式转化成几个整式乘积的形式,故C错误;D、把一个多项式转化成几个整式乘积的形式,故D正确;故选:D.【点评】本题考查了因式分解的意义,把一个多项式转化成几个整式乘积的形式是解题关键.4.如图,能判定EB∥AC的条件是()A.∠C=∠ABE B.∠A=∠EBD C.∠C=∠ABC D.∠A=∠ABE【考点】平行线的判定.【分析】在复杂的图形中具有相等关系的两角首先要判断它们是否是同位角或内错角,被判断平行的两直线是否由“三线八角”而产生的被截直线.【解答】解:A、∠C=∠ABE不能判断出EB∥AC,故A选项不符合题意;B、∠A=∠EBD不能判断出EB∥AC,故B选项不符合题意;C、∠C=∠ABC只能判断出AB=AC,不能判断出EB∥AC,故C选项不符合题意;D、∠A=∠ABE,根据内错角相等,两直线平行,可以得出EB∥AC,故D选项符合题意.故选:D.【点评】正确识别“三线八角”中的同位角、内错角、同旁内角是正确答题的关键,只有同位角相等、内错角相等、同旁内角互补,才能推出两被截直线平行.5.化简的结果是()A.﹣x﹣y B.y﹣x C.x﹣y D.x+y【考点】分式的加减法.【专题】计算题.【分析】因为分母相同,则分子直接相减,即x2﹣y2=(x+y)(x﹣y)=﹣(x+y)(y﹣x),然后进行化简.【解答】解:.故选A.【点评】在分式的化简过程中应注意符号的转变.6.803﹣80能被()整除.A.76 B.78 C.79 D.82【考点】提公因式法与公式法的综合运用.【分析】先提取公因式80,再根据平方查公式进行二次分解,即可得803﹣80=80×81×79,继而求得答案.【解答】解:∵803﹣80=80×(802﹣1)=80×(80+1)×(80﹣1)=80×81×79.∴803﹣80能被79整除.故选C.【点评】本题考查了提公因式法,公式法分解因式.注意提取公因式后,利用平方差公式进行二次分解是关键.7.与方程5x+2y=﹣9构成的方程组,其解为的是()A.x+2y=1 B.3x+2y=﹣8 C.3x﹣4y=﹣8 D.5x+4y=﹣3【考点】二元一次方程组的解.【分析】将分别代入四个方程进行检验即可得到结果.【解答】解:A、将代入x+2y=1,得左边=﹣2+1=﹣1,右边=1,左边≠右边,所以本选项错误;B、将代入3x+2y=﹣8,得左边=﹣6+1=﹣5,右边=﹣8,左边≠右边,所以本选项错误;C、将代入3x﹣4y=﹣8,得左边=﹣6﹣2=﹣8,右边=﹣8,左边=右边,所以本选项正确;D、将代入5x+4y=﹣3,得左边=﹣10+2=﹣8,右边=﹣3,左边≠右边,所以本选项错误;故选:C.【点评】本题考查了二元一次方程组的定义:一般地,二元一次方程组的两个方程的公共解,叫做二元一次方程组的解.8.计算(a﹣b)(a+b)(a2﹣b2)的结果是()A.a4﹣2a2b2+b4B.a4+2a2b2+b4C.a4+b4 D.a4﹣b4【考点】平方差公式;完全平方公式.【分析】利用平方差公式计算即可.【解答】解:(a﹣b)(a+b)(a2﹣b2)=a4﹣2a2b2+b4,故选A.【点评】本题考查了平方差公式的应用,利用平方差公式计算可以使运算更加简便.9.如图,将边长为5cm的等边△ABC沿边BC向右平移4cm得到△A′B′C′,则四边形AA′B′C′的周长为()A.22cm B.23cm C.24cm D.25cm【考点】平移的性质.【分析】根据平移的性质,对应点的距离等于平移距离求出AA′、BB′,然后求出BC′,再根据周长的定义解答即可.【解答】解:∵平移距离是4个单位,∴AA′=BB′=4,∵等边△ABC的边长为5,∴B′C′=BC=5,∴BC′=BB′+B′C′=4+5=9,∵四边形AA′C′B的周长=4+5+9+5=23.故选B【点评】本题考查了平移的性质,主要利用了对应点的距离等于平移距离,需熟记.10.小明在拼图时,发现8个一样大小的长方形,恰好可以拼成一个大的长方形如图(1);小红看见了,说:“我也来试一试.”结果小红七拼八凑,拼成了如图(2)那样的正方形,中间还留下了一个洞,恰好是边长为3mm的小正方形,则每个小长方形的面积为()A.120mm2B.135mm2C.108mm2D.96mm2【考点】二元一次方程组的应用.【专题】几何图形问题.【分析】设每个小长方形的长为xmm,宽为 ymm,根据图形给出的信息可知,长方形的5个宽与其3个长相等,两个宽﹣一个长=3,于是得方程组,解出即可.【解答】解:设每个长方形的长为xmm,宽为 ymm,由题意,得,解得:.9×15=135(mm2).故选:B.【点评】此题主要考查了二元一次方程组的应用,关键是正确理解题意,找出题目中的等量关系,列出方程组.二、认真填一填(本题有6小题,每小题4分,共24分)要注意认真看清题目的条件和要填写的内容,尽量完整地填写答案.11.(1)用科学记数法表示0.000061为 6.1×10﹣5;(2)计算:(π﹣2)0﹣2﹣1= .【考点】科学记数法—表示较小的数;零指数幂;负整数指数幂.【分析】(1)绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示,一般形式为a×10﹣n,与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂,指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.(2)首先计算零次幂和负整数指数幂,再计算有理数的加减即可.【解答】解:(1)0.000061=6.1×10﹣5,故答案为:6.1×10﹣5.(2)原式=1﹣=,故答案为:.【点评】本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数,以及零次幂和负整数指数幂,科学记数法一般形式为a×10﹣n,其中1≤|a|<10,n为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.零指数幂:a0=1(a≠0),负整数指数幂:a﹣p=(a≠0,p为正整数).12.已知某组数据的频数为56,频率为0.7,则样本容量为80 .【考点】频数与频率.【分析】根据:频率=即可求解.【解答】解:样本容量为56÷0.7=80.故答案是:80.【点评】本题考查了频率的计算公式,理解公式是关键.13.因式分解:(1)x3﹣4x= x(x+2)(x﹣2);(2)x2﹣18x+81= (x﹣9)2.【考点】提公因式法与公式法的综合运用.【分析】(1)首先取公因式x,再根据平方查公式进行二次分解.(2)直接利用完全平方公式进行因式分解,即可求得答案.【解答】解:(1)x3﹣4x=x(x2﹣4)=x(x+2)(x﹣2);(2)x2﹣18x+81=(x﹣9)2.故答案为:(1)x(x+2)(x﹣2);(2)(x﹣9)2.【点评】本题考查了提公因式法,公式法分解因式.注意提取公因式后利用平方差公式进行二次分解,注意分解要彻底.14.如图,直线AB∥CD∥EF,如果∠A+∠ADF=218°,那么∠F=38°.【考点】平行线的性质.【分析】延长AC,由平行线的性质得出∠A+∠ADH=180°,故可得出∠HDF的度数,再由CD∥EF即可得出结论.【解答】解:延长AC,∵AB∥CD,∴∠A+∠ADH=180°.∵∠A+∠ADF=218°,∴∠HDF=218°﹣180°=38°.∵CD∥EF,∴∠F=∠HDF=38°.故答案为:38°.【点评】本题考查的是平行线的性质,用到的知识点为:两直线平行,内错角相等,同旁内角互补.15.已知x=+1,则代数式(x+1)2﹣4(x+1)+4的值是 3 .【考点】因式分解的应用.【分析】首先利用完全平方公式把代数式(x+1)2﹣4(x+1)+4,再进一步代入求得数值即可.【解答】解:(x+1)2﹣4(x+1)+4=(x+1﹣2)2=(x﹣1)2,当x=+1时,原式=(+1﹣1)2=3.故答案为:3.【点评】此题考查因式分解的实际运用,掌握完全平方公式是解决问题的关键.16.给定下面一列分式:,﹣,,﹣…,根据这列分式的规律,请写出第7个分式,第n个分式(﹣1)n+1.【考点】分式的定义.【专题】规律型.【分析】分子中x的次数是分式的序次的2倍,分母中y的次数是x的次数减1,分式的序次为奇数时,分式的符合为正,分式的序次为偶数时,分式的符合为负,于是这列分式中的第7个分式为,第n个分式为(﹣1)n+1.【解答】解:这列分式中的第7个分式为,第n个分式为(﹣1)n+1.故答案为:,(﹣1)n+1.【点评】本题考查了分式的定义:叫分式,其中A、B都是整式,并且B中含有字母.也考查了从特殊到一般的规律的探究.三、全面答一答(本题有7个小题,共66分)解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或推演步骤,如果觉得有的题目有点困难,那么把自己能写出的解答写出一部分也可以.17.化简:(1)(2a2)4÷3a2(2)(1+a)(1﹣a)+a(a﹣3)【考点】整式的混合运算.【分析】(1)根据单项式的幂的乘方法则和除法法则进行计算.(2)根据多项式的乘法法则以及单项式乘多项式的法则进行计算.【解答】解:(1)原式=24a8÷3a2=.(2)原式=1﹣a2+a2﹣3a=1﹣3a.【点评】本题考查单项式的乘方法则、单项式除以单项式的法则、乘法公式等知识,正确运用法则是解题的关键.18.(1)解方程:﹣1=;(2)已知x2+x﹣1=0,求÷﹣的值.【考点】分式的化简求值;解分式方程.【分析】(1)观察可得最简公分母是(x﹣2),方程两边乘最简公分母,可以把分式方程转化为整式方程求解;(2)首先把等式变为x﹣1=﹣x2,然后把所求分式化简变为﹣,由此即可求解.【解答】解:(1)方程的两边同乘(x﹣2),得1﹣(x﹣2)=x,解得x=.检验:把x=代入(x﹣2)≠0.所以原方程的解为:x=.(2)÷﹣=•﹣=﹣=﹣.由x2+x﹣1=0得x﹣1=﹣x2,所以,原式=1.【点评】此题主要考查了分式的化简求值和解分式方程,解分式方程的基本思想是“转化思想”,把分式方程转化为整式方程求解,并注意要验根.19.今年3月5日,某中学组织全体学生参加了“走出校门,服务社会”的活动,活动分为打扫街道,去敬老院服务和到社区文艺演出三项.从七年级参加活动的同学中抽取了部分同学,对打扫街道,去敬老院服务和到社区文艺演出的人数进行了统计,并绘制了如下直方图和扇形统计图.请解决以下问题:(1)求抽取的部分同学的人数;(2)补全直方图的空缺部分;(3)若七年级有200名学生,估计该年级去敬老院的人数.【考点】条形统计图;用样本估计总体;扇形统计图.【分析】(1)先根据条形图知到社区文艺演出的人数为15人,再由扇形统计图知占抽取总人数的,两者相除即可求解;(2)求出去敬老院服务的学生有多少人,即可补全条形统计图;(3)用总人数乘以该年级去敬老院的人数所占的百分比即可.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)由题意,可得抽取的部分同学的人数为:15÷=50(人);(2)去敬老院服务的学生有:50﹣25﹣15=10(人).条形统计图补充如下:(3)根据题意得:200×=40(人),答:该年级去敬老院的人数是80人.【点评】本题考查的是条形统计图和扇形统计图的综合运用,读懂统计图,从不同的统计图中得到必要的信息是解决问题的关键.条形统计图能清楚地表示出每个项目的数据;扇形统计图直接反映部分占总体的百分比大小.也考查了用样本估计总体的思想.20.甲、乙两人同时分别从相距30千米的A,B两地匀速相向而行,经过三小时后相距3千米,在经过2小时,甲到B地所剩路程是乙到A地所剩路程的2倍,设甲、乙两人的速度分别为x千米/小时、y千米/小时,请列方程组求甲、乙两人的速度.【考点】二元一次方程组的应用.【分析】设甲的速度为xkm/h,乙的速度为ykm/h,那么可以分两种情况:①当甲和乙还没有相遇相距3千米时,根据经过3小时后相距3千米,再经过2小时,甲到B地所剩路程是乙到A地所剩路程的2倍可以列出方程组解决问题;②当甲和乙相遇了相距3千米时,根据经过3小时后相距3千米,再经过2小时,甲到B地所剩路程是乙到A地所剩路程的2倍可以列出方程组解决问题.【解答】解:设甲的速度为xkm/h,乙的速度为ykm/h,则有两种情况:(1)当甲和乙还没有相遇相距3千米时,依题意得,解得;(2)当甲和乙相遇了相距3千米时,依题意得,解得.答:甲乙两人的速度分别为4km/h、5km/h或km/h, km/h.【点评】此题考查了二元一次方程组的应用,该题是一个行程问题,主要考查了相遇问题中的数量关系,但解题要注意分相遇和没有相遇两种情况解题.21.已知a﹣b=7,ab=﹣12.(1)求a2b﹣ab2的值;(2)求a2+b2的值;(3)求a+b的值.【考点】因式分解-提公因式法;完全平方公式.【分析】(1)直接提取公因式ab,进而分解因式得出答案;(2)直接利用完全平方公式进而求出答案;(3)直接利用(2)中所求,结合完全平方公式求出答案.【解答】解:(1)∵a﹣b=7,ab=﹣12,∴a2b﹣ab2=ab(a﹣b)=﹣12×7=﹣84;(2)∵a﹣b=7,ab=﹣12,∴(a﹣b)2=49,∴a2+b2﹣2ab=49,∴a2+b2=25;(3)∵a2+b2=25,∴(a+b)2=25+2ab=25﹣24=1,∴a+b=±1.【点评】此题主要考查了完全平方公式以及提取公因式法分解因式,正确应用完全平方公式是解题关键.22.(1)有一条纸带如图甲所示,怎样检验纸带的两条边线是否平行?说明你的方法和理由.(2)如图乙,将一条上下两边互相平行的纸带折叠,设∠1为x度,请用x的代数式表示∠α的度数.【考点】平行线的判定与性质.【分析】(1)根据平行线的判定定理,进行分析,即可解答;(2)如图乙,根据平行线的性质得到∠2=∠1=x,∠3=∠α,根据折叠的性质得到∠3=∠4=(180°﹣∠2)=90°﹣2=90°﹣x,等量代换即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)如图甲,将纸条如图折叠,测的∠1=∠2,于是得到纸带的两条边线是平行的;(2)如图乙,∵AB∥CD,∴∠2=∠1=x,∠3=∠α,∵将一条上下两边互相平行的纸带折叠,∴∠3=∠4=(180°﹣∠2)=90°﹣2=90°﹣x,∴∠α=∠3=90°﹣x.【点评】本题考查了平行线的判定和性质,解决本题的关键是熟记平行线的判定定理.23.已知关于x、y的方程组,给出下列结论:①当a=1时,方程组的解也是方程x+y=2的解;②当x=y时,a=﹣;③不论a取什么实数,2x+y的值始终不变;④若z=﹣xy,则z的最小值为﹣1.请判断以上结论是否正确,并说明理由.【考点】二元一次方程组的解.【分析】①将a=1代入方程组,求出方程组的解,即可做出判断;②将x=y代入方程组,求出a的值,即可做出判断;③将a看做已知数求出2x+y的值即可;④将a看做已知数求出x与y的值代入z=﹣xy,即可做出判断.【解答】解:关于x、y的方程组,解得:.①将a=1代入,得:,将x=4,y=﹣4代入方程左边得:x+y=0,右边=2,左边≠右边,本选项错误;②将x=y代入,得:,即当x=y时,a=﹣,本选项正确;③将原方程组中第一个方程×3,加第二个方程得:4x+2y=8,即2x+y=4,不论a取什么实数,2x+y的值始终不变,本选项正确;④z=﹣xy=﹣(a+3)(﹣2a﹣2)=a2+4a+3=(a+2)2﹣1≥﹣1,即若z=﹣xy,则z的最小值为﹣1,此选项正确.故正确的选项有:②、③、④.【点评】本题考查了二元一次方程组的解,解题的关键是牢记二元一次方程组的解题方法.。
2012年浙江省杭州市中考科学试卷(解析版)
2012年浙江省杭州市中考科学试卷一、选择题(每小题4分,共24分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.有理论认为,从疾病发生机制上考虑,氧化损伤几乎是所有疾病最基本的病理过程。
研究人员发现,氢气对一些疾病有治疗作用。
根据上述理论,氢气对一些疾病有治疗作用的原因可能是A. 氢气有还原性B.氢气是密度最小的气体C.常温下氢气较稳定 D.氢气对人体无毒2.杭州市的自来水由于增设了加臭氧(O3)和加活性炭两道处理程序,水质处于全国大城市优秀水平。
根据以上报道,人们得出的下列结论中,符合科学道理的是A.杭州市的自来水属于纯净物B.杭州市自来水的物理、化学性质就是水的物理、化学性质C.加臭氧和加活性炭都是利用它们的化学性质来净化水质D.以上水处理过程中,水分子的化学性质不变3.在肥沃的土壤中,种子萌发初期(如下图所示)所需要的有机物A.来自空气B.来自土壤C.来自种子D.部分来自种子,部分来自土壤4.下列研究中需要设置对照组实验的是A.观察小金鱼尾鳍内的血液流动B.观察桃花结构C.探究土壤中是否含有水分D.探究温度对酶催化作用的影响5.甲、乙两位同学坐在静止的列车上,在他们之间的水平桌面上放置一只静止的鸡蛋。
列车向与甲的朝向相同方向启动时,乙将看到鸡蛋A.向甲运动B.向乙运动C.静止不动D.在原位置转动6.冲击钻是一种打孔的工具。
工作时,钻头在电动机带动下不断地冲击墙壁打出圆孔(如图所示)。
冲击钻在工作的过程中A.只有电能和内能的转化B.只有电能和机械能的转化C.有电能、机械能和内能的转化D.没有机械能和内能的转化二、选择题(每小题3分,共48分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)7.下列有关氧气的叙述正确的是A.氧气能和大多数金属、有机物反应,所以氧气是一种很不稳定的气体B.铁在氧气中燃烧生成氧化铁C.给氯酸钾加热,若不加二氧化锰就不产生氧气D.课本上测定空气中氧气含量的实验中,若将红磷换成木炭实验会失败8.对湖泊出现的“水华”现象,下列叙述不正确的是A.生活污水不经处理排入湖泊,容易引发藻类过度繁殖B.湖水温度升高是引起藻类大量繁殖的主要因素C.藻类植物过度繁殖,会破坏湖泊原有生态系统D.藻类植物过度繁殖可导致鱼虾死亡9.根据实验目的和实验原理选择恰当的实验材料,是保证实验获得可靠结果的关键因素之一。
浙江省杭州市西湖区2022年英语九年级第一学期期末学业水平测试模拟试题含解析
2022-2023学年九上英语期末模拟试卷考生请注意:1. 答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内, 不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后, 需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内, 第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后, 请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Ⅰ.单项选择1.--Do you still play football?--Oh, no.I___ it for the past three years.A. haven't playedB. didn't playC. won't playD. hadn't played2.— exciting film we saw yesterday!—I think so.A. What aB. What anC. How anD. How a3.Make sure _______the lights before leaving.A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning offD. turned off4.She is not good at math she never gives it up.A. orB. soC. butD. and5.—Why do you want to stay at home?—Because I ________ good when I am with my family.A. smellB. feelC. tasteD. sound6.It's 9:30 pm, children! ______ is time to go to bed.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. They7、-Good cooks are all men- ___________.In my family, my mother cooks better than my father.A. That's trueB. That's all rightC. That's not the caseD. That's it8、To cut down waste /pə'lu:ʃn/, we should take our own bags to go shopping.A. popularB. pollutionC. populationD. progress9、Think of others more than yourself.A person______cares for others is popular everywhere.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose10、— Could you tell me ____ for London?—At nine o’clock tomorrow morning.A. how are you leavingB. when are you leavingC. when you are leavingⅡ.完形填空11.Nowadays, more and more teenagers have 1 pressure.They find their schoolbags are getting heavier and hours they spend on their homework are becoming 2 .They think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies.But their parents think the hobbies can 3 their schoolwork.Should parents allow their children to make their own 4 ?Liu Ying, a fifteen-year-old girl, is a singing star at school.She always wants to be a professional 5 when she grows up. 6 , her parents don’t want her to practice singing because they think their daughter should study hard to get good 7 and go to a good university.“She needs to spend more time 8 her homework because it’s 9 to become a professional singing star,’’says her father.But Liu Ying really 10 .“I know my parents 11 me.And they hope that I will have a better life in the future.But I am 12 singing.I should be allowed to make my own decision.Only then will I have a chance to 13 my dream,”says Liu Ying.Doctors say lots of pressure 14 bad for children’s development.Society should pay more attention to the health of teenagers.Parents have to own the 15 attitude ( 态度) towards the children’s development.Although it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have healthy and happy children!1. A. so many B. so much C. too many D. too much2. A. longer B. shorter C. less D. fewer3. A. turn down B. take off C. get out of D. get in the way of4. A. plans B. decisions C. homework D. hobbies5. A. runner B. player C. singer D. writer6. A. However B. Though C. Instead D. So7. A. jobs B. books C. grades D. dreams8. A. with B. for C. in D. on9. A. easy B. interesting C. possible D. difficult10. A. agrees B. minds C. dislikes D. disagrees11. A. care about B. take after C. look for D. look like12. A. angry with B. serious about C. sorry for D. pleased with13. A. miss B. know C. achieve D. change14. A. are B. were C. is D. was15. A. wrong B. correct C. hard D. simpleⅢ.语法填空12.短文填空Other fail little it surprised they possible back serve be call toThousands of people 1. attracted(吸引) to a 2-meter-wide lane in Tongcheng, Anhui province this springfestival.Although it was 2. to count the exact number, at3. 5,000 people visited it each day.This narrow lane4.Liuchi Lane in Chinese, won greater popularity after the story behind it was broadcast(播放)on a CCTV show.At first glance it may seem unimportant, but to those who know5.history,Liuchi Lane means much more than its appearance.In the early Qing Dynasty, it 6.as the boundary(边界) between Zhang family and Wu family.They quarreled(争论)fiercely over which family had the right to build a wall on the dividing line.After 7.to make a compromise(妥协), the Zhangs turned to Zhang Ying, a family member of Zhangs and also a top official in the emperor’s court.To their8., Zhang Ying did not provide the support they needed.He called for his family to move back 1 meter from the boundary.Seeing that, the Wus agreed to move 9.another meter, thus Liuchi Lane was born.In reality, the story of Liuchi Lane is not only about how to get along with10. , but also a guideline for all the officials in ChinaⅣ.阅读理解A13.Have you ever heard of e-waste(electric waste,电子垃圾), which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when they’re broken or you want a new one? Most people just throw them away.With the development of electric industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem.According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons.The US was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons.China came second, with 6 million tons.It’s important to pay attention to e-waste.It can either be valuable or harmful(有害的), depending on how we deal with it.E-waste is a valuable urban mine(城市矿藏).The value of the metals, like gold and silver in the waste around the world, is amazing.And the metals can be reused.But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals(有毒化学物质)can get into the earth or air,effectingthe environment and people’s health.Apple, for example, now recycle people’s used products in China when they are buying new ones.The company will test and repair the used ones and sell them at lower prices.To help reduce(减少)e-waste, we can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs.1. The following can become e-waste EXCEPT_____.A. computersB. mobile phonesC. plastic bags2. Which country produced most e-waste last year according to the United Nations?A. America.B. China.C. Japan.3. What does the underline word “affecting”mean in this passage?A. 保护B. 影响C. 改善4. From Paragraph 4, we learn that_____.A. the recycle Apple products will be sold at higher prices.B. buying longer lasting electronic products is a good way to reduce e-waste.C. it’s better to keep the unwanted electronics in your bedroom.5. The main purpose of this passage is to_____.A. prove that e-waste is useless.B. encourage people to buy more electronic products.C. advise people to deal with e-waste properly to reduce pollution.B14.Not all inventions are made by scientists.Kids can also make history with their inventions.The state flag of Alaska was designed by 13-year-old Bennie Benson in 1926.His design was chosen from a flag designing--competition.It became the official flag in 1959.Bennie won a SI, 000 scholarship and a watch.Frank Epperson invented the Popsicle in 1905 when he was only 11 years old.It was called the Epsicle at thattime..Frank left his drink outside the door overnight with a stick(木棒) in it.That night the temperature dropped and everything was frozen(冻住), including Frank’s drink.That didn’t stop him from tasting it, so today we have Popsicles to eat.In 1642 Blaise Pascal designed the first counting machine when he was 18.The machine was for his father, a tax collector, to make his job easier.Blaise named it “the Pasealine".He made about 50 of them, but nobody was interested in it. People thought it would take jobs away from them.300 years went by, and the calculator(计算器) finally became a success.In 1968, the programming language (程序设计语言),PASCAL, was named after him.1. How old was Bernie Benson when he designed the flag?A. 13B. 26C. 46D. 592. What does the underlined word “Popsicle”mean in Chinese?A. 凉B. 美味C. 冰柜D. 冰棒3. Why did Blaise Pascal invent the calculator?A. Because he wanted to use it in a test.B. Because he wanted to make his father's job easier.C. Because he wanted to sell it for money.D. Because he wanted to know how much money he should give to sellers.4. This passage mainly tells us about_______.A. several useful inventionsB. several inventions by kidsC. how to make historyD. how to become successful inventorC15.阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
2012年江西省中考真题及答案
江西省2012年中等学校招生考试数学试题卷说明:1.本卷共有六个大题,24个小题,全卷满分120分,考试时间120分钟.2.本卷分为试题卷和答题卷,答案要求写在答题卷上,不得在试题卷上作答,否则不给分. 一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分)每小题只有一个正确选项. 1.1-的绝对值是( ).(A )1 (B )0 (C )1- (D )1± 2.等腰三角形的顶角为80,则它的底角是( ). (A )20° (B )50° (C )60° (D )80° 3.下列运算正确的是( ).(A )2362a a a += (B )633a a a -÷=(C )3332a a a = (D )()32628aa -=-4.如图,有a 、b 、c 三户家用电路接入电表,相邻电路的电线等距离排列,则三户所用电线( ).(A)a 户最长 (B)b 户最长 (C)c 户最长 (D)三户一样长5.如图,如果在阳光下你的身影的方向为北偏东60°方向,那么太阳相对于你的方向是( ).(A)南偏西60° (B)南偏西30° (C)北偏东60° (D)北偏东30°6.某人驾车从A 地上高速公路前往B 地,中途在服务区休息了一段时间.出发时油箱中存油40升,到B 地后发现油箱中还剩油4升,则从出发后到B 地油箱中所剩油y (升)与时间t (小时)之间函数的大致图象是( ).二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)7.一个正方体有________个面.8.当4x=-的值是________.9.如图,A C经过O⊙的圆心O,A B与O⊙相切于点B,若50A∠=°,则C∠= ________度.10.已知关于x的一元二次方程220x x m+-=有两个相等的实数根,则m的值是________.11.已知2()8m n-=,2()2m n+=,则22m n+=________.12.已知一次函数(0)y kx b k=+≠经过(21)-,、(34)-,两点,则它的图象不经过...第________象限.13.如图,已知正五边形A B C D E,请用无刻度尺的直尺,准确画出它的一条对称轴(保留画图痕迹).14.如图,正方形A B C D与正三角形A E F的顶点A重合,将A E F△绕其顶点A旋转,在旋转过程中,当B E D F=时,B A E∠的大小可以是_______.三、(本大题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分)15.化简:22111aa a a-⎛⎫-÷⎪+⎝⎭.16.解不等式组21131xx+<-⎧⎨-≥⎩,;并将解集在数轴上表示出来.17.如图,已知两个菱形A B C D 、C E F G .其中点A 、C 、F 在同一直线上,连接B E 、D G .(1)在不添加辅助线时,写出其中的两对全等三角形; (2)证明:B E D G =.18.如图,有大小、质地相同,仅颜色不同的两双拖鞋(分左、右脚)共四只,放置在地板上[可表示为()()1212A A B B ,].(1)若先从两只左脚拖鞋中取出一只,再从两只右脚拖鞋中随机取出一只,求恰好匹配成相同颜色的一双拖鞋的概率;(2)若从这四只拖鞋中随机地取出两只,利用树形(状)图或表格列举出所有可能出现的结果,并求恰好匹配成相同颜色的一双拖鞋的概率.四、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分)19.如图,等腰梯形A B C D 放置在平面直角坐标系中,已知()20A -,、(60)B ,、(03)D ,,反比例函数的图象经过点C .(1)求点C 坐标和反比例函数的解析式;(2)将等腰梯形A B C D 向上平移m 个单位后,使点B 恰好落在双曲线上,求m 的值.1A 2A 1B 2B20.小华写信给老家的爷爷,问侯“八一”建军节.折叠长方形信纸、装入标准信封时发现:若将信纸如图①连续两次对折后,沿着信封口边线装入时,宽绰有3.8cm;若将信纸如图②三等分折叠后,同样方法装入时,宽绰1.4cm.试求信纸的纸长与信封的口宽.五、(本大题共2小题,每小题9分,共18分)21.我们约定:如果身高在选定标准的2 %范围之内都称为“普通身高”.为了解某校九年级男生中具有“普通身高”的人数,我们从该校九年级男生中随机选出10名男生,分别测量出他们的身高(单位:cm),收集并整理如下统计表:根据以上表格信息,解答如下问题:(1)计算这组数据的三个统计量:平均数、中位数和众数;(2)请你选择其中一个统计量.....作为选定标准,找出这10名男生中具有“普通身高”的是哪几位男生?并说明理由;(3)若该年级共有280名男生,按(2)中选定标准,请你估算出该年级男生中具有“普通身高”的人数约有多少名?22.如图1,小红家的阳台上放置了一个晒衣架,如图2是晒衣架的侧面示意图,立杆A B 、C D 相交于点O ,B 、D 两点立于地面,经测量:136cm A B C D ==,51cm O A O C ==, =34cm O E O F =,现将晒衣架完全稳固张开,扣链E F 成一条直线,且32cm E F =. (1)求证:A C B D ∥;(2)求扣链E F 与立杆A B 的夹角O E F ∠的度数(精确到0.1°);(3)小红的连衣裙穿在衣架后的总长度达到122cm ,垂挂在晒衣架上是否会拖落到地面?并通过计算说明理由.(参考数据:sin 61.90.882°≈,cos 61.90.471°≈,tan 28.10.533°≈;可使用科学计算器.) 六、(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分) 23.如图,已知二次函数2143L y x x =-+∶与x 轴交于A 、B 两点(点A 在点B 的左边),与y 轴交于点C .(1)写出A 、B 两点的坐标;(2)二次函数2243(0)L y kx kx k k =-+≠∶,顶点为P . ①直接写出二次函数2L 与二次函数1L 有关图象的两条相同的性质;②是否存在实数k ,使A B P △为等边三角形?如存在,请求出k 的值;如不存在,请说明理由;③若直线8y k =与抛物线2L 交于E 、F 两点,问线段E F 的长度是否发生变化?如果不会,请求出E F 的长度;如果会,请说明理由.图124.已知,纸片O⊙的半径为2,如图1,沿弦A B折叠操作.(1)如图2,当折叠后的 A B经过圆心O时,求 A B的长;(2)如图3,当弦2A B=时,求折叠后 A B所在圆的圆心O'到弦A B的距离;(3)在图1中,再将纸片O⊙沿弦C D折叠操作.①如图4,当AB CD∥,折叠后的 C D与 A B所在圆外切于点P时,设点O到弦A B、C D 的距离之和为d,求d的值.②如图5,当A B与C D不平行,折叠后的 C D与 A B所在圆外切于点P时,设点M为A B 的中点,点N为C D的中点.试探究四边形O M P N的形状,并证明你的结论.江西省2012年中等学校招生考试数学试题参考答案及评分意见说明:1.如果考生的解答与本答案不同,可根据试题的主要考查内容参考评分标准制定相应的评分细则后评卷.2.每题都要评阅到底,不要因为考生的解答中出现错误而中断对该题的评阅,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响了后续部分时,如果该步以后的解答未改变这一题的内容和难度,则可视影响的程度决定后面的给分,但不得超过后面部分应给分数的一半,如果这一步以后的解答有较严重的错误,就不给分.3.解答右端所注分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得到的累加分数. 4.只给整数分数.一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分) 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.C 二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分) 7.6 8.9.20° 10.1- 11.5 12.三13.如图,直线A K 即为所求的一条对称轴(解答不惟一) 14.15°或165° 三、(本大题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分) 15.解:原式=1(1)(1)(1)a a a a a a -+-÷+ ············································································· 3分=1(1)(1)(1)a a a aa a -+⨯+-·············································································· 4分=1-. ······································································································· 6分 16.解:2113 1.(2)x x +<-⎧⎨-≥⎩,……(1),……解不等式(1)得:1x <-, ························································································· 1分 解不等式(2)得:2x ≤, ··························································································· 3分 所以不等式组的解集是:1x <-. ··············································································· 4分 在数轴上表示不等式的解集,如图所示································································· 6分17.解:(1)A D C A B C G F C E F C G D C E B C △≌△,△≌△,△≌△(任意两对均可);········································································································································· 2分 (2)方法一:连接D B 、G E , 四边形A B C D 、C E F G 是菱形,∴对角线D B 、G E 被直线A F 垂直、平分, ····························································· 4分 ∴点D 与点B ,点G 与点E 都是以直线A F 为对称轴的两对对称点,B E D G ∴=.················································································································ 6分 方法二: 四边形A B C D 、C E F G 是菱形,D C B C C G CE D C A B C A G CF E C F ∴==∠=∠∠=∠,,,; 180A C F ∠= °,D C G B CE ∴∠=∠. ··································································································· 4分 G D C E B C B E D G ∴∴=△≌△,. ·········································································· 6分18.解:(1)若先从两只左脚拖鞋中取出一只,再从两只右脚拖鞋任取出一只,有121212A A A B B B ,,,12B A 四种情况,恰好匹配的有1212A A B B ,两种情况; P ∴(恰好匹配)=2142=. ························································································· 2分方法一:画树形图如下:所有可能的结果1211A A A B ,,12A B ;212122A A A B A B ,,;111212B A B A B B ,,;212221B A B A B B ,,; ····································································································· 4分可见,从这四只拖鞋中随机地取出两只,共有12种不同的情况; 其中恰好匹配的有4种,分别是12211221A A A A B B B B ,,,.P ∴(恰好匹配)=41123=.方法二:列表格如下:可见,从这四只拖鞋中随机地取出两只,共有12种不同的情况; 其中恰好匹配的有4种,分别是12211221A A A A B B B B ,,,.P ∴(恰好匹配)=41123=.四、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分)19.解:(1)过点C 作C E A B ⊥于点E ,四边形A B C D 是等腰梯形, A D B C D O C E ∴==,,2A O D B C E A O B E ∴∴==△≌△,, ······································································ 2分 64B O D C O E =∴== ,,()43C ∴,; ···················································································································· 3分设反比例函数的解析式()0k y k x=≠,根据题意得:34k =, ···································································································· 4分解得12k =;∴反比例函数的解析式12y x=; ·················································································· 5分(2)将等腰梯形A B C D 向上平移m 个单位后得到梯形A B C D '''',∴点B '()6m ,, · ········································································································································· 6分点B '()6m ,恰好落在双曲线12y x=上.∴当6x =时,1226m ==,即2m =. ····································································· 8分20.解法一:设信纸的纸长为cm x ··············································································· 1分 根据题意得:3.8 1.443x x +=+ ····················································································· 4分解得28.8cm x =; ········································································································ 6分 所以信封的口宽为28.8 3.811cm 4+=. ······································································· 8分答:信纸的纸长为28.8cm ,信封的口宽为11cm . 解法二:设信封的口宽为cm y , ·················································································· 1分 根据题意得:()()4 3.83 1.4y y -=- ············································································· 4分 解得11cm y =; ············································································································ 6分 所以信纸的纸长为()411 3.828.8cm ⨯-=. ······························································ 8分 答:信纸的纸长为28.8cm ,信封的口宽为11cm . 解法三:设信纸的纸长为x cm ,信封的口宽为y cm , ················································ 1分根据题意得: 3.841.43x y x y ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪+⎪⎩,=;··························································································· 4分解得:28.8cm 11x y =⎧⎨=⎩,c m.····································································································· 8分答:信纸的纸长为28.8cm ,信封的口宽为11cm .五、(本大题共2小题,每小题9分,共18分) 21.解:(1)平均数为:()163171173159161174164166169164166.4cm 10+++++++++= ·················· 1分中位数为:()166164165cm 2+= ··················································································· 2分众数为:164(cm ) ·········································································································· 3分 (2)选平均数作为标准:身高x 满足()()166.412%166.412%x ⨯-⨯+≤≤ ················································· 4分 即163.072169.728x ≤≤时为“普通身高”. ··························································· 5分 此时⑦、⑧、⑨、⑩男生的身高具有“普通身高”. ··················································· 6分 选众数作为标准:身高x 满足()()16512%16512%x ⨯-⨯+≤≤ ························································ 4分 即161.7168.3x ≤≤时为“普通身高”.5分 此时①、⑦、⑧、⑩男生的身高具有“普通身高”. ··················································· 6分 选众数作为标准:身高x 满足()()16412%16412%x ⨯-⨯+≤≤ ························································ 4分 即160.072167.28x ≤≤时为“普通身高”. ····························································· 5分 此时①、⑤、⑦、⑧、⑩男生的身高具有“普通身高”. ············································ 6分 (3)以平均数作为标准,估计全年级男生中具有“普通身高”的人数约为:428011210⨯=(人);·································································································· 9分以中位数作为标准,估计全年级男生中具有“普通身高”的人数约为:428010⨯=112(人); ···································································································· 9分以众数作为标准,估计全年级男生中具有“普通身高”的人数约为:528010⨯=140(人). ···································································································· 9分22.(1)证明:证法一:A B 、C D 相交于点O ,A O CB O D ∴∠=∠. ··································································································· 1分1(180)2O A O C O A C O C A A O C =∴∠=∠=∠ ,°-,同理可证:1(180)2O B D O D B B O D ∠=∠=-∠°,O A C O B D ∴∠=∠, ··································································································· 2分。
2024年浙江省杭州市西湖区之江实验中学九年级中考二模数学试题
2024年浙江省杭州市西湖区之江实验中学九年级中考二模数学试题一、单选题1.珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高的山峰,某日测得山脚气温为19℃,山顶气温为31-℃,则山脚与山顶的温度差为( ) A .12℃B .26℃C .50℃D . 69℃2.如图所示的圆柱,它的俯视图为( )A .B .C .D .3.把221a a -+分解因式,正确的是( ) A .()21a a -+ B .()21+aC .()()11a a +-D .()21a -4.如图,CA BE ⊥于A ,AD BC ∥,若154∠=︒,则C ∠等于( )A .36︒B .46︒C .54︒D .126︒5.如图所示,若点E 坐标为(),m n ,则()2,2m n -+对应的点可能是( )A .A 点B .B 点C .C 点D .D 点6.在一个不透明的袋子中,装有四个分别标有数字0,2的小球,这些小球除数字外其他完全相同.从袋子中随机摸出两个小球,两球上的数字之积恰好是无理数的概率是( ) A .12B .13C .14D .167.我国古代数学著作《增删算法统宗》记载“绳索量竿”问题:“一条竿子一条索,索比竿子长一托.折回索子去量竿,却比竿子短一托.”题目大意是:现有一根竿子和一条绳索,用绳索去量竿,绳索比竿长5尺;如果将绳索对半折后再去量竿,就比竿短了5尺.设竿长为x 尺,绳索长为y 尺,则符合题意的方程组是( )A .5152x y x y =+⎧⎪⎨=-⎪⎩B .5152y x y x =+⎧⎪⎨=-⎪⎩C .5152x y y x =-⎧⎪⎨=+⎪⎩D .525y x y x =-⎧⎨=+⎩8.尺规作图源于古希腊的数学课题,蕴含着丰富的几何原理.如图,在ABC V 中,按如下步骤尺规作图:①以点B 为圆心,BC 为半径作弧交边AB 于点D ;②以点A 为圆心,AD 为半径作弧交AC 于点E ;③连结CD 与DE .若要求CDE ∠的度数,则只需知道( )A .A ∠的度数B .B ∠的度数C .ACB ∠的度数D .DCE ∠的度数9.某小组在研究了函数1y x =与22y x=性质的基础上,进一步探究函数12y y y =-的性质,以下几个结论:①函数12y y y =-的图象与x 轴有交点; ②函数12y y y =-的图象与y 轴没有交点:③若点(),a b 在函数12y y y =-的图象上,则点(),a b --也在函数12y y y =-的图象上.以上结论正确的是( ) A .①②B .①③C .②③D .①②③10.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,10AB =,12BC =,E 是矩形内部的一个动点,连接AE BE CE DE ,,,,下列选项中的结论错误..的是( )A .0CE <<B .无论点E 在何位置,总有2222AE CE BE DE +=+C .若AE BE ⊥,则线段CE 的最小值为8D .若60EAD EBC ∠+∠=︒,AE BE +的最大值为23二、填空题11有意义,则x 的取值范围是.12.走路不仅可以帮助减肥,还可以增强心肺功能、血管弹性、肌肉力量等小云、小南两名同学将同一星期内日步数的数据绘制成折线统计图,将步数方差分别记为21S ,22S ,从折线统计图可知,21S 22S (填“>”,“<”或“=”).13.现有甲、乙两种糖果的单价与千克数如下表所示,将这a 千克甲种糖果和b 千克乙种糖果混合成什锦糖果,则混合什锦糖果的单价为元/千克(用含a 和b 表示).14.如图,正六边形ABCDEF 与正方形AGDH 都内接于O e ,连接BG ,则弦BG 所对圆周角的度数为.15.如图,4个小正方形拼成“L ”型模具,其中两个顶点在y 轴正坐标轴上,一个顶点在x 轴负半轴上,顶点D 在反比例函数(0)ky k x=≠的图象上,若4ABC S =V ,则k =16.已知矩形纸片ABCD ,将纸片沿AE 折叠,使点D 与BC 边上的点F 重合,展开纸片,连结AF ,DF ,DF 与AE 相交于点O .将纸片继续沿DF 折叠,点C 的对应点G 恰好落在AF 上,展开纸片,连结DG ,与AE 交于点H .已知5DE =,4CE =,则t a n C D F ∠=;AH =.三、解答题 17.化简:22193x x x ---.圆圆的解答下:()()()()22123933333x x x x x x x x x +-=----+-+23x x =-+3x =+ 圆圆的解答正确吗?如果不正确,写出正确的解答.18.如图,在66⨯的正方形网格图中,小正方形的边长都为1,ABC V 的顶点都在格点上,在该网格图中只用无刻度的直尺作图,保留作图痕迹.(1)在线段AC 上画出点D ,使ABD ACB ∽△△.(2)画出ABC V 的外接圆圆心O ,并连接OB ,OC ,求弧BC 的长19.小璐在研究数学题的时候发现:任意两个连续偶数的平方和是4的奇数..倍. (1)计算2224+的结果是4的几倍?(2)设两个连续偶数较小的一个为2n (n 为整数),请论证“发现”中的结论正确; (3)任意三个连续偶数的平方和一定是4的奇数..倍吗?______(填“是”或“否”). 20.某公司准备从A ,B 两款语音识别软件中择优购买一款.为了解两款软件的性能,测试员小敏随机选取了20个句子,其中每句都含10个字.他用标准普通话以相同的语速朗读每个句子来测试这两款软件,并将语音识别结果进行了整理、描述和分析,下面给出了部分信息:B款软件每个句子中识别正确的字数折线统计图为:A 、B 两款软件每个句子中识别正确的字数的统计表根据以上信息,解答下列问题:(1)上述中的=a ______,b =______,c =______;(2)若会议记录员用A 、B 两款软件各识别了500个句子,每个句子有10个文字,请估计两款软件一字不差地识别正确的句子共有多少个?(3)该公司现派采购小组前去购买一批同款语音识别输入软件,请你根据学过的统计量,从A 、B 两款软件中推荐一款进行采购,并简单说明你推荐的理由.21.甲骑电动车,乙骑自行车从深圳湾公园门口出发沿同一路线匀速游玩,设乙行驶的时间为()h x ,甲、乙两人距出发点的路程S 甲、S 乙关于x 的函数图象如图①所示,甲、乙两人之间的路程差y 关于x 的函数图象如图②所示,请你解决以下问题:(1)甲的速度是______km/h ,乙的速度是______km/h ; (2)对比图①、图②可知=a ______,b =______; (3)乙出发多少时间,甲、乙两人路程差为7.5km ? 22.综合与实践 【问题情境】如图,在正方形ABCD 中,点E 在线段AD 上,点F 在线段CD 上,且始终满足AE CF =.连接BE ,BF ,将线段BE 绕点E 逆时针旋转一定角度,得到线段EG (点G 是点B 旋转后的对应点),并使点G 落在线段BC 上,EG 与BF 交于点H .【初步分析】(1)线段EG 与BF 的数量关系为______,位置关系为______; 【深入分析】(2)如图②,再将线段EG 绕点E 逆时针旋转90°,得到线段EM (点M 是点G 旋转后的对应点),连接FM ,请判断四边形BEMF 的形状,并说明理由:(3)如图③,若点G 落在BC 的延长线上,且当点H 恰好为EG 的中点时,设CD 与EG 交于点N ,3AD =,求CG 的长.23.在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线()233y ax a x =+--经过点()3,A t ,(),B m p .(1)若0=t ,①求此抛物线的对称轴;②当p t ≥时,直接写出m 的取值范围;(2)若0t >,点(),C n q 在该抛物线上,m n >且2m n +>,请比较p ,q 的大小,并说明理由.24.在ABC V 内接于O e ,点D 在O e 上,连结AD ,AO 分别交BC 于点E ,F ,CAD BAO ∠=∠.⊥.(1)求证:AD BC(2)若AO CD∥.①求证:CA CF=.②若5CD=,BF=BC的长.。
2012年浙江省杭州市中考语文试题及参考答案
2012年浙江省杭州市中考语文试题及参考答案一(30分)1.下列加点字的注音全都正确的一项是(3分)A.滑稽(jī)佝偻(ɡōu)越俎代庖(bāo)B.酝酿(niàng) 藩篱(fān)鸿鹄之志(hú)C.行辈(háng) 蟾蜍(zhān)觥筹交错(gōng)D.曝晒(bào) 告罄(qìng) 锲而不舍(qiè)2.下列词语中没有别字的一项是(3分)A.混淆恻隐孤漏寡闻山崩地裂B.销毁揣摹冥思遐想味同嚼蜡C.呵责稀疏不容置疑百费待兴D.炫耀挑衅锋芒毕露黯然失色3.下列句子中加点的词语使用错误的一项是(3分)A.纵使骗术再高明,作案痕迹处理得再干净,也总会有证据让骗子在事实面前显露出原型。
B.中国政府对菲律宾在南海侵犯我国领土、妄图牟取非法利益的行为,提出了严正抗议。
C.此次旅游曲终幕落,我们虽已身在回程,但对喀纳斯湖那不可名状的美仍然神驰心往。
D.近年来,浙江水军名扬天下,孙杨、吴鹏等泳坛名将在国内外赛场上叱咤风云,屡创佳绩。
4.下列关于文学常识的说法,有错误的一项是(3分)A.《陋室铭》《马说》和《小石潭记》这三篇名文的作者分别是刘禹锡、韩愈和柳宗元,他们都是唐代伟大的文学家。
B.杨修、香菱、吴用这三个人物分别出自元末明初小说家施耐庵的《三国演义》、清代小说家曹雪芹的《红楼梦》、元末明初小说家罗贯中的《水浒》。
C.我国现代著名诗人艾青的《我爱这土地》和戴望舒的《我用残损的手掌》,都抒发了作者内心深处对祖国土地的无限热爱之情。
D.《皇帝的新装》和《丑小鸭》都是丹麦童话作家安徒生的代表作品,其中《丑小鸭》告诉我们,只要心怀梦想,即使身处逆境也能成才。
5.下列句子中没有语病的一项是(3分)A.近几年,国产奶粉的质量问题频发,从客观上推进了我国消费者对“洋奶粉”的依赖心理,使得“洋奶粉”格外受宠。
B.望着白云缭绕的巍巍香炉峰和飞流直下、势不可挡的庐山瀑布,无不使游览者感受到大自然的壮美雄奇和神功伟力。
2023年浙江省杭州市西湖区初中学业水平测试科学模拟提优卷(含答案)
2023年杭州市西湖区初中学业水平测试科学提优卷考生须知:1.本试卷满分为160分,考试时间为120分钟。
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4.本卷可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 O-16 Cl-35.5 S-32 Fe-56 Cu-645..本卷g取10牛/千克。
试题卷一、选择题(每小题3分,共60分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1. 2022年2月4日冬季奥运会在中国北京举行,国际奥委会严禁运动员服用兴奋剂。
可卡因是一种兴奋剂,其化学式C17H21NO4,有关可卡因的说法正确的是()A.可卡因是由C、H、O、N这4种元素组成的B.可卡因含有43个原子C.可卡因属于无机物D可卡因由17个碳原子、21 个氢原子、1个氮原子、4个氧原子构成2.2022年4月,一头抹香鲸在宁波象山海域附近搁浅。
当地居民紧急动员帮助抹香鲸重返大海。
下列说法不正确的是()A.鲸的鳍与人的上肢的结构和着生部位很相似,属于同源器官B.救援过程中要保持抹香鲸皮肤湿润,以避免影响其呼吸作用C涨潮前该头抹香鲸因压强过大搁浅后陷入泥沙中D.涨潮后抹香鲸在水中受到的浮力增大3.规范的操作是实验成功的基本保证,下列实验操作规范的是()A.加热液体B.配制溶液C.倾倒液体D.测pH值4.在2022年北京冬奥会上中国小将苏翊鸣夺得男子单板滑雪大跳台金牌,下列关于该运动的说法正确的是()A.比赛时,运动员从超过40米的助滑区出发是为了获得较大的初速度B.在运动中,运动员脚上穿着面积较大的单板,有利于减小落地时的冲击力C.运动员运动到最高点时,动能为零D.运动员下落过程中,重力势能全部转化为动能5.最近,科学家研制出一种纸质电池,这种“软电池”采用薄层纸片作为载体和传导体,在一边附着锌,在另一边附着二氧化锰。
浙江杭州西湖保俶塔实验学校2024-2025学年九年级数学第一学期开学学业水平测试模拟试题【含答案】
浙江杭州西湖区保俶塔实验学校2024-2025学年九年级数学第一学期开学学业水平测试模拟试题题号一二三四五总分得分批阅人A 卷(100分)一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题4分,共32分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1、(4分)实数a b 、在数轴上对应点如图所示,a -的结果是()A .2a B .2b C .2b -D .2a -2、(4分)菱形ABCD 中,如果E 、F 、G 、H 分别是各边中点,那么四边形EFGH 的形状是()A .梯形B .菱形C .矩形D .正方形3、(4分)若代数式有意义,则实数x 的取值范围是()A .x≠-3B .x>-3C .x≥-3D .任意实数4、(4分)Rt △ABC 中,斜边BC =2,则AB 2+AC 2+BC 2的值为()A .8B .4C .6D .无法计算5、(4分)如图,在△ABC 中,AB =3,AC =4,BC =5,P 为边BC 上一动点,PE ⊥AB 于E ,PF ⊥AC 于F ,M 为EF 中点,则AM 的最小值为()A .65B .52C .53D .546、(4分)甲、乙两班分别由10名选手参加健美比赛,两班参赛选手身高的方差分别是S 甲2=1.5,S 乙2=2.5,则下列说法正确的是()A .甲班选手比乙班选手的身高整齐B .乙班选手比甲班选手的身高整齐C .甲、乙两班选手的身高一样整齐D .无法确定哪班选手的身高整齐7、(4分)下列运算正确的是()A .236m m m ⋅=B .352()a a =C .44(2)16x x =D .2m 3÷m 3=2m 8、(4分)小明同学发现自己一本书的宽与长之比是黄金比约为0.1.已知这本书的长为20cm ,则它的宽约为()A .12.36cmB .13.6cmC .32.386cmD .7.64cm 二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)9、(4分)如图,将两张长为8,宽为2的矩形纸条交叉,使重叠部分是一个菱形,容易知道当两张纸条垂直时,菱形的周长有最小值8,那么菱形周长的最大值是_________.10、(4分)如图,在矩形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD相交于点O ,60AOB ∠=,1AB =,则AD 的长为________.11、(4分)化简:21x x ++11x x -+=___.12、(4分)矩形的长和宽是关于x 的方程27120x x -+=的两个实数根,则此矩形的对角线之和是________.13、(4分)若关于的一元二次方程有实数根,则的取值范围为______.三、解答题(本大题共5个小题,共48分)14、(12分)已知关于x 的一元二次方程x 2﹣(k+1)x+2k ﹣2=1.(1)求证:此方程总有两个实数根;(2)若此方程有一个根大于1且小于1,求k 的取值范围.15、(8分)解不等式组12(1)5{32122x x x --≤-<+,并把解集在数轴上表示出来.16、(8分)射阳县实验初中为了解全校学生上学期参加社区活动的情况,学校随机调查了本校50名学生参加社区活动的次数,并将调查所得的数据整理如下:参加社区活动次数的频数、频率分布表活动次数x 频数频率0<x≤3100.203<x≤6a0.246<x≤9160.329<x≤1260.1212<x≤15m b 15<x≤182n 根据以上图表信息,解答下列问题:(1)表中a=,b=;(2)请把频数分布直方图补充完整(画图后请标注相应的数据);(3)若该校共有1200名学生,请估计该校在上学期参加社区活动超过6次的学生有多少人?17、(10分)先化简、再求值.(6⎛-⎝,其中32x =,27y =.18、(10分)已知:等腰三角形ABC 的一个角B α∠=,求其余两角A ∠与C ∠的度数.B 卷(50分)一、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)19、(4分)如图,正方形ABCD 中,AB =6,E 是CD 的中点,将△ADE 沿AE 翻折至△AFE ,连接CF ,则CF 的长度是_____.20、(4分)关于x 的方程x 2+5x+m =0的一个根为﹣2,则另一个根是________.21、(4分)如图,某港口P 位于南北延伸的海岸线上,东面是大海.“远洋”号、“长峰”号两艘轮船同时离开港口P ,各自沿固定方向航行,“远洋”号每小时航行12n mile ,“长峰”号每小时航行16n mile ,它们离开港东口1小时后,分别到达A ,B 两个位置,且AB=20n mile ,已知“远洋”号沿着北偏东60°方向航行,那么“长峰”号航行的方向是________.22、(4分)“m 2是非负数”,用不等式表示为___________.23、(4分)如果的平方根是3±,则a =_________二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)24、(8分)如图,在ABCD中,对角线AC,BD交于点O,过点B作BE⊥CD于点E,延长CD到点F,使DF=CE,连接AF.(1)求证:四边形ABEF是矩形;(2)连接OF,若AB=6,DE=2,∠ADF=45°,求OF的长度.25、(10分)作图题:在图(1)(2)所示抛物线中,抛物线与x轴交于A、B,与y轴交于C,点D是抛物线的顶点,过D平行于y轴的直线是它的对称轴,点P在对称轴上运动.仅用无刻度的直尺画线的方法,按要求完成下列作图:图①图②(1)在图①中作出点P,使线段PA PC+最小;(2)在图②中作出点P,使线段PB PC-最大.26、(12分)在四边形ABCD中,AB∥DC,AB=AD,对角线AC,BD交于点O,AC平分∠BAD,过点C作CE∥DB交AB的延长线于点E,连接OE.(1)求证:四边形ABCD是菱形;(2)若∠DAB=60°,且AB=4,求OE的长.参考答案与详细解析一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题4分,共32分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1、B【解析】分析:先根据数轴确定a,b的范围,再根据二次根式的性质进行化简,即可解答.详解:由数轴可得:a<0<b,a-b<0,a-=|b|+|a-b|-|a|,=b-(a-b)+a,=b-a+b+a,=2b.故选B.点睛:本题考查了实数与数轴,解决本题的关键是根据数轴确定a,b的范围.2、C【解析】分析:利用中位线的性质证明四边形EFGH为平行四边形;再根据菱形的对角线互相垂直,可证∠EHG=90°,从而根据矩形的判定:有一角为90°的平行四边形是矩形,得出菱形中点四边形的形状.详解:∵菱形ABCD中,如果E、F、G、H分别是各边的中点,∴HE∥GF∥AC,HE=GF=12AC,∴四边形EFGH为平行四边形;又∵菱形的对角线互相垂直,∴∠EHG=90°,∴四边形EFGH的形状是矩形.故选:C.点睛:此题主要考查了菱形的性质,三角形中位线定理,矩形的判定.矩形的判定定理有:(1)有一个角是直角的平行四边形是矩形;(2)有三个角是直角的四边形是矩形;(3)对角线互相平分且相等的四边形是矩形.3、C 【解析】根据二次根式有意义的条件即可求出答案.【详解】∵代数式有意义∴x+3≥0∴x≥-3.故选C.本题考查二次根式有意义的条件,解题的关键是正确理解二次根式有意义的条件.4、A 【解析】利用勾股定理,由Rt△ABC 中,BC 为斜边,可得AB 2+AC 2=BC 2,代入数据可得AB 2+AC 2+BC 2=2BC 2=2×22=1.故选A.5、A 【解析】先根据矩形的判定得出四边形AEPF 是矩形,再根据矩形的性质得出EF ,AP 互相平分且相等,再根据垂线段最短可以得出当⊥AP BC 时,AP 的值最小,即AM 的值最小,根据面积关系建立等式求解即可.【详解】解:∵3AB =,4AC =,5BC =,∴90EAF ∠=︒,∵PE AB ⊥,PF AC ⊥,∴四边形AEPF 是矩形,∴EF ,AP 互相平分,且EF AP =,又∵M 为EF 与AP 的交点,∴当AP 的值时,AM 的值就最小,而当⊥AP BC 时,AP 有最小值,即此时AM 有最小值,∵1122AP BC AB AC =,∴AP BC AB AC =,∵3AB =,4AC =,5BC =,∴534AP =⨯,∴125AP =,∴1625AM AP ==.故选:A .本题考查了矩形的性质的运用,勾股定理的运用,三角形的面积公式的运用,垂线段最短的性质的运用,找出AP 取最小值时图形的特点是解题关键.6、A 【解析】∵2S 甲=1.5,2S 乙=2.5,∴2S 甲<2S 乙,则甲班选手比乙班选手身高更整齐,故选A .本题考查方差的意义.方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量,方差越大,表明这组数据偏离平均数越大,即波动越大,数据越不稳定;反之,方差越小,表明这组数据分布比较集中,各数据偏离平均数越小,即波动越小,数据越稳定.7、C【解析】A.2356m m m m ⋅=≠,错误;B.2365()a a a =≠,错误;C.()44216x x =,正确;D.33222m m m ÷=≠,错误.故选C.8、A【解析】根据黄金分割的比值约为0.1列式进行计算即可得解.【详解】解:∵书的宽与长之比为黄金比,书的长为20cm ,∴书的宽约为20×0.1=12.36cm .故选:A .本题考查了黄金比例的应用,掌握黄金比例的比值是解题的关键.二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)9、1【解析】画出图形,设菱形的边长为x ,根据勾股定理求出周长即可.【详解】当两张纸条如图所示放置时,菱形周长最大,设这时菱形的边长为xcm ,在Rt △ABC 中,由勾股定理:x 2=(8-x )2+22,解得:x=174,∴4x=1,即菱形的最大周长为1cm .故答案是:1.解答关键是怎样放置纸条使得到的菱形的周长最大,然后根据图形列方程.【解析】根据矩形的性质得出OA =OB =OC =OD ,∠BAD =90°,求出△AOB 是等边三角形,求出OB =AB =1,根据矩形的性质求出BD ,根据勾股定理求出AD 即可.【详解】∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴OA =OB =OC =OD ,∠BAD =90°,∵60AOB ∠=,∴△AOB 是等边三角形,∴OB =AB =1,∴BD =2BO =2,在Rt △BAD 中,AD ==考查矩形的性质,勾股定理等,掌握矩形的对角线相等是解题的关键.11、1【解析】分式的加减运算中,如果是同分母分式,那么分母不变,把分子直接相加减即可.解答:解:原式=2x 1x x 1+-+=1.点评:本题考查了分式的加减运算.最后要注意将结果化为最简分式.12、1【解析】设矩形的长和宽分别为a 、b ,根据根与系数的关系得到a+b=7,ab=12,利用勾股定理得到矩形的对角线长,再利用完全平方公式和整体代入的方法可计算出矩形的对角线长为5,则根据矩形的性质得到矩形的对角线之和为1.【详解】设矩形的长和宽分别为a 、b ,则a+b=7,ab=12,所以矩形的对角线长==5,所以矩形的对角线之和为1.故答案为:1.本题考查了根与系数的关系,矩形的性质,解题关键在于掌握运算公式.13、【解析】根据一元二次方程的定义和根的判别式得到△=b 2-4ac ≥0,然后求出不等式的解即可.【详解】解:有实数根∴△=b 2-4ac ≥0即,解得:即的取值范围为:本题考查了根的判别式:一元二次方程ax 2+bx+c=0(a ≠0)的根与△=b 2-4ac 有如下关系:当△>0时,方程有两个不相等的两个实数根;当△=0时,方程有两个相等的两个实数根;当△<0时,方程无实数根.三、解答题(本大题共5个小题,共48分)14、(3)证明见解析;(2)3<k<2.【解析】(3)根据方程的系数结合根的判别式,求得判别式0∆≥恒成立,因此得证;(2)利用求根公式求根,根据有一个跟大于3且小于3,列出关于k 的不等式组,解之即可.【详解】(3)证明:△=b 2-4ac=[-(k+3)]2-4×(2k-2)=k 2-6k+9=(k-3)2,∵(k-3)2≥3,即△≥3,∴此方程总有两个实数根,(2)解:x =解得x 3=k-3,x 2=2,∵此方程有一个根大于3且小于3,而x 2>3,∴3<x 3<3,即3<k-3<3.∴3<k<2,即k 的取值范围为:3<k<2.本题考查了根的判别式,解题的关键是:(3)牢记“当0∆≥时,方程总有两个实数根”,(2)正确找出不等量关系列不等式组.15、13x -≤<【解析】分别求出各不等式的解集,再求出其公共解集,并在数轴上表示出来即可.【详解】由①得,x≥-1,由②得,x <3,所以,不等式组的解集为:-1≤x <3,在数轴上表示如下:本题考查了一元一次不等式组的解法,在数轴上表示不等式组的解集,需要把每个不等式的解集在数轴上表示出来(>,≥向右画;<,≤向左画),在表示解集时“≥”,“≤”要用实心圆点表示;“<”,“>”要用空心圆点表示.16、(1)12;0.08(2)12(3)672【解析】试题分析:(1)直接利用已知表格中3<x ≤6范围的频率求出频数a 即可,再求出m 的值,即可得出b 的值;(2)利用(1)中所求补全条形统计图即可;(3)直接利用参加社区活动超过6次的学生所占频率乘以总人数进而求出答案.解:(1)a=50×0.24=12(人);∵m =50−10−12−16−6−2=4,∴b =4÷50=0.08;(2)如图所示:;(3)由题意可得,该校在上学期参加社区活动超过6次的学生有:1200×(1−0.20−0.24)=672(人),17、;【解析】根据二次根式混合运算的法则化简,再将x ,y 的值代入计算即可.【详解】解:(6⎛+- ⎝((=-==当32x =,27y =时==本题考查了二次根式的混合运算,解题的关键是掌握二次根式的运算法则.18、见解析.【解析】根据∠α的情况进行分类讨论求解即可.【详解】当90α︒≥时,由三角形内角和180︒,B Ð是顶角,所以1802A C α︒-∠=∠=当90α︒≤时,①B Ð是顶角,所以1802A C α︒-∠=∠=②B Ð是底角,A α∠=、1802C α︒∠=-或C α∠=、1802A α︒∠=-本题考查了等腰三角形的性质;等腰三角形中,已知没有明确具体名称时要分类讨论,这是解答本题的关键.一、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)19、【解析】连接DF 交AE 于G ,依据轴对称的性质以及三角形内角和定理,即可得到∠AGD =∠DFC =90°,再根据面积法即可得出DG =,最后判定△ADG ≌△DCF ,即可得到CF =DG =.【详解】解:如图,连接DF 交AE 于G ,由折叠可得,DE =EF ,又∵E 是CD 的中点,∴DE =CE =EF ,∴∠EDF =∠EFD ,∠ECF =∠EFC ,又∵∠EDF+∠EFD+∠EFC+∠ECF =180°,∴∠EFD+∠EFC =90°,即∠DFC =90°,由折叠可得AE ⊥DF ,∴∠AGD =∠DFC =90°,又∵ED =3,AD =6,∴Rt △ADE 中,又∵∴DG =∵∠DAG+∠ADG =∠CDF+∠ADG =90°,∴∠DAG =∠CDF ,又∵AD =CD ,∠AGD =∠DFC =90°,∴△ADG ≌△DCF (AAS ),∴CF =DG =,故答案为:.本题主要考查了正方形的性质,折叠的性质以及全等三角形的判定与性质,折叠是一种对称变换,它属于轴对称,折叠前后图形的形状和大小不变,位置变化,对应边和对应角相等.20、3-【解析】解:设方程的另一个根为n ,则有−2+n =−5,解得:n =−3.故答案为 3.-本题考查一元二次方程()200++=≠ax bx c a 的两根是12,x x ,则1212,.bc x x x x a a +=-⋅=21、南偏东30°【解析】直接得出AP=12n mile ,PB=16n mile ,AB=20n mile ,利用勾股定理逆定理以及方向角得【详解】如图,由题意可得:AP=12n mile ,PB=16n mile ,AB=20n mile ,∵122+162=202,∴△APB 是直角三角形,∴∠APB=90°,∵“远洋”号沿着北偏东60°方向航行,∴∠BPQ=30°,∴“长峰”号沿南偏东30°方向航行;故答案为南偏东30°.此题主要考查了勾股定理的逆定理以及解直角三角形的应用,正确得出各线段长是解题关键.22、2m ≥1【解析】根据非负数即“≥1”可得答案.【详解】解:“m 2是非负数”,用不等式表示为m 2≥1,故答案为:m 2≥1.本题主要主要考查由实际问题抽象出一元一次不等式,用不等式表示不等关系时,要抓住题目中的关键词,如“大于(小于)、不超过(不低于)、是正数(负数)”“至少”、“最多”等等,正确选择不等号.因此建立不等式要善于从“关键词”中挖掘其内涵,不同的词里蕴含这不同的不等关系.【解析】根据平方根的定义即可求解.【详解】∵9的平方根为3 ,,所以a=81此题主要考查平方根的性质,解题的关键是熟知平方根的定义.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)24、(1)见解析;(2)OF =.【解析】(1)根据菱形的性质得到AD ∥BC 且AD=BC ,等量代换得到BC=EF ,推出四边形AEFD 是平行四边形,根据矩形的判定定理即可得到结论;(2)根据直角三角形斜边中线可得:OF=AC ,利用勾股定理计算AC 的长,可得结论.【详解】(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形∴AB=CD ,AB ∥CD.∵DF=CE ,∴DF+DE=CE+ED ,即:FE=CD.∵点F 、E 在直线CD 上∴AB=FE ,AB ∥FE.∴四边形ABEF 是平行四边形又∵BE ⊥CD ,垂足是E ,∴∠BEF=90°.∴四边形ABEF 是矩形.(2)解:∵四边形ABEF 是矩形O ,∴∠AFC=90°,AB=FE.∵AB=6,DE=2,∴FD=4.∵FD=CE ,∴CE=4.∴FC=10.在Rt △AFD 中,∠AFD=90°.∵∠ADF=45°,∴AF=FD=4.在Rt △AFC 中,∠AFC=90°.∴.∵点O 是平行四边形ABCD 对角线的交点,∴O 为AC 中点在Rt △AFC 中,∠AFC=90°.O 为AC 中点.∴OF=AC=.本题考查了矩形的判定和性质,平行四边形的性质,勾股定理,正确的识别图形是解题的关键.25、(1)见解析;(2)见解析【解析】(1)作A 关于对称轴的对称点B,连接BC ,与对称轴的交点即为P 点;(2)由于点A 和点B 关于对称轴对称,则PA=PB,那么只要P、A、C 三点共线即可,即连接AC 并延长与对称轴的交点,就是所求的P 点.【详解】解:如图:(1)作A 关于对称轴的对称点B,连接BC ,与对称轴的交点即为P 点;点P 即为所求作(2)如图:延长AC 与对称轴的交点即为P 点.点P 即为所求作本题在函数图像中考查了两点之间直线最短和轴对称方面的知识,考查方式新颖,灵活运用所学知识成为解答本题的关键.26、(1)证明见解析;.【解析】(1)根据平行四边形的判定和菱形的判定证明即可;(1)根据菱形的性质和勾股定理解答即可.【详解】(1)∵AB ∥DC ,∴∠CAB =∠ACD .∵AC 平分∠BAD ,∴∠CAB =∠CAD .∴∠CAD =∠ACD ,第21页,共21页∴DA =DC .∵AB =AD ,∴AB =DC .∴四边形ABCD 是平行四边形.∵AB =AD ,∴四边形ABCD 是菱形;(1)∵四边形ABCD是菱形,∠DAB =60°,∴∠OAB =30,∠AOB =90°.∵AB =4,∴OB =1,AO =OC =1.∵CE ∥DB ,∴四边形DBEC 是平行四边形.∴CE =DB =4,∠ACE =90°.∴OE ===本题考查了平行四边形的性质与判定、全等三角形的判定与性质、菱形的判定;熟练掌握平行四边形的性质,证明三角形全等是解决问题的关键.。
浙江省杭州西湖区杭州市公益中学2022-2023学年九年级数学第一学期期末学业水平测试试题含解析
2022-2023学年九上数学期末模拟试卷注意事项1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
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一、选择题(每题4分,共48分)1.若反比例函数(0)k y k x =≠的图象经过点(1,2)-,则这个函数的图象一定还经过点( ) A .(2,1)- B .(,)122- C .(2,1)-- D .1(,2)22.如图,在菱形ABCD 中,120,BAD CE AD ∠=︒⊥,且,CE BC =连接,BE 则ABE ∠=( )A .45B .50C .35D .153.如图,在ABC 中,AB BC =,90ABC ∠=︒,点D 、E 、F 分别在边AC 、BC 、AB 上,且CDE △与FDE 关于直线DE 对称.若2AF BF =,72AD =,则CD =( ).A .3B .5C .32D .524.小华同学某体育项目7次测试成绩如下(单位:分):9,7,1,8,1,9,1.这组数据的中位数和众数分别为( )A .8,1B .1,9C .8,9D .9,15.如图,13O 中,弦AB 与CD 交于点E ,75DEB ∠=︒,6,1AB AE ==,则CD 的长是( )A .26B .210C .211D .436.某种品牌运动服经过两次降价,每件零售价由520元降为312元,已知两次降价的百分率相同,求每次降价的百分率.设每次降价的百分率为x ,下面所列的方程中正确的是( )A .2520(1)312x -=B .2520(1)312x +=C .2520(12)312x -=D .2520(1)312x -=7.正六边形的周长为12,则它的面积为( )A .3B .33C .43D .638.下列函数中,y 是x 的反比例函数的是( )A .2y x =B .123y x -=-C .221y x =-D .y x =-9.如图,矩形OABC 的OA 边在x 轴的正半轴上,点B 的坐标为()4,2,反比例函数k y x=的图象经过矩形对角线的交点P ,则k 的值是( )A .8B .4C .2D .110.成语“水中捞月”所描述的事件是( ).A .必然事件B .随机事件C .不可能事件D .无法确定11.如图反比例函数a y x= (0a ≠)与正比例函数y kx =(0k ≠) 相交于两点A ,B .若点A (1,2),B 坐标是( )A .(1-,2-)B .(2-,1-)C .(1-,3-)D .(2-,2-)12.河堤横断面如图所示,堤高BC=6米,迎水坡AB 的坡比为1:3,则AB 的长为A .12米B .43米C .53米D .63米二、填空题(每题4分,共24分)13.函数y =kx ,y =a x ,y =b x的图象如图所示,下列判断正确的有_____.(填序号)①k ,a ,b 都是正数;②函数y =与y =的图象会出现四个交点;③A ,D 两点关于原点对称;④若B 是OA 的中点,则a =4b .14.三角形的三条边分别为5,5,6,则该三角形的内切圆半径为__________15.已知关于x 的一元二次方程2640x x m -++=有两个实数根1x ,2x ,若1x ,2x 满足1232x x =+,则m 的值为_____________16.若正数a 是一元二次方程x 2﹣5x +m =0的一个根,﹣a 是一元二次方程x 2+5x ﹣m =0的一个根,则a 的值是______.17.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,Rt △ABO 的顶点O 与原点重合,顶点B 在x 轴上,∠ABO=90°,OA 与反比例函数y=k x的图象交于点D ,且OD=2AD ,过点D 作x 轴的垂线交x 轴于点C .若S 四边形ABCD =10,则k 的值为 .18.如图,已知直线l :y =﹣x +4分别与x 轴、y 轴交于点A ,B ,双曲线k y x=(k >0,x >0)与直线l 不相交,E 为双曲线上一动点,过点E 作EG ⊥x 轴于点G ,EF ⊥y 轴于点F ,分别与直线l 交于点C ,D ,且∠COD =45°,则k =_____.三、解答题(共78分)19.(8分)如图1,在△ABC 中,∠BAC =90°,AB =AC ,D 为边AB 上一点,连接CD ,在线段CD 上取一点E ,以AE 为直角边作等腰直角△AEF ,使∠EAF =90°,连接BF 交CD 的延长线于点P .(1)探索:CE 与BF 有何数量关系和位置关系?并说明理由;(2)如图2,若AB =2,AE =1,把△AEF 绕点A 顺时针旋转至△AE 'F ′,当∠E ′AC =60°时,求BF ′的长.20.(8分)如图,已知点D 在O 的直径AB 延长线上,点C 为O 上,过D 作ED AD ⊥,与AC 的延长线相交于E ,CD 为O 的切线,2AB =,3AE =.(1)求证:CD DE =;(2)求BD 的长;(3)若ACB ∠的平分线与O 交于点F ,P 为ABC 的内心,求PF 的长.21.(8分)已知y 是x 的反比例函数,并且当x=2时,y=6.(1)求y 关于x 的函数解析式;(2)当x=32-时,y=______. 22.(10分)如图,已知等边△ABC ,AB =1.以AB 为直径的半圆与BC 边交于点D ,过点D 作DF ⊥AC ,垂足为F ,过点F 作FG ⊥AB ,垂足为G ,连结GD .(1)求证:DF 是⊙O 的切线;(2)求FG 的长;(3)求△FDG 的面积.23.(10分)如图,AC 为O 的直径,B 为O 上一点,30ACB ∠=,延长CB 至点D ,使得CB BD =,过点D 作DE AC ⊥,垂足E 在CA 的延长线上,连接BE .(1)求证:BE 是O 的切线;(2)当3BE =时,求图中阴影部分的面积.24.(10分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点B 在x 轴上,∠ABO =90°,AB =BO ,直线y =﹣3x ﹣4与反比例函数y =()0k x x<交于点A ,交y 轴于C 点. (1)求k 的值;(2)点D 与点O 关于AB 对称,连接AD 、CD ,证明△ACD 是直角三角形;(3)在(2)的条件下,点E 在反比例函数图象上,若S △OCE =S △OCD ,求点E 的坐标.25.(12分)如图,某数学兴趣小组的同学利用标杆测量旗杆()AB 的高度:将一根3米高的标杆()CD 竖直放在某一位置,有一名同学站在F 处与标杆底端()D 、旗杆底端()B 成一条直线,此时他看到标杆顶端C 与旗杆顶端A 重合,另外一名同学测得站立()EF 的同学离标杆()3CD 米,离旗杆()30AB 米.如果站立()EF 的同学的眼睛距地面1.6米,过点E 作EH AB ⊥于点H ,交CD 于点(//,//,//)G EF AB CD AB EH FB ,求旗杆AB 的高度.26.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知ABC ∆的三个项点的坐标分别是()2,2A 、()4,0B 、(4,C -4).(1)在y 轴左侧画DEF ∆,使其与ABC ∆关于点O 位似,点D 、E 、F 分别于A 、B 、C 对应,且相似比为12; (2)DEF ∆的面积为_______.参考答案一、选择题(每题4分,共48分)1、A【分析】根据反比例函数的定义,得122k xy ==-⨯=-,分别判断各点的乘积是否等于2-,即可得到答案. 【详解】解:∵反比例函数(0)k y k x =≠的图象经过点(1,2)-, ∴122k xy ==-⨯=-;∵2(1)2⨯-=-,故A 符合题意; ∵1()212-⨯=-,2(1)2-⨯-=,1212⨯=,故B 、C 、D 不符合题意; 故选:A.【点睛】本题考查了反比例函数的定义,解题的关键是熟记定义,熟练掌握=k xy .2、D【分析】菱形ABCD 属于平行四边形,所以BC //AD ,根据两直线平行同旁内角互补,可得∠BAD 与∠ABC 互补,已知∠BAD=120°,∠ABC 的度数即可知,且∠BCE=90°,CE=BC 可推BCE 为等腰直角三角形,其中∠CBE=45°,∠ABE=∠ABC-∠CBE ,故∠ABE 的度数可得.【详解】解:∵在菱形ABCD 中,BC //AD ,∴∠BAD+∠ABC=180°(两直线平行,同旁内角互补),且∠BAD=120°,∴∠ABC=60°,又∵CE ⊥AD ,且BC //AD ,∴CE ⊥BC ,可得∠BCE=90°,又∵CE=BC ,∴BCE 为等腰直角三角形,∠CBE=45°,∴∠ABE=∠ABC-∠CBE=60°-45°=15°,故选:D .【点睛】本题主要考察了平行线的性质及菱形的性质求角度,掌握平行线的性质:①两直线平行,同位角相等;②两直线平行,内错角相等;③两直线平行,同旁内角互补;菱形中,四条边的线段长度一样,根据以上的性质定理,从边长的关系推得三角形的形状,进而求得角度.3、D【分析】过点F 作FH ⊥AD ,垂足为点H ,设BF a =,根据勾股定理求出AC ,FH ,AH ,设EC x =,根据轴对称的性质知3BE a x =-,在Rt △BFE 中运用勾股定理求出x ,通过证明FHD EBF ∆∆,求出DH 的长,根据AD AH HD =+求出a 的值,进而求解.【详解】过点F 作FH ⊥AD ,垂足为点H ,设BF a =,由题意知,2AF a =,3BC AB a ==,由勾股定理知,AC =,FH AH ==, ∵CDE ∆与FDE ∆关于直线DE 对称,∴EC FE =,45DFE DCE ︒∠=∠=,设EC x =,则3BE a x =-,在Rt △BFE 中,222(3)a a x x +-=, 解得,53x a =,即53EC a =,43BE a =, ∵45DFE DCE A AFH ︒∠=∠=∠=∠=,∴90DFH BFE ︒∠+∠=,90BEF BFE ︒∠+∠=,∴DFH BEF ∠=∠,∵90DHF FBE ︒∠+∠=,∴FHDEBF ∆∆, ∴DH FH BF BE=,∴4DH a =,∵4AD AH HD a =+=+= ∴解得,4a =,∴CD AC AD =-==,故选D .【点睛】本题考查了轴对称图形的性质,相似三角形的判定与性质,勾股定理,等腰直角三角形的性质等,巧作辅助线证明FHD EBF ∆∆是解题的关键.4、D【解析】试题分析:把这组数据从小到大排列:7,8,9,9,1,1,1,最中间的数是9,则中位数是9;1出现了3次,出现的次数最多,则众数是1;故选D .考点:众数;中位数.5、C【分析】过点O 作OF CD ⊥于点F ,OG AB ⊥于G ,连接OB OD 、,由垂径定理得出1,32DF CF AG BG AB ====,得出2EG AG AE =-=,由勾股定理得出222OG OB BG =-=,证出EOG ∆是等腰直角三角形,得出45,22OEG OE OG ∠=︒==30OEF ∠=︒,由直角三角形的性质得出122OF OE ==11DF = 【详解】解:过点O 作OF CD ⊥于点F ,OG AB ⊥于G ,连接OB OD 、,如图所示: 则1,32DF CF AG BG AB ====, ∴2EG AG AE =-=,在Rt BOG ∆中,221392OG OB BG =-=-=,∴EG OG =,∴EOG ∆是等腰直角三角形,∴45OEG ∠=︒,222OE OG ==,∵75DEB ∠=︒,∴30OEF ∠=︒,∴122OF OE ==, 在Rt ODF ∆中,2213211DF OD OF =-=-=,∴2211CD DF ==;故选C .【点睛】考核知识点:垂径定理.利用垂径定理和勾股定理解决问题是关键.6、A【分析】根据题意可得到等量关系:原零售价⨯(1-百分率)(1-百分率)=降价后的售价,然后根据等量关系列出方程即可.【详解】解:由题意得:2520(1)312x -=,故答案选A .【点睛】本题考查一元二次方程与实际问题,解题的关键是找出题目中的等量关系,列出方程.7、D【分析】首先根据题意画出图形,即可得△OBC 是等边三角形,又由正六边形ABCDEF 的周长为12,即可求得BC 的长,继而求得△OBC 的面积,则可求得该六边形的面积.【详解】解:如图,连接OB ,OC ,过O 作OM ⊥BC 于M ,∴∠BOC=16×360°=60°, ∵OB=OC ,∴△OBC 是等边三角形,∵正六边形ABCDEF 的周长为12,∴BC=12÷6=2,∴OB=BC=2,∴BM=12BC=1, ∴22OB BM -3∴S △OBC =12×BC ×OM=12×2×3=3, ∴该六边形的面积为:3×6=63.故选:D .【点睛】此题考查了圆的内接六边形的性质与等边三角形的判定与性质.此题难度不大,注意掌握数形结合思想的应用. 8、B【分析】根据y 是x 的反比例函数的定义,逐一判断选项即可.【详解】A 、2y x =是正比例函数,故本选项不符合题意.B 、y 是x 的反比例函数,故本选项符合题意;C 、y 不是x 的反比例函数,故本选项不符合题意;D 、y x =-是正比例函数,故本选项不符合题意;故选:B .【点睛】本题主要考查反比例函数的定义,掌握反比例函数的形式k y x =(k ≠0的常数),是解题的关键. 9、C【分析】根据矩形的性质求出点P 的坐标,将点P 的坐标代入k y x=中,求出k 的值即可. 【详解】∵点P 是矩形OABC 的对角线的交点,点B 的坐标为4,2∴点P ()2,1将点P ()2,1代入k y x=中 12k = 解得2k =故答案为:C .【点睛】本题考查了矩形的性质以及反比例函数的性质,掌握代入求值法求出k 的值是解题的关键.10、C【分析】根据必然事件、不可能事件、随机事件的概念进行解答即可.【详解】水中捞月是不可能事件.故选C .【点睛】本题考查了必然事件、不可能事件、随机事件的概念.必然事件指在一定条件下,一定发生的事件.不可能事件是指在一定条件下,一定不发生的事件,不确定事件即随机事件是指在一定条件下,可能发生也可能不发生的事件. 11、A【分析】先根据点A 的坐标求出两个函数解析式,然后联立两个解析式即可求出答案.【详解】将A (1,2)代入反比例函数a y x =(0a ≠), 得a=2, ∴反比例函数解析式为:2y x=, 将A (1,2)代入正比例函数y kx =(0k ≠),得k=2,∴正比例函数解析式为:2y x =, 联立两个解析式22y x y x⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩,解得12x y =⎧⎨=⎩或-1-2x y =⎧⎨=⎩, ∴点B 的坐标为(-1,-2),故选:A .【点睛】本题考查了反比例函数和正比例函数,求出函数解析式是解题关键.12、A【分析】试题分析:在Rt △ABC 中,BC=6米,BC AC =,∴.∴()2222AB AC BC 63612=+=+=(米).故选A.【详解】请在此输入详解!二、填空题(每题4分,共24分)13、①③④【分析】根据反比例函数、一次函数的性质以及反比例函数系数k 的几何意义即可判断.【详解】解:由图像可知函数y =kx 经过一、三象限,h 函数y =a x ,y =b x 在一、三象限,则k >0,a >0,b >0,故①正确;由图像可知函数y =a x 与y =b x的图像没有交点,故②错误; 根据正比例函数和反比例函数的图像都是中心对称图像可知,A ,D 两点关于原点对称,故③正确;若B 是OA 的中点,轴OA =2OB ,作AM ⊥x 轴于M ,BN ⊥x 轴于N ,∴BN ∥AM ,∴△BON ∽△AOM ,∴21()4BON AOM S OB S OA ∆∆==, ∴112142b a =, ∴b =4a ,故④正确:故答案为①③④.【点睛】本题考查了相似性质、反比例函数、一次函数的性质以及反比例函数系数k 的几何意义,数形结合的思想是解题的关键14、1.5【分析】由等腰三角形的性质和勾股定理,求出CE 的长度,然后利用面积相等列出等式,即可求出内切圆的半径.【详解】解:如图,点O 为△ABC 的内心,设OD=OE=OF=r ,∵AC=BC=5,CE 平分∠ACB ,∴CE ⊥AB ,AE=BE=116322AB =⨯=, 在Rt △ACE 中,由勾股定理,得22534CE =-=,由三角形的面积相等,则ABC AOC AOB BOC S S S S ∆∆∆∆=++, ∴11111()22222AB CE AC OD AB OE BC OF AC AB BC r •=•+•+•=•++•, ∴1164=(565)22r ⨯⨯⨯++, ∴ 1.5r =;故答案为:1.5;【点睛】本题考查的是三角形的内切圆与内心,三线合一定理,勾股定理,掌握三角形的面积公式进行计算是解题的关键. 15、4【解析】由韦达定理得出x 1+x 2=6,x 1·x 2=m +4,将已知式子3x 1= | x 2|+2去绝对值,对x 2进行分类讨论,列方程组求出x 1、x 2的值,即可求出m 的值.【详解】由韦达定理可得x 1+x 2=6,x 1·x 2=m +4, ①当x 2≥0时,3x 1=x 2+2,1212326x x x x =+⎧⎨+=⎩,解得1224x x =⎧⎨=⎩, ∴m =4;②当x 2<0时,3x 1=2﹣x 2,1212326x x x x =-⎧⎨+=⎩,解得1228x x =-⎧⎨=⎩,不合题意,舍去.∴m=4.故答案为4.【点睛】本题主要考查一元二次方程根与系数的关系,其中对x2分类讨论去绝对值是解题的关键.16、1【解析】试题解析:∵a是一元二次方程x2-1x+m=0的一个根,-a是一元二次方程x2+1x-m=0的一个根,∴a2-1a+m=0①,a2-1a-m=0②,①+②,得2(a2-1a)=0,∵a>0,∴a=1.考点:一元二次方程的解.17、﹣1【详解】∵OD=2AD,∴23 ODOA=,∵∠ABO=90°,DC⊥OB,∴AB∥DC,∴△DCO∽△ABO,∴23 DC OC ODAB OB OA===,∴22439 ODCOABSS⎛⎫==⎪⎝⎭,∵S四边形ABCD=10,∴S△ODC=8,∴OC×CD=8,OC×CD=1,∴k=﹣1,故答案为﹣1.18、1【解析】证明△ODA∽△CDO,则OD2=CD•DA,而则OD2=(4﹣n)2+n2=2n2﹣1n+16,CD2(m+n﹣4),DA2n,即可求解.【详解】解:点A、B的坐标分别为(4,0)、(0,4),即:OA=OB,∴∠OAB=45°=∠COD,∠ODA=∠ODA,∴△ODA∽△CDO,∴OD2=CD•DA,设点E(m,n),则点D(4﹣n,n),点C(m,4﹣m),则OD2=(4﹣n)2+n2=2n2﹣1n+16,CD(m+n﹣4),DA n,即2n2﹣1n+16(m+n﹣4)n,解得:mn=1=k,故答案为1.【点睛】本题考查的是反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题,涉及到三角形相似、一次函数等知识点,关键是通过设定点E的坐标,确定相关线段的长度,进而求解.三、解答题(共78分)19、(1)CE=BF,CE⊥BF,理由见解析;(2【分析】(1)由“SAS”可证△AEC≌△AFB,可得CE=BF,∠ABF=∠ACE,进而可得CE⊥BF;(2)过点E'作E'H⊥AC,连接E'C,由直角三角形的性质和勾股定理可求E'C的长,由“SAS”可证△F'AB≌△E'AC,可得BF'=CE'【详解】(1)CE=BF,CE⊥BF,理由如下:∵∠BAC=∠EAF=90°,∴∠EAC=∠FAB,又∵AE=AF,AB=AC,∴△AEC≌△AFB(SAS)∴CE=BF,∠ABF=∠ACE,∵∠ADC=∠BDP,∴∠BPD=∠CAD=90°,∴CE⊥BF;(2)过点E'作E'H⊥AC,连接E'C,∵把△AEF绕点A顺时针旋转至△AE'F′,∴AF =AE =AE '=AF '=1,∠BAF '=∠E 'AC =60°,∵∠E 'AC =60°,∠AHE '=90°,∴∠AE 'H =30°,∴AH =12AE '=12,E 'H =3AH =32, ∴HC =AC ﹣AH =32, ∴E 'C =229344HC E H +=+′=3, ∵AF '=AE ',∠F 'AB =∠E 'AC =60°,AB =AC ,∴△F 'AB ≌△E 'AC (SAS )∴BF '=CE '=3.【点睛】本题主要考查勾股定理和三角形全等的判定和性质定理,旋转的性质,添加辅助线,构造直角三角形,是解题的关键.20、(1)见解析;(2319-+(32 【分析】(1)利用同角的余角相等得出∠E=∠ECD ,从而得出结论;(2)利用直角△OCD 和直角△ADE 中的勾股定理列出方程解得BD 的长;(3)连接BF ,PB ,AF ,根据CF 平分ACB ∠求出2BF AF ==利用同弧所对的圆周角相等得出1ACF ∠=∠,从而得出FPB FBP ∠=∠,即FP=FB.【详解】解:(1)证明:连接OC ,∵CD 是O 的切线,∴OC CD ⊥,∴90ACO ECD ∠+∠=︒,∵ED AD ⊥,∴90A E ∠+∠=︒,∵OA OC =,∴E DCE ∠=∠,∴CD DE =.(2)∵2AB =,∴1OA OB OC ===,∵OC CD ⊥,∴由勾股定理可得,222(1)1CD BD =+-,∵ED AD ⊥,∴由勾股定理可得,2223(2)DE BD =-+,∵CD DE =,∴2222(1)13(2)BD BD +-=-+, ∴319BD -+=3192-(舍去). (3)连接BF ,PB ,AF ,∵CF 平分ACB ∠,∴AF BF =,∴AF BF =,∵AB 为直径,2AB =, ∴2BF AF ==∵P 为ABC 的内心,∴23∠∠=,4ACF ∠=∠,∵1ACF ∠=∠,∴14∠=∠,∴1234∠+∠=∠+∠,∴2FP FB ==.【点睛】本题属于圆的综合题,考查了圆周角的性质,勾股定理,等腰三角形的判定,内心的概念,需要综合多个条件进行推导.21、(1)12y x=;(2)-8 【分析】(1)设(0)k y k x=≠,将x=2,y=1代入求解即可; (2)将x=32-代入反比例函数解析式求出y 值. 【详解】解:(1)设(0).k y k x =≠ ∵当x=2时,y=1.∴62k =. ∴12.k =. ∴12y x =. (2)将x=32-代入12y x =得:12212()8332y ==⨯-=-- 所以8y =-.【点睛】本题考查了反比例函数的解析式,熟练掌握求反比例函数解析式的方法是解题关键.22、(1)详见解析;(293;(3813 【分析】(1) 如图所示,连接OD .由题意可知∠A=∠B=∠C=60°,则OD=OB,可以证明△OBD 为等边三角形,易得∠C=∠ODB=60°,再运用平行线的性质和判定以及等量代换即可完成解答.(2)先说明OD为△ABC的中位线,得到BD=CD=6.在Rt△CDF中,由∠C=60°,得∠CDF=30°,根据含30度的直角三角形三边的关系得CF=12CD,则AF=AC-CF=2,最后在Rt△AFG中,根据正弦的定义即可解答;(3)作DH⊥FG,CD=6,CF=3,DF=33,FH=332,DH=92,最后根据三角形的面积公式解答即可.【详解】解:(1)如图所示,连接OD.∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴∠A=∠B=∠C=60°∵OD=OB∴△OBD为等边三角形,∴∠C=∠ODB=60°,∴AC∥OD,∴∠CFD=∠FDO,∵DF⊥AC,∴∠CFD=∠FDO=20°,∴DF是⊙O的切线(2)因为点O是AB的中点,则OD是△ABC的中位线.∵△ABC是等边三角形,AB=1,∴AB= AC= BC= 1,CD=BD=12BC=6∵∠C=60°,∠CFD=20°,∴∠CDF=30°,同理可得∠AFG=30°,∴CF=12CD=3∴AF=1-3=2.∴3339222 FG AF===.(3)作DH ⊥FG ,CD=6,CF=3,DF=33 ∴FH=332,DH=92 ∴△FDG 的面积为12DH FG=8138【点睛】本题考查了切线的性质、等边三角形的性质以及解直角三角形等知识,连接圆心与切点的半径是解决问题的常用方法.23、(1)详见解析;(2)33322π. 【分析】(1)连接OB ,欲证BE 是O 的切线,即要证到∠OBE=90°,而根据等腰三角形的性质可得到30OBC OCB ∠=∠=.再根据直角三角形的性质可得到30BEC ∠=,从而得到120EBC ∠=,从而得到90EBO ∠=,然后根据切线的判定方法得出结论即可.(2)先根据已知条件求出圆的半径,再根据扇形的面积计算公式计算出扇形OBC 的面积,再算出三角形OBC 的面积,则阴影部分的面积可求.【详解】(1)证明:如图,连接OB∵OB OC =,30ACB ∠=,∴30OBC OCB ∠=∠=.∵DE AC ⊥,CB BD =,∴在Rt DCE ∆中,12BE CD BC ==. ∴30BEC OCB ∠=∠=∴在BCE ∆中,180120EBC BEC OCB ∠=-∠-∠=.∴1203090EBO EBC OBC ∠=∠-∠=-=,即BE OB ⊥.又∵B 为圆O 上一点,∴BE 是圆O 的切线.(2)解:当3BE =时,3BC =.∵AC 为圆O 的直径,∴90ABC ∠=.又∵30ACB ∠=,∴2AC AB =.在Rt ABC ∆中,222AB BC AC +=,即2223(2)AB AB +=, 解得3AB =. ∴223AC AB ==,3AO =∴22111133(3)333222222ABC S S S AO AB BC πππ∆=-=•-•=⨯-⨯⨯=-阴影半圆【点睛】本题考查了切线的判定方法和弓形面积的计算方法,正确作出辅助线是解题的关键.24、(1)-4;(2)见解析;(3)点E 的坐标为(﹣4,1).【分析】(1)根据一次函数图象上点的坐标特征求出点A 的坐标,利用待定系数法求出k ;(2)先求出点D 的坐标,求出∠ADB=45°,∠ODC=45°,从而得解;(3)设出点E 的坐标,根据三角形的面积公式解答.【详解】(1)设点B 的坐标为(a ,0),∵∠ABO =90°,AB =BO ,∴点A 的坐标为(a ,﹣a ),∵点A 在直线y =﹣3x ﹣4上,∴﹣a =﹣3a ﹣4,解得,a =﹣2,即点A 的坐标为(﹣2,2),∵点A 在反比例函数y =k x上, ∴k =﹣4; (2)∵点D 与点O 关于AB 对称,∴点D 的坐标为(﹣4,0)∴OD =4,∴DB =BA =2,则∠ADB =45°,∵直线y =﹣3x ﹣4交y 轴于C 点,∴点C 的坐标为(0,﹣4),∴OD =OC ,∴∠ODC =45°,∴∠ADC =∠ADB+∠ODC =90°,即△ACD 是直角三角形;(3)设点E 的坐标为(m ,﹣4m ), ∵S △OCE =S △OCD , ∴12×4×4=12×4×(﹣m ), 解得,m =﹣4, ∴﹣4m =1, ∴点E 的坐标为(﹣4,1).【点睛】本题考查的是反比例函数与几何的综合题,掌握待定系数法求反比例函数解析式是解题的关键.25、旗杆的高度为15.6米.【分析】过点E 作EH ⊥AB 于点H ,交CD 于点G 得出ECG EAH ∽,利用形似三角形的对应边成比例求出AH 的长,进而求出AB 的长.【详解】过点E 作EH AB ⊥于点H ,交CD 于点G .由题意可得,四边形EFDG GDHB 、都是矩形,////AB CD EF .ECG EAH ∴∽. ∴EG CG EH AH=. 由题意可得:330EG FD m EH FB m ==,==,31.6 1.4CG CD GD CD EF =-=-=-=(米). ∴3 1.430AH=, 14AH ∴=(米), 14 1.615.6AB AH HB ∴++===(米). 答:旗杆的高度为15.6米.【点睛】此题主要考查了相似三角形的应用,根据相似三角形判定得出△ECG ∽△EAH 是解题关键.26、(1)见解析;(2)1.【分析】(1)根据位似的性质得到点()2,2A 、()4,0B 、(4,C -4)的对应点D(-1,-1),E(-2,0),F(-2,2),连线即可得到位似图形;(2)利用底乘高的面积公式计算即可.【详解】(1)如图,(2)由图可知:E(-2,0),F(-2,2);∴EF=2,∴S △DEF 12112=⨯⨯=, 故答案为:1.【点睛】此题考查位似的性质,位似图形的画法,坐标系中三角形面积的求法,熟练掌握位似图形的关系是解题的关键.。
浙江省2024年初中学业水平考试(浙江统考)(二)(解析版)
浙江省2024年初中学业水平考试(浙江统考)科学试题卷(二)考生须知:1.全卷共四大题。
考试时间为120分钟。
总分160分。
2.请用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3.本卷可能用到的相对原子质量:H一1C一12N一14O-16Na-234.本卷计算中g取10牛/千克。
卷I一、选择题(本大题共有15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
每小题只有一个选项是正确的,不选、多选、错选均不给分)1.入冬之后,温州各处的银杏树叶逐渐变黄,吸引大量游客。
小明在欣赏美景时提出很多问题,其中不属于科学问题的是()A.入冬之后银杏叶为什么会变黄B.入冬之后银杏为什么会落叶C.不同地点的银杏叶变黄时间为何不同D.哪个季节的银杏叶更有观赏价值【解答】解:A.秋天气温降低,很多树的树叶出现变黄现象,入冬之后银杏叶为什么会变黄,有科学研究价值,属于科学问题;B.想知道入冬之后银杏会落叶的原因,有科学研究价值,属于科学问题;C.不同地点的银杏叶变黄时间为何不同,有科学研究价值,属于科学问题;D.哪个季节的银杏叶更有观赏价值,与审美有关,没有科学研究价值,不属于科学问题。
故选:D。
2.支原体肺炎是由单细胞生物﹣肺炎支原体引起的肺部疾病,初期可用抗生素治疗。
肺炎支原体会黏附于宿主的呼吸道上皮细胞表面,吸取养料。
以下对肺炎支原体的判断错误的是()A.肺炎支原体一定具有细胞膜B.肺炎支原体可能具有叶绿体C.肺炎支原体对抗生素会产生反应D.肺炎支原体会在呼吸道内生长繁殖【解答】解:A、肺炎支原体是原核生物,一定具有细胞膜,A正确;B、肺炎支原体寄生在其他生物体内,不能自己制造营养物质,需要从外界获取营养物质,营养方式为异养,不含叶绿体,B错误;C、肺炎支原体是原核生物,对抗生素会产生反应,C正确;D、肺炎支原体会在呼吸道内生长繁殖,D正确。
故选B。
3.手影是一种光影游戏,在光的照射下展示各式各样活灵活现的动物形象,如图是“豹子”的手影。
杭州市2003-2012年中考录取分数线
503 496 494
484 481 479 479 475 460 458 443 452 453 446 443 448
498 489 489
481 476 475 468 468 459 451 433 446 435 442 444
506 507 500
491 484 486 484 481 465 460 436 459 441 445 436 452 436
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497 489 491 483 484 472 460 436 464 436 444 436 454 436
484 481 477
467 455 457 449 452 436 418 405 427 405 405 405 414 405
488 476 475
463 458 459 438 454 434 412 406 428 406 417 413 418
513 509 505
497 495 489 485 483 478 441 451 465 442
512 506 498
494 488 483 478 477 463 460 462 45 479 477 471 469 457 457 442 439 435 432 432 431 422
杭州市区普通高中学校招生录取分数线
学校 杭州第二中学(滨江校区) 杭州学军中学 杭州高级中学 杭州第十四中学 杭州第四中学(下沙校区) 浙江大学附属中学 杭州市长河高级中学 杭州师范大学附属中学 杭州市第十四中学康桥校区 杭州第七中学 杭州西湖高级中学 杭州市源清中学 杭州第十一中学 杭州西湖高级中学择校班 杭州第四中学(吴山校区) 杭州绿城育华学校 杭州第九中学 杭州第二中学(东河校区) 杭七美 杭州第十中学 杭州市长征中学 杭州市夏衍中学 439 439 435 435 458 439 442 455 435 422 422 422 443 443 433 433 436 440 436 438 441 405 406 406 406 405 407 449 435 435 442 2012年 2011年 2010年 2009年 2008年 2007年 2006年 2005年 2004年 2003年
2012年浙江省宁波市中考物理试卷(含答案)
2012年浙江省宁波市中考物理试卷解析一、选择题(共7小题,每小题3分,满分21分)1.(2012•宁波)下列描述与实际相符的是()A.托起2个鸡蛋的力约1牛顿B.初中生投掷的实心球质量约10千克C.一本九年级(上)的科学书厚约10厘米D.光在真空中传播的速度约340米/秒考点:物理常识。
专题:顺推法。
分析:解答本题我们需要掌握估测法:估测法是利用物理概念、规律、物理常数和常识对物理量的数值、数量级进行快速计算以及对取值范围合理估测的方法.解答:解:B 初中生投掷的铅球质量约5kg,实心球的密度较小,所以质量小于铅球.不符合实际;C 一本九年级(上)的科学书厚度与手指宽度差不多,在1cm左右..不符合实际;D 光在真空中传播的速度约3×108米/秒.340m/s是声音在空气中的传播速度.不符合实际.故选A.点评:学物理的基本方法是观察和实验,在日常生活中要处处留心,注意积累,动脑思考,并把学到的东西应用到生活中去.2.(2012•宁波)下列电路图中,开关S闭合后,两个电阻并联的是()A.B.C.D.考点:串联电路和并联电路的辨别。
专题:应用题;图析法。
分析:根据串联和并联电路的特点,结合选项闭合开关进行分析,找出符合题意的选项.解答:解:A、两个电阻顺次连接,因此该电路为串联电路;B、开关闭合,导线对上边的电阻短路,只有下面的电阻连入电路;故不符合题意;C、两个电阻并列连接,因此该电路为并联电路;D、开关闭合,会对电源短路,烧坏电源,两个电阻不能工作,故不符合题意.故选C.点评:知道串并联的特点,并会根据串、并联电路的特点识别电路.3.(2012•宁波)在如图所示的四个情景中,可以用光的直线传播解释的是()A.桥在水中的倒影B.笔在水中偏折C.用放大镜看字D.鸽子的影子考点:光直线传播的应用。
专题:应用题;图析法。
分析:(1)光在同种、均匀、透明介质中沿直线传播,产生的现象有小孔成像、激光准直、影子的形成、日食和月食等;(2)光线传播到两种介质的表面上时会发生光的反射现象,例如水面上出现岸上物体的倒影、平面镜成像、玻璃等光滑物体反光都是光的反射形成的;(3)光线在同种不均匀介质中传播或者从一种介质进入另一种介质时,就会出现光的折射现象,例如水池底变浅、水中筷子变弯、海市蜃楼等都是光的折射形成的.解答:解:A、桥在水中的倒影,是水面成像,属于光的反射现象,不符合题意;B、笔在水中看起来偏折,是光的折射现象,不符合题意;C、用放大镜看字,属于凸透镜成像,是光的折射现象,不符合题意;D、鸽子在地面上的影子,是光沿直线传播形成的,符合题意.故选D.点评:此题通过几个日常生活中的现象考查了学生对光的反射、光的折射以及光的直线传播的理解.在平时要注意区分,找出它们实质上的不同,并学会用所学知识解释有关的物理现象.4.(2012•宁波)下列实验装置与探究内容不相符的是()A.探究磁极间相互作用规律B.探究磁性强弱与电流大小的关系C.探究通电直导线周围存在磁场D.探究产生感应电流的条件考点:磁极间的相互作用;通电直导线周围的磁场;探究影响电磁铁磁性强弱的因素的实验;产生感应电流的条件。
初中毕业水平抽测试卷
2013西湖区初中毕业学业水平抽测英语试卷考生须知:1.本试卷分试题卷和答题卷,满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.答题前,在答题卷密封区内填写学校、班级和姓名。
3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上,写在试题卷上无效。
4.考试结束,上交答题卷。
一.单项填空(共15小题,计15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. Look at these photos. Victor has _______ aunt and two uncles.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填2. This is not ____ book. It is mine.A. sheB. herC. heD. his3. –What do you think of our new math teacher?–I love her. She’s really ______. She likes telling jokes after class.A. seriousB. funnyC. boringD. strict4. Some boy students are very computer games.A. interested inB. interesting inC. interestingD. interested5. You have worked all day. You ________ be tired.A. mustB. can’tC. couldD. might6. I want to buy the book.Do you know its ______ ?–Not very well.Maybe 50 yuan.A. coverB. priceC. colorD.size7.Do you know ? –Yes, I do. She came here on foot.A. how did Kate come hereB. how Kate came hereC. when Kate comes hereD. why Kate didn’t come8. –______ you have a pen pal ? –Yes. we often send emails to each other.A. DoB. DoesC. IsD. Are9.-- Oh, I had a terrible toothache.-- You’d better see a doctor and have your bad teeth out.A. go to; pullingB. to go; pulledC. go to; pulledD. to go; pulling10. You are going shopping this afternoon, ______ you?A.won’tB. aren’tC. areD. will11. I really don’t know _________.A. what should I doB. what to doC. what doesD. what doing12. He lives , but he d oesn’t feel .A. alone; lonelyB. lonely; aloneC. alone; aloneD. lonely; lonely13.I go to bed _____ 9:15 in the evening.A.in B.at C.under D.on14. ―______ does your brother go to school?―At 7:00.A.What timeB. WhatC. HowD. Where15 ―___________? ---Yes, please.A. How are youB. Can I help youC. What can you do for meD. Thank you.二.完形填空(共10小题,计15分)Do you like watching TV? Do you know the 16 (A family with kids) (家有儿女)? Did you see it? Many people 17 it. Do you like this. sitcom? I like it very much. There are 18 kids in this sitcom, two boys and a girl. Liu Xing is a (n) 19 boy, and he likes fashion. Xia Y u is heavy, and he 20 ice cream. Xia Xue is a beautiful girl. She likes studying and she can study 21 . They live in a 22 . But they have the same (相同的) parents. There are many 23 among them, and they are very interesting. What do you think 24 the sitcom? Maybe (或许) you like it, maybe you don't mind it, or maybe you can't 25 it. I like it, and I think the sitcom is pretty good. "( ) 16. A. sports show B. sitcom C. game show D. talk show ( ) 17. A. see B. is seeing C. saw D. sees( ) 18. A. one B. two C. three D. four( ) 19. A. cool B. ugly C. scary D. shy( ) 20. A. doesn't love B. doesn't mind C. loves D. can't Stand ( ) 21. A. good B. well C. better D. best( ) 22. A. house B. school C. library D. hotel( ) 23. A. subjects B. stories C. languages D. newspapers ( ) 24. A. of B. for C. out D. in( ) 25. A. buy B. watch C. talk D. stand三.阅读理解(共15小题,计30分)ADo you know what people are doing in different places now? Let’s have a look.Place: ParisTime: 10:30Name: TomAge: 13Doing: Starting his math lesson Place: New YorkTime: 14:30Name: MaryAge: 12Doing: Having afternoontea at homePlace: LondonTime: 9:30Name: TimAge: 15Doing: Eating hamburgersand drinking Coke in KFC26. Where is Tim from?A. China.B.America.C. England.27. Who is taking classes at school now?A. Mary.B. Tom.C. Tim.28. If (如果) it is ten o’clock in the evening in Paris, what time is it in New York?A. Two o’clock in the morning.B. Three o’clock in the afternoon.C. Five o’clock in the evening.29. How old was Tom last y ear?A. 12.B. 13.C. 14.30. Which is Right?A. Tim and Tom are sleeping now.B. It is in the afternoon in New York now.C. Mary is having dinner at home.BTara lives in England and she has a car. Helen lives in the USA and she has a car, too. Tara and Helen are drivers. They drive the cars very carefully.There are many differences between their cars. Do you know the real differences? When Tara drives in England, she will drive on the left-hand. Everyone in England drives on the left. But Helen drives on the right, because Americans drive their cars on the right-hand side of the road.Tara goes to work five days a week by car. She is a history teacher in a middle school. Her house is very far from her school. Every day she gets up early and drives to work. There are only第4页(共8页)some cars on the road because English people like to take a train. And Helen goes to work by car, too. She works only 3 days a week. She is a manager in a factory. I t’s not very far from her home. But there are a lot of cars on the road. Americans like to go to work by car.Tara gets home very late. She usually has supper at 8:00. Helen gets home at 5:00 and she has dinner at 6:30.31. Tara is from _______.A. AmericaB. China.C. England32. Americans drive their cars on the _________.A. rightB. bridgeC. left33. What does the underlined(画线的) word differences in the passage means ________.A. 相同之处B. 相似之处C. 不同之处34. From the passage, we know Tara is a _________.A. mangerB. teacherC. farmer35. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. Americans like to drive to work.B. English people like to go to work by train.C. Tara works three days a week.四.第二节:( ) 36 Jack is a robot fan. He collects all kings of robots and he likes movies about robots. ( ) 37 Kate likes play best. She often goes to see play with her friends.( ) 38 Laura likes cartoon very much. She always watches Disney movies about bears.( ) 39 Ann likes deer very much. She wants to see some movies about them.( ) 40 Bob likes dogs, and he keeps two pet dogs at home.A. Brother Bear is a story about bears.B. Underdog tells you about the hero of people.C. Breaking Free is a kind of play about romance.D. Wall-E is a cartoon about robots..E. Prince Casbin is a story about a prince.F. Bambi is the name of a lovely deer.G. Peculiar Kin is a cartoon about family.五.词语填空(共15小题,计15分)用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺、连贯(每个单词限用一次)Class 9 had a __41___ time on the school trip. They _42___ to Blue Water Aquarium forthe day. First they _43___ the Visitors’ Center and watched a _44____ about sharks. Then they ___45___ a dolphin show. After that, they went to the Outdoor Pool and _46___ a big octopus.After lunch, they went to the Gift Shop and ___47__ lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, they __48__ the bus back to school. At the end of the day, the science teacher __49__ very happy because the students __50____ the bus after the trip.六.单词拼写(共10小题,计10分)根据下列句子及所给中文提示在答卷上按题号写出各单词的完全形式(每空限填一词)51. There are two _____________(图书馆) in our city.52. The weather today is pretty ____________(多云的).53. She wants to be a teacher because she loves ___________(孩子们)54. Vicky’s mother ___________(打扫)the house every afternoon.55. Wh at are you doing ? I’m __________(等待)for the bus.56. My desk is on the __________(左边).57. My grandfather takes a _ ( 散步)after supper every day.58. It’s so __________ (热). Let’s go swimming.59. Tim works as a ___________( 医生) in a hospital60. I want to buy a dictionary, but I have no _____________(钱)七.书面表达(共1小题,计15分)假如你是Tony,你准备暑假参加英语夏令营,请根据下表提供的信息,用英语向你的营友介绍一下自己。
2012年江苏省南京市中考真题及答案
解:(1)已确定甲打第一场,再从其余3名同学中随机选取1名,恰好选中乙同学的概率是 .(2分)
(2)从甲、乙、丙、丁4名同学中随机选取2名同学,所有可能出现的结果有:(甲,乙)、(甲,丙)、(甲,丁)、(乙,丙)、(乙,丁)、(丙,丁),共有6种,它们出现的可能性相同.所有的结果中,满足“随机选取2名同学,其中有乙同学”(记为事件 )的结果有3种,所以 .(7分)
11.已知一次函数 的图象经过点(2,3),则 的值为_________.
12.已知下列函数① ;② ;③ ,其中,图象通过平移可以得到函数 的图象的有_________(填写所有正确选项的序号).
13.某公司全体员工年薪的具体情况如下表:
年薪/万元
30
14
9
6
4
3.5
3
员工数/人
1
1
1
2
7
6
2
则该公司员工的年薪的平均数比中位数多_________万元.
南京市2012年初中毕业生学业考试
数 学
注意事项:
1.本试卷共6页.全卷满分120分.考试时间为120分钟.考生答题全部答在答题卡上,答在本试卷上无效.
2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上.
20.(本题8分)
解:(1)因为 (人), (人),
所以,该校从七年级学生中随机抽取90名学生,应当抽取50名男生和40名女生.(2分)
(2)本题答案不惟一,下列解法供参考.
选择“频数”这一列数据可用图①表示;选择“百分比”这一列数据可用图②表示.
(5分)
2024年浙江省杭州市萧山区中考二模语文试题(含答案)
2024年初中学业水平仿真考试语文试题卷考生须知:1.本科目试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分。
满分120分,考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,必须在答题卷的指定区域内填涂校名、姓名、考号、座位号等有关信息。
3.所有答案都必须做在答题卷标定的位置上,务必注意试题序号和答题序号相对应。
一、班级进行“水文化”专题学习,请完成任务。
(24分)【水之貌】1.按拼音填写汉字。
(2分)(1)shùn()息(2)mí()漫2.下列加点词依次解释正确的一项是()(3分)悬泉瀑.布____________林寒涧.肃____________桃花潭.水深千尺____________竭泽.而渔____________①积聚的低洼地方②山间流水的沟③很深的水池④从陡坡直流下来的水流A.④③②①B.②④③①C.④②③①D.④③①②【水之韵】3.下面是同学整理的跟水相关的诗文名句。
请将表格填写完整。
(8分)【水之喻】4.人们常说女性似水,下列女性形象中,你认为哪一个最适合用柔中有刚来评价?请结合情节简要分析。
(4分)■江姐(《红岩》)■水生嫂(《白洋淀纪事》)■沈琼枝(《儒林外史》)■简·爱(《简·爱》)___________________________________________________________________________________________【水之情】5.依次在下面文字画线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()(3分)杭州的水是多姿多彩的。
我们有大江大湖的豪爽气魄,也有____________;我们有____________,也有霜林野水的幽娴灵动;我们有激流、瀑布的惊险震撼,也有____________;我们有____________,也有潺潺流淌的小溪水。
①江南水乡的恬静淡雅②小桥流水的田园之美③排山倒海之势的钱江潮④深潭、山泉的古幽之情A.②①③④B.②①④③C.③②④①D.②③①④6.水,是历代诗人常咏之物。
2012年江西省中考英语试卷含答案
江西省20 1 2年初中毕业暨中等学校招生考试英语试题卷一、听力测试(25分)现在是试听时间。
请听一段对话,然后回答问题。
What is the boy going to buy?A. Some juice.B. Some oranges.C. Some apples.答案是C。
A)请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
听完每段对话后,你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话读两遍。
(每小题1分)1. How is the weather in New York?A. It's cloudy.B. It's rainy.C. It's sunny.2. Where is the hotel?A. On the right.B. Next to the post office.C. Across from the post office.3. What's Paul doing?A. Reading.B. Smoking.C. Writing.4. Why is the woman worried?A. Because Tom may miss the train.B. Because the train is late.C. Because Tom has changed his plan.5. What does the man mean?A. It's hard to pass the exam.B. It's easy to pass the exam.C. They didn't work hard before.B)请听下面3段对话和2段独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
听每段对话或独白前你都将有30秒钟的时间阅读各小题。
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2012年西湖区初中生学业水平测试
八年级网上阅卷学科基本信息
阅卷小组数:____个(即改卷时分为多少个题组)
答题卡张数:____ 答题卡面数:_____
客观题:共__题(其中题单项,题多项)
主观题:题
题号___题~___题(每小题分,共分)
答案
题号___题~____题(题分,题分)
答案
学科名称初中语文负责人联系手机
阅卷时间月日开始阅卷人数阅卷地点
网上阅卷评分细则
序号题组名
称
对应题
号
误差值
小题
号
分值
阅卷方
式
整数分给分方式
一
基础组
(分)
3
6 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
7 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
8 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
9 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
10 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
二
散文组
(分)
4
11 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
12 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
13 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
14 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
三
科技组
(分)
3
15 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
16 3 双评整数分0、1、2、3
17 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
18 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
四
文言组
(分)
3
21 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
22 4 双评整数分0、1、2、3、4
23 5 双评整数分
0、1、2、3、4、
5
五
作文组
(分)
5 24 双评整数分0、 (40)
阅卷教师人员分配表
阅卷题组名称人
数组长
试题序号阅卷教师姓名
基础组散文组科技组文言组作文组。