2013考研英语全文翻译
2013-考研英语二文章翻译
完型鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。
第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。
第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。
第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。
而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。
第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。
我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。
这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。
要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。
此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。
人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。
Text1在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。
”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。
2013年考研英语真题答案及解析
【答案】D
【考点】句间逻辑关系+固定结构
【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在……方面，关于……的表达应该用
介词 on，故答案为 D。
7. [A] if 如果
[B] until 直到
[C] though 尽管
[D] unless 除非
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定短语
请者的____不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试 MBA 申请者的结果
results，因此第 9 题应该也有结果的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其
它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合。
10.[A] found 找到的 [B] studied 研究过的
【答案】D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+短语辨析
【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选 D。而 A 选项
above all“首先” 是用来列举条目；B 选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C 选
项 in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，将 A,B,C 排除。
D 选项 deliver “传递”，同样不能与 ability 搭配。A, C, D 无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A 选项 grant 本身
具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选 A。
2.[A] minor 次要的
[B] external 外部的
[C] crucial 残酷的
[D] objective 客观的
六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A 选项 fond of 喜欢，B 选项 fear of 惧怕，C 选项
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D “角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
2013年考研英语完形填空原文及全文翻译
2013年考研英语一完型填空原文出自《The Economi st》Jun 16th 2012原文题目：A questi on of judgme ntA NEVER-ENDING flow of inform ation is the lot of most professional s. Whethe r it comesin the form of lawyers’cases, doctors’patien ts or even journali sts’storie s, this inform ati on natura lly gets broken up into pieces that can be tackle d one at a time during the course of a givenday. In theory, a decisi on made when handli ng one of thesepieces should not have much, if any, impact on simila r but unrela ted subseq uentdecisi ons. Yet Uri Simons ohn of the Univer sityof Pennsy lvani aandFrance sca Gino at Harvar d report in Psycho logic al Scienc e that this is not how things work out in practi ce.Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino knew from studie s done in otherl abora torie s that people are, on the whole, poor at consid e ring backgroundi nform ation when making indivi dual decisi ons. At first glance this might seem like a streng th that grants the abilit y to make judgme nts whichare unbias ed by extern al factor s. But in a worldof quotas and limits—in otherwords, the worldin whichmost profes siona l people operat e—the two resear chers suspec ted that it was actual ly a weakne ss. They specul atedthat an inabil ity to consid er the big pictur e was leadin g decisi on-makers to be biased by the dailysample s of inform ation they were workin g with. For exampl e, they theori sed that a judgefearfu l of appear ing too soft on crimemightbe more likely to send someon e to prison if he had alread y senten ced five or six otherdefend antsonly to probat ion on that day.To test this idea, they turned theirattenti on to the university-admissi onsp rocess. Admissionso ffice rs interv i ew hundre ds of applicantseveryyear, at a rate of 4½a day, and can offerentryto about 40% of them. In theory, the succes s of an applic ant should not depend on the few others chosen random ly for interv iew during the same day, but Dr Simons ohn and Dr Gino suspec ted the truthwas otherw ise.They studie d the result s of 9,323 MBA intervi ewsconducted by 31 admissi onsoffice rs. The intervi ewer s had ratedapplic antson a scaleof one to five. This scaletook numero us factors, includi ng communi cati on skills, person al drive, team-workin g abilit y and person al accomp lishm ents,into consid erati on. The scores from this rating were then used in conjun ction with an applic ant’sscoreon the Gradua te Manage mentAdmiss ion Test, or GMAT, a standa rdise d exam whichis marked out of 800 points, to make a decisi on on whethe r to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino discoveredthat their hunch was right. If the scoreof the previous candid ate in a dailyseries of interv i ewee s was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the scorefor the next applic ant woulddrop by an averag e of 0.075 points. This mightsoundsmall,but to undo the effect s of such a decrea se a candid ate wouldneed 30 more GMAT points than wouldotherw ise have been necess ary.As for why people behave this way, Dr Simonsohn proposes that after a ccepti ng a number of strong candid ates, interv i ewer s might form the illogi c al expect ation that a weaker candid a te “is due”. Altern ative ly, he suggest s that interv i ewers may be engagi ng in mental accoun tingthat simpli fiesthe task of mainta ining a givenlong-term accept ancerate, by trying to applythis rate to each dailygroupof candid ates. Regard lessof the reason, if this sort of thinki ng proves to have a simila r effect on the judgme nts of thosein otherfields, such as law and medici ne, it couldbe respon sible for far worsethings than the reject ion of qualif ied busine ss-school candid ates.中文翻译西蒙森博士和吉诺博士从其他实验室的研究中得知，总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
2013年考研英语(二)真题原文、详尽解析
2013年考研英语(二)真题原文、详尽解析2013年真题原文In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out inwhatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U. S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be change—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate ___ .[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to ___ .[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ___ .[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is ___ .[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadA century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folkslooking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio”, birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in oneplace and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who ___ .[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily[D] find permanent jobs overseas27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ___ .[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adapted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want ___ .[A] financial incentives[B] a global recognition[C] opportunities to get regular jobs[D] the freedom to stay and leave29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ___ .[A] as faithful partners[B] with economic favors[C] with legal tolerance[D] as mighty rivals30.The most appropriate title for this text would be ___ .[A] Come and Go: Big Mistake[B] Living and Thriving : Great Risk[C] Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake[D] With or Without : Great RiskScientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may ___ .[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ___ .[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should ___ .[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ___ .[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced’’ study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ___ .[A] tolerant [B] uncertain [C] optimistic [D] doubtfulEurope is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior managementdecisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women —up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration.I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position —no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally ___ .[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ___ .[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ___ .[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of ___ .[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness [C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ___ .[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”21.答案： A【考点】例证题【正确项精解】第一段冒号后为笑话（joke）的具体内容，冒号前about后接的宾语从句说明了笑话的相关信息：现代纺织厂自动化的程度（automated）。
2013考研英语全文翻译
2013考研英语全文翻译2013 Text12006年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb扮演的Miranda Priestly,，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。
时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与Elizabeth Cline对“快餐时尚”的这三年的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。
在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像Zara，H&M，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。
更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。
这些商标煽动那些关心样式的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品，而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部更新店面的衣服。
Cline认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。
这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。
对于H&M来说，为其全球2300家分店提供一个5.95美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。
《过度装扮》是时尚界对像Michael Pollan 的The Omnivore’s Dilemma这样的消费者权益维护者的畅销书的回答。
“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline认为。
她还发现，美国人一年大概要买200亿件衣物-平均每人64件一年-不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。
在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Beaumont,从2008年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。
但是像Cline记录的那样，Beaumont花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。
2013年 考研英语阅读历年真题翻译
在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。
当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。
在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。
他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。
这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。
从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。
但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。
他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。
1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。
2013年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2012年6月16日The Economist《经济学人》，原文标题是A question of judgment(《判断上的一个问题》)的文章。
本文对“作决定时不考虑背景因素是优势”这一传统观点提出异议。
文章第一段先扬后抑，由Dr.Uri Simonsohn指出，这种优势有可能是劣势。
他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响，无法做出客观判断，并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。
第二段Dr.Simonsohn进一步通过大学招生程序，来验证自己的观点。
针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点，提出怀疑。
第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。
第四段Dr.Simonsoho分析了面试的结果，他指出面试官给面试者打分的时候，容易受到之前面试者的分数影响，验证了自己的观点。
二、试题解析1.[A]grants赋予，授予[B]submits服从，提交[C]transmits传输，发射[D]delivers传递【答案】A【考点】动词搭配【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引导定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。
B选项submit“服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit“传输，发射”，也不能与ability搭配，D选项deliver“传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。
A,C,D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。
A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。
故答案选A。
2.[A]minor次要的[B]external外部的[C]crucial残酷的[D]objective客观的【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+形容词辨析【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。
2013年考研英语真题二全文翻译
2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题全文翻译Section I 全文翻译鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。
第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。
第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。
第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。
而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。
第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。
我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。
这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。
要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。
此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。
人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。
Section II Reading ComprehensionText1全文翻译亚当•戴维森《在美国制造》一文中提到南部种棉地区的一个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织厂自动化的程度：如今的普通工厂只有两个雇员，“一个人外加一条狗。
人是负责喂狗的，狗则是为了让人不要靠近机器的。
”目前，我们的失业率为何居高不下、中产阶级收入为何下降，其实也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的发展。
13年考研英语一翻译及大小作文
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）翻译来源：万学教育发布时间：2013-01-05 17:36:55【阅读： 288次】2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)mostof us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A46. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。
完整word版2013 年考研英语二真题汇总阅读中文翻译
2013：Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,”only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it isvery ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days ofloat-it takes several days ___11___ acheck is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else's accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justi.fication19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailPart AText 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averageli.festyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won't earn you what it used to.It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there's been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average li.festyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had nointention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today's birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with legal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, i.f we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; i.f we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. i.f we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. i.f we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what di.fferentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ''study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don't like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding's reluctance-and her frustration. I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as i.f a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.i.f appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children's caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union's intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding's call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indi.fference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part B[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good foodwith living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants' at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned outand his drinking became serious. The community mental health team saved my li.fe. And I feltlike that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing. Now he's living in acouncil flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can -here are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping listsfor your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast,lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It'salso a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And i.f you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine isfilled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but i.fyou have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to go off' willbe cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking i.f they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses andfish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to aset lunch at a good restaurant -￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21 - more than enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ￡16.95 there - or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.翻译：I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened inthe news and even the day of the week, I've been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does –try to put it to one side. I don't think it's harder for me just because my memoryis clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall theday my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day –they both just pop intomy mind in the same way.从过去的53年里随便找出一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是星期几。
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译注释：未来总是隐藏在迷雾中，借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史，尤其在工业化和信息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后果之后，注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍的未来学。
人类的未来如何，甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪甚至下个十年，争议一直不断，但我始终相信一点，在明天，在黑暗之后，太阳照常升起the sun rises as usual。
我在本文翻译中大量使用了意译，并在后面给出了直译，强烈提示，意译是一种很高的翻译技巧，按照考研判分的标准，如果采用意译，基本可以肯定是要么满分要么零分，如果自己的水平没有足够的把握，绝不要轻易使用。
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives offulfillment and opportunity for all.曾经，人类的未来似乎一片光明（意译，直译为前景辽阔，蒸蒸日上，只是发展各异）。
科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾，满足需求，提供契机。
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.然而如今梦想已成灰（utopia乌托邦，unfashionable过时的），我们要面对的是更可怕的现实，彗星撞地球、重度流感，甚至气候变更。
2013年考研外语阅读理解全文 翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。
该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。
说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to seeclothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么 The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。
2013考研英语二真题全文翻译答案解析超详细讲解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中they也指代men and women，他们有liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
A 项perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的the poor farm kid 和the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。
2013考研英语一翻译真题
2013考研英语⼀翻译真题翻译真题46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.⼤⼩作⽂真题Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessaryYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEETDo not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments。
2013年考研英语一答案：翻译（大家版）
46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by thehomeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardensspeak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creativeexpression. 当⼀个⼈看到由⽆家可归之⼈所建的花园的照⽚时，他会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们仍反映了⼈们除了装饰以及创造性表达之外的各种其他基本需求。
47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctlyhuman need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need. ⼀⽅神圣的净⼟，不管它有多么简陋，它都是⼈类必不可少的。
它跟巢⽳截然不同，巢⽳只是满⾜了动物的需求。
48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce form in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. ⽆家可归者的花园的确是⽆迹可寻，它是寄形于城市中的⼀⽚即不存在也⽆从寻觅的花园。
49 . Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. ⼈⼀旦失去了花园，没有了花草树⽊，⼤多会陷⼊精神萎靡的状态，还常常以为是内⼼在作祟。
2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2013年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1在2006年电影版的《时尚女魔头》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普扮演的米兰达·普雷斯丽责备她其貌不扬的女助手，因为她认为高端时尚并不能影响到自己。
普雷斯丽说明了她助手的深蓝色毛衣如何在数年间从时尚秀场降到百货商店，又沦为便宜货。
毫无疑问，这个贫穷的女孩肯定就是从便宜货里淘的衣服。
这种自上而下的时尚商业观早已过时了，也和伊丽莎白·克莱因在《过度穿着》中描写的狂热世界不一致。
《过度穿着》是伊丽莎白·克莱因花了三年时间写成的对“快时尚”的控诉作品。
在过去十年左右的时间，技术的进步已经使得诸如Zara、H&M、优衣库之类的大众市场品牌能够对流行趋势反应得更快，并能更准确的预料到消费者的需求。
更快的转变意味着更少的存货浪费、更频繁的发布新品、更高的利润。
这些品牌鼓励对时尚敏感的消费者把衣服当成是一次性用品——洗过一两次后就不再穿了，尽管他们没在广告上明说——然后每几周就更新衣橱。
克莱因说，这些品牌通过以极其低廉的价格销售时髦的商品，已经把持了时尚的周期，动摇了一个习惯以季节为周期的产业。
当然，这场变革的受害者，不仅仅是设计师们。
为了能在其全世界2300多家商店里以5.95美元的价格出售超短裙，H&M必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力、大批量采购原材料导致严重危害自然资源、并大量使用有害的化学物质。
《过度穿着》就仿佛是时尚界交给像迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一样的消费者维权畅销书的答案。
“大批量生产的服装，就好像快餐一样，充满着渴望和需求，却既不耐用也不经济”，克莱因说到。
她发现，美国人每年要买大约200亿件服装——平均每人64件——无论他们捐赠多少，这种无节制的购买行为都导致浪费。
在《过度穿着》的结尾，克莱因介绍了她的理想典范，一个叫萨拉·凯特·博蒙特的布鲁克林女人，她从2008年起就自己做所有的衣服，而且做得相当漂亮。
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
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2013 Text12006 年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb 扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly,说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。
Elizabeth Cline 对“快餐时尚”的这三年时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与Zara，的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。
在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像H&M ，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。
更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。
这些商标煽动那些关心样式而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品，更新店面的衣服。
Cline 认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。
H&M这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。
对于来说，为其全球2300 家分店提供一个 5.95 美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。
Michael Pollan 的《过度装扮》是时尚界对像The Omnivore 's Dilemma 这样的消费者权益维护者的畅销书的回答。
“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline 认为。
她还发现，美国人一年大概要买64 件一年-200 亿件衣物-平均每人不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。
在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline 介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Cline年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。
但是像从2008 Beaumont,记录的那Beaumont样，花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。
H&M包括虽然许多快餐式时尚公司已经努力控制对劳动力和环境的消极影响，公司的绿色循环生产线，Cline 依然相信只有消费者的改变才能对此产生长久的改变。
她提出对于多数可持续发展（不论是对于食物和能量）的支持者都同有的理想。
浮华在继续着；只有在被逼无奈之下人们在消费时才会考虑到可持续性。
Version 描述，说法，叙述，解释，译文，版本scold 责骂，斥责Sweat 汗水衬衫descend 下降，遗传，屈尊bargain 交易，契约讨价还价vgarment Conception管理严密的Top-down不一致at odds with狂热Feverish控告，起诉书Indictment react占领Anticipate精确Precisely disposable wardrobe hijackaccustomedDurableExcess 过量，不节制Consume-activist 消费者权益维护者Bestsellers 畅销书Ideal 典范Craft技术，飞行器，手艺Knock off忽略Curb 减少，抑制AdvocateVanity 浮华，虚荣型，无价值的东西Text2一个流传很久的言论这样描述：所有广告预算的一半都是被浪费的——让人困惑的是，没人知道到底是其中的哪一半。
在如今的网络时代，至少在理论上，这个分数是减少很多了，远远低于二分之一。
通过研究人们的在线搜索路径，点击路径以及留言记录，公司将“行为分析”广告对准那些特定的最有购买可能的潜在用户。
翻译的不错those mostly to buy最近几周，对广告商获取用户如此精细信息的确切意义的解释说明有一个争论：广告商是否应该假定人们对自己被追踪并被发送行为研究广告是乐意的？或者说他们是否应该取?得明确的批准）计划对浏览器添加一个FTC年12 月，美国联邦贸易委员会（2010 ）“私密浏览”（DNT微软的这样用户可以告知广告商他们不想被追踪。
Internet Explorer和苹果的的选项，SafariFTC 都支持这个计划；谷歌的和Chrome 也在本按理应该在本年度设施这个计划。
在二月，DNT ）同意产业会继续响应数字广告联盟（DAA 的要求。
3 月31 日，微软浮现出这样一个争论事件：基于Win8 版本的Internet Explorer10 将不。
DNT 会有广告商将如何回应还并不清晰。
提供一个DNT 按钮并没有迫使任何公司停止跟踪，即使其中一些公司保证不会那样做。
无法辨别人们是否有厂商强烈反对行为研究广告，或他们DNT 按钮，无所顾忌的点击。
是否会和微软的违约站在一起，总有人会忽略现在任不明确为什么微软会这样单干。
毕竟，它也是有广告业务的，关于这些它答应过会遵从DNT 的要求，但他们任在着手于如何实施。
微软可能是想要扰乱几乎完全依赖于这对于win8 来说，DNT 不是一个明显的卖点——即使微软之前已经种违约变为常态的谷歌。
Brendon Lynch ，发博客这样说：顺利的与谷歌比较了其他产品的价值。
微软的首席隐私官“我相信消费者应该有更多的控制。
”能像说的那样简单吗？fraction 分数；部分；小部分quarrel 吵架；争论；挑剔；争吵的原因fine-grained 精细的；细粒的；细密纹理的illustrate 阐明；举例说明；图解；举例track 轨道；足迹；小道；追踪；通过explicit 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的be due to 按期；解决；按理该做某事get cracking on 继续row 行，排；吵闹default 不履行，不参加 ...；违约；缺席；缺乏；拖欠oblige 迫使；；要求；强制；赐；帮忙comply 遵守；顺从；遵从；答应favourably 有利地；顺利地；赞成地；好意地Text3直到最近的几十年前，我们对未来的愿景主要还是强烈的乐观，尽管不可能是一致的。
科学和技术将会治好人类所有的疾病，使人类能经历所有的满足和机会。
现在乌托邦已经被人们遗弃，因为我们已经对我们面临威胁的幅度有深刻的领会，从小行星撞地球到大范围流感再到气候变化。
你甚至可能会设想人类并没有多少未来可以期待。
化石显示众多的物种已经存活了几百万年——那但是这样的黑暗沮丧的想法是错误的。
么为什么我们不能？以一个更广阔的视野在世界的角度上观察一下我们人类，事实会变得清晰——我们有极好的机会再幸存几十百年，甚至几十千年。
在国际自然保护组织（IUCN ）发布的关于受威胁物种的“红名单”上寻找人类，你会发现这些表述：“人类被列为最低关注，因为人类在全球广泛的分布，适应性极强，目前处于增长阶段，同时，并没有导致人类全部人口下降的主要威胁。
那么我们深远的未来将会怎么持续？现在越来越多的研究者和组织在认真思考这个问题。
比如，恒今基金已经完成了它的旗舰项目，一个数千年后都能记录时间的医学钟。
这种久远的时间度量是舒适的。
大概是人的意愿使然，相比于想象不久的未来，当今科最好的方法可能是将这些问题留给科幻小说技的潜在进展及其社会影响是非常复杂难懂的，这就是我们发行Arc 的一家和未来学家，让他们来探索发现许多未来我们会遇到的可能性。
是一个新的专注于最近未来的期刊。
Arc 个原因，将有大量的我们可以确切讲述的。
就是这样，但是，拉长我们的视野，过去掌握着未来它们形成了我们星球，物种的历史，的关键：至今我们已经确定了足够多的长期模式，对于未来能做有依据的预测，那个时候我们的后代会亲身经历。
但事实上，这些长远的透视让这些对未来消极的看法显得如此过时。
未来也不是完全美并改善我们子孙好的。
但是我们现在的知识足够降低那些曾威胁过早起期人类生存的风险，后代的命运。
Text3强烈的glowingly统一的；一致uniformly黑暗；沮丧gloominess保护conversation adv.总的来说，全部地全部的；全体的；一切在内的overall潜在的potential正视；面对；想象envisagededicate 致力；献身assurance保证；担保；保险；确信；无耻descendant派生的；世袭的；后代perspective 透视prospect 前途；预期；景色；vt./vi. 勘探，找矿pessimistic 悲观的；厌世的；悲观主义的fad 时尚；一时流行的狂热rosy 乐观的；美好的；玫瑰红的lot 命运Text4这周一，在投票中最高法院五比三淘汰了亚利桑那州移民法的大多数条款-对于奥巴马8-0 的失败，因政府来说算是一个政治胜利。
但是站在更高的宪法层面上，这个决定是一个为行政机关试图打乱联邦政府和州政府的权利平衡。
大多数人推翻了亚利桑那州饱受争议的计划中有争论的条款的四分在美国亚利桑那州，宪法传达了这样的原则：之三，这项计划就是推动国家和地区的警察强制实行联邦的移民法。
只有华盛顿有“制定统一国籍准入制度”的权利，还有就是联邦法律高于州法是毫无争议的。
亚利桑那州已经尝试去改革那些趋同于已有联邦法律的州法律。
还有法院的自由党员，裁定州已经太于逼John Roberts Anthony Kennedy 法官，大法官近联邦了。
对于多数人反对的条款，过会已经“稳住了”，亚利桑那州也因此加强了联邦的特权。
这是因为国然而，法官说，亚利桑那州的警察可以用核实那些影响执法的合法公民的身份。
会一直展望连结联邦与州的移民执法，并明确鼓励州政府官员与联邦同时合作分享信息。
，他们同意宪法的三个持反对意见的法官其中的两个是Clarence ThomasSamuel Alito 和逻辑，但是认同亚利桑那州的与联邦身份冲突的规则。
其中最重要的反对来自Antonin Scalia,他认为应该进行一个更加坚定的抵抗——美国各州应该再次拥有外侨和煽动叛乱法案那时的特权。
Alito 法官在他的反对中的描述“一个对于联这次对于总统奥巴马的八人全反对取决于邦行政权力的震撼性主张”。
白宫发言说，亚利桑那州的法律与联邦的执法优先权是有冲突事实上，白宫是在说它只要它不同意，它就能的，即使在字面上看起来州法是遵循国法的。
让任何即使是正规的州法无效。
一些权力是专属于联邦政府的，包括对公民权与边境管理控制。
但是如果国会想要阻止州利用自己的办法检查移民身份，它的确可以这样做。
但是它没有。
政府行政机关实际上是所以州政府也不能。
在释放这样的信息：因为政府没有想要实施国会的移民意愿，法官们都是在反对这个不同寻常的要求。
管理；经营；行政机关；政府administration宪法constitution推翻；倾覆；破坏overturn供给规定；条款；准备；供应品；provision vt.争辩；提出质疑；争论；争夺contest有争议的controversial领先；优于；高于precede加强；闯入；侵入 ...intrude 把国会congress核实；查证；证实；证明verify地位；状态；情形；身份status执行；实施；强制enforcement明确的；明白的explicitly冲突；矛盾；斗争；争执conflict强健的；粗鲁的robust特权；优待；基本权利privilege断言；声明；主张；要求；坚持assertion行政的；经营的；执行的；总经理；执行者executive优先；优先权；优先考虑的事priority使无效、无价值invalidate合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的；使合法；认为正当legitimate 唯一地；专有地；排外地exclusively本质；实质；精华essence。