化工专业英语 第3次—Unit 2
化工专业英语
Unit1(1) Chemical Engineering化学工程Chemical engineering is defined as “…the application of the principles of the physical sciences, together with the principles of economics and human relations, to fields that pertain directly to processes and process equipment in which matter is treated to effect a change in state, energy content, or composition …”. 化学工程的定义是：将自然科学原理与经济规律和人际关系一起应用到与工艺或工艺设备直接相关的领域，在这些领域中物料的状态、能量或组成发生变化。
This very vague[veig] definition is intentionally broad and indefinite as to the extent of the field. It is probably as satisfactory a definition as any practicing chemical engineer would give. It should be noted that considerable emphasis is placed on the process and process equipment. The work of many chemical engineers would better be called process engineering. 这种极不明确的定义故意夸大或模糊了此领域的范围。
化工专业英语
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展 Progressin Chemistry 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学 Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introduction 方案建议书 proposal 可行性研究feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置 plant 公用工程 utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品产品 productfinal product 副产品 by-product 原料raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润 company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书 bank guarantee letter 保留金 retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 workflow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control 采购 procurement 采购周期 procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验 inspection 运输 transportation 开车start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次 version 部门department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number 图号drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章chapter 节 section 项 item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET技术表technical data sheet TBA技术评标 technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM 项目经理project manager LDE专业负责人 lead discipline engineer Material requisition for quotation MRQ材料询价单 MRP材料采购单 material requisition for purchase BEP基础工程设计包 basic engineering packageP&ID管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawingdiagram PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/Acivil/structure/architecture detail design phase DDP 详细设计阶段二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述 process description 工艺特点 process feature 操作 operation 反应 reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝 flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析decantation 催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取extraction 中和 neutralization 水解 hydrolysis 过滤filtration 干燥 drying 还原 reduction 氧化oxidation 氢化 hydrogenation 分解 decomposition 离解 dissociation 合成 synthetics 吸收 absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching 破碎 crushing 煅烧caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration 固化、结晶solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation 燃烧combustion 引烧 ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化carbonization 压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉 powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物 extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度 acidity 浓度concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度 solubility 凝固点 solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point 熔点melting point 蒸发率 evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbenta 无水的 anhydrousa 外观appearance 无色的 colorlessa 透明的 transparenta 半透明的 translucent 密度 density 比重 specificgravity 催化剂 catalyst 燃烧 combustion 引燃ignition 自然点 self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas 可燃液体 inflammable liquid 易燃液体volatile liquid 爆炸混合物 explosive mixture 爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphereenvironment 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液waste liquid 废气 off-gas 噪声 noise pollution 成分composition 挠度 deflection 力和力矩 force and moment 弯矩 bending moment 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度ambient temperature 工作温度 operating 设计温度design temperaturepressure 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity 油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵 vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵 plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵 vortex pump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵 inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 handwobble pump 螺杆泵 screw spiral pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机pulverizer 球磨机 ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器separator 干燥器 drier 翅片 fins 烟囱 stack 火炬flare 筛子 screen 煅烧窑 calciner 倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger 吸附收器 adsorber 结晶器crystallizer 电解槽 electrolyzer 电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器 clarifier 分级器 classifier 浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 成套设备package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor 列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower 塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配布器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶底层塔盘 top bottom tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰 weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽 head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽make-up tank 计量槽 measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid 气柜 gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drumfilter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier 气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机roll crusher 锤式破碎机 hammer crusher 冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机 roller mill 振动筛 vibrating screen 回转筛rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机 root's blower crane bridge crane motor hoist generator motor steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat body seat 阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯包括密封圈,杆等 trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level handle 压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板 split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀角式截止阀 angle valve Y 型阀截止阀 Y-valveY-body globe valve 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式薄片型 wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 翻板止回阀flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀 safetySV 安全泄放阀 relief valveRV 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid operated valve 电动阀 electricallyelectric-motoroperated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀自动放汽阀 automatic air vent valve 换向阀 diverting reversing valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block shut-off, stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe按标准制造的配管用管 tube不按标准规格制造的其它用管钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel.pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管stainless steel.pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamlessSMLS steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔弧焊钢板卷管 electric-fusionarc-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operatedmanually-operated valve 水龙头bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀小阀 bleed valve 旁路阀by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀root primary, header valve 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管rubber tube 壁厚 wall thicknessWT 壁厚系列号schedule number. 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy strong 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy strong 弯头elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头long radius return 短半径 180°弯头 short radius return 三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral true"Y" Y 型三通四通 cross 异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管 nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管"U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt weldedBW 螺纹的 threadedTHD 承插焊的socket weldedSW 法兰 flangeFLG 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flangeLJF 对焊法兰 weld neck flangeWNF 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰reducing flange 压力级 pressure ratingclass 突面raised faceRF 凸面 male face 凹面 female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full faceFF3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainercone type Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle 喷射器ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器compensator 软管接头 hose connectionHC 快速接头quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle figure 8 blind 爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel .不锈钢 stainless steel. 铸铁cast iron. 铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷 ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasketGSKT 平垫片 flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表bill of materialBOM 材料统计 material take-offMTO 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheetCPMSS 汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line 装置边界 boundary limitBL 区界area limit 设备布置 equipment arrangement layout;plot plan 标高,立面 elevationEL 支撑点 point of supportPOS 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面piping arrangement planPAP 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图 detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图 key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagramP&ID 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steamtracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热 electricaltracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend 符号symbol 件号 part n。
化工专业英语Lesson 2
Lesson2 Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics化学平衡和动力学A1 A major objective of chemist is to understand chemical reactions, to know whether under a given set of conditions two substances will react when mixed, to determine whether a given reaction will be exothermic or endothermic, and to predict the extent to which a given reaction will proceed before equilibrium is established.化学家的一个主要目标是理解化学反应，知道在一组给定的条件下两种物质混合时能否发生反应；确定一个给定的反应是放热还是吸热；预测一个给定的反应在平衡前进行的程度。
2 An equilibrium state, produced as a consequence of two opposing reactions occurring simultaneously, is a state in which there is no net change as long as there is no change in conditions.平衡状态是由两个对立反应同时发生产生的结果，在平衡状态下，只要条件不发生改变，这个状态就不会有净变化。
3 In this lesson it will be shown how one predict the equilibrium state of chemical systems from thermodynamic data, and conversely how the experimental measurements on equilibrium states provide useful thermodynamic data.在这节课中，将会展示如何根据热力学数据来预测化学体系的平衡状态，以及相反地，平衡状态下的实验测量值如何提供有用的热力学数据。
英语专业——综合英语教程第三册unit2课件
7. deceased a./ n. someone who is no longer alive 已故的 死者 已故的, * They wept for the deceased. * Both her parents are deceased. * mourn a deceased friend decease n./ v. 死亡 * Upon his decease the house will pass to his wife. 8. lineup: a line of persons arranged by police for inspection or identification n. 人 (或物 的列队 阵容 或物)的列队 或物 的列队, * The TV show featured a great lineup of performers. * have a strong lineup 阵容强大
5.survive vt. live longer than 比…活得长 幸免于 活得长, 活得长 * Many parents expect that their children will survive them. * I hope I shall never survive my usefulness. 我希望不要活成无用的人。 我希望不要活成无用的人。 6. board vt. & vi. 1. 搭伙 寄宿 收费为 搭伙,寄宿 收费为……供膳宿 寄宿, 供膳宿 * When you went to school were you a day-student or did you board? * She boarded a lodger at her house. n. 伙食，膳食 伙食， *How much does it cost per week for board and lodging(伙食和住宿费 ？grab at 设法抓住 * The thief grabbed at my bag but I pushed him away. 10. straighten out 解决，结清，澄清 解决，结清， * These problems will straighten out in time . * You should straighten out your confused thinking . *He’s trying to straighten out his finances.
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》整理完整版
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
化学化工专业英语电子版课本
化学化工专业英语电子版课本————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ContentPART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆Engineering 1 Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering 1 Unit 2 Classification of Materials 9 Unit 3 Properties of Materials 17 Unit 4 Materials Science and Engineering: What does the Future Hold? 25 Part ⅡMETALLIC MATERLALS AND ALLOYS 33 Unit 5 An Introduction to Metallic Materials 33 Unit 6 Metal Manufacturing Methods 47 Unit 7 Structure of Metallic Materials 57 Unit 8 Metal-Matrix Composites 68 PartⅢCeramics 81 Unit 9 Introduction to Ceramics 81 Unit 10 Ceramic Structures —Crystalline and Noncrystalline 88 Unit 11 Ceramic Processing Methods 97 Unit 12 Advanced ceramic materials –Functional Ceramics 105 PARTⅣNANOMATERIALS 112 Unit 13 Introduction to Nanostructured Materials 112 Unit14 Preparation of Nanomaterials 117 Unit 15 Recent Scientific Advances 126 Unit 16 The Future of Nanostructure Science and Technology 130 Part ⅤPOLYMERS 136Unit17 A Brief Review in the Development of Synthetic Polymers 136 Unit18 Polymer synthesis: Polyethylene synthesis 146 Unit19 Polymer synthesis:Nylon synthesis 154 Unit 20 Processing and Properties Polymer Materials 165 PART VI POLYMERIC COMPOSITES 172 Unit21 Introduction to Polymeric Composite Materials 172Unit22 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Polymeric Composites 178 Unit23 Manufacture of Polymer Composites 185 Unit24 Epoxy Resin Composites 191 Part 7 Biomaterial 196 Unit 25 Introduction to Biomaterials 196 Unit 26 Biocompatibility 205 Unit 27 Polymers as Biomaterials 213 Unit 28 Future of Biomaterials 224 PARTⅧMaterials and Environment 237 Unit29 Environmental Pollution & Control Related Materials 237 Unit30 Bio-degradable Polymer Materials 241 Unit 31 Environmental Friendly Inorganic Materials 248 Unit 32 A Perspective on the Future: Challenges and Opportunities 256 附录一科技英语构词法263 附录二科技英语语法及翻译简介269 附录三：聚合物英缩写、全名、中文名对照表280 附录四：练习题参考答案284PART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆EngineeringUnit 1Materials Science and Engineering Historical PerspectiveMaterials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production —virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate materi- als to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics.①It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired over approximately the past 100 years, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized charac- teristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers. deep-seated根深蒂固的, 深层的pottery / ☐♦☯❒♓/ ⏹ 陶器structural elements结构成分；property / ☐❒☐☜♦♓/⏹.性能The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not havebeen possibl- e without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials. Materials Science and EngineeringThe discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.“Structure’’ is at this point a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next larger structural realm, which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed ‘‘microscopic,’’ meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be vie wed with the naked eye are termed ‘‘macroscopic.’’The notion of ‘‘property’’ deserves elaboration. While in service use, all materials are exposed to external stimuli that evoke some type of response. For example, a specimen subjected to forces will experience deformation; or a polished metal surface will reflect light. Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and stepwise / ♦♦♏☐♦♋♓/ ♎逐步的sophisticated/♦☯♐♓♦♦♓ ♏♓♦♓♎/ ♎精制的，复杂的；semiconducting materials 半导体材料nebulous/ ⏹♏♌✞●☯♦/♎ 含糊的，有歧义的subatomic/ ♦✈♌☯♦❍/♎ 亚原子的microscopic/❍♓❒☯♦☐♓/ ♎微观的❍♋♍❒☐♦♍☐☐♓♍/❍✌ ❒☯✞♦☐♓/♎宏观的deteriorative. For each there is a characteristic type of stimulus capable of provokingdifferent responses. Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples include elastic modulus and strength. For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric field. The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. For optical properties, the stimulus is electro- magnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties. Finally, deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of materials.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials, viz. ‘‘processing’’ and ‘‘performance.’’ With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. Furthermore, a material’s performance will be a function of its properties.Fig. 1.1 Photograph showing the light transmittance of three aluminum oxide specimens. From left to right: single crystal material (sapphire), which is transparent;a polycrystalline and fully dense (nonporous) material, which is translucent; and a polycrystalline material that contains approximately 5% porosity, which is opaque. (Specimen preparation, P. A. Lessing; photography by J. Telford.)We now present an example of these processing-structure-properties-perfor- mance principles with Figure 1.1, a photograph showing three thin disk specimens placed over some printed matter. It is obvious that the optical properties (i.e., the deformation/ ♎♓♐ ❍♏♓☞☯⏹/ ⏹变形deteriorative/♎♓♦♓☯❒♓☯❒♏♓♦♓❖/ ⏹破坏（老化的）elastic modulus 弹性模量strength /♦♦❒♏⏹♑/ ⏹强度；dielectric constant介电常数；heat capacity 热容量refraction/❒♓♐❒✌☞☯⏹/ ⏹折射率；reflectivity/ ❒♓♐●♏ ♦♓❖♓♦♓/ ⏹反射率processing/☐❒☯◆♦♏♦♓☠/ ⏹加工light transmittance) of each of the three materials are different; the one on the left is transparent (i.e., virtually all of the reflected light passes through it), whereas the disks in the center and on the right are, respectively, translucent and opaque.All of these specimens are of the same material, aluminum oxide, but the leftmost one is what we call a single crystal—that is, it is highly perfect—which gives rise to its transparency. The center one is composed of numerous and verysmall single crystals that are all connected; the boundaries between these small crystals scatter a portion of the light reflected from the printed page, which makes this material optically translucent.②And finally, the specimen on the right is composed not only of many small, interconnected crystals, but also of a large number of very small pores or void spaces. These pores also effectively scatter the reflected light and render this material opaque.Thus, the structures of these three specimens are different in terms of crystal boundaries and pores, which affect the optical transmittance properties. Furthermore, each material was produced using a different processing technique. And, of course, if optical transmittance is an important parameter relative to the ultimate in-service application, the performance of each material will be different.Why Study Materials science and Engineering?Why do we study materials? Many an applied scientist or engineer, whether mechanical, civil, chemical, or electrical, will at one time or another be exposed to a design problem involving materials. Examples might include a transmission gear, the superstructure for a building, an oil refinery component, or an integrated circuit chip. Of course, materials scientists and engineers are specialists who are totally involved in the investigation and design of materials.Many times, a materials problem is one of selecting the right material from the many thousands that are available. There are several criteria on which the final decision is normally based. First of all, the in-service conditions must be charac- terized, for these will dictate the properties required of the material. On only rare occasions does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. transmittance/♦❒✌⏹❍♓♦☜⏹♦/ ⏹. 透射性sapphire /♦✌♐♓☯/ ⏹蓝宝石transparent/♦❒✌⏹♦☐☪☯❒☯⏹♦/ ♎透明的；polycrystalline/ ☐●♓❒♓♦♦☯●♓⏹/ ⏹多晶体；translucent/♦❒✌⏹●✞♦⏹♦/♎ 半透明的；opaque☯✞☐♏♓♎不透明的single crystal 单晶体Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another. The classic example involves strength and ductility; normally, a material having a high strength will have only a limited ductility. In such cases a reasonable compromise between two or more properties may be necessary.A second selection consideration is any deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation. For example, significant reductions in mecha- nical strength may result from exposure to elevated temperatures or corrosive envir- onments.Finally, probably the overriding consideration is that of economics: What will the finished product cost? A material may be found that has the ideal set of proper- ties but is prohibitively expensive. Here again, some compromise is inevitable.The cost of a finished piece also includes any expense incurred during fabrication to produce the desired shape. The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure–property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.③Reference:William D. Callister,Materials science and engineering :anintroduction, Press:JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.,2007;2-5 transmission gear传动齿轮dictate/♎♓♦♏♓♦/ ❖ 决定trade off 权衡；折衷ductility♎✈♦♓●♓♦♓⏹延展性overriding/ ☯✞❖☯❒♋♓♎♓☠/♎最主要的judicious/♎✞✞♎♓☞☯♦/♎明智的Notes1．At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding froma given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of itscharacteristics由此看来，材料的使用完全就是一个选择过程，且此过程又是根据材料的性质从许多的而不是非有限的材料中选择一种最适于某种用途的材料。
化工专业英语
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry 有机化学Organic Chemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展 Progress in Chemistry 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学 Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学 Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry 化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introduction 方案建议书 proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围scope of supply 生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置 plant 公用工程 utilities 工艺流程图 process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品产品 productfinal product 副产品 by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation标书 bidding book 公司利润 company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书 bank guarantee letter 保留金 retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 work flow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度 construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划 engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control 采购 procurement 采购周期procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验 inspection 运输 transportation 开车 start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次version 部门 department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number 图号drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章 chapter 节 section 项item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET 技术表 technical data sheet TBA技术评标 technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM 项目经理 project manager LDE专业负责人lead discipline engineer Material requisition for quotation MRQ材料询价单 MRP材料采购单 material requisition for purchase BEP基础工程设计包basic engineering package P&ID管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrumentdrawingdiagram PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/A civil/structure/architecture detail design phase DDP详细设计阶段二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述 process description 工艺特点 process feature 操作 operation 反应 reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝 flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析 decantation 催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取 extraction 中和 neutralization 水解hydrolysis 过滤 filtration 干燥 drying 还原 reduction 氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation 分解 decomposition 离解 dissociation 合成synthetics 吸收 absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取leaching 破碎 crushing 煅烧 caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀precipitation 气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration 固化、结晶solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation 燃烧 combustion 引烧ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化 carbonization 压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂 flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度acidity 浓度 concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度 solubility 凝固点solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point 熔点 melting point 蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbenta 无水的anhydrousa 外观 appearance 无色的 colorlessa 透明的 transparenta 半透明的 translucent 密度 density 比重 specific gravity 催化剂 catalyst 燃烧 combustion 引燃 ignition 自然点 self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas 可燃液体 inflammable liquid 易燃液体 volatile liquid 爆炸混合物 explosive mixture 爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphereenvironment 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液 waste liquid 废气 off-gas 噪声 noise pollution 成分 composition 挠度deflection 力和力矩 force and moment 弯矩 bending moment 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度 ambient temperature 工作温度 operating 设计温度 design temperaturepressure 相对湿度RH=relative humidity 油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵 vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵 plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵 vortex pump 离心泵centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵 inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵 metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 handwobble pump 螺杆泵 screw spiral pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉 incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器 heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器 condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机 pulverizer 球磨机 ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器 separator 干燥器drier 翅片 fins 烟囱 stack 火炬 flare 筛子 screen 煅烧窑 calciner 倾析器 decanter 蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机centrifuger 吸附收器 adsorber 结晶器 crystallizer 电解槽 electrolyzer 电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器 clarifier 分级器classifier 浮洗器 flocculator 废液池 sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 成套设备 package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器tubular reactor 列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 coolingtower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔 regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower 塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配布器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶底层塔盘 top bottom tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰 weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板 sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽 head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽 make-up tank 计量槽measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽 chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐 reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid 气柜 gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter 旋风分离器cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier 气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机 jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机 roll crusher 锤式破碎机 hammer crusher 冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill 振动筛 vibrating screen 回转筛 rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机 root's blower crane bridge crane motor hoist generator motor steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat body seat 阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯包括密封圈,杆等 trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level handle 压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板 split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀角式截止阀 angle valve Y 型阀截止阀 Y-valveY-body globe valve 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式薄片型 wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀 piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀piston check valve 翻板止回阀 flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly checkvalve 安全泄气阀 safetySV 安全泄放阀 relief valveRV 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid operated valve 电动阀 electricallyelectric-motoroperated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀自动放汽阀 automatic air vent valve 换向阀 diverting reversing valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block shut-off, stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe按标准制造的配管用管 tube不按标准规格制造的其它用管钢管steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel.pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管 stainless steel.pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamlessSMLS steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔弧焊钢板卷管electric-fusionarc-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operatedmanually-operated valve 水龙头 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀小阀 bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀 root primary, header valve 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 壁厚 wall thicknessWT 壁厚系列号schedule number. 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy strong 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy strong 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头 long radius return 短半径 180°弯头 short radius return 三通 tee 异径三通reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral true"Y" Y 型三通四通 cross 异径管 reducer 同心异径管concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管 nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管 "U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt weldedBW 螺纹的 threadedTHD 承插焊的 socket weldedSW 法兰 flangeFLG 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flangeLJF 对焊法兰weld neck flangeWNF 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰 reducing flange 压力级 pressure ratingclass 突面 raised faceRF 凸面 male face 凹面female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full faceFF3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainercone type Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器flame arrester 喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle 喷射器 ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器compensator 软管接头 hose connectionHC 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle figure 8 blind 爆破板 rupture disk 4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel .不锈钢 stainless steel. 铸铁 cast iron. 铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷 ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasketGSKT 平垫片 flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表 bill of materialBOM 材料统计 material take-offMTO 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheetCPMSS 汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line 装置边界 boundary limitBL 区界 area limit 设备布置equipment arrangement layout;plot plan 标高,立面 elevationEL 支撑点point of supportPOS 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面 piping arrangement planPAP 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视 section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图 key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagramP&ID 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热electrical tracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例scale 图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend 符号 symbol 件号 part n。
化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1TEXT A： Chemical Reactions and Group Reactionscustomary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a不.合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt.Vi.Involve vt. 包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a可.假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析 iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl羧基Hydroxyl羟基Decomposition分解Alkyl烷基，烃基Ketone 酮Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽， vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a易.受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（ to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n准.备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a进.步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a相.隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n保.留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 2 Research and Development
Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. Let us first understand, or at least get a feel for, what the terms mean. Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them. In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new ideas and knowledge whereas development is putting those ideas into practice as new process and products. To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of a new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.研究和开发，或通常所称R&D是制造业各个部门都要进行的一项活动。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译-Unit 3 Typical Activities of Che
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译-Unit3 Typical Activities of ChemicalEngineers本文将介绍化学工程师在日常工作中的一些典型活动。
化学工程师旨在将化学与工程学的原理应用于产业中，解决生产过程中的各种问题并开发新产品。
化学工程师随着技术的发展和市场的变化而发展和变化。
但以下是其典型活动：第一，设计新的工艺流程。
化学工程师需要了解化学反应原理、物质转化和热量传递方程式，以及流体力学和系统分析等方面的知识，创造出新的工艺流程。
在此基础上，他们可以设计出化学反应器、分离装置和加工设备等。
而在设计之前，化学工程师会根据产品需求和工厂生产线等因素，制定经济可行性和技术可行性分析，制定整个流程方案。
第二，工厂的设计和规划。
这些安装要求使用化学工程师的技能和知识。
工程师需要考虑由工厂所需的供电、供水和废物处理等各个方面。
他们需要选择合适的材料和设备，也需要在设计中采用节能和环境保护技术。
他们也必须为紧密的安全要求和法律法规做好准备。
第三，处理产品的生产和质量控制。
生产线上的任何错误都有可能导致生产过程劣化和生产失败。
化学工程师通过控制生产过程的不同参数和调整生产中的机器设备、材料流程和成品质量保障等，确保产品的质量和产品的性能。
如果有任何生产上的问题，他们都需要快速响应，并及时寻找解决方法。
第四，进行研究和开发。
在工业生产中，研究和开发是至关重要的。
化学工程师必须熟悉当前和未来的技术发展。
他们需要收集和分析大量的数据和材料，以探索和开发新的技术和产品，面对多种工艺流程，为生产线输入新的元素。
第五，进行销售和市场分析。
销售和市场分析也是化学工程师需要了解的另一个方面。
他们需要熟悉市场需求和市场潜力。
工程师必须在市场竞争激烈的环境中发挥创新、争取同行的业务和合作伙伴，为他们的产品寻找最佳销售渠道。
第六，维护和管理设备。
对于工厂设备的维护和管理是保证生产线平稳运转的必要条件。
化工专业英语全解
5
Bulk chemical industry: 大化工
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes
The segment is normally taken to include~~~~.
9
These are used by industries that need the liquid sodium, mainly in the production of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives, though the petroleum additive companies are diversifying and other uses may appear.
The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to serving the farming industry.
工业将趋向于效劳化学工业的其余局部，而不是农业。
Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale
Extent of branching: 支链长度 Crossing-linking: 交联
Random copolymer: 无规共聚物 Alternating copolymer:交替共聚物 Block copolymer: 嵌段共聚物
Multiply: 增加
同一聚合物根据最终的应用有许多不同级别，例如说，不同的分子量、分子量分布、 支链长度、交联等等，当考虑到共聚物时〔无规共聚物，交替共聚物，嵌段共聚物〕， 这些级别还会增加。
化工专业英语02
Names of acids formic acetic
propionic butyric valeric lauric myristic stearic palmitic
Names of acyl radicals formyl acetyl
propionyl butyryl valeryl lauroyl myristoyl stearoyl palmitoyl
丙二酸二乙脂
• 4.7
sodium dihydrogen citrate 柠檬酸氢钠 sodium ethyl succinate 琥珀酸单乙脂钠
• 4.8
methyl3-methoxycarbonyl-2-naphthalenepropionate 3-甲氧甲酰基-2-萘丙酸甲脂
1,9-diacetoxy-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetrazanonane 1,9-二乙酰氧基-2,4,6,8-四硝基-2,4,6,8-四氮杂壬烷
5-羟基乙醛
2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-butanedil
2-羟甲基-1,4丁二醇
• 3.5 Radicofunctional Names
methyl alcohol hexyl alcohol
甲醇 乙醇
• 3.6 Trivial Names
allyl alcohol benzyl alcohol salicyl alcohol glycerol pinacol borneol xylenol
甲酸（酰） 乙酸（酰） 丙酸（酰） 丁酸（酰） 缬草酸（酰） 月桂酸（酰） 肉豆蔻酸（酰） 硬脂酸（酰） 棕榈酸（酰）
oxalic malonic succinic acrylic crotonic oleic maleic fumaric benzoic
化工专业英语
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes Bulk chemical industry: 大化工
The segment is normally taken to include~~~~. 氯碱工业包括～～～。 Ever since:从那时到现在 自从
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
In turn: 依次，轮流 Sort out: 挑选出，理清 继续 解决
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Unit 9 Polymer refer to sb. [sth.] as:称某人[物]为 Convention:习俗, 惯例 Bulk polymer:本体聚合物 Coil: 线圈 sweep out：扫掉、清除 Make up: 组成 Aliphatic：脂肪族的 Aromatic：芳香族的 Elastomer: 人造橡胶 Liability：责任, 义务 Sparingly:节俭地, 保守地 占据
化学生物理工学院
崔洪涛
化工英语阅读
Readily：容易地 Brine:盐水 Limestone:石灰石 Ready:有准备的 准备完毕的, 甘心的, 情愿的, 现成的 迅速的 有准备的, 现成的, 有准备的 Complex:复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业 联合企业 Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms. Laid down (Lay down): 放下 Geological time: time:地质时期 Over:在...期间, 在...时间内 在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的。 About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which Floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal. 大约40%的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中，它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的 氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。 形成
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译-完整版
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
石油化学化工专业英语第三单元翻译
Part 2 Unit 1. 元素、化合物和物质元素是用一般的化学方法无法使之分解为更简单物质的纯物质。
总的来说, 到2008年, 已经发现的元素有117种, 其中94种是地球上天然存在的元素。
人们熟悉的一些常见元素有碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾、硫、铝、铁、铜和金。
这些元素是物质组成的基本单元, 就像数字但是由0 - 9组成一样。
众所周知, 整个宇宙也同样是由这些已经在地球上发现的元素所构成。
这些自然界中存在的元素和其他元素结合在一起形成了矿物质、植物或水和二氧化碳等物质。
铜、银、金和其它20多种元素可以以高纯度形式存在于自然界中。
还有16种元素是自然界中没有发现的，这些元素是在核爆炸和核研究中所产生的少量物质。
因而，他们都是人造元素。
由两个或两个以上元素组成的纯物质称为化合物。
因为化合物含有两种或更多的元素, 因而其与元素的性质不同, 他们可以通过化学变化分解成更简单的物质。
化合物经化学分解最终产生的物质正是组成化合物的元素。
组成化合物的元素的原子以整数比例，而非以分数比，结合在一起。
(组成化合物的元素各原子间以整数比例而非分数比结合在一起)原子间相互结合形成的化合物以分子或离子状态存在。
一个化合物的分子是由两个或两个以上的原子组成的，化合物的分子体积很小，而且不带电(呈电中性).如果我们把一滴水细分成越来越小的微粒, 我们最终可以得到一个水的单体，即一个水分子。
这个水分子是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子键合在一起。
人们通常无法进一步分解分子单元, 只有破坏分子结构才能将其分解成所组成的元素。
因此, 水分子是水这种化合物的最小单元。
离子是带正电的或负电的原子或元素簇。
一个化合物中的离子依靠它们正电和负电基团间的相互引力结合在一起, 形成晶体结构。
由离子组成的化合物中不存在分子。
氯化钠是一种典型的非分子结构的化合物。
这类化合物包含大量的正、负离子, 其分子式如分子结构的化合物那样，通常采用组成化合物的原子间以简单比例式方式来表达。
化工专业英语翻译全
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
化工专业英语翻译(全21单元)
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业 ...................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发................................................................... - 3 -Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作............................ - 5 -Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals化学资源 ................................................................................. - 7 -Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品...................................................................................... - 9 -Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱及其相关过程.......................................... - 10 -Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea氯、硝酸和尿素 ................................................... - 12 -Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油加工 .............................................................................. - 15 -Unit 9 Polymers 聚合物 ................................................................................................... - 16 -Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学 .............................................. - 18 -Unit 11 Chemical and Process Thermodynamics化工热力学 ........................................... - 21 -Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena ?如何定义传递现象 ...................... - 23 -Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作...................... - 24 -Unit14 Distillation蒸馏....................................................................................................... - 26 -Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption溶剂萃取，浸取和吸附................ - 28 -Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying蒸发、结晶和干燥................................. - 31 -Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学反应工程 ..................................................... - 33 -Unit18 Chemical Engineering Modeling化工建模 ............................................................. - 36 -Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design过程设计简介...................................................... - 37 -Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineer材料科学和化学工程........................... - 39 -Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境 ......................................... - 42 -Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
电子教案与课件：《化工专业英语》 unit2
With qualitative logic we cannot identify what "too high" means — we need quantitative logic to do that.
用定性逻辑，我们不能确定什么是“太Βιβλιοθήκη ” ，这部分我们需要用定量逻辑来做。
For example, a quantitative statement about the river might state that “when the mass of organic matter entering a certain river equals x kilograms per day, the amount of oxygen in the stream is y.”
我们将社会科学和自然科学区分开来，前 者研究人及其作为家庭、部落、社区、种 族和国家而生活在一起的方式，后者研究 自然和物理世界。
Natural science includes such diverse disciplines as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and environmental science.
当然，环境科学的研究重点是自然环境。
By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
由此，我们认为大气、土地、水和居住环 境这些跟建筑环境还是有区别的。
分类和泛化的存在，最重要的是它使科学 成为有组织的知识体系。
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clear-cut 轮廓清 晰的,明白的,清楚 的 consideralbe overlap 重叠,重复
虽然研究和开发之 间的区别并不总是 明确的，而且往往 有相当大的重叠， 但我们将尝试区分 它们
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Examples
1
In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new idea and knowledge whereas development is putting those idea into practice as new processes and products.
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Comparison
Once I let a true love slip away before my eyes. Only to find myself regretting when it was too late. Nothing in the world can be as painful as this. If the god wound give me a chance. I wound tell the girl I love her. If our love has to be settled a time limit. I wish it wound be ten thousand year!
We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental (background) or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds.
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Examples
Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. refer to 谈到,提及;暗示,意指;参考,查阅;涉及,关于 sector 部门 extent 广度,宽度,长度; 程度,限度 considerable 相当的,可观的,重要的
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Examples
Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. Research and development is commonly referred to R&D. The activity is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry. The activity’s extent varies considerably. We will see that R&D is an activity shortly.
Research and Development
Zhanli Chai
LOGO 2010-10
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Contents
1 2 3 4
Words and Phrases Conjunctions Decomposition of long sentences Translation
1
2
3
no immediate applications of it in the “real world ”will be apparent. 它没有在“现实 世界”立即应用 是明显的
It may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest 它可以因自己的内 在兴趣而开展
I find myself regretting extremely after I let a true love slip away before my eyes, however, it was too late, which is of most painful in the world. If the god wound give me a chance, I wound tell the girl I love her, and if our love has to be settled a time limit, I wish it wound be ten thousand year.
2
简单说来，研究可以被看 做是产生新思想和知识的 活动，而开发将那些想法 作为新过程和产品付诸实 践。
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Examples
Long sentence
To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research, whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.
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Examples
translation Words and phrases Primary sentence
Although the distinction between research and development is not always clear-cut, and there is often considerable overlap, we will attempt to separate them.
Long sentence
Transliaton
研发的目的是为了减少不确定性而创造和 提供信息和知识，解决问题，并提供更好 的数据，实际操作可以依据这些数据做决 定。
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Example
Words
Conjuctions
Structure
Translation
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Example
The purpose of R&D is to generate and provide information and knowledge to reduce uncertainty, solve problems and provide better data on which management can base decisions.
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Words and Phrases
distinction 差别,区别;特性,特征 the terms of ......方面 方面 carry out 开展,贯彻,执行,履行,实现,完成 of most concern to 最关心的 intensive 集中,加强
用一个例子来说明这种 情况，预测具有特定生 物活性的新分子的结构 ，以及合成它可以被看 作是研究，而测试和发 展它以实现他作为新药 物的市场化可以被描述 为开发。
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Rhythmical
To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research, whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.
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Comparison
曾经有段真挚的爱情摆在我面 我没有珍惜， 前，我没有珍惜，等到失去后 才后悔末及。 才后悔末及。尘世间最痛苦的 事莫过于此。 事莫过于此。如果上天再我一 次机会重来的话，我会对那个 次机会重来的话， 女孩子说我爱你， 女孩子说我爱你，如果非要在 这份爱后面加个期限的话我希 望是一万年。 望是一万年。
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Examples
Research and development, or R&D as it is commonly referred to, is an activity which is carried out by all sectors of manufacturing industry but its extent varies considerably, as we will see shortly. 研究和开发，或者它通常被称为的研发， 研究和开发，或者它通常被称为的研发，是一种制造业的所 有部门都进行但进行程度差异很大的活动。 有部门都进行但进行程度差异很大的活动。这一点我们将很 快看到。 快看到。 研究和开发，或者它通常被称为的研发，是一种活动， 研究和开发，或者它通常被称为的研发，是一种活动，这种 活动制造业的所有部门都进行但进行程度差异很大。 活动制造业的所有部门都进行但进行程度差异很大。这一点 我们将很快看到。 我们将很快看到。