跨文化视角下的旅游文本翻译

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跨文化视角下的旅游英语翻译及其策略研究——以陕西省景区讲解文本为例

Service Economy1 跨文化视角下我国旅游英语发展现状近年来，我国旅游业蓬勃发展，成为现阶段我国经济发展的一项重要支撑产业。

越来越多的外国游客来到中国，参观景点，了解中国传统文化知识。

这意味着越来越多的旅游文本需要被翻译成不同的语言（本文以英文为例）。

市场对于旅游翻译的需求非常大。

旅游翻译工作在注重翻译策略的基础上，更应该注意跨文化交际与翻译文本的结合。

跨文化交际学是近年来非常热门的研究学科，也是在当下社会发展中必不可少的应用型学科。

它强调在不同语言文化背景下，人们的交际要建立在两者文化的差异和联系的基础上进行。

那么在外国游客参观中国景点过程中，就会涉及跨文化方面的问题。

首先，这样的旅游交际活动中涉及的是来自不同文化背景的双方。

外国游客在聆听或者浏览景点讲解时，是根据自己的文化背景知识来输入这些翻译文本的。

第二，中国的译者需要将旅游文本翻译成英文。

如果不能很好掌握跨文化的相关知识，这样的一个文化传播过程是行不通的。

因此，旅游文本在翻译成英文版本时，一定要遵循不同的文化差异，融合当地景观和人文特色，实现旅游信息切换。

近年来，随着外国游客来华游览增多，我国的旅游英语翻译逐渐受到重视，但是依然存在很多问题。

很多景区讲解文本的英文翻译非常生硬，依然使用中式英语的语序和思维，在外国人看来十分难懂，使游客的旅游体验大打折扣。

2 旅游英语及其作用、特点旅游英语，顾名思义是将旅游过程中的相关内容，如景点名称，景点标识，景点的介绍文本翻译成英文，从而帮助外国游客游览了解中华文化。

旅游英语是跨学科的一项工作，涉及跨语言，跨心理，跨文化等，并且在跨文化和跨心理方面更加突出和典型。

借助旅游英语，可以向全世界弘扬与传播中华民族文化。

因此准确翻译景点文本非常重要。

在跨文化大环境下，旅游过程中的翻译不仅仅是语言上的翻译，更多的是涉及不同文化背后的意识水平，文化传统，历史背景等方面的知识。

跨文化视角下的旅游英语翻译也呈现出明显的特征。

跨文化传播视域下旅游外宣翻译研究

跨文化传播视域下旅游外宣翻译研究一、旅游外宣翻译的意义和特点旅游外宣翻译能够帮助各国之间传递旅游信息，促进旅游业的发展，加深各国人民对于其他国家和地区的了解，有利于促进文化交流和旅游合作。

旅游外宣翻译也是一种跨文化传播活动，能够帮助人们理解其他文化，增进跨文化交流，促进世界和平与发展。

旅游外宣翻译的特点主要表现在以下几个方面：一是多语言性，由于世界各国语言种类繁多，旅游外宣翻译需要应对不同语言的翻译工作；二是宣传性，旅游外宣翻译通常是为了宣传和推广某个地区的旅游资源和景点，需要将宣传信息传达给各国的游客；三是文化性，不同国家和地区的文化差异较大，旅游外宣翻译需要考虑到这些文化差异，进行跨文化传播。

1. 挑战跨文化传播视域下旅游外宣翻译面临着许多挑战，主要包括语言障碍、文化差异和信息传递问题。

各国语言的语法、词汇和表达习惯差异较大，导致在翻译过程中易出现歧义和误解；不同国家和地区的文化背景和价值观有着明显的差异，可能导致信息的传递不准确或失真；旅游外宣翻译的目的是为了向外国游客宣传旅游资源和景点，如何在翻译中既忠于原文又能吸引外国游客成为了一个看似矛盾的问题。

2. 对策为了应对跨文化传播视域下旅游外宣翻译的挑战，我们可以采取一些对策。

需要加强语言能力的培训，提高翻译人员的语言水平和翻译技巧，减少翻译中的语言障碍；要加强对于不同文化背景和价值观的了解，避免文化差异导致的信息失真；可以借助现代技术手段，比如多媒体翻译和人工智能翻译等，提高翻译效率和质量，更好地传递旅游宣传信息。

三、研究方法和路径1. 研究方法在跨文化传播视域下旅游外宣翻译的研究中，我们可以采用文本分析法、调查问卷法、实地调研法等多种研究方法。

可以通过文本分析法，分析不同国家和地区的旅游外宣翻译文本，挖掘其中的语言、文化和传播特点；可以通过调查问卷法，了解外国游客对于旅游外宣翻译的认知和反馈，从而改进翻译工作；可以通过实地调研法，深入了解各国旅游资源和景点的实际情况，为翻译工作提供更加准确的信息。

语言文化差异视角下旅游文本翻译——以西藏佛教景点英译为例

语言文化差异视角下的旅游文本翻译——以西藏佛教景点英译为例-旅游管理语言文化差异视角下的旅游文本翻译——以西藏佛教景点英译为例王亚璇旅游文本是一种以呼唤功能为主兼具信息功能的特殊文本，旨在促进不同国家间的语言转换和文化交流。

因此，翻译旅游文本时应尤其注意语言文化差异。

本文以西藏佛教景点英译为例，探讨旅游文本的功能，客观分析中外语言文化差异，以提高旅游文本翻译水平并加快西藏旅游业的发展。

旅游业已成为中国经济发展的支柱产业之一，愈来愈多的外国人被中国的文化传统及山川湖水吸引，而西藏更是以其独特的美景和宗教广受欢迎。

旅游文本作为中外交流的基础媒介，对中国旅游业的发展起着至关重要的作用。

但中外语言文化差异给旅游文本翻译带来很大障碍，尤其影响了西藏佛教景点的准确英译。

因此，本文将从语言文化差异角度研究旅游文本的功能，并以西藏佛教景点英译为例对旅游文本翻译进行深化探究。

一、旅游文本的功能旅游文本主要以呼唤功能为主兼具信息功能。

呼唤功能指文本对读者个人意念的呼唤，旨在诱导行动。

旅游文本中以景点翻译最具旅游文本特色。

西藏佛教景点独具地方色彩，充满着浓厚的藏传佛教魅力。

因此，西藏佛教景点的旅游文本既要体现宗教特点更要引起外国游客的兴趣。

信息功能指文本为读者提供信息以改变其认知状态的功能。

二、旅游文本的语言文化差异由于不同国家的的地理位置、历史背景迥异，中英两种语言在词汇、句式等方面大相径庭。

这正折射出两种截然不同的文化的碰撞。

语言与文化息息相关，它们相互制约并相互影响。

而西藏佛教景点旅游文本尤为复杂，因为它结合了中国传统哲学、西藏风俗文化及藏传佛教知识，这无疑给其英译带来很多困难。

（一）旅游文本的语言差异1、词汇差异汉语旅游文本善用华丽辞藻，多以四字词语组织行文，讲究音律对仗。

在西藏佛教景点旅游文本中更是如此。

例如：“寺院内佛殿也别具一格，独具神韵，佛殿呈塔形，高约20米，内径约10米，上覆金顶，下映斑斓；彩珠环绕，檐角飞天。

跨文化视角下的旅游英语翻译

CulturalCorridor 文化长廊Cutting Edge Education 教育前沿 31跨文化视角下的旅游英语翻译文/武南海摘要：随着人们生活水平的普遍提高，人们开始注重精神层面的文化追求。

而旅游作为满足人们精神世界的生活方式，受到人们的热烈欢迎。

本文就跨文化视角下进行旅游英语翻译的过程中文化差异性进行了探讨，并通过采用与之相适应的翻译方式，从而促进我国旅游产业的全面发展。

关键词：旅游英语；文化差异；翻译随着社会经济的全球化发展，旅游产业作为我国文化建设的重要部分，发展比较迅速，旅游翻译行业也随之紧跟时代发展的步伐。

为了在旅游活动中做好文化宣传工作，充分发挥了旅游英语自身的重要价值。

而结合中西方文化之间的差异，给旅游英文翻译者带来了一定的难度，因此，旅游英语翻译者要提高自身的业务水平，全面了解外国的语言文化背景，结合相关的历史背景，从而更好的完成旅游英语翻译工作。

旅游英语翻译者在翻译过程中，要结合中西文化之间的差异性，确保翻译内容能够吸引更多的游客。

1 两种文化差异对当前旅游英语翻译造成的影响1.1 民族文化和语言背景的影响经过大数据统计分析，不同文化之间的差异性会对旅游英语翻译产生一定的影响，所以在语言翻译的过程中要充分考虑文化之间的差异性，从而更好地进行语言交流。

由于各个国家都有着自身独特的文化背景以及地域风情，同时，还受到宗教信仰和历史文化等影响因素，使得旅游英语翻译者在实践翻译工作中会面临诸多困难。

为此，在进行旅游英语翻译的时候会受到各种因素影响，使其很难通过翻译还原出原本的内容，也就不能很好的表达原著文化的精髓部分。

1.2 语言特征的影响旅游英语翻译者在实践翻译工作中，所表达的语言特征也会影响翻译结果，因此需要深入研究这一影响因素。

例如，中国的古诗文化中隐藏着丰富的历史背景知识，在进行英文翻译的过程中很难通过英语语言将它们进行完整的转换，更难表达其中的历史文化背景。

例如，在对外国游客讲解中华传统文化和节日的时候，由于他们对于我国的历史文化背景了解不多，就容易产生错误的理解。

【推荐下载】跨文化视角下旅游英语翻译策略浅谈

跨文化视角下旅游英语翻译策略浅谈跨文化视角下旅游英语翻译策略，分析了由于文化差异导致伊春旅游地区英译文本中存在的问题，进而对旅游英语翻译策略做了探究。

一、引言随着我国对外开放的进一步加深，旅游文化已悄然兴起，对于国外游客而言，这是了解中国的最好的途径。

旅游业有其独特点，旅游翻译并非易事。

旅游英语翻译在此过程中，起到桥梁和纽带的作用，更突出其跨文化交际特点，旅游英语翻译涉及内容之广，上至天文地理，下至地区风俗，既包括自然景观翻译、人文景观翻译，也包括很多当地的习俗以及一些人们不熟知的文化内涵。

在旅游英语翻译的过程中应保持本土文化个性，发扬文化传统，使汉语的魅力融入到英语中去，达到交流的目的。

跨文化旅游翻译是集文化和翻译为一身，在翻译过程中体现出文化渗透。

但是，旅游英语文体特点的限制，在内容上以准确实用无误为准绳，突出信，在文体上，要突显其结构简单，句子结构严谨，不提倡用过多的从句来罗列信息，以求得最大信息量的目的。

有时在翻译汉语中那些成语以及诗句时，可以作适当删减处理，而不必逐字逐句的直译，而结果往往不令人满意。

总的说来，跨文化旅游翻译要尽使信息传达准确，在此基础上可以吸引更多国外游客来观光游览。

中西方文化的差异，加之汉语和英语由于各属不同语系，在翻译过程中也有所体现，语言风格和文化特点也不尽相同。

这就需要译者仔细体会原文的深刻含义，理解跨文化交际所带来的不同影响。

二、主要的翻译策略由于我国旅游资源十分丰富，但是相对而言旅游资源在国际上的知名度却很小，许多外国游客都只是知道一些著名的大城市，如北京、上海等地，对中国其他的旅游却不甚了解。

近年来，我国许多著名旅游城市和景点的中英文双语的景点介绍已配备齐全，在游客观光旅游过程中，对于国外游客而言，可以借此快速了解其主要情况，达到让国外游客明白主旨、了解大意，传递中国文化。

这现交际功能，从而推动旅游业的发展。

在翻译的过程中，要注意那些原汁原味的中国文化信息，要多加保留，必要时要采用增译法，把中国文化信息传递给外国游客，以英文翻译为交流的工具，以旅游促进文化的发展和繁荣，达到跨文化交际的目的。

跨文化视角下旅游英语的翻译

环球市场信息导报142当代思潮跨文化视角下旅游英语的翻译◎马影我国历史文化悠久、幅员辽阔、旅游资源丰富，每年入境旅游观光的外国游客数量居世界前列。

在旅游接待过程中，由于不同国家之间的语言和文化背景的差异，会造成信息传递的意义扭曲，从而影响外国游客对景点的正确理解。

旅游中的英语翻译，是一种语言转换，更是一种文化的推广过程。

旅游英语作为专门用途英语（ESP），翻译过程中要兼顾译文信息的准确性和跨文化的特性，因此旅游翻译的达意和恰到好处，不仅让游客欣赏了旅游目的地的景观、了解当地民俗，也为中国文化走向世界，增强中外文化融合起到不容小觑的作用。

旅游文本翻译中的跨文化需求语言作为文化最基本的载体而存在，其主要作用就是方便人与人之间思想的沟通与交流，每个民族和国家的风俗习惯、民族传统和思想观念都各不相同，由此可见，文化语言与个体语言是有所差异的，它反映了一个民族整体的生活方式。

不同的语言因为文化的差异，即使最完美的译文也不可能做到完全翻译还原原文，译者只能尽量做到近似于对等，也就是美国著名翻译家尤金·奈达(Eugene A Nida)所提出的，翻译就是目标语再现出与源语言信息最接近的对等体。

旅游英语强调文体的实用性，注重语言的应用效果。

旅游英语文本特点在于词汇上使用专业术语，句子与语法上更加简单和口语化，在内容上还涉及相关导游专业知识和接待服务技能。

在对旅游景点进行描述时，文化背景、价值观念和思维方式上的不同是导致不同语言文体特色和风格的主要原因。

因此，翻译人员必须对本民族文化有充分理解认识，将原有文本结合目的语的文化加以适当创造，进而达到旅游英语翻译的有效目标。

旅游英语的翻译策略人名和地名的翻译在翻译具有中国特色的名称时，直译和意译相结合能更好地让外国游客理解我们要传达的信息，从而了解我国文化。

若采取单一的直译或意译，容易造成其内在含义的缺失。

例如，在介绍武则天时，由于她是中国历史上第一位女皇帝，可翻译为 “Empress Wu Zetian”，人物身份和历史地位一目了然。

跨文化视角下的民俗宗教文化旅游资料英译

跨文化视角下的民俗宗教文化旅游资料英译IntroductionFolk and religious culture tourism is an important aspect of cultural tourism. However, due to differentcultural backgrounds and values, it is sometimes difficultfor tourists to understand and appreciate the customs and beliefs of other cultures. As a result, it is important to provide cross-cultural perspectives and relevant information to tourists in order to enhance their understanding and appreciation of folk and religious culture.Cultural BackgroundDifferent cultures have different values, customs, and beliefs. It is important to understand these differences in order to appreciate the diversity of human culture. For example, the concept of time in Western culture is linear, while in Chinese culture, it is circular. Similarly, the roles of elders, family, and community are valued differently in different cultures.Folk and Religious CultureFolk and religious culture are the expressions of people's beliefs and traditions. Folk culture includes the customs and practices of a group of people, such astraditional festivals, folk songs, and folk art. Religious culture includes the beliefs, rituals, and customs of a particular religion, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.Cross-cultural perspectiveA cross-cultural perspective involves understanding and appreciating the differences and similarities betweencultures. It requires an open mind and a willingness to learn about and respect other cultures. For example, when visitinga foreign country, it is important to learn about its customs, language, and traditions in order to communicate effectively with the locals and avoid cultural faux pas.Tourist InformationTourist information is essential for enhancing thetravel experience of tourists. In the context of folk and religious culture tourism, tourist information should include cross-cultural perspectives, historical and cultural background information, as well as practical information such as directions, accommodations, and transportation.ConclusionIn conclusion, in order to promote the sustainable development of folk and religious culture tourism, it is essential to provide tourists with cross-culturalperspectives and relevant information. This will not only enhance the travel experience of tourists but also promotethe understanding and appreciation of different cultures and foster cultural exchange.。

跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析

跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析【摘要】This article explores the translation of tourist attractions in English from a cross-cultural perspective. The introduction provides background information and discusses the significance of the research. The body of the article defines cross-cultural tourism translation, examines the role of cross-cultural communication in translating tourist attractions, reviews factors influencing translation practices, presents practical case studies, and evaluates the impact of cultural differences on translation. The conclusion summarizes key findings and suggests future research directions. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how cross-cultural considerations shape the translation of tourist attractions in English, highlighting the importance of cultural sensitivity and communication in this process.【关键词】跨文化视域、旅游景点、英语翻译、跨文化沟通、文化差异、实践案例、影响因素、总结、未来研究方向。

跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析

跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析【摘要】Traveling to different cultures can be a rewarding experience, but it also comes with challenges, especially when it comes to understanding and interpreting the English translations of tourist attractions. This article explores the cultural differences in translating tourism sites into English, the impact of English translations on the tourist experience, as well as the challenges and problems in cross-cultural communication. Suggestions for improving English translations of tourist attractions are discussed, along with a case analysis to illustrate these issues. The importance of cross-cultural perspectives on tourism site translations is emphasized in the conclusion, along with future research directions and a summary of the key points discussed in the article. Overall, understanding the complexities ofcross-cultural communication in tourism translation is crucial for enhancing the overall travel experience and promoting cultural understanding.【关键词】关键词：跨文化视域、旅游景点、英语翻译、文化差异、旅游体验、跨文化沟通、问题与挑战、建议、案例分析、重要性、未来研究、总结。

跨文化视角下河南旅游文本英译研究

202美眉 2023.08下教研与美育观点交流跨文化视角下河南旅游文本英译研究赵丽（平顶山学院外国语学院，河南　平顶山　467000）摘　要：从功能学派角度而言，开展旅游文本英译工作主要目的是吸引更多国外游客，又可确保旅游区域能够为英语口语旅游者提供良好的环境，从而保证地区开展跨文化交际活动与英语旅游者的文化和思维更加契合。

因此，河南省在开展旅游文本英译工作中，应以文本实例为基础，利用多种变译方法，并在网络搜索技术支持下，参考英语使用者的文本规范，对旅游英语翻译进行完善，使翻译的内容能够更加贴合英语游客，从而提升河南地区旅游经济效益。

关键词：跨文化视角；河南；旅游文本；英译前言河南省是我国重要的文明发源地，存在很多具有浓厚历史文化的景点，如少林寺、开封清明上河园、焦作云台山、洛阳龙门和洛阳牡丹节等，不仅有着引人入胜的自然景观，而且有着多样的文化传承，不断吸引着更多国内外游客，并逐渐成为河南旅游业中精品旅游景点。

而随着我国经济发展，推动了跨文化地区交际，使得地方政府提升了对跨文化旅游重视。

但旅游文本英译中有关问题，会对旅游业国际化发展造成阻碍，如用词不当、中式英语和文化误解等错误，会在不同程度上对中国文化输出与国外游客流量产生影响。

因此，在河南旅游业中，需要以跨文化交际为目的，基于翻译理论，并利用搜索引擎技术以及变译方法，完善旅游文本翻译，提升翻译内容准确性与规范性，从而提升河南旅游景观形象和旅游经济效益。

一、跨文化旅游翻译跨文化旅游翻译，主要是基于不同语言间的文化差异进行翻译。

英文作为一种世界范围内常用的语言，通过英文翻译方式，能够加强其他国家对世界历史、世界地理等多方面信息了解。

通常而言，旅游翻译中的英语具有简洁易懂特点，相较于科学技术、公文编辑等专业性领域中英语而言较为简单。

在英汉转换中，由于汉语中很多内容表达较为隐晦，语言辞藻选择方面较为华美。

而英语形式的语言，行文和言辞较为简单，对信息表达更为准确。

跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究

跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究
随着全球化的深入发展，跨文化交流日益频繁，旅游英语翻译成为了一项至关重要的工作。

在跨文化背景下进行旅游英语翻译，需要考虑到不同文化之间的差异，以及旅游活动中所涉及的各种语言表达和文化背景。

本文将探讨跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究。

跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译需要考虑到文化差异。

不同国家和地区有着各自独特的文化背景和价值观念，这些文化差异会直接影响到旅游活动中的语言表达和交流方式。

在进行旅游英语翻译时，翻译人员需要了解目标语言国家或地区的文化特点，避免因为文化差异而导致误解或冲突。

中国人在旅游中可能会用“吉祥如意”来祝愿顾客，而西方国家可能会用“good luck”或“best wishes”等表达方式。

翻译人员需要根据不同文化背景进行恰当的翻译，以确保信息的准确传达。

跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译需要考虑到语言表达的差异。

不同语言之间存在着丰富的表达方式和习惯用语，翻译人员需要根据不同的语言习惯进行灵活的翻译。

中文表达中常常使用成语和典故，而英语表达则更倾向于使用简洁直接的语言。

翻译人员在进行旅游英语翻译时需要根据目标语言的语言特点进行调整，以确保翻译的自然流畅。

还需要考虑到不同语言之间的语法和词汇的差异，避免因为语言结构不同导致的翻译不准确或不恰当。

跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译是一项复杂而重要的工作。

翻译人员需要考虑到文化差异、语言表达的差异和文化认知的差异，在翻译过程中进行灵活处理，以确保翻译的准确传达。

只有在充分考虑到跨文化背景下的各种因素后，才能够实现更好地旅游英语翻译工作。

跨文化交际下高语境文化中的旅游文本翻译研究_ (2)

Chapter 3 High Context in Cross-cultural Communication Admittedly, communication, context and culture are interrelated with each other and indispensable elements in translation. Communication is used to convey a system of information; the correct understanding of information cannot be achieved without the help of context; translation with a high quality cannot be obtained without the correct understanding of information. In the part discussed below, the author attempts to conduct a brief introduction of the fundamental definitions of these concepts and their relationships.3.1 Understanding Cross-cultural Communication3.1.1 Defining Cross-cultural CommunicationCommunication actually refers to the language use and the interaction of humans. It is the most common activity in human life. According to Wilbur Schramm's definition, “communication comes from the Latin communis, common. When we communicate, we are trying to establish a ‘commonness’with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea, or an attitude.”(Quoted by DeVito,1976: 174) From the definition mentioned above, we can see that“share information”is a key element in communication. Therefore, successful communication needs the correct understanding of information and context. Since context is a part of communication, we should make a clarification on the context if we want to have a deep understanding of communication.3.1.2 Context in Cross-cultural CommunicationCommunication is not merely language, but the correct use of language. Due to the complexity of lexicon and thoughts, language alone can produce semantic ambiguity in communication. The information rendered by the speaker is sometimes in disguise of the literal meaning, the true intention of which is actually opposite to the literal meaning.Then how to use language correctly? The answer is context. Stated by Hall (1990: 6), the definition of context is“the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.”According to the definition, it is the context that helps limit the range of possible interpretations given by languageand at the same time support the intended interpretation, as Hymes points out that a linguistic form have a number of meanings. A context supports the occurrence of these meanings. When a form happens in a context, it possesses the meaning that is relevant to that context other than those the form can signal. The context can help to eliminate from the consideration of the meanings possible to the form instead of those the context can signal.3.2 The Relationship between Cross-cultural Communication and Translation 3.2.1 Understanding High-context and Low-context CulturesDifferent cultures have different use of contexts. So there are high-context culture and low-context culture. Hall proposed the concept of high-context and low-context cultures in his book Beyond Cultures in 1976. The assumption of the concept is that“one of the functions of culture is to provide a highly selective screen between man and the outside world. In its many forms, culture therefore designates what we pay attention to and what we ignore.”(Hall, 1976: 74)In countries of low-context culture, people believe that the lack of words or sentences will result in the absence of information. So the speaker will speak in a direct and explicit way to convey meaning. While, in countries of high-context culture, people tend to have a strong sense of the context and they believe that the information hidden behind sentences can be found in context, the incompleteness of information resulted from the absence of words also being found in context. Consequently, the receiver of the message needs to make inferences from the context in which sentences occur.With respect to Chinese and western cultures, Hall stated in his book Beyond Culture (Hall,1976):“Although no culture exists exclusively at one end of the scale, some are high while others are low. American culture, while not on the bottom, is toward the lower end of the scale. We are still considerably above the German-Swiss, the Germans, and the Scandinavians in the amount of contexting needed in everyday life.”“China, the possessor of a great and complex culture, is on the high-context end of the scale. One notices this particularity in the written language of China, which is thirty-five hundred years old and has changed very little in the past three thousand years. The need for context is experienced when looking upwords in a Chinese dictionary. To use a Chinese dictionary, the reader must know the significance of 214 radicals (there are no counterparts for radicals in the Indo-European languages). For example, to find the word for ‘star (星)’one must know that it appears under the ‘ sun（日）’radicals. To be literate in Chinese, one has to be conversant with Chinese history….”3.2.2 Understanding Different Language Styles and Thinking Patterns in Different Contextual CulturesCulture is the reflection of customs, social conventions, thinking patterns, values and so on. Every nation has it own characteristics which are rooted in its social situation, thinking mode, customs and language structure.Language can reflect culture and certainly different cultures have different ways to express language. Cultural barrier created by cultural differences can bring much trouble to translators. It is necessary for translators to grasp the differences both in the rules of two languages and in the two cultures. If we want to have a thorough understanding of differences between Chinese and western culture, we should, first of all, understand the differences in language styles. In the following part, we conduct a comparative study of differences in language styles brought about by different Chinese and English cultural contexts.3.2.2.1 Indirectness in Chinese Culture and Directness in Western CultureIndirectness and directness stands for the unstraightforwardness and straightforwardness of conveying the message. In terms of context, people in high-context cultures are more likely to express their opinions indirectly, laying much emphasis on the context, while people in low-context cultures tend to be less sensitive to the contextual factors and give their opinions in a direct way.We can account for indirectness in Chinese culture from the following three aspects. Firstly, people in China tend to say a lot of what is seemingly irrelevant to the topic before giving their real points. Actually, Chinese people is creating a context, for they think that context can give meaning to the information they want others to understand and the information cannot be correctly understood without the help of context, which can eliminate the ambiguity and misunderstanding. Secondly, people in China will use limited sentences to convey all the information they wouldlike to express. In other words, only the extremely important idea is expressed in words, other relatively insignificant information, for example, the background information, can be found in concrete context. Indirectness does not need the speaker to state everything out. What he needs to do is to develop a context that can help listeners to infer the correct message. Thirdly, as is known, Chinese people love face. Indirectness is just the way to avoid them from losing face. In high-context cultures, not only is the understanding of meaning inseparable from the situation in which words occur, but also the speaker who expresses the idea is an indispensable element in understanding words. If a speaker speaks something that sounds offensive to the listener, the listener will certainly feel uncomfortable. But he will not respond in a direct way that makes the speaker sense his unhappiness. He will tells the speaker indirectly that what the speaker just said is impolite and the speaker can feel his mood from the context.In western culture, directness is advocated for the following reasons. Firstly, time is money and time cannot be wasted on guessing the meaning from the context. So people in western countries prefer to get down to the point directly. Secondly, going straight to the point can display the sincerity which is highly appreciated in western countries. And beating around the bush means insincerity and something being hidden.3.2.2.2 Implicitness in Chinese Culture and Explicitness in Western CultureIn China, people are prone to make implicit statements rather than speak in a detailed and explicit way, for the meaning of the same statement is different with the change of situations. Therefore, two styles of doing things characteristic of Chinese culture appear. Firstly, Chinese people like to make up a framework rather than a plan with detailed description in dealing with a project, for Chinese have a strong sense that one issue is determined by a main factor which dominates all the other secondary factors. The framework is fixed, and detailed items can vary with different situations. Secondly, Chinese tend to rely on the subjective impression and information. High-context culture means that much inference is not based on objective facts but relies on the subjective information that is internalized. Thatmeans Chinese tend to rely on the information that exists within their minds and previous experience. For example, when a Chinese looks at the name of a product, a lot of information relevant to the product, such as the advertisement of the product, the function of it, the instructions of usage and so on, will occur to him. So for the people in high-context culture, if the product contains long and detailed description, they will feel that they are considered as the empty-headed idiot in the producers’ eyes.In western culture, people hold a strong belief in objective facts, science and technology. They think that facts can be measured. So they pay less attention to materials based on no provable materials. Thus in more detailed way the information is provided, the more persuasive the information is.3.2.2.3 Collective Initiative in Chinese Culture and Individual Initiative in Western CultureThe Chinese people’s psychological structure is based on the idea of unification: they emphasize the group but ignore the individual, while the Westerners’ psychological structure is more loose: they pay more attention to the individual, enjoying individual adventure. In high-context culture, collectivism plays a major role in people's life, which advocates collective initiative in decision-making, while in low-context culture, individualism plays a major role, which advocates individual initiative in decision-making.There is an ancient saying in China that a single bamboo pole does not make a raft, which is just the representation of the emphasis on collectivism in a high-context culture. In China, family is a very important concept and the family system strongly influences the opinion that a single person is just an element in the network with others. An individual does not exist alone but exists in the relationship to others. It is the group membership that is regarded as the lifelong identity. Thus, inside a group, the interests of the group are always prior to those of individuals. Inside a group, members should take responsibility for the happiness of each other, for one's happiness belongs to every member. If one fails or is unhappy, other members will take care of him, for one's failure will affect every member's mood. Ifa decision is to be made, all members are supposed to be involved in the discussion and consultation. Being too independent is considered to be the symbol of selfishness.In western culture, the individualism can be best explained by a line in the movie High Noon, “A man’s gotta do what a man’s gotta do.”People always admire those who can achieve their goals or realize their value through their own efforts. Individualism is stressed too often. Thus the concept of a membership is not so fixed in their mind. In contrast to Chinese people, people in western countries will leave the group at any time at their own will without much consideration on the whole interests of the group.From what has been discussed above on the different language styles and thinking patterns existing in different contextual cultures, we know that difficulties are indispensable in the process of translating. Translation refers to communication. As a tool of transferring meaning between languages, not only is translation a bilingual practice, but also a bicultural communication. A high-quality translation cannot be achieved without the correct understanding of different cultures, for translation is the process of understanding and recreating. As a result, the translator, as the mediator, should be a person with sufficient knowledge and a great sensitivity to the cultures of source and target language. In order to deal with problems when encountering other cultures, it is necessary for the translator to understand the diversity in the form of language styles and thinking patterns of different cultures. The following part will be devoted to the discussion of the relationship between cultural contexts and translation.3.2.3 High Context in Cross-cultural Communication TranslationTranslation is a kind of interlinguistic activity. As a part of culture, language has already been involved in culture. The intimate relationship between language and culture results in the close relationship between translation and culture. From the history of translation, we can see the way different cultures communicate and conflict with each other, integrate with and complement each other. Thus, translation is also an act of intercultural communication, which compares different cultures.Without a thorough understanding of the cultural factors involved, can no translation be adequate. For example, when we are attempting to comprehend a text before translating it, we are not just dealing with words and sentences, but also taking the cultural context into consideration. When a translator studies the language, he should not ignore culture. Eugene A. Nida is aware of the great importance of cultural factors in the process of doing translation research; he states his opinion in his book Language, Translation, & Cultures,“The role of 16 languages within a culture and the influence of the culture on the meanings of words and idioms are so pervasive that scarcely any text can be adequately understood without careful consideration of its cultural background.”(Nida, 1993) In his opinion, in the process of translating, the cultural factors are far more significant than the merely linguistic differences. Therefore, translation is more a bicultural activity than a bilingual activity, since words can express their true meaning in the culture in which they function.Translation is not only to seek the words with similar meaning in another language but to find appropriate ways of expressing things in another language. Then, different languages use different linguistic forms to express in different styles. Translation is also a kind of social and psychological activity, for translations reflect people's thinking patterns and customs in the culture where the translator lives. It is no denying that the thinking patterns and conventions are closely related with the cultural characteristics. Translators are faced with a different culture and the message should be conveyed in a way that can be accepted by the alien culture. Some cultural words, especially the proverbs, legends and poetic lines, are culture-bound, whose origin and understanding are intrinsically bound to the culture. In this sense, translators are doing a cultural translation, whose success depends on their understanding of culture. Unfamiliarity with cultural differences will lead to a misunderstanding and mistranslation. Taking“dining manners”as an example, the North American people are accustomed to responding to the offer of food which they do not like with the sentence“The food is interesting or unique.”If they really like the food you offer them, they will accept it without shyness. So in the translation works, when we encounter the situation in which North American people respond insuch a way, we should know they are refusing in a polite way. Therefore, when we are confronted with translation problems existing in Chinese and English, it’s necessary for us to consider the solutions from the perspective of culture, not simply from the linguistic perspective. The following are several examples which can illustrate the view that cultural background is of vital importance for the correct translation. These phrases seem to be the same as their English counterparts in terms of literal level, but meaning is totally different in different cultural contexts. In China, “骨鲠在喉”means one intends to say something. However,“to have a bone in one’s throat”means just the opposite, which means that one is unwilling to cover the facts with an excuse as if there is something stuck in his throat so that he could not speak naturally. In China,“知子莫如父”is similar to the sentence in English“He is a wise father who knows his child”. These two sentences seem to be identical in the form and meaning. However, they possess the totally contrary meaning. In Chinese idiom, the focus is the understanding of the father to his son. But the syntactic structure in the English counterpart “It is (a wise father) that...”leaves an impression on people that only wise father understands his son and the father who does not understand his son is foolish. So in another language structure, the real meaning of the idiom is totally changed.3.3 SummaryLanguage is the carrier, container and mirror of culture. It spreads and develops culture. They are inseparable from each other. Language is to culture what water is to fish. Language is the messenger of the transmission of culture; culture permeates every aspect of our life, which conditions our linguistic behavior. Translation is taken as an act of linguistic behavior, serving as the bridges of cultural exchanges. Translation is not simply the transfer of linguistic signs; it changes the cultural connotation from one language form into another one. In the course of translation, sentences and words are the basic units, whose correct understanding cannot be realized without adequate knowledge of the differences of two cultures involved.Chapter 4 Approaches of Translation of High-context Culture inTourist Publicity Materials4.1 Approaches to Translating the Chinese Stylistic Description in the Tourist Publicity MaterialTourists publicity material are created for tourists, so we should know what tourists want to get from these materials and whether the style in which materials are written is in accordance with the style tourists expect. Since the differences in the language style between Chinese tourism publicity material and western material under different cultural contexts have already been discussed above, we should correspond the style in the English version of Chinese tourism materials with the style in the western tourism materials as closely as possible. When foreign tourists visit Chinese destination, to provide them with maximum information in the direct, explicit and individual language is the main purpose of the C-E translation of tourism materials. What we have to do, first of all, is to analyse the language styles in Chinese high-context culture and then we can decide how to achieve a successful translation in the high-context culture. Next, proper approaches applied to the C-E translation of tourism publicity materials and scenic spots will be discussed.4.1.1 Make the Implicit Information Explicit by Means of AdditionIn Chinese high-context culture, readers need to take responsibility for inferring meaning by reading between the lines. The author is prone to make a point in an indirect and implicit way. Chinese tend to describe one thing with some vague words to pursue a sense of mystery. What we can often see in the Chinese tourism writing is the usage of four-character expressions, which contain a plenty of associative meanings with limited words. Various meanings need to be inferred from the indirect and implicit four-character description.Example:友谊关历史上曾叫镇南关，始建于明代洪武年间，它是中国古代九大名关之一。

谈汉英旅游文本的翻译范文

谈汉英旅游文本的翻译谈汉英旅游文本的翻译范文翻译是一种跨文化活动,而译者则是译文读者与原文作者进行沟通的桥梁。

下面，小编为大家分享谈汉英旅游文本的翻译，希望对大家有所帮助!1.引言根据Hanvey的观点,跨文化意识是指跨文化交际中参与者对文化因素的敏感性认识,即对异同文化与共同文化的异同的敏感度和在使用外语时根据目标语文化来调整自己的语言理解和语言产出的自觉性。

(Hanvey,1986)。

来自别国的游客常常会持有一些表面文化现象的认识,同时持有与母语文化相反而又被认为缺乏理念的显着文化特征认知。

因而在某种意义上,旅游资料的译者必须通过理性分析取得对文化特征的认知,从异文化持有者的角度感知异文化。

跨文化意识是译者从事旅游资料翻译而进行跨文化交际的最基本的要求。

具体来讲,译者必须以游客为导向,同时牢记读者及游客的需求,尽量保留在目标文本中保留源文本的信息。

2.旅游资料翻译中的跨文化差异2.1 语言表达差异由于文化背景、审美观念和思维方式的不同,中西方在语言表达风格上也不尽相同。

汉语旅游文本大多使用描述性语言,言辞华丽,文笔优美;表达上追求行文工整、声律对仗。

在描述旅游时,英语旅游文体大多风格简约,逻辑严谨;行文简洁,表达直观;整体上重在景点地理环境、服务设施、优势与不足等方面的纯信息传递,并且信息准确、丰富、实用;风光景色的描述性篇幅则着笔不多。

因此,翻译时必须注重译文的实用性和特殊性,注意内外有别。

倘若翻译时一味按汉语的习惯行文用字势必与英语民族的审美心理和欣赏习惯格格不入2.2 文化背景差异旅游资料广泛地反映了旅游客体文化,即与旅游目的地相关的历史文化、建筑文化、园林文化、宗教文化、民俗文化、文学艺术、娱乐文化和人文化的自然景观等。

这与旅游主体(即旅游者)文化相差甚远,在吸引旅游者的同时也会构成了跨文化理解的障碍。

旅游资料中介绍的.历史典故、风土人情、价值观念等等无不反映了独特的文化含义,有些甚至在中国尚且鲜有人知,更不用说来自不同文化背景的外国游客。

探析跨文化视角下旅游英语翻译策略

探析跨文化视角下旅游英语翻译策略发布时间：2022-09-19T09:17:34.327Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2022年第10期作者：李文慧[导读] 随着时代的不断发展，经济出现了全球化的发展模式，外国游客在我国旅游所占的比例逐渐上升。

李文慧河南大学外语学院河南省开封市 475001摘要：随着时代的不断发展，经济出现了全球化的发展模式，外国游客在我国旅游所占的比例逐渐上升。

在旅游业中，外语翻译的重要性日益突显，尤其是作为全球通用语言——英语的翻译更是成为跨文化交流中不可或缺的一部分。

然而，在翻译过程中，使用单文化视角进行交流往往会造成沟通障碍。

因此，要根据中英文化的特点及差异来进行英文翻译，以确保交流中信息传达工作高效而准确。

关键词：跨文化;旅游;英语翻译引言近些年来，中国社会经济快速且全面地发展，中国在国际社会上的地位不断增强，进入我国市场的外资企业逐年增多，这也使得外国友人对中国文化和历史的兴趣日益增加。

在这种情况下，英语翻译工作的重要性日益突出，同时对于中国导游英语的导游词翻译的精准性与合理性的要求也就越来越高。

而旅游英语翻译存在的问题引起了从事英语教学与翻译研究教师和学者的关注。

精准、合理的英语翻译是英汉语言交流的基础，同时也是理解学好英语语言的基本条件。

英语翻译既是一门学科也是一种艺术，想要做好英语导游词的翻译，不仅要求英语翻译者对英语有熟练的驾驭能力，同时也要深刻理解英语语言文化，展现这一门艺术。

一、旅游英语翻译综述从文化的角度来看待旅游英语的翻译，英语翻译的目标就显得十分明朗。

旅行过程中遇到的美景、文化遗产、风土人情以及友好交流的人们，都能在精神层面上带给人们幸福与满足。

因此，旅游英语翻译应该清晰、准确地向外国游客转述其感兴趣的任何事，高质量的翻译能提升游客精神世界的感受，进而对视觉、听觉等都产生非常积极的影响，为我国旅游景点、文化遗产等蒙上一层彩色的面纱，从内而外深深地打动外国游客[1]。

跨文化交际视角下的丽江景点导游词英译

2015年10月下半月刊艺术文化交流跨文化交际视角下的丽江景点导游词英译王建英1，2导游词英译是一项跨文化的交际活动。

本文分析了丽江景点导游词在跨文化交际中的主要障碍，提出了一些消除跨文化交际障碍的措施，以达到两种文化顺利沟通和相互理解的目的，完成通过导游词传播文化的重任。

“跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人们（信息发出者和信息接受者）之间的交际；从心理学的角度讲，信息的编、译码是由来自不同文化背景的人所进行的交际就是跨文化交际”。

翻译已不再仅仅被看作是语言符号的转换，而是一种文化转化的模式。

随着旅游业国际化进程的不断深入，跨文化交流日趋频繁，文化冲突的可能性越来越大。

因此，跨文化交际不仅对所有的译者都非常重要，对导游词的英译尤为重要。

换种角度说，景点导游词（以下简称导游词）的汉译英，即一种典型的跨文化翻译。

丽江以其美丽的景色，独特的文化资源吸引着全世界的人们前来旅游观光。

但丽江目前旅游文本英译现状却令人堪忧。

因此，对导游词英译的跨文化问题进行研究不仅具有理论意义，更有现实意义。

一、导游词翻译的含义“导游词是导游人员在途中或景点等地向游客提供口头讲解服务所使用的，其主要功能是使游客更好地了解旅游地的自然风光和民俗风情。

”“导游词的创作和实地的口语导游的讲解既是独立分离的两个阶段，又是相互联系的统一体，这一过程可以图示如下：导游词（书面语）——导游——导游词（口语）——游客。

”导游词的翻译既可以是口译，也可以是笔译。

这是由导游词这种文本类型所决定的。

二、跨文化交际的主要障碍跨文化导游词翻译经常会发生故障。

这不仅涉及老生常谈的拼写、语法、词汇、滥用拼音等，而且涉及语用失误和文化信息处理等方面的问题。

（一）景点名称英译不统一旅游景点名的翻译主要包括意译、直译、音译、意译加音译、直译加音译及意译加直译等几种。

然而，何时采用什么译法就需要译者考虑跨文化因素。

奈达曾说：“如果译者不向假想读者调整信息负荷，接受者就可能失去信息中的一些关键因素，或觉得译文太难懂而停止阅读。

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