考研英语 (3)

考研英语英译汉历年真题详解Unit 1(1994年)翻译题解：71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.第二、句子主干结构是：not so much through... as because of...与其……倒不如……因为not so much... as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through 的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。

第三、词的处理：the insights of great men of genius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中应该倒过来，即从后往前翻译为：天才伟人的真知灼见。

more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

they say插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首。

〔参考译文〕他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction. 第二、句子主干结构是：1)系表结构：the scientific revolution... was largely...2) that引导的定语从句，先行词是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments第三、词的处理：In short 简而言之the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments (词性转换)一系列器具的改进、发明和使用expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直译：在难以计数的方向扩大了科学的范围〔参考译文〕新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。

73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation / have largely been ignored / by historians and philosophers of science.第二、句子主干结构是一个简单的被动语态句：tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ...主语部分有一个themselves反身代词as a source of fundamental innovation介词短语做定语第三、词的处理：Over the years 多年来philosophers of science 科学思想家们〔参考译文〕工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Galileo's greatest glory was / that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens / to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.第二、句子主干结构是：1)系表结构Galileo's greatest glory was that...2)不定式短语作定语结构the first person to turn...3)动词+宾语从句作目的状语to prove that...第三、词的处理：turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens (介词on译成动词)把新发明的望远镜对准天空rather than 而不是〔参考译文〕伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。

75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa / often depends on the issue / of which is seen as the driving force.第二、句子主干结构是：1)表示选择意思的从句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……还是……作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是depends on the issue2)of which是宾语the issue的定语从句。

第三、词的处理：increase the financing of pure science 增加对纯理论科学的经费投入at the expense of technology 减少对技术经费的投入the driving force 动力，驱动力量〔参考译文〕政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

Unit 2(1995年)翻译题解：71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, / critics divert attention from the fault / that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 第二、句子主干结构是：简单句加for引导的原因状语。

后面的that引导的是定语从句。

第三、词的处理The target 根据上下文，这里特指标准化测试divert attention from 原义是把注意力引开，引申为没有注意到lieswith在于ill-informed 不甚了解incompetent users(词性转换)使用不当〔参考译文〕把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted第二、句子主干结构是：1)How well...引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well 是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语2)depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on... 3) the information used是名词+定语4)with which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information 第三、词的处理：be validated by 为……所证实depends upon 取决于reliability 可靠性appropriateness 适应性interpreted 解释〔参考译文〕这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。