小学英语pep人教版五年级下册《look at the monkeys part a read and write》版教案3.doc
英语人教版五年级下册Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys A l
. I love my day.
Thank you !
flying walking
Look at the tiger!
running
jumping
It’s running! The rabbit is jumping.
swimming
first! Great! He’s so coooooool!
swimming Do you know Liu Xiang’s hobby? Yes, he is ___________.
Homework (家庭作业) :
Write a Dairy(日记)about your day!
My day It’s Sunny today. I go to the zoo with Miss Gao. I see many animals The tiger is is rabbit is . The bird is .The elephant is .The fish .The
Look at the mouse is __ it doing? What __ It’s jumping.
He’s swimming.
She’s walking.
竞走冠军 王丽萍
He’s running .
What is it doing? the tiger !
running
jumping
It’s running!The
rabbit
. is jumping
swimming
fish Look at the ____. What is __ it doing?
swimming It’s __________.
cat Look at the ____. What __ is __ it doing? It’s running.
人教PEP版英语五下unit5lookatthemonkeysBLet’sLea
a
23
Dear Mr Zhao,
I’m in Ningbo now. I’m in the Yonger Zoo. I see many animals. The lions are_________. The bears are _________, too. Near the river, I can see some elephants. They’re ______________. I can see some ducks in the lake. They’re ________. There are some monkeys in the trees. They’re________. _________ are my favourite animals. They’re_______.They’re so lovely.I love the animals in the Yonger Zoo.
B: Can you see any …?
A: Yes. They’re ….
B: What are the …doing?
A: They’re ….
B: Haha. How funny! Have a good time. Byebye.
A: Bye.
a
22
Let’s protect the animals!
… They’re drinking
Haha, how funny!
a
juice
Coca
18
A: What can you see? B: I can see some … A: What are the … doing? B: They’re …
人教版五年级下册英语教案-Unit5《Look at the Monkeys》
人教版五年级下册英语教案:Unit5《Look atthe Monkeys》盛年不重来，一日难再晨。
及时当勉励，岁月不待人.at the Monkeys》.教学目标1、能够听、说、读、写句型：What is it doing It’s eating bananas. What is she doing She’s jumping.2、能够听、说、认读句子：The elephant is drinking water with its trunk.教学重难点教学重点本课时的教学重点是能够听、说、读、写句型：What is it doing It’s eating bananas. What is she doing She’s jumping.教学难点能够听、说、认读句子：The elephant is drinking water with its trunk.教学过程Step1: Pre-reading 1. Chant together.Look at the elephants.What are they doing What are they doingThey are drinking water. They are drinking water.Look at the monkeys.What are they doing What are they doingThey are swinging. They are swinging.2、Review（1）出示，教师提问，请学生来回答。
T: What is itDo you like it What is it doing Yes，it’s hungry.等。
（2）展示下一张幻灯片，教师接着询问，T:What canyou see What are they Oh， the baby kangroo is so cute. What is it doing What is the motherkangroo doing（3）之后的几幅图片请学生来问答。
小学PEP五年级英语下册《Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys》精品
13
Chant
Bird, bird, what can you do? I can fly. I can fly. Fish, fish, what can you do? I can swim. I can swim.
Tiger, tiger, what can you do? I can run. I can walk.
3.
The snake is writing. 精选课件ppt Fishes are swimming. 22
此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！ 感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！
It’s jumping.
精选课件ppt
16
-Look at the…What is it doing? -It’s…
It’s swimming.
精选课件ppt
17
-Look at the…What is it doing? -It’s…
It’s flying.
精选课件ppt
18
-Look at the…What is it doing? -It’s…
Frog, frog, what can you do? I can jump. I can jump.
精选课件ppt
14
-Look at the…What is it doing? -It’s…
It’s walking.
精选课件ppt
15
-Look at the…What is it doing? -It’s…
精选课件ppt
1
PEP PRIMARY ENGLISH 五年级下册 Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys A Let’s learn
PEP人教版小学英语五年级下册Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys教学设计
.教学内容教 师教学目标PEP Book6 Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys教学设计PEP Book6 Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys知识目标： 能听、说、读、写本课时的四会单词：flying 、walking 、jumping 、running 、swimming 。
能力目标：能听说、认读句子：“Look at the …. It’s …. The …is ….”注重新旧知识的融会贯通，能在实际情景中学会表达。
情感目标：培养学生热爱动物的良好品质。
重点：能听、说、读、写本课时的四会单词：flying 、walking 、教学重难点jumping 、running 、swimming 。
难点：能够读准五个动词的末尾字母与 ing 连读的发音；能用所学词汇描述正在进行的动作。
教 具CAI ，单词卡片等教学步骤教学环节Step1：Ａ．Free talk教学过程 设计意图通过 Free talk ，Warm up&What’s your favourite animal?Ｂ．Let’s do学生回忆所学的动物名称，通过TPR 活动，复习RevisionStep 2：PresentationCAI presents PEP Book1 Unit 4 B Let’s 所学动词，从而do, Ss do the actions. 为导入新课做好铺垫。
A ．Present “jumping ”，“walking ”，“flying ” 通过动态的图片CAI presents animals. 展示，学生直接T points to the rabbit and says “jumping ”. 理解这些动词。
“ .&PracticeSs practice “jumpi ng’”.(includingpronunciation and spelling) 让学生能准确地T points to the elephant and says walking” 朗读单词，拼写Ss practice “walking ”. (includingpronunciation and spelling)T points to the bird and says “flying ”. Ss practice “flying ”. (including pronunciationand spelling)B ．Present “Look at the …. It’s ….”Ss practice it.C ．Present “swimming ”，“running ”.(including pronunciation and spelling)D ．Present the sentence “What is the …doing? It’s ….”Ss practice it.E ．Let’s chant.Step 3A ． Look, read and tick or cross.B ． Guessing gameConsolidation C ．Sum up the “ing ” form单词。
最新小学英语五年级下册《Unit 5 Look at the Monkeys》精品版
2020年小学英语五年级下册《U n i t5L o o k a t t h eM o n k e y s》精品版Unit 5 Look at the monkeys教案教学内容：小学英语PEP教材五年级下册Unit 5 Look at the monkeys. Part A Let’s learn.教学重点：使学生掌握五个动词ing形式，并用现在进行时进行简单表达。
教学难点：“running”“swimming”的拼写。
教具：录音机、多媒体课件、单词卡片。
教学过程：Step 1 Warm up1.Have a chant：“What are you doing?”2.Free talk: What am I doing? What are you doing? ... Step 2 Lead inWhat is the bird doing?Step 3 Presentation: Learn the words（利用录音机、实物、多媒体课件、单词卡片等）flying, jumping, walking, running, swimmingStep 4 Drills1.2.Listen to the tape.( Pay attention to the pronunciationand intonation.)2. Pair work.Step 5 Practice1.2.Try to make a new chant.3.Play a guessing game.Step 6 Consolidation and extension1.2.Listen and write.3.Group work. Talk about the“ Animals park”.( Animals are our friends. We should love them. And we should protect them.)Step 7 Sum upStep 8 Homework1.Listen to the tape.2.Try to talk about the picture( Book P58 )with your parents.Unit 5 Look at the monkeys.说课各位领导、老师，大家好：今天我执教的是小学英语PEP教材五年级下册Unit 5 Look at the monkeys. Part A Let’s learn. 本节课的教学目标：知识目标：掌握本课中的四会单词，并用现在进行时进行简单表达。
PEP小学英语教材五年级下册Unit 5 Look at the monkey
.
15
.
16
Doing
The butterfly is flying.
The pig is running.
The duck is swimming.
The kangaroo is jumping.
The fox is walking.
.
13
Aftrhin三1eefriLmnmlu会ydoansaioln.句snnPkgdialne子-rpajaegurtso：-omettwuehlrcpaoetgvliktnoethioigegndmegr. !
.
3
Let’s chant
Hunt like a mouse. Walk like an elephant. Climb like a bear. Fly like a bird. Jump like a squirrel.
.
4
Fly like a bird.
The bird is flying.
.
5
• Walk like an elephant.
• The elephant is ___w_a__lk. ing.
talking
.
6
Jump like a squirrel.
The squirrel is __j_u_m__p.ing.
.
7
Swim like a fish.
The fish is_s_w__im_.ming.
shopping
.
8
Run like a tiger.
The tiger is. running.
PEP小学英语五年级下册Unit5 Look at the Monkeys
PEP小学英语五年级下册Unit5 Look at the MonkeysPart B Let’s learn课时：一课时教学目标：1.听说读写单词：sleeping/climbing/fighting/swinging/drinking water2. 听说读句子：What are the elephants doing ? They’redrinking. 并能替换关键词进行对话。
3.培养学生热爱动物的思想感情。
教学重难点：重点：四会单词的掌握难点：1.动词原形加上ing后的读音2.学生能熟练运用句型，对其他的动物正在干什进行提问和回答，同时在提问过程中应注意the的发音。
教学准备：PPT 笑脸水杯文本教学过程：一Warm-up/Revision1.Let’s sing: Smart Hands2.Revision:look and say:Look at the …It’s swimming/running /jumping/flying/walking.二Presentation/Practice1.sleeping教师利用PPT呈现一张狮子的图片，T：What’s this? S: Lion T: What is it doing ? It’s sleeping. 教师用手做睡觉状。
T：Look at the lion. It’s sleeping.Drill: 1. sleep slee ping(教师告诉学生ing的发音，试着让学生拼读ping)2.Two students read together3. Chant: Sleep sleep . We’re sleeping.(拍手加动作)2. climbing教师利用一个谜语来猜出panda。
谜语：It’s fat . It’s white and black. It’s only in Wolong of Sichuan. 然后，教师利用呈现熊猫爬树的动画，T：Look at the pandas. What are they doing? 从而引出：They’re climbing.Drill: 1.climb climbing(教师引导学生拼读mbing)2.read it one by one3.Chant: Climb Climb . We’re climbing. (拍手加动作)3.swinging教师利用猴子荡秋千的动画来呈现该单词。
【2019年整理】人教小学英语五年级下册《Unit-5-Look-at-the-Monkeys》
Unit5 Look at the monkeys教学目标：语言知识目标：1．学生能够听、说、读、写动词短语的ing形式：flying, jumping, walking, running,swimming.2．能听、说、认读句子：Look at the …! It’s jumping. The tiger is running.并能用句型Look at the …It’s …. 来描述动物正在做的活动。
语言技能目标：能正确描述动物正在做什么。
Look at the …. It’s …The …is …情感态度目标：培养学生热爱动物，热爱大自然的良好品质。
注重新旧知识的融会贯通，加强小组合作与交流。
教学重点和难点：学生能够听说读写本课的动词的ing形式，并用现在进行时进行简单的表达。
教学难点是：running 和swimming的拼写。
教学过程：Ⅰ. Warm –upEnjoy the music about the “ Animal World ”.Talk about the animals.Now let’s go to the animal world and see what they are do ing ?[设计意图: 创设情景,放松学生的心情，学生在轻松的环境中复习有关动物的单词.明确本节课的学习目标.为以后的学习做好铺垫.] Ⅱ.Presentation:1. Show the picture to learn “ flying ”. S:Spell the word and make sentences:” Look. The bird is flying in the sky . Look at the bird . It’s flying.”比较学习单复数的不同表达，The bird is flying. The birds are flying. Let the students try to make sentences. “I am flying kites. ”Show the word : 由wall-- walk-- talk-- walking 以旧带新，让学生自己尝试单词的的学习。
人教PEP版英语五下《unit 5 look at the monkeys》Part A PPT课件
Look at the __________.
bird It’s______ small . Look at the ______.
bird
elephant panda
small
big fat
monkey
snake giraffe …
thin
long tall …
Look at the ______. bird It’s______ flying .
Unit 5 Look at the monkeys Part A Let’s Learn
Bird, bird, what can you do? I can fly, fly, fly, fly. Rabbit, rabbit, what can you do? I can jump, jump, jump, jump. Horse, horse, what can you do? I can run, run, run, run. Duck, duck, what can you do? I can swim, swim, swim, swim.
swimming, swimming, swimming. ( The duck is swimming.)
I am the teacher. We all can be the teachers. Let’s learn from each other. (Animals: Great!)
Homework
1.听读背课文P58的单词. 2.做《作业本》P50 ② ③ ３.与伙伴演一演.
（We all can be the teachers）.
Look at the bird, it’s flying. 2.___________rabbit is jumping.
小学英语PEP人教版五年级下册《Look At the Monkeys》word版教案
教学重点:重点是掌握五个动词短语的ing形式。
教学难点:难点是四会掌握五个动词短语的ing形式。
学习流程1、热身（1）教师发指令，学生一边跟读一边做动作。
2、预习（1）Game:魔力眼.复习一些动词3、新课呈现Let’s learn（1）TPR全身动作反应法。
T: everybody . follow meWalk , Walk，Walk！I am walking .课件出示一只熊猫，问What is it doing ?课件出示几只熊猫问:What are they doing ?（2）类似的方法呈现其他的几个词组（3）教师将五张词卡放在讲台上，请一名学生上来随意抽取一张卡片，教师带领其他学生问：What are they? What are they doing？引导学生根据图画的意思回答。
4、合作交流、自学（1）教师出示本节课的教学目标，学生轻读。
（2）学生听录音自学“Let’s learn ”部分注意：第一遍录音，先听；第二遍录音，试着读一读第三遍录音，读准记住；第四遍录音，边听边书空写（3）小组用对学和群学的方式学习并背出“Let’s learn ”所学单词四、大小展示，探究总结1、学生看课件、师生根据图片表演问答。
参考句型：What are the elephants doing ? They’re drinking2、学生提升展示：参考任务：A、我能说出这节课单词记忆的好方法。
B、我能带领全班读好“let’s lean”并告诉大家这节课学习的主要内容C、我能流利的读出P56页的let’s chantD、Let’s play教师按照课本提示组织学生进行游戏。
小组做如下游戏：2人表演一种小动物，另一人猜动物名称。
如：rabbits . 猜对后，2人做动作，另一人猜句子，如：The rabbits are jumping .（除了Let’s learn 部分的5种动物外，还可以表演其它动物的动作。
(整理)小学英语五年级下册《Unit5 Look at The Monkeys》
PEP 小学英语五年级下册Unit5 Look at The Monkeys 精品教案学情分析：本课为现在进行时态复数句型的学习和运用。
五年级学生对一些常见的动物特征、习性有一定了解。
本单元的动物名称和掌握的动词在前五册学生用书中都已经出现过，教师可以通过以旧引新来降低学习难度。
教师设计动画帮助学生理解现在进行时态。
知识由A部分的单数句型向B部分复数句型过渡，学生在口语表达和认知、掌握的过程中，有一定难度，易出现混淆状况。
Teaching aims:1.能够听、说、读、写句型：What are they doing ? They are swimming. They are climbing trees.2.能够听、说、认读句子：Here come two tigers. Can tigers really swim ? Yes , they can. They are good climbers.Key point: 教学重点是四会掌握句型：What are they doing ? They are swimming. They are climbing trees.Difficult: swimming 的拼写。
Teaching aids: radio word cards animal cards 多媒体课件Teaching course:Step1: Pre-reading1. Let’s chant. (热身，活跃课堂气氛)2. Talk about the animals .Talk about the animals use the sentences“ What are they doing ? They are….. What is it doing? It’s……”T: Look at the screen . Who can ask a question ?Ss: What are the elephants doing ?S1: They are walking.S2: What is the rabbit doing ?S3: It’s jumping .T: Talk about the other animals in pairs.设计意图：鼓励学生大胆提出问题，并且通过动物动画和句型的对比帮助学生掌握单数句型和复数句型的运用。
PEP小学五年级下册unit5_look_at_the_monkeys_Part_B_read_an_write
I see ____ two tigers. They are swimming ________. The ducks are swimming ________ in the river, too. I think the tigers are very hungry, hungry tigers! because they want to eat ducks. What ______
What are they doing? They’re swimming. Can tigers really swim? Yes, they can.
What are they doing? Can tigers really run?
They’re running. Yes, they can.
S: Do you see any animals? A: Yes! Here come two tigers. S: What are they doing? A: They’re swimming. S: Can tigers really swim? A: Yes, they can.
I see _____ some pandas ______.Guess,What are they doing? climbers Haha,they _____ ______ ______. are climbing trees They are good _______. happy pandas! Look! They are eating happily. What ________
They’re climbing. Yes, they can.
climber S . They are good _______
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
PEP五年级下Unit 5 Look at the monkeys Part A Read and write山海关区兴华小学马艺光指导思想与理论依据:本课的教学内容是有关动物活动的阅读课教学,这部分内容生动,活泼符合孩子的心理特征,容易为学生所理解和接受,教学时可充分抓住这一点激发学生学习兴趣。
教材分析：本节课是小学五年级下册第五单元的第三课时，学生在前面已经学过flying,swimming等活动的词汇和What is...doing?He/She/It is...的句型。
因此，这节课的教学任务是如何在学习新知识的基础上，巩固、拓展和利用所学的旧知识、真正达到学以致用，融会贯通的目的。
学情分析：通过前面四个单元的学习，同学们对What is...doing?和人们正在进行活动的描述He/She/It is...已经有了较好的掌握，这为本单元的教学提供了有利的基础。
本单元的教学内容与学生的年龄心理特征息息相关，因而本单元的教学内容对学生来说不难理解。
关键是如何在课堂中将分散的语言点进行整合、拓展、使之形成一个有机的整体，即把孤立的单词教学放置于一定的情景教学之中，达到让在实际生活中能准确、灵活地运用的目的。
在教学时，老师要通过创设情景，利用多媒体教学手段，开展灵活多样的教学活动，将新旧知识有机的结合，对本单元知识加以强化，从而让学生更好掌握和拓展有关动物活动这一话题。
教学目标1、掌握四会句型：What is it doing? It’s eating bananas.What is she doing? She’s jumping.2、听说、认、读句子：That elephant is drinking water with its trunk. 3．能够听懂、会唱歌曲《Animals, Animals are everywhere》4、培养学生热爱自然、保护动物的良好品质,注重新旧知识的融会贯通，加强学生小组合作与交流。
教学重难点1、能够正确拼写四会句型What is it doing? It’s eating bananas.What is she doing? She’s jumping.2、认读句型That elephant is drinking water with its trunk.教具准备有关动物和动作的单词卡片、录音机和录音带、要求四会掌握的句型卡教学过程一、Preparation准备活动1、 Let′s chant :Koalas are sleeping 学生跟说。
(设计意图：课前进行chant活跃课堂气氛。
)2、Let′s sing: Animals, animals are everywhere.(设计意图：通过对歌的形式激发学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学生热爱自然、保护动物的良好品质，从而为乐于参与课堂奠定基础。
)二、Pre-reading阅读前活动1、教师在黑板上挂一幅动物教学挂图，背对着学生，学生猜图里有什么。
T：Look, it’s a picture of a zoo. What’s in this picture?S: Maybe there is a tiger/a rabbit/ a monkey…(设计意图：通过想象猜测，复习旧知识，发散学生思维。
)2、教师翻转图片，与同学校对图片上的动物。
T and S: We can see…T: What animals do you like in the picture?S: I like the rabbit…T: Why?S: It’s lovely…T: What is the rabbit doing?S: It’s eating grass.T: Yes. The rabbit is hungry.(设计意图：通过本环节，学生可以表达自己对不同的动物的不同感情。
)三、In-reading阅读中活动1、 General reading快速默读短文，根据内容教师要求学生表演森林中的一幕，以小组合作的形式展开。
T：Now, Let’s act in four. Describe your action.Eg.S1表演一只小猴子正在吃香蕉。
S2表演一只大象在喝水。
S3：Look, I can see a monkey.S4: What is it doing?S3: It’s eating bananas.S4: What is the elephant doing?S3: It’s drinking water.(设计意图：教师通过让学生表演并对话，强调现在进行时态的运用。
)2、 Detailed reading教师继续提问相关动物的知识。
T：Do you like kangaroos?S: Yes.T: Where are they from? Are they from America?S: No. Australia.T: Look at the mother kangaroo’s pouch? What’s in the pouch?S: Baby kangaroo.T: Super.T: What’s it doing?S: Maybe it’s…T: Do you like kangaroos?S: I like…T: Can you guess？ what′s my favorite animals?S: You like…Answer the questions:a、 What is the mother kangaroo doing?b. What is the baby kangaroo doing?(设计意图：通过这个问题拓展有关动物产地的知识，整合相关学科的知识。
学生可以通过问答获取更多的常识，同时也提高自己的英语表达能力。
)3、教师画一只长长的大象鼻子的简笔画。
T：What’s my favorite animal?S: You like elephants.T: Super. I love them, just for the lovely long trunk.S: Trunk.T: Look, the elephant is drinking water with trunk.(教师表演并造句) （教师解释说：The trunk is the elephant′s nose.）S: Look, the elephant is writing with trunk.本课难点句型：That elephant is drinking water with its trunk.Write the questions: It’s drinking water.(设计意图：简单常用的教学简笔画可以在教学的过程中起到引出新内容的作用，学生也较容易接受。
)4、Read and write教师板书：What is it doing? It’s eating bananas. What is she doing? She′s jumping.让学生问答、拼读、仿写。
5、Listen to the tape 目的是通过听录音模仿语音语调。
6、Read aloud 朗读。
目的是培养朗读能力、增强语感。
四、Post-reading阅读后活动1、学生分角色表演对话。
2、“快乐传真”活动。
（1）四名学生上台排成一队。
教师给最后一名学生看纸条上的一个句子，如：The cat is eating fish.（2）这名学生用动作把句子内容给前面的学生表演出来，依次传递，直到最后一名学生看到动作。
（3）其他学生一起问：What is he/she/it doing? 该学生要根据动作说出句子。
（设计意图：鼓励学生发挥创新、综合运用所学语言进行汇报。
）五、Progress1、 a. 让学生阅读课本第60页的对话内容，要求学生完成：圈出正确图片；回答两个问题。
b. 写一写，问一问（内容见课本第60页），出示一张表格，要求学生完成后，两人一组进行互问互答。
Eg. S1: What is the elephant doing?S2: It’s walking.2、Homework:A: Write sentences correctly.B: Do Activity Book Part A Read and write.板书设计Unit 5 Look at the monkeys Part A Read and writeWhat is it doing?It’s eating bananas.What is she doing?She’s jumping.教学反思：我所执教的内容是PEP小学五年级下册第五单元Look at the monkeys第三课时，单元内容主要讲的是What is it\are they doing? It's\They're....句型，本节课上的是Read and write部分，能够听说读写句型What is it doing? It’s eating bananas. What is she doing? She’s jumping.能够听说认读句子That elephant is drinking water with its trunk. 阅读写作课跟普通的课文授课不同，它是在课文的基础上进行补充拓展。
不能把它上成精读课的样子。
可是学生在词汇，句子的理解上又需要老师大量的指导才能完成一篇文章的阅读，更不要提那些习题，活动的辅导了。
如何上一堂高效的阅读课成为教师的难题。
因是第一次上阅读课型，对于如何设计一堂阅读课，自己还处于探索阶段。
我对本节课做了如下反思：一、营造良好氛围，增强情感交流新型的师生关系是平等、友好、民主的，宽松和谐的学习环境对于学生的学习和发展至关重要，作为老师应努力使自己全身心融入于教材、融于课堂、融于良好师生关系的和谐气氛之中，以真情教书、以真情待生、以真情赢得学生的信赖。
教师应该努力以自己对学生的良好情感去引发学生积极的情感反应，创设师生情感交融的氛围，使学生在轻松和谐的学习氛围中产生探究知识和技能的兴趣。
本堂课，课前我让学生们听了本单元的歌曲,让他们能快速的融入到英语课堂上。
二、采用恰当的导入方式，激发学生的阅读兴趣。
良好的开端是成功的一半。
导入的成功与否直接影响着阅读教学的效果。
教师在教学过程中可以根据不同阅读材料，开展恰当的导入，激发学生的阅读兴趣。
本堂课我以师生日常对话引出话题，由Are you happy? The animals are happytoo .Let’s go to the forest and chant together. Do you love animals ? Which animal do you love? 让学生谈论动物话题，引出 so cute和love.我自己感觉导入比较自然，猜猜游戏导入能够激发学生兴趣，能让学生易于接受阅读教学新信息。