商务术语翻译1
商务英语翻译 第9章 商务缩略语的翻译
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1． E-mail(电子邮件)—Electronic mail
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2． P.O. Box (邮政信箱) —Post Office Box
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3. G.A. clause(共同海损条约)—General Average Clause
• 4. 取合成词的前部，如：
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1. mobile (移动电话)—mobile phone
一 翻译示例
• 21. S. B. (Saving Bank) 储蓄银行 • 22. W/M (Weight or Measurement) 重量或体积 • 23. W. P. A. ( With Particular Average) 水滞险 • 24. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 • 25. SDR (Special Drawing Rights) 特别提款权
?虽然华盛顿目前避免对此议题表态但美国最后是希望亚太经合组织成为一个将太平洋边缘国家团结在一起的机制有如北美自由贸易区一般的大家庭第二节翻译技巧?三三
第九章
商务缩略语的翻译
一 翻译示例
• 1.B/L (Bill of Lading) 提单 • 2.BD（Bank Draft）银行汇票 • 3.L/C（Letter of Credit）信用证 • 4.FOB (Free on Board) 离岸价 • 5.R. M. (Ready Money) 备用金 • 6.BE（Bill of Exchange）汇票 • 7.R. P. (Reply Paid) 回电费已附 • 8.SA (Shipping Advice) 装船通知 • 9.G. A. (General Average) 共同海损 • 10. WWT( World Wide Trading) 环球贸易
商务英语翻译及术语usefulwordsandexpressions
商务英语翻译及术语useful words and expressions————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Useful Words and Expressionsbuild, establish, create, realize打造strived to create致力于打造marketing innovation strategy 营销创新策略low technology 低端技术intermediate-and low-tech products 中低端产品low-side /low class /low-grade product/goods低端产品middle class/middle-grade products/goods 中端产品high class/ high-grade product/goods 高端产品upmarket/upscale products高档产品technology level技术档次independent research and development 自主研发preparation technology 制备技术reusable, recycled 可循环利用的environmentally friendly, environment-friendly 环保的technology process 工艺流程prophase, metaphase, anaphase / earlier, middle and later phases / earlier middle, later stage 前期，中期，后期marketing agency /sale on consignment代售initial processing 初加工logistics 物流mode模式mode of production 生产方式outsourcing ( n.) 外包value-added service( V AS) 增值服务marketing research/survey/investigation/exploration 市场调查venture capital 风险投资return on net assets, net assets yield净资产收益rate of return on net assets净资产报酬率（利润率）ROE（Rate of Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity ）净资产收益率net present value (NPV) 净现值investment recovery period 投资回收期expected yield, expected rate of return 预期收益率( 内涵报酬率)breakeven盈亏平衡sales net profit rate销售净利率net profit rate净利率degree of operating leverage, business lever coefficient营业杠杆系数degree of financial leverage 财务杠杆系数operation ability/capacity 运营能力risk prevention/control 风险防范financing 融资exit 退出IPO exit IPO退出方式market bottleneck 市场瓶颈the Main Board Market, main market主板市场Second Board Market 二板市场,创业板市场multi-layer capital market system 多层次资本市场体系OTC(over-the-counter) market 场外交易市场Frankfurt Stock Exchange 法兰克福证券交易所stock repurchase, redemption of shares股权回购listed companies 上市公司risk-free operation 无风险运作raw material source原料来源non-toxic,nontoxic无毒的degradable可降解degradability 可降解性durability 耐用性starch 淀粉high starch content 高淀粉含量statistical results 统计结果substitute, replacer替代品packaging 包装材料similar product 类似产品intermediate link 中间环节self-owned brand自有品牌large-scale retailers 大型零售商capital operation 资本运作marketing strategy 市场营销策略advertising revenue 广告收入human factors人群因素high-quality talents 高素质人才marketing network 营销网络official name/ legal name 法定名称corporate business 公司业务asset liquidity 资产流动性marketization 市场化fixed assets investment 固定资产投资P.SI picked up some useful words and expressions in my translation work in case that you would use them in your future project.And I strongly recommend you a website for your translation which helps me a lot: Cat。
商务英语四级术语翻译
1.Bill of lading 提单Definition:Bill of lading is a document given by a shipping company,representboth a receipt for thegoods siped and a contract for shipment between the shipping companyand the sipper.it is also adocument of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assigne theright to possessionof the goods.2.Marketing 市场营销Definition:Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promouon ,and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.3.D/P 付款交单Definition:D/P is short for"document against payment.Under this payment method,the exporter is to ship the goods ordered and delivered the relative shipping documents to thebuyer abroad through the remitting bank and the collecting bank with instructions not torelease the documents to the buyer until the payment lorthe goods is made.4.QA 品质/质量保证Definition:QA is short for quality assurance,it is about how a business can design the way a pro duct or services is produced or delivered to minimize the chances that output will beup-standard.5.Flexible exchange rates 浮动汇率Definition:A flexible exchange rate means the government does not enter the foreign exchange markets and leaves the determination of exchange rates up to currency trades.The price of its currency is allowed to rise and fall as market forces dictate.1.Parternship；合作关系A parternship is a legal relationship between persons arising on apofi-motivated business.a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal2.manegement 管理人员Definition:Management is defined as the application of planning,organizing,directing,and Controlling functions in the most effient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.3.HR management 人力资源管理Definition:The human resource management is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the Organization suplied with the right people in the right positions.4.Documentary Credit 跟单信用证A Documentary Letter of Credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of an Importer to pay the Exporter a given sum of money with in a specified time,providing thatthe Exporter presentsdocuments which comply with the terms laid down in the Letter of Credit. 5.Draft 汇票Defnition:A draft is simply an order write by an exporter intruting an importer,or importer' sagent,to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.Shipping document：运输单据(运输单证）shipping documents also as transport documents,are legal documents that are utilized in the process of transporting goods from one location to another.2.certificate of origin：原产地证书（证明）is document used in international trade,completed by the exporter,and certificated by a recognized issuing body,attesting that the goods in a particular export shipment have beenproduced,manufactured or processed in a particular country.3.insurance policy：保单(保险合同/大保单)is a formal contract-document between the insurer and the insured,known as the policy holder, which determines the claims which the insurer is legally required to pay.5.customer equity：顾客资产is the value of potential future revenue generated by a company's customers in a lifetime.l.sole/individual proprietorship:独资经营Detnition:It is a type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person.The owner is in Direct control of all elements and is legally accountable for the finances of such business and this may include debts,loans,loss,etc.2.Productivity:生产力It is the rate at which goods are produced.(or having thẻpower to produce)3.broker：代理/中介：A broker is a person whose job is to buy and sell shares,foreign money,or goods for other people.4.Fixed assets：固定资产are assets which a company uses on a continuous basis,such as properly and machinery.5.Cash on delivery:货到付款Collecting the charges upon delivery.1.anti-dumping duty:反倾销税is an extra duty levied temporarily on the imported commodity in dumping to protect home industry and market against the import commodity in large quantity and cheap price.2.Transnational corporation跨国公司refers to large international enterprise consisting of entities in two ormore countries,that operates manufacturing,sales and other business.3.Invisible trade:无形贸易trade of services rather than actual goods,for example,banking,insurance,and professional service,etc.4.Balance of payment:国际收支A statement that summarizes an economy's transactions with the rest of the world for a specified time period.1.CPI,消费价格指数消费物价指数Consumer price index measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.2.LLC, 有限责任公司Limited liability company a business structure that combines the pass-through taxation of apartner ship or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.3.FOB,离岸价格/船上交货价格Free On Board is a shipping term which indicates that the supplier pays the shipping costs(and usually also the insurance costs)from the point of manufacture to a specified destination,at Which point the buyer takes responsibility.4.B2B,企业对企业的电子商务模式Business-To-Business is a transaction that occurs between two companies,as opposed to a transaction involving a consumer.The term may also describe a company that provides goods or s ervices for another company.5.Definition:借记卡/提款卡Debit card is a card which allows customers to access their funds immediately electronically.With a debit card,you can immediately take money out of your checking account either through purcha ses at a store or through an ATM.1.A CEO首席执行官(chief executive fficer)is the position of the most senior corporate officer,executive,leader or administrator in charge of managing an organization.2.Human resource:人力资源In a company or other organization,the department of human resources is the department take on ponsibility for the recruiting,training,and welfare of the staff.bor market劳动力市场is the market in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers.3.V AT增值税(value added tax)is a tax that is added to the price of goods or services.4.A balance sheet is a written statement of the amount of money and property that a company op erson has,including amounts of money that are owed or are owing.资产负债表5.Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚:The tendency to always buy a particular brand.2.Joint venture合资公司A business activity in which2or more companies have invested together.3.Quota:定额Quanttative restrictions imposed by one country on imports of a certain type from another country.4.marketing mix:营销组合A comprehensive plan or strategy covering product price,promotion and place,usually summarized as the4Ps".of marketing.5.Acqusition :收购Getting control of a company bitiony buying over50%of its shares. Definition:Lredit card is a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services and pay for the market.2.Depeciatiton贬值means decrease in value of assets.3.Brand preference品牌偏好is measure of brand loyalty in which a consumer will choose a paticular brand in presence of competing brands,but will accept substitutes if that brand is not available.4.Corporate Culture公司文化is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particularcompany or organization,and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of behavior.5.:Fringe benefit额外福利is an incidental or additional advantage,a benefit provided by an employer to supplement an employee's regular pay,such as a pension,company car,luncheon voucher,insurance,vacation 1.overcapacity:生产能力过剩If there is overcapacity in a particularindustry, more goods have been produced than areneed and the industry is therefore less profitable thanit could be.2.A free trade zone(FTZs):自由贸易区A free-trade area is a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement(FT A),which eliminates tariffs,import quotas,and preferences on most(if not all)goods and services traded between them.If people are also free to move between the countries,in addition to FTA,it would also be considered an open border.4.A non-performing loan,or NPL,is a loan that is in default or close to being in default.Manyloans become non-performing after being in default for90days,but this can depend on the contract terms.不良贷款4..外债Definition:Foreign debt is the total debt a country owes to foreign creditors,complemented by int ernaldebtowed to domestic lenders.The debtors can be the government,corporations or citizens o f that country.The debt includes money owed to privale commercial banks,other governments,or international financialinstitutions such as the International(IMF)and World Bank5.Translation:风险投资家A venture capitalist is an investor who either provides capilal lo slartup ventures or supports small companiesthat wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.V enture capitalists are willing toinvest in such companies because they can earn a massive return on their investments if these companies are asuccess.1.Translation:授权经营Definition:Licensing is an arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm theright to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation.2.Translation:间接投资，证券投资made with theexpectation of earning a return.Thisexpected retum'is'diretly orrelated with theion snen"cpeted ik Pofoioo ioene dainet fom dica muene whidh no uinesiable sake in a target compa ny and posbly being ivolvede wilh is day body mngeme 3.Translation:反向贸易、对等贸易Counter trade is a sale that encompases more than an exhane of god,erices or iesformoney.4.乘数效应Definition:The multiplier efect is the expansion of a country's money supply that results from banks beingable to lend.The size of the multiplier effect depends on the percentage of deposits that banks are required tohold as reserves.In other words,it is the money used to create more money and is calculated by dividing total bank deposits by the reserve requirement.5.Definition:Initial public ffering(IPO)is a type of public ofringn in which shares of a company usually aresold to nstitutional investors that in turn,sell to the general public,on a secrities excha nge,for the firsttime. 首次公开发行股票1.Break-even point is the point at which toal cost and toalrevenue are equal.Tanslaion:盈亏平衡点/盈亏临界2.Onder cydle time is a peindbetween placing5an order and receiving the ordered item. Translation:汀貨周期3.by the bank to the importer according to his demand upon receiving the billsunder the letter of credited and the impotterTranslation:进ロ押汇4.Maker share is the amo thata company sells of itspoduets or serices compared wih oher companies selling the same things. 市场份额5.Definition:Brand positioning is an activity of creating a brand offer in such a manner that it occ upies adistinctive place and value in the target customers'mind.Translation:品牌定位1.Defnition:Itis the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price;rithe ght is purchased and15 notexercised by a stated date,the money is forfeited.期权2.It is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from thelr own money0 1the money paid by subsequent investors,rather than from profit earned by the individual or orga nizationrunning the operation.庞氏骗局3.Definition:It is a stock market index and one of the several indices created by W all Street Jour nal editors and Dow Jones&Company co- founder Charles Dow.The industrial averagewas first calculated on May26,1896.Translation:道琼斯工业平均指数4.Definition:It is a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods. Translation:经销商5.Definition:It is a process of judging officially how an argument should be settled. Translation:仲裁1.Barriers to trade are any action by a govermment to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in an dout of its country.贸易壁垒4.Definition:V enture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research.especially in high technology,in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.Also called risk capital.Translation:风险资本5.Definition:Insurable interest holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest i n it.(Whichmeans that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservati on,but if it is any way_damaged or lost the assured will be -adversely afet.-)Translation:可保利益2.Definition:Contracting party isаcountry or firm that signs a legalagreement.缔约国3.Definition:Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee. Translation:及期汇票4.It is a reply to an ofter which conains aditions or other modietaons还盘2.Definition;lt is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality of the product ffe is about equal to theaverage quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time. Translation:良好平均品质3.Definition:The act of the transferor in transferring a draft to the transferee by making a signatu re on the backof the draft. 背书4.Definition:It is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physic ally receive thegoods.This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.Translation:象征性交货5.Goods are transported directly from the production country to the consuming country.In this ca se,onlv two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and the importer. Translation:直接贸易。
商务英语术语翻译
07A1. Taking Delivery2.Factor endowments3.Learning effects4.clusters of related industries5. Location-specific advantage6.attentiveness7.industrial dispute8. equity(in accounting)9. down payment10. bonus point 11.Work permit 12. floor plan13. freehold 14.leasehold 15.stakeholder16. a filing cabinet 17.expenses claims sheet 18. no-frills airlines19. staff turnover 20.workshop1) 提货2) 要素禀赋3) 学习效应4) 相关产业集群5) 区位优势6) 周到7) 劳资纠纷8) 净资产9). 首付10) 积分11) 工作许可证12) 楼层平面图13) 永业产权14)_租赁权15). 利益悠关方16) 文件柜17) 费用报销单18) 经济型航空公司19) 员工流动20) 研讨会_07B1. Value for money2.Factor endowments3.Learning effects4.outstanding balance5. Location-specific advantage6. mortgage7.industrial dispute 8.motoring magazine 9. down payment10.press coverage 11.Work permit 12. full amenities13. leasehold 14.breakeven 15.stakeholder16.disposal 17.expenses claims sheet 18. take precautions19. staff turnover 20. civil liability1)物有所值2) 要素禀赋3) 学习效应4) 余额5) 区位优势6) 住房按揭7) 劳资纠纷8) 汽车杂志9). 首付10) 报道篇幅11) 工作许可证12) 全套设施13) 租赁权14) _盈亏平衡15). 利益悠关方16) 处置财产17) 费用报销单18) 采取防范措施19) 员工流动20) _ 民事责任08A1. Profit and loss statement2.Factor endowments3. Zero inventory4.EPS(earnings per share)5. Location-specific advantage6. Taking Delivery7.Industrial dispute8. Equity(in accounting)9. Lecture theatre10.lump sum 11.Work permit 12. Overheads13. Freehold 14.General merchandise 15.Stakeholder16. FOB(Free On Board) plimentary tickets 18. No-frills airlines 19. Staff turnover 20. Know-how1) 损益表2) 要素禀赋3)零库存4)每股收益5) 区位优势6) 提货7) 劳资纠纷8) 净资产9). 阶梯教室10) 一次性付款11) 工作许可证12) 公司日常开支13) 永业产权14)_杂货15). 利益悠关方16) 离岸价17) 免费赠送票18) 经济型航空公司19) 员工流动20)专有技术/略号08B1.A backlog of orders2. Net worth3. Financing cost4.Core competence5.Corporate event6. Bulk discount7.risk-free investment 8.Brand stretching 9. Disposal10.Bargaining power 11.Legal action 12. Annual Leave13. Leasehold 14.Roadshow 15. Operating margins16. CIF 17. Dividend per share 18. Concession19. Settle the balance 20. Tribunal rules1) 定单积压2) 净资产3) 融资成本4) 核心竞争力5) 企业社交活动6) 批量折扣7) 无风险投资8) 品牌延伸9). 出售10) 议价能力11) 法律诉讼12) 年假13) 租赁14)_路演15). 经营利润16) 到岸价17) 每股分红18) 减让19) 结清余款20) 法庭裁决。
国际商务英语汉译英翻译
制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
past decade, especially in China since
15、最惠国待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只
Foreign direct investments of FDI for the country is playing an active role it. 是正常的贸易地位。受惠国只是享有被征收
即各国生产相比较而言效率更高的那种特殊
overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of 产品。更理想的是，各国集中专门生产它的
19、 2000 年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改 考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通
different affairs.
特殊产品，然后再进行相互间的贸易。
zones, the increased use of electronic
出口商所开出的汇票后，便可得到单据，而
conformity with those in the L/C.
communication, and the transport practices.
change in
付款则要晚于这个时间。 In the case of documents against
是促进世界和各国经济发展的最有效的工 具。
17、《买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一 致的具体规则可供参照，他们就肯定简单、
neighbours separated only by a strip of
Technology, capital and ready markets are 可靠地确定各自的责任》 。
in an-other.
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC)
商务英语中常用术语的翻译
商务英语中常用术语的翻译定价和支付price and payment1.CIF 到岸价格/ 成本加保险费,运费价2.FOB离岸价格/ 装运港船上交货3.CFR离岸加运费价格/ 成本加运费价格4.佣金commission5.折扣discount6.净价,单价net price / unit price7.定金down payment8.分期付款installment payment询盘和报盘1.询盘inquiry2.发盘offer3.还盘counter-offer4.实盘firm offer5.虚盘non-firm offer6.规格specification7.样品sample8.交货delivery9.定货order10.最低价rockbottomprice11.价格单price list单据document1.形式发票proformainvoice2.商业发票commercial invoice3.领事发票consular invoice4.汇票draft / bill of exchange5.即期信用证sight draft6.远期信用证usancedraft7.信用证letter of credit / L/C8.即期信用证sight L/C9.远期信用证usanceL/C10. 装船通知shipping advice11.装箱单packing list11.货运单据shipping documents12.海运提单bill of lading / B/L13.清洁提单clean B/L14.不清洁提单unclean B/L16.保险单insurance policy17.检验证书certificate of inspection18.质检证书certificate of quality19.原产地证明书certificate of origin20.进口许可证import license21.出口许可证export license22.合同contract23.确认书confirmation24.售货确认书sales confirmation25.购货确认书confirmation of purchase。
商务英语翻译合同术语及公司介绍术语及
This contract is made in two originals that shouldbe held by each party.此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may be addedthere as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shallbecome valid onthe date of signature.本合同一式四份〔正副本各两份〕自签署后生效This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shallbe deemed equallyauthentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。
本合同一式两份。
自双方签字〔盖章〕之日起生效。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy andthe sellersagree to sell the under-mentioned. Commoditiesaccording to the terms and conditions stipulatedbelow.本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购置，卖方同意出售以下产品。
国际商务英语汉译英翻译
1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。
Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。
投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。
中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。
商务英语高频词汇
商务英语高频词汇
商务英语高频词汇包括：
1.价格（Price）：包括报价、还价、定价和折扣等。
2.付款（Payment）：涉及付款方式、信用证、汇款等。
3.装运（Shipment）：包括装运日期、运输方式、装运通知等。
4.合同（Contract）：包括合同条款、合同执行、合同变更等。
5.谈判（Negotiation）：包括报价、还价、交涉和协商等。
6.保险（Insurance）：涉及保险条款、保险费率和保险种类等。
7.索赔（Claim）：包括索赔理由、索赔处理和索赔解决等。
8.市场（Market）：包括市场调查、市场预测和市场拓展等。
9.营销（Marketing）：涉及营销策略、广告宣传、销售渠道等。
10.公司（Company）：包括公司介绍、公司组织架构、公司发展等。
除了这些核心词汇外，商务英语中还涉及到许多其他专业术语和词汇，具体可以根据实际业务需求进行学习和了解。
商务英语专业词汇跟普通词汇
商务英语专业词汇跟普通词汇
商务英语专业词汇与普通词汇之间最大的区别在于其专业性质和应用场景的不同。
商务英语专业词汇主要用于商业和商务领域中的专业术语和专业用语，而普通词汇则是日常生活和一般场景中所使用的词汇。
以下是一些商务英语专业词汇和普通词汇的对比：
1. 商务英语专业词汇：financial statement（财务报表）
普通词汇：bank statement（银行对账单）
2. 商务英语专业词汇：shareholder（股东）
普通词汇：member（成员）
3. 商务英语专业词汇：market research（市场调研）
普通词汇：survey（调查）
4. 商务英语专业词汇：trade agreement（贸易协议）
普通词汇：contract（合同）
5. 商务英语专业词汇：revenue（收入）
普通词汇：income（收入）
这些例子说明了商务英语专业词汇通常更加具体和准确，可以在商业环境中更清晰地传达意思。
无论是从词汇的词性、用法还是语境中，商务英语专业词汇和普通词汇都存在明显的区别。
商务英语口语：45个国际商务谈判术语
商务英语口语：45个国际商务谈判术语商务英语有很多的发展方向，比如翻译、外贸、教师等等很多选择。
不过，不管你希望往哪个方向去发展，一些国际通用的谈判知识，还是可以先了解的。
下面我们就来看下，专业的商务谈判中，各种技巧及原则的英文释义吧！1、Bargaining讨价还价petitive, win-lose situations.2、Selective perception 选择性感知When the perceiver singles out certain information that supports a prior belief and filters out information that does not confirm that belief.3、Intangibles无形因素intangible factors are the underlying psychological motivations that may directly or indirectly influence the parties during a negotiation.4、Interdependent相互依赖when the parties depend on each other to achieve their own preferredoute they are interdependent.5、Negotiator’s dilemma谈判者的困境the choice of whether to pursue a claiming value strategy is described as the “negotiator’s dilemma”.6、initial offer最初报价the first number the buyer will e to the seller.7、petitive situation竞争性情形:when the goals of two or more people are interconnected so thatonly one can achieve the goal, this is petitive situation, also known as a zero-sumor distributive situation，in which “individuals are so linked together that there is a negative correlation between their goal attainments”.8、Mutual-gainssituation相互获益情形: When parties’goals arelinked so that one person’s goal achievement helps others to achieve theirgoals, it is a mutual-gains situation,also known as a non-sum or integrative situation.9、BATNA达成谈判协议的最佳选择an acronym for best alternative to a negotiated agreement.10、Thedilemma of honesty诚实困境it concerns how much of the truth to tell the other party.11、Thedilemma of trust信任困境it concerns how much should negotiators believe what the other party tells them.12、Distributive bargaining分配式谈判accepts the fact that there can only be one winner given the situation and pursues a course of action to be that winner.13、Integrative bargaining共赢争价attempts to find solutions so both parties can do well and achieve their goals.14、Claimvalue主张价值to do whatever is necessary to claim the reward, gain the lion’s share, or gain the largest piece possible.15、Createvalue创造价值to find a way for all parties to meet their objectives, either by identifying more resources or finding unique ways to share and coordinate the use of existing resources.16、Stereotypes心理定势is a very mon distortion of the perceptual process. It occurs when one individual assigns attributes to anothersolely on the basis of the other’s membership in a particular social or demographic category.17、Contending争夺战略actors pursuing the contending strategy pursue their own outes strongly and show little concern for whether the other party obtains his or her desired outes.18、Yielding屈服战略actors pursuing the yielding strategy show little interest orconcern in whether they attain their own outes, but they are quite interested in whether the other party attains his or her outes.19、Inaction不作为战略actors pursuing the inaction strategy show little interest in whether they attain their own out-es, as well as little concern about the other party obtains his or her outes.20、Problem solving解决问题战略actors pursuing the problemsolving strategy show high concern for attaining their own outes and high concern for whether the other.21、target point目标点the point at which negotiator would like toconclude negotiations.22、resistance point拒绝点a negotiator’s bottom line, the mostthe buyer will pay or the smallest amount the seller will settle for.23、a positive bargaining range积极的谈判空间the buyer’s resistance is above the the seller’s, and the buyer minimally willing to pay morethan the seller is minimally willing to sell for.24、Reciprocity互惠主义when you receive sth from another person, you should respond in the future with a favor in return.25、The winner’s curse赢家的诅咒the tendency of negotiators, particularly inan auction setting, to settle quickly on an item and then subsequently feel disfort about a negotiation win that es too easily.26、Process-basedinterests基于谈判过程的利益related to how the negotiators behave as they negotiate.27、indirect assessment间接估计determining what information an individual likely used to set targetand resistance point and how he or she interpreted this information.28、ive presentation选择性表述negotiators reveal only the facts necessary to support their case.29、Pareto efficient frontier帕累托有效边界the claiming value line is pushed towards the upper right-hand side to the fullest extent possibleby creating value, and the line is called the Pareto efficient frontier.30、shared goal共享目标the goal that both parties work toward but that benefits each party differently.31、joint goal联合目标the goal thatinvolves individuals with different personal goals agreeing to bine them in a collective effort.32、Endowment effect捐赠效应The tendency to overvalue something you ownor believe you possess.33、Relationship-basedinterests基于双方关系的利益tied to the current or desired future relationship between theparties.34、Resistance point拒绝点a resistance point is the place where you decide that you should absolutely stop the negotiation rather than continue because any settlement beyond this point is not minimally acceptable.35、Alternatives可替代的选择other agreements negotiators couldachieve and still meet their needs.36、Target point目标点one realistically expects to achievea settlement and the asking price, representing the best deal one can hope toachieve.37、Halo effects晕轮效应rather than using a person’s group membership as a basis for classification, however,halo effects occur when people generalize about a variety of attributes basedon the knowledge of one attribute of an individual.38、Projection投射效应When people assign to others the characteristics or feelings that they possess themselves.39、Mythical fixed-pie beliefs固定蛋糕观念those who believe in the mythical fixed-pie assume there is no possibility for integrative settlements and mutually beneficial trade-offs, and they suppress efforts to search for them.40、Anchoring and adjustment基准调节cognitive biases in anchoring and adjustmentare related to the effect of the standard （or anchor）against which subsequent adjustments are made during negotiation.41、Issue framing and risk谈判框架的制定方式与风险the way a negotiation is framedcan make negotiators more or less risk averse or risk seeking.42、Availability of information信用的可用性in negotiation, the availabilitybias operates when information that is presented in vivid, colorful, orattention-getting ways bees easy to recall, and thus also bees centraland critical in evaluating events and options.43、The law of small numbers小数法则in decision theory, the law of small numbersrefers to the tendency of people to draw conclusions from sle sizes. Innegotiation, the law of small numbers applies to the way negotiator learn and extrapolate from their own experience.44、Self-serving biases感知错误The tendency to overestimate the causal roleof personal or internal factors and underestimate the causal role of situationalor external factors, when explaining another person’s behavior.45、Ultimatum最后通牒an ultimatum is an attempt to induce pliance or force concessions from a presumably recalcitrant opponent.。
商务英语常用单词与写作带翻译
商务英语常用单词与写作带翻译商务英语常用单词与写作范文带翻译在真实的商务贸易中，常用的一些英语术语非常多，下面店铺带来关于商务英语常用单词与写作范文，供大家参考学习。
1、商業書信寫法(BUSINESS LETTER WRITING)1)、原則(Rules)--------Attention; interest;Desire;Action;2)、6C’s--------Clearness;correctness;conciseness;consideration;character;3)、Element(構成元素)------letterhead(company name;address，conact Number;);reference number;date;inside Address;salutation;2、報價(Quotation)報價是一種以特定條款提供產品的承諾。
詢價者如覺得價格合理，便可確認接受訂貨，因此報價者(OFFEROR)必須小心處理報價條款，如因錯報價格而無法供貨，則會對商譽有損。
報價通常是由買方提供予買方，即賣方報價(SELLING OFFER)，但亦有由買方提出價格，由賣方決定是否接受，稱為習方報價(BUYING OFFER)或出價(BID)。
一般報價可分實盤(FIRM OFFER/OFFER WITH ENGAGEMENT)及虛盤(No-firm /offer without engaement).實盤報價會詳細列明數量、交易條款及報價有效期，只要受盤人(OFFERENCE)在有效期內確認，便可達成交易。
如貨品價格經常浮動，或貨品供應不穩定，報價者可指明價屬虛盤，或加上保留條件，如以最后確認為准、以貨物尚未售出為准或報價可隨時變更等。
報價亦可以報價單(PRICE LIST)形式發出，此種報價并無特定對象，只作回復一般詢價時使用，并于報價單上說明以最后確認為准。
至于投標是一種要求報價的方法，買方會列明要求及投標方法，由市場上的公司自稈竟投，再從中選取可提供最有利條件的公司。
贸易术语翻译
贸易术语翻译贸易术语是指与国际贸易相关的专业词汇和术语。
对于从事国际贸易的人员来说，了解和掌握这些术语是非常重要的。
以下是一些常见的贸易术语及其翻译。
1. Import（进口）- 将产品从一个国家或地区引入另一个国家或地区。
2. Export（出口）- 将产品从一个国家或地区销售到另一个国家或地区。
3. Customs（海关）- 国家的监管机构，负责监管和控制进出口货物的流动。
4. Tariff（关税）- 国家根据进口或出口商品的种类和数量征收的税费。
5. Quota（配额）- 国家限制某一种商品进口或出口的数量。
6. Embargo（禁运）- 国家对特定商品的进口或出口实施全面禁止。
7. Free trade（自由贸易）- 国家之间实行无关税或限制的贸易政策，促进商品自由流动。
8. Trade deficit（贸易逆差）- 某国家的进口总额大于出口总额的情况。
9. Trade surplus（贸易顺差）- 某国家的出口总额大于进口总额的情况。
10. Balance of trade（贸易平衡）- 某国家进口和出口之间的差额。
11. WTO（世界贸易组织）- 负责监督全球贸易规则并解决国际贸易争端的国际组织。
12. FOB（离岸价格）- 售方将货物交付给船东，并负责将货物装上船的价格。
13. CIF（成本、保险和运费）- 在离岸价格的基础上，还包括运输成本、保险费用和其他费用的价格。
14. Incoterms（国际贸易术语）- 规定确定买卖双方责任和权益的国际贸易术语。
15. Letter of credit（信用证）- 由买方的银行发出的一种付款保证，向卖方保证在一定条件下支付货款。
16. Bill of lading（提单）- 作为货物所有权证明以及货物交付和运输合同的凭证。
17. Certificate of origin（原产地证明）- 证明货物的制造国家或地区的证明文件。
18. EXW（出厂价）- 售方只需将货物交付给买方指定的地点，不负责任何运输和出口手续的价格。
商务英语术语表达
商务英语术语表达1. Get off the ground : 意思是“起步”，常用于某个产品或项目刚开始商业活动。
例如：Julien wanted to create a driving simulator for driving schools, but he didn’t find any funding, so his project didn’t get off the ground! (Julien 想要开发驾校专用的驾驶模拟器，但是由于资金没有到位，他的项目没有起步)2.To touch base : 用来表示之后保持联系，通常用在第一次商业会面结束后。
例如:We’ll touch base next week once you’ll have inserted all the corrections to the project. (等你下周修改过项目内容后我们再联系)3. Cut corners : 通常是贬义，表示我们用最简单最便宜最快速的方法做事情，即节约削减成本。
例如：Do not cut corners on any of the editorial processes because the result can be disastrous. (不要略过编辑过程中任何步骤，否则后果可能是灾难性的)4. This is like putting socks on an octopus : 你描述了一个生活中不可能存在的画面，引申为不可能完成的任务。
例如:The client has asked me to change the cover, which at this point, is like putting socks on an octopus! (客户要求更换封面，但是在目前阶段是不可能的.)5. To be promoted to a customer: 字面翻译是晋升为客户，实际含义则是反讽已经被解雇。
电商术语大全CPMCPCROIVUV等
电商术语大全C P M C P C R O I V U V等Last revision on 21 December 2020电子商务专业术语一、商业模式1.B2B模式：Business to Business-企业对企业，例子：阿里巴巴，生意宝（网盛科技）、慧聪网。
2.B2C模式：Business to Customer-企业对个人，例子：亚马逊，当当，凡客，时尚起义，走秀网。
3.C2C模式：Customer to Customer－个人对个人，例子：ebay，淘宝，拍拍，易趣。
4.BMC模式：BMC是英文Business-Medium-Customer的缩写，率先集量贩式经营、连锁经营、人际网络、金融、传统电子商务（B2B、B2C、C2C、C2B）等传统电子商务模式优点于一身，解决了B2B、B2C、C2C、C2B等传统电子商务模式的发展瓶颈。
B=Business，指企业；C=Customers，指消费者，终端；M=Medium，在这里指的是在企业与消费者之间搭建的一个空中的纽带与桥梁。
例子：太平洋直购网5.B2B2C：是一种电子商务类型的网络购物商业模式，B是BUSINESS的简称，C是CUSTOMER的简称，第一个B指的是商品或服务的供应商，第二个B指的是从事电子商务的企业，C则是表示消费者。
以亚马逊为代表。
6.O2O：online to offline 团购模式，团宝网，美团网，高朋网为代表。
7.C2A：消费者对行政机构(Consumer-to-administrations)的电子商务，指的是政府对个人的电子商务活动；8.B2A：商业机构对行政机构(Business-to-administrations)的电子商务指的是企业与政府机构之间进行的电子商务活动。
二、广告词汇1.植入式广告：在电影或电视剧或者其它场景插入相关的广告。
如变形金刚，非诚勿挠等。
2.3.4.CPS：Cost Per Sales的缩写,即销售分成。
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1．制成品 manufactured goods
2.资本货物 capital goods
3.国际收支 balance of payments
4.经常项目 current account
5. 有形贸易项目 visible trade account
6.无形贸易项目 invisible trade account
7.贸易顺差 trade surplus
8.贸易逆差 trade deficit
9.易货贸易 barter
10.补偿贸易 compensation trade
11.反向贸易 counter-trade
12.组装生产 assembly manufacturing
13.工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax
14.合资企业 joint venture
16.延期付款 deferred payment
17. 买方信贷 buyer credit
18.卖方信贷 supplier credit
19.软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan
20.最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)
21.永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)
22.国民收入 NI(National Income)
23.国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)
24.国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)
25.国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
26.国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)
27.国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Comporation)
28.经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
29.国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)
30.欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)
31.欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)
32.外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)
33.The special Economic Zone 经济特区
34.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士
35.infrastructure 基础设施
36.capital stock 实际资本
37.consumer goods 消费品
38.preferential tax rate 优惠税率
39.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业
40.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区
41.entrepreneurship 企业家精神
42.means of production 生产资料
43.stock-taking 评估、盘点
44.Allocation of resources 资源配置
45.macroregulation and control 宏观调控
46.fiscal policies 财政政策
47.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策
48.working capital 运营资本
49.basic policy 基本国策
50.technical transformation 技术革新
51.in piecemeal form： piece by piece；gradually 逐渐地
52.showpiece： a prime or outstanding example 典范
53.pipedream： fantasy； daydream； dream that cannot be realized 白日梦
54.from scratch： from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始
55.grassroots： basic level 基层
56.the dust settles： the confusion ends 尘埃落定
57.in the driver’s seat： in the dominant position。