请病假的艺术 THE ART OF CALLING IN SICK

请病假的艺术THE ART OF CALLING IN SICK –OR NOT重点词∙supervise ['sju:pəvaiz]vt. 监督，管理；指导; vi. 监督，管理；...∙calculation [,kælkju:leiʃən]n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑∙recruit [ri'kru:t]n. 招聘；新兵；新成员; vt. 补充；聘用；...∙sufferer ['sʌfərə]n. 患者；受害者∙preach [pri:tʃ]vt. 说教；讲道；鼓吹；传道；反复灌输; vi...∙chronic ['krɔnik]adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的∙suspicion [sə'spiʃən]n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿; vt. 怀疑∙respiratory ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]adj. 呼吸的∙aspirin ['æspərin]n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）∙subtract [səb'trækt]vt. 减去；扣掉As flu season approaches, people soon will wake up to a tricky calculation: Should you drag yourself into work feeling awful? Or can you get away with staying home to heal?随着流感季节的临近，一些人早上醒来将会面临这样一个微妙却又进退两难的问题：我是不是应该带病上班？或者，在家养病能成为不去上班的理由吗？Staying in bed poses a risk of falling behind or being seen as a slacker.But showing up sick, and grossing out or infecting colleagues, can be worse, anda growing number of employers are setting policies to discourage it.待在家里养病需要承担的风险是，你的工作进度可能会落在别人后面，或者，别人还会认为你自由散漫。

但是如果你带病上班的话，不仅让人讨厌，还可能把感冒传染给同事，这种结果其实更糟。

越来越多的企业正在制定一些规定，防止员工带病工作的情况发生。

'People get really, really ticked off at co-workers spreading germs in the workplace. There's nothing worse than being Typhoid Mary,' says Annie Stevens, a managing partner at ClearRock, a Boston leadership-development andcareer-transition consultant.清岩公司(ClearRock Inc.)是波士顿一家管理层人员培训及职业介绍公司。

该公司的执行合伙人史蒂文斯(Annie Stevens)说，同事在工作场所传播病毒，这真的会让人非常恼火。

没有什么比把疾病传染给别人的行为更糟糕的了。

This year's outbreak of whooping cough, or pertussis─pro jected to be the worst in 53 years─brings a new, highly contagious risk to the workplace, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recent outbreaks of hantavirus and norovirus are also raising concerns about transmissible diseases.据美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，简称CDC)称，预计今年百日咳的爆发程度将是53年以来最严重的一次，工作场所因此成了感染百日咳的高风险地区。

最近，汉坦病毒和诺如病毒的爆发也加剧了人们对传染病的担忧。

While email, Skype and teleconferencing make it easier in some jobs to call in sick and still participate in critical meetings or decisions, a person may end up being drawn into doing so much work they fail to take time to heal.尽管电子邮件、Skype和电话会议可以让人们在请病假的同时不错过重要的会议和决策，但有些人可能会因为工作量太大，没有时间好好养病。

And it isn't always easy to tell when you're too contagious for the cubicle or conference room. (Having a fever doesn't help decision-making, either.) The 24-hour rule pediatricians preach to parents─that a child with the flu should stay home from school or day care at least 24 hours after the fever and symptoms go away─usually holds true for adults too, says Loreen Herwaldt, a professor of epidemiology and hospital epidemiologist at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.此外，你也很难知道，自己什么时候应该请假，以避免把疾病传染给办公室或会议室里的其他人（发烧对你的决策力可没什么好处）。

爱荷华大学医院与医学中心(University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics)流行病学教授、医院流行病学家赫尔瓦德(Loreen Herwaldt)说，儿科医生常常告诉家长，小孩子得了感冒应该向学校或托儿所请病假，在发热和其他症状消失后在家里至少还要再呆上24个小时，这个24小时原则同样也适用于成人。

But people with the flu can infect others a day before symptoms set in, the CDC says. Bystanders can catch the flu from a person standing as far as six feet away, usually via respiratory droplets spread when the sufferer coughs, sneezes or talks. And people with pertussis are highly infectious when the illness often looks like little more than a common cold, in the first one or two weeks.但是美国疾控中心说，携带流感病毒的人在出现症状之前就具有传染性。

两个人之间即便隔着六英尺远的距离，流感病毒都还可以传播，一般是通过感染者咳嗽、打喷嚏或是谈话时的呼吸飞沫传播。

百日咳发病后一到两个星期内的症状跟普通感冒差不多，但这时候的传染性最强。

Calling in sick can be awkward. Evelyn Hamilton of Washington, D.C., says her job as a customer-service coordinator for students with disabilities at a university requires a lot of energy and an upbeat attitude. Otherwise, she says, her clients feel she is 'not being sensitive to their needs.' While Ms. Hamilton's boss is understanding when she occasionally calls in sick because she's exhausted, 'I do struggle with how I phrase it so that I'm not lying,' she says. 'I don't want to say my mother is sick…if that's not the case.' Instead, she is brief and straightforward: 'I'm not feeling well enough to come in today.'打电话请病假是一件挺别扭的事。

华盛顿特区的汉密尔顿(Evelyn Hamilton)在一所大学担任残疾学生的客服协调员，她说，她的工作需要付出许多精力，并且要保持乐观的态度。

否则，学生们会感到她对他们的需要漠不关心。

汉密尔顿偶尔打电话请病假时，她的老板都非常理解，因为她的工作确实是让她精疲力尽，不过她说，我在措辞方面确实经历了一番挣扎，目的是让自己听起来不像在说谎。

我不会用我妈妈病了这样的借口来请假，除非事实真的是这样。

她一般都会采用一种简洁明了的方式：我今天感觉不舒服，没法来上班了。

Many supervisors say they appreciate and respect a simple statement that an employee is too ill to work. Giving too many graphic details, or trying too hard to sound sick with 'a very artistic fake cough, or saying, 'Oh, I have such a headache I can hardly talk,'' can spark suspicions that an employee is lying, says Rosemary Haefner, vice president of human resources for CareerBuilder, a hiring-consulting firm in Chicago.许多主管说，他们希望员工在请病假时只做简单表述，即“因病无法工作”就可以了。