SAPPP模块业务功能应用考试
SAP PP中MRP区域功能应用与测试
MRP区域功能测试1.MRP区域 (2)1.1 MRP区域概述 (2)1.2“库存地点级”MRP区域 (3)1.2.1“库存地点级”MRP区域后台配置 (4)1.2.2“库存地点级”MRP区域主数据设置 (9)1.2.3“库存地点级”MRP区域运行结果 (15)1.3“外协供应商”MRP区域 (18)1.3.1“外协供应商”MRP区域后台配置 (18)1.3.2“外协供应商”MRP区域主数据设置 (21)1.3.3“外协供应商”MRP区域运行结果 (25)1.MRP区域1.1 MRP区域概述MRP区域定义：从名称上解释即执行MRP的范围；这个概念在SAP系统中是天然存在的，并非由于人为配置才产生的。
在默认情况下，SAP系统中的每一个工厂（Plant）就是一个MRP区域；假设在系统中配置了三个工厂，那么就代表了系统中已经存在有三个MRP区域。
MRP区域的作用：通俗地讲，可以将每个MRP区域看成是一个需要自给自足、新陈代谢的小社会。
比如在默认情况下，将每个工厂作为是一个小社会。
工厂与工厂之间需求和供给都是隔离开来的；每一个需求，如计划独立需求，销售订单需求必须指明到工厂一级，而在MRP运行时，每个工厂进行独立运行，各自计算需求与供给。
假设1101工厂有一笔2000kg的需求，那么1101工厂就会用生产或者采购的方法来满足这笔需求；而此时，1105工厂一张2000kg的生产订单是不能满足1101工厂的需求，只有当1101工厂内部产生库存转移预留，将1105工厂2000kg产品转移到1101工厂下，这个需求才算满足；以上所讲的是工厂之间分别计算的问题。
在默认情况下，MRP只考虑将每个工厂各自的供给各自的需求，这就是MRP 区域的作用。
此外，可用性检查也之能在MRP区域内部进行。
在默认状态下，1105工厂的库存显然满足不了1101工厂的需求，1101工厂执行可用性检查时，1105工厂的库存、生产能力都不被考虑在内。
SAP PP 试题
SAP PP 培训考题
姓名：得分：一、判断题（1分/题，总计10分）
二、不定项选择（3分/题共30分）
三、填空题（1分/空共10分）
1、控制一个物料是否反冲可以在（）和（）进行设置
2、订单创建后，需要（）才能做后续的发料，报工，收货等动作
3、设置一个组件的默认发料库存可以在（）和（）和（）进行设置
4、刚创建的未下达的生产订单，做完技术关闭后，是从（）状态变为（）状态
5、控制一个物料是否是虚拟键，需要在主数据中设置（）为（）
四、问答题（共50分）
1、PP方面的主数据主要有哪些（4分）
2、简述生产订单的基本流程（6分）
3画出完整的MRP流程图（10分）
4、SAP系统中生产相关的损耗率都有哪些？分别说明其作用，并针对以下情况计算原材料的需求用量：假设一个原材料，它自己本身的部件损耗率为2%，而其上阶的组装装配率为3%，假设其上阶成品的独立需求为100，其上阶的供给为0，生产1件成品需要1件原材料，没有其他批量约束条件，运行MRP后，原材料的需求数量为？（10分）
5、请用图表示出生产的组织层次关系，请说明生产组织层次的作用（10分）
6画图阐述基于重订货点计划的原理，并计算：如果一个物料的MRP类型为VB，重订货点位100，安全库存为8，当前供给为10，存在相关需求200，批量设为HB，最大库存1000，运行MRP后系统产生的订货建议是多少？（10分）
附加题（10分）
1、请分别阐述策略40以及策略50。
SAP PP顾问模拟面试题
大家好我是朗泽教育就业顾问Sue，近期部分PP模块学员将要参加模拟面试，希望我们提供一些参考考题，我从题库中抽取了一些给大家参考。
1、生产订单构成有哪些？
2、文件类型、订单类型有什么差别？
3、什么是商品的问题发布？
4、工程更改管理的目的是什么？
5、哪些PP对象可以使用工厂更改管理？
6、哪些类型的铅调度实施调度提供？
7、什么是共同的产品？
8、需求管理的目的是什么？
9、解释下MRP的组之间、组策略、策略和需求类的关系。
10、需求类中有哪些定制（PP与SD端）？
这些题目是作为历届学员提供的面试真题，有一定参考价值，希望能够帮到学员们，更多有关SAP模块面试题在朗泽教育官网。
SAPPP模块业务功能应用测试
PP业务功能测试日期：2008-01-301.主数据 (6)1.1物料主数据 (6)1.1.1物料—MRP1 (6)1.1.2物料—MRP2 (8)1.1.3物料—MRP3 (11)1.1.4物料—MRP4 (13)1.1.5物料—分类 (15)1.1.6物料—会计视图 (15)1.1.7物料—成本视图 (17)1.2BOM主数据 (18)1.2.1简单BOM (18)1.2.2多重BOM (21)1.2.3变式BOM (23)1.2.4BOM的损耗（废品）率 (33)1.3工作中心 (35)1.3.1工作中心基本数据视图 (36)1.3.2工作中心缺省值视图 (37)1.3.4工作中心调度视图 (39)1.4工艺路线 (46)1.4.1工艺路线“抬头信息”创建 (46)1.4.1 工艺路线中工序的创建 (47)1.4.2 顺序 (49)1.4.3 组件分配 (51)1.4.4 拆分工序 (53)1.5成本中心 (53)1.5.1成本中心主数据创建－KS01 (53)1.5.2成本要素主数据创建-KA06 (54)1.5.3作业类型主数据创建-KL01 (55)1.5.4成本中心作业类型价格计划-KP26 (57)1.5.5成本中心-成本要素/作业类型价格计划-KP06 (59)2.计划与需求 (62)2.1计划策略 (62)2.1.1计划策略—10（按库存生产） (62)2.1.2计划策略—11(按库存生产/总需求计划) (67)2.1.3计划策略—20（按订单生产） (70)2.1.4计划策略—40（具有最终组装的计划） (90)2.1.5计划策略—52（没有按库存生产和最后组装进行计划） (99)2.1.6计划策略—63（带计划物料但无定货生产的计划） (103)2.1.7计划策略—70（在装配层次进行计划） (108)2.2销售运作计划（SOP） (112)2.2.1同步销售 (113)2.2.2目标库存水平 (115)2.2.3目标日供应量 (116)2.2.4将SOP数据传输到计划独立需求 (118)2.3可用性检查 (121)2.3.1物料可用性检查 (121)2.4.1单项单层运行MRP (125)2.4.1.1单项单层运行单层BOM (126)2.4.1.2单项多层运行多层BOM (128)2.4.2单项多层运行MRP (131)2.4.2.1单项多层运行单层BOM (131)2.4.2.2单项多层运行多层BOM (134)3.生产控制 (138)3.1计划订单单一转换 (138)3.1.1计划订单单一转换为采购申请 (138)3.1.2计划订单单一转换为生产订单 (140)3.2计划订单集中转换 (148)3.2.1计划订单集中转换为采购申请 (149)3.2.2计划订单集中转换为生产订单 (151)3.3计划订单手工干预 (154)3.4工序外协处理 (160)3.4.1创建工序外协的信息记录 (160)3.4.2将计划订单转为生产订单并更改生产订单中的控制码 (163)3.4.3对外协工序发料 (166)3.4.4对外协工序收货 (168)3.4.5查看生产订单中工序外协对应的成本 (172)3.5订单组件发料 (174)3.6订单组件变更 (177)3.7订单工序变更 (178)3.8订单工序报工 (180)3.8.1单独确认CO11N (180)3.8.2集中确认CO12 (181)3.9订单组件退料 (182)3.10工序报工撤销 (184)3.11维修订单处理 (186)4.生产成本控制 (194)4.1物料成本核算的后台配置 (194)4.1.1定义成本构成结构 (194)4.1.2 定义成本构成核算变式 (195)4.1.3 计算物料的标准成本 (198)4.2制造订单（PP）的成本核算变式 (200)4.3检查订单类型 (202)4.4定义订单成本估算的缺省值 (205)4.5定义订单交货的货物接收评估 (205)4.6期末结算-在制品 (205)4.6.1定义利润分析码 (205)4.6.2定义在产品计算的成本要素 (206)4.6.3定义结果分析版本 (206)4.6.4定义实际评估方法 (207)4.6.5定义行标识 (208)4.6.6定义分配 (208)4.6.7定义更新 (208)4.6.8定义结算在产品的记帐规则 (209)4.7期末结算-差异计算 (209)4.7.1定义差异码 (209)4.7.2定义每一工厂的差异码 (209)4.7.3检查差异变式 (210)4.7.4定义目标成本版本 (210)5.其他功能 (212)5.1BOM替换 (212)5.1.1BOM组件的替换 (213)5.2物料反冲 (228)5.3成品自动入库 (233)5.4批次管理 (237)1.主数据1.1物料主数据1.1.1物料—MRP1业务说明：MRP1视图对应的组织级别为工厂级，该视图显示的为计划数据，需要运行MRP 的物料必须维护此视图。
SAP-PP模块业务功能应用测试
PP业务功能测试日期：2008-01-301.主数据 (6)1.1物料主数据 (6)1.1.1物料—MRP1 (6)1.1.2物料—MRP2 (8)1.1.3物料—MRP3 (11)1.1.4物料—MRP4 (13)1.1.5物料—分类 (15)1.1.6物料—会计视图 (15)1.1.7物料—成本视图 (17)1.2BOM主数据 (18)1.2.1简单BOM (18)1.2.2多重BOM (21)1.2.3变式BOM (23)1.2.4BOM的损耗（废品）率 (33)1.3工作中心 (35)1.3.1工作中心基本数据视图 (36)1.3.2工作中心缺省值视图 (37)1.3.4工作中心调度视图 (39)1.4工艺路线 (46)1.4.1工艺路线“抬头信息”创建 (46)1.4.1 工艺路线中工序的创建 (47)1.4.2 顺序 (49)1.4.3 组件分配 (51)1.4.4 拆分工序 (53)1.5成本中心 (53)1.5.1成本中心主数据创建－KS01 (53)1.5.2成本要素主数据创建-KA06 (54)1.5.3作业类型主数据创建-KL01 (55)1.5.4成本中心作业类型价格计划-KP26 (57)1.5.5成本中心-成本要素/作业类型价格计划-KP06 (59)2.计划与需求 (62)2.1计划策略 (62)2.1.1计划策略—10（按库存生产） (62)2.1.2计划策略—11(按库存生产/总需求计划) (67)2.1.3计划策略—20（按订单生产） (70)2.1.4计划策略—40（具有最终组装的计划） (90)2.1.5计划策略—52（没有按库存生产和最后组装进行计划） (99)2.1.6计划策略—63（带计划物料但无定货生产的计划） (103)2.1.7计划策略—70（在装配层次进行计划） (108)2.2销售运作计划（SOP） (112)2.2.1同步销售 (113)2.2.2目标库存水平 (115)2.2.3目标日供应量 (116)2.2.4将SOP数据传输到计划独立需求 (118)2.3可用性检查 (121)2.3.1物料可用性检查 (121)2.4.1单项单层运行MRP (125)2.4.1.1单项单层运行单层BOM (126)2.4.1.2单项多层运行多层BOM (128)2.4.2单项多层运行MRP (131)2.4.2.1单项多层运行单层BOM (131)2.4.2.2单项多层运行多层BOM (134)3.生产控制 (138)3.1计划订单单一转换 (138)3.1.1计划订单单一转换为采购申请 (138)3.1.2计划订单单一转换为生产订单 (140)3.2计划订单集中转换 (148)3.2.1计划订单集中转换为采购申请 (149)3.2.2计划订单集中转换为生产订单 (151)3.3计划订单手工干预 (154)3.4工序外协处理 (160)3.4.1创建工序外协的信息记录 (160)3.4.2将计划订单转为生产订单并更改生产订单中的控制码 (163)3.4.3对外协工序发料 (166)3.4.4对外协工序收货 (168)3.4.5查看生产订单中工序外协对应的成本 (172)3.5订单组件发料 (174)3.6订单组件变更 (177)3.7订单工序变更 (178)3.8订单工序报工 (180)3.8.1单独确认CO11N (180)3.8.2集中确认CO12 (181)3.9订单组件退料 (182)3.10工序报工撤销 (184)3.11维修订单处理 (186)4.生产成本控制 (194)4.1物料成本核算的后台配置 (194)4.1.1定义成本构成结构 (194)4.1.2 定义成本构成核算变式 (195)4.1.3 计算物料的标准成本 (198)4.2制造订单（PP）的成本核算变式 (200)4.3检查订单类型 (202)4.4定义订单成本估算的缺省值 (205)4.5定义订单交货的货物接收评估 (205)4.6期末结算-在制品 (205)4.6.1定义利润分析码 (205)4.6.2定义在产品计算的成本要素 (206)4.6.3定义结果分析版本 (206)4.6.4定义实际评估方法 (207)4.6.5定义行标识 (208)4.6.6定义分配 (208)4.6.7定义更新 (208)4.6.8定义结算在产品的记帐规则 (209)4.7期末结算-差异计算 (209)4.7.1定义差异码 (209)4.7.2定义每一工厂的差异码 (209)4.7.3检查差异变式 (210)4.7.4定义目标成本版本 (210)5.其他功能 (212)5.1BOM替换 (212)5.1.1BOM组件的替换 (213)5.2物料反冲 (228)5.3成品自动入库 (233)5.4批次管理 (237)1.主数据1.1物料主数据1.1.1物料—MRP1业务说明：MRP1视图对应的组织级别为工厂级，该视图显示的为计划数据，需要运行MRP 的物料必须维护此视图。
SAP学习PP 模块主要功能及基本业务流程
SAP学习PP 模块主要功能及基本业务流程朗泽教育SAP学习交流QQ群：347292513大家好我是朗泽教育的SAP PP顾问导师Jason，最近朗泽教育将会有个新开的PP培训班，不少学员在课前就一直在问PP模块到底是什么，有什么作用？这些在课上都会有详细的解释，今天就为那些想学PP模块的同学讲一讲PP的主要功能和基本业务流程。
主要功能：1、SOP （Sales and operations Planning）.2、资源分配计划划 (Distribution Resource Planning)3、生产计划编制 (Production Planning)4、物料需求计划（Material Requirements Planning）5、能力计划（Capacity Planning）6、重复制造 ( Repetitive Manutacturing)7、看板8、产品成本计划编制（Product Cost Planning）基本业务流程1、编制生产计划2、建立生产订单，通常，大部分生产订单是据计划订单建立的，这是MRP的标准方式，还可以手工输入一个产品或物料手工建立订单；3、下达生产定单，在处理生产订单之前必须先下达生产订单，一旦你把订单状态定制为下达，就可以打印车间文档，从库房发料并确认工序；4、打印车间文档（比如检料单）5、自库房发放物料，用领料单或材料单将物料自仓库发放到生产订单的线边仓；6、完工确认，为了将信息反馈给销售订单处理和车间计划人员，要确认生产订单各个工序的完工情况，完工确认采集各种重要的数据，如：生产数量、废品、生产时间和完成日期，完工确认清除能力负荷并为生产成本控制采集数据，确认的人工工时，可以转换到系统的人力资源模块；7、结算生产订单，结算生产订单指结清实际发生的成本同自货物接受订单收到的贷记金额之间的差异，结算订单体现了SAP系统生产与控制的紧密集成，通常在生产订单完成之后或月末结算之前结算生产订单。
SAP+PP模块考试试题
SAP+PP模块考试试题SAP PP模块考试试题一、填空题(每空1分，共计20分)1、工艺路线是一系列工序，说明了产品生产或加工零件的工艺过程及所使用的资源。
在工艺路线中可以对每个工序指定工作中心。
工艺路线对作业计划、能力计划、生成车间文件及产品成本提供了重要的信息。
2、对于生产计划与控制、物料、物料单(BOMS)、工艺路线(RoutingS)和工作中心(work center)是不可缺少的对象。
3、物料主数据的三个屏幕画面分别称为: 屏幕画面、屏幕画面、、屏幕画面。
4、在SAP R/3系统中创建一张生产订单，需要对物料主数据维护那些视图:基本数据1、基本数据2、、。
5、在MRP2视图中，自制件“采购类型”字段维护为: 、外购件“采购类型”字段维护为: 、即可以自制又可以外购“采购类型”字段维护为: 。
6、在MRP3视图中，当我想设置该物料为净需求(即纯按单生产时)，“策略组”、“消耗模式”字段维护为: 、“消耗期间:逆向”字段维护字段维护为: 为: 、“向前消耗期间”字段维护为: 。
在MRP1视图中，当我们想设置该物料按照重订货点的方式补充需求时，“MRP7、类型”字段应维护为: 、“批量”字段应维护为: 。
8、创建BOM的三个基本条件是:料号、、。
9、对工厂指派BOM的事务代码是: 。
10、逐层显示BOM的事务代码是: 。
二、单项选择题(每项2分，共计20分)1 在产品成本计算中，每个工厂必须有一个单独的( )。
A、评估范围 B、工厂 C、集团 D、存储位置2 ( )用于制造的基本组织单元。
A、成本中心B、工作中心C、工厂D、存储位置3 ( )物料类型即不需要价值更新，也不需要数量更新。
A、FERT C、ROH D、HALB D、NLAG 4 “5900062”物料要求即可以自制也可以外购，在MRP2视图->“采购类型”字段维护为( )。
A、空B、XC、ED、F 5 我们在实际采购和料耗过程中，往往涉及到单位转换问题，在SAP R/3系统中，单位转换关系维护在物料主档的( )屏幕湖面。
SAP PP 顾问认证考试试题及资料
w w w.er p do wn.co m Review Questions for PP1.Master DataOrganizational Structures•What are the various organizational structures in the R/3 System?•Which R/3 organizational structures are used primarily for PP?•What is the relation between controlling area, company code, valuation area, plant and storage locationMaterial Master•What is the purpose of different material master views?•Which views are available?•Which views are used primarily for PP?•What is the relationship between material master views and individual organizational structures?•How does the industry sector influence the material master maintenance?•How does the material type influence the material master maintenance?•What is the difference between external and internal number assignment and how is it set up in Customizing?•Which other factors can influence the selection of fields in the material master?•How can MRP profile and forecast profile be used to optimize material master maintenance?•How can a material master be reorganized (deleted/archived)?•Which units of measure can affect processing in the material master (base unit of measure, production unit, order unit, etc.)?•What is the material status used for and on which levels could it be maintained?•Review the usage of the following settings?- MRP group- MRP type- Reorder point- Planning time fence- MRP controller- Lot size- Procurement type- Special procurement type - Production storage location - Backflush flag- Stock determination group - Bulk material- Scheduling margin key- Safety stock- Strategy group- Consumption mode and consumption period - Availability checking group- Alternative selection flag- Dependent requirement flag for individual and collectiverequirements- Production scheduler- Production scheduling profile- Underdelivery/overdeliverytolerance- In-house production time (lot size dependent/independent)- Valuation class- Price control indicator- Moving average price/standard priceBills of Material•What is determined by BOM usage?•What technical types of BOM are available?•Can the technical type of a BOM be changed?•During which processes will BOM usage and status be considered? •When would it be useful to make use of a Group BOM?•What is meant by area of validity and effectivity of a BOM?•Which item categories are available and what are their specifications? •What is a sub-item?w w w.er p do wn.co m•Under which circumstances could a BOM be recursive and what the usage of the recursive indicator?•What is the usage of the following BOM settings?- Explosion type- Relevant to production - Relevant to costing - Material provision indicator - Bulk material- Production storage locationWork Centers•What is a work center category?•What data can be maintained on the various views (basic, default, capacity, scheduling, costing, etc.)?•What is the purpose of a standard value key?•What role does the operation control key play?What does referencing mean?•Why to use a work center hierarchy?What is a pooled capacity?•Analyze the usage of the following fields?- Backflush indicator- Capacity category- Formulas for determining capacity requirements- Rate of capacity utilization- Relevant to finite schedulingindicator- Overload - Formulas for scheduling- Location group (move time matrix) - Queue times (normal andminimum)- Cost center- Activity types- Formulas for costingRoutings•What does a routing define?•How is a routing structured?•What task list types are available in the R/3 System?•What is a routing group and group counter?•What is a routing sequence, and what types of sequence are available?•What could be reasons to use sequences?•What are the various options to assign materials to routings?•Under which conditions would it make sense to assign components to operations?•What is a reference operation set?•How could the lotsize-dependend inhouse production time be calculated and updated into the material master?Production Resources/Tools•What types of PRT are available?•What is the relationship between PRTs and a routing/operation?Engineering Change Management•What are the objectives of Engineering Change Management?•What is the significance of changes with a history?•Which PP objects can be managed using Engineering Change Management?•What is the purpose of an engineering change request/order?•How is a change master record structured?•What is a revision level compared to engineering change master?w w w.er p do wn.co mOther Issues•Which scheduling options are available, and how do they differ from each other?•Which time components are taken into account during scheduling?•How are basic order dates determined?•How are the scheduled dates determined?•Which scheduling types are available in lead time scheduling?•What role do reduction measures play in scheduling?•What types of scrap can be maintained in PP basic data and how would they be considered during MRP repectively scheduling?•What is external processing, and what conditions must be fulfilled before external processing can take place?•What are co-products?2.Production PlanningGeneral Issues•What are the various planning levels available in R/3 PP?•What are the dependencies between Sales and Operations Planning, Demand Management, Long-Term-Planning and Material Requirements Planning?Sales and Operations Planning•What is the purpose of Sales and Operations Planning?•What is the structure of product groups and how could they be used in SOP/DM/LTP/MRP?•What is the purpose of proportion factors and aggregation factors within product groups?•Which planning methods are available in SOP?•Which sources are available as input data for SOP?•Which options are available for creating a sales plan in SOP?•Which options are available for creating an operations plan in SOP?•What is ‘disaggregation’?•How could the result of SOP be passed on to different planning tools within the PP planning environment?Demand Management•What is the purpose of Demand Management?•At which points is Demand Management integrated with Sales and Distribution?•Explain the main strategies in Make-to-Stock as well as in Make-to-Order planning logic. Pay attention to master data settings.•What does consumption respectively reduction mean in the context of planning strategies?•What role does the individual/collective requirements indicator in the material master have during make-to-order production?•What is a stocking level, and how can it be influenced?•Which types of availability check are available (ATP and check against planning) and what are the characteristics of these checks?•Explain the link between MRP group, strategy group, strategy and requirement class.•What settings could be made in requirements classes (on PP as well as on SD side)?•Explain the purpose of version management in Demand Management?w w w.er p do wn.co mMaster Production Scheduling•Under which circumstances would you recommend the usage of MPS?•Compare the functionality of MPS with MRP?•What is meant by the ‘firming’ of procurement proposals, and how can this effect be achieved? •What is a planning time fence, and where is it defined?•What is a manual firming date, and where is it defined?•How can a planned order be ‘firmed’, and which firming indicators are available in a planned order?Material Requirements Planning•What is the purpose of MRP and how does it fit into the PP planning environment?•How would you organize MRP runs? Discuss the different options- MRP for a plant – online- MRP for a plant – in background- MRP for a material (individual planning) - online•Which planning types are available (NEUPL, NETCH, NETPL)?•Which planning parameters are to be set in the application itself?•What is the function of the planning file?•What is meant by single-level planning, multi-level planning?•What is meant by interactive MRP?•What are the characteristics of an MRP scenario that is performed in simulation mode? •What is meant by low-level code and how is it considered in MRP?•What is a net requirements calculation?•Which buffers can be taken into account for the net requirements calculation in MRP (quantity buffer: safety stock, time buffer: safety time)?•What does lot-size calculation entail?•Which lot-sizing procedures are available in the R/3 System (static, periodic and optimizing procedures)? What are the characteristics of these lot-sizing procedures?•How does the procurement type defined in the material master affect MRP?•What is backward scheduling? What are the characteristics of backward scheduling?•What is the difference between basic scheduling and lead time scheduling?•How are the order due dates determined in basic scheduling?•How are the order due dates determined in lead time scheduling?•How does the in-house production time defined in the material master affect scheduling? •How does the scheduling margin key affect scheduling?•How are BOMs selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during BOM selection? •What is a ‘BOM selection ID’?•How are alternative BOMs selected?•What is a production version?•How are routings selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during routing selection?•What is an MRP list? What is a stock/requirements list? How are these lists structured? What are the differences between these lists?•What is the function of exception messages?•What are planned orders?•What is meant by the individual/collective conversion of planned orders?•What is meant by “days’ supply” and “receipt days’ supply”?•How can component discontinuation be managed in MRP?w w w.er p do wn.co m3.Production Order ProcessingGeneral Issues•What are the characteristics of work-to-order production?•What is defined in a production order?•What is a document type, an order category and an order type?•What are the various elements that a production order contains?•Which functions are executed when an order is created?•What are the various options available for creating an order?•Describe the system logic during routing selection?•Describe the system logic during BOM selection?•At which point in time are reservations generated and what information does it contain?•What can be achieved by performing the “Read master data” function?•How could routing sequences be considered during production order creation?•Describe the conversion of planned orders into production orders with focus on scheduling aspects?Order Release•What happens when an order is released?•Which operations are made possible and which are prevented when an order is released?•What is meant by status management?•What are business transactions?•What are the differences between system status and user status?•At which points in time can availability checks be performed? Which settings can be made, and which must be made? On which objects can the availability check be run?•What is meant by machine commitment?•What is meant by midpoint scheduling?Printing•Which shop floor papers can be printed?•Which print modes are available (online, update, background)?•What does “reprinting” mean?•Which conditions must be fulfilled before order documents can be printed?•Which conditions must an operation fulfill before shop floor papers (and in particular confirmation slips and time tickets) can be printed?Goods Issue•Which control indicators influence the behavior of the components in the production order (bulk material, backflush, phantom assembly, etc.)?•What is meant by picking?•What is meant by stock determination? Which settings have to be made for stock determination during production order processing?•What is a goods issue posting?•How can goods issues be entered (reference to order, reference to reservation, unplanned, etc.)?•What is the purpose of movement types?•What are the effects of a goods issue posting from an integrational point of view (MM, FI, CO)?•What is meant by the backflushing of components and how can this be achieved?w w w.er p do wn.co mConfirmation•Which conditions must be fulfilled before confirmations can be entered?•What is a confirmation?•Which functions are linked to confirmations?•Which confirmation procedures are available?•What data can be entered during confirmations?•What is a milestone confirmation?•What is an unplanned milestone?•What identifies a progress confirmation?•What role does the control key defined in the operation play during confirmation?•Is it possible to link a confirmation with a goods movement posting?•What is a goods receipt?•What are the effects of a goods receipt posting?•What is the relevancy of the “delivery completed” indicator?•What is the function of overdelivery/underdelivery tolerance in the material master play? Order Settlement / Archiving and Deleting•What is meant by order settlement?•What causes a production order to be debited/credited?•What is the difference between prelimenary costing and actual costing?•Which are the usual steps during order settlement?•What means variance calculation?•How is an order settled if the header material is a standard price material?•At which points in time can an order be settled?•Which conditions must be fulfilled before an order can be archived?•How are orders archived/deleted?•What is meant by “residence times”?Order Information Systems•Which information systems can be used for order management?•What are the characteristics of the order information system?•What are variable object overviews?•What are the special characteristics of a (multi-level) order report?•What is the difference between the order information system and the Shop Floor Information System?•Which functions are available from the order progress report?Automation Options•What options are available for automating the processing of orders?•What role does the production scheduling profile play?•Describe the most lean production order and the necessary settings to achieve it?•Which functions could be executed in the mass processing?Collective Orders•What are the characteristics of collective orders?•How can collective orders be created? Which conditions must be fulfilled?•What are the advantages of working with collective orders?•Which functions can be performed on collective orders?•How is scheduling for a complete collective order done?•What happens if a date/quantity for an order is changed within the collective order?w w w.er p do wn.co m4.Product Cost PlanningGeneral Issues•What is a cost element (primary/secondary)?•What is a cost component?•What is a cost component split?•Explain the Costing Variant and the main settings in customizing.•What is a costing type?•What settings can be done in a valuation variant?•How is a costing sheet structured?Base unit costing•Describe base unit costing•Which master data are required for base unit costing?•How can results of BUC be used in further calculations?Cost estimation without quatity structure•What is meant by quantity structure?•Describe costing w/o quantity structure•Which master data are required for that costing logic?Cost estimation with quantity structure•Describe cost estimation with quatity structure•How can the quantity structure be determined?•What is activity based costing?•How could results from standard cost estimation be updated into the material master?•What happens if stock is on hand during that price update?5.Repetitive ManufacturingGeneral Issues•What are the differences between discrete manufacturing and repetitive manufacturing?•What are the characteristics of make-to-stock repetitive manufacturing and make-to-order repetitive manufacturing?Master Data for Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing•What master data are necessary in repetitive manufacturing (material master, bill of material, production line, routing)?•Describe the the following material master data:- Repetitive manufacturing indicator?- Repetitive manufacturing profile?- Production versions?•Which object is used to collect the material costs and production activities?•What are the various options available for establishing a link between the cost collector and the production version of a material? What role doe the repetitive manufacturing profile play here?w w w.er p do wn.co mPlanning Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing•What is the planning table in repetitive manufacturing? What functions can be executed from here?Material Provision•Describe the usage of pull list and stock determination as one of its function.•Which other ways are available to make sure that sufficient components are provided to the shop floor?Backflush•What does backflush mean in a repetitive manufacturing context?•Explain the functions of final backflush.•How can production activities be entered in the system?•What is meant by post processing list?•What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative stock?•What does the reporting point backflush procedure entail?Evaluations•Which evaluations are available?•What is a reporting point overview?6.Logistics Information SystemData Warehouse•What is the concept behind the Data Warehouse?•Which individual information systems does the SAP Logistics Information System comprise?•What data are evaluated by the information systems?•What are info structures? What are the characteristics of info structures?•Is there any relationship between system transaction data and the data in the info structures?•Which reporting options are available in the SAP Information System?•What is the difference between evaluations in LIS and evaluations on system transaction data in the PP component?Standard Analyses•What are standard analyses?•Which navigation options are available in standard analyses?•Which options in standard analyses can be used to influence the way in which data is presented?•Which analysis functions are available in standard analyses (ABC analysis, comparisons, classification, etc.)?r p d o wn.co mEarly Warning System•What is an “early warning system”?•What are the various applications for the early warning system?•How can the early warning system be used in standard analyses?•What is an exception analysis?•Which options are available for defining that an analysis should be performed at regular intervals?•Which types of analysis are available in the early warning system (threshold value analysis, trend analysis, planned/actual comparison)?Flexible Analyses•What are flexible analyses? What is the difference between flexible analyses and standard analyses?•What are evaluation structures? What are evaluations?w ww.e。
sap_pp__顾问认证考试试题及资料_
Review Questions for PP1.Master DataOrganizational Structures•What are the various organizational structures in the R/3 System?•Which R/3 organizational structures are used primarily for PP?•What is the relation between controlling area, company code, valuation area, plant and storage locationMaterial Master•What is the purpose of different material master views?•Which views are available?•Which views are used primarily for PP?•What is the relationship between material master views and individual organizational structures?•How does the industry sector influence the material master maintenance?•How does the material type influence the material master maintenance?•What is the difference between external and internal number assignment and how is it set up in Customizing?•Which other factors can influence the selection of fields in the material master?•How can MRP profile and forecast profile be used to optimize material master maintenance?•How can a material master be reorganized (deleted/archived)?•Which units of measure can affect processing in the material master (base unit of measure, production unit, order unit, etc.)?•What is the material status used for and on which levels could it be maintained?•Review the usage of the following settings?- MRP group- MRP type- Reorder point- Planning time fence- MRP controller- Lot size- Procurement type- Special procurement type - Production storage location - Backflush flag- Stock determination group - Bulk material- Scheduling margin key- Safety stock- Strategy group- Consumption mode and consumption period - Availability checking group- Alternative selection flag- Dependent requirement flag for individual and collectiverequirements- Production scheduler- Production scheduling profile- Underdelivery/overdeliverytolerance- In-house production time (lot size dependent/independent)- Valuation class- Price control indicator- Moving average price/standard priceBills of Material•What is determined by BOM usage?•What technical types of BOM are available?•Can the technical type of a BOM be changed?•During which processes will BOM usage and status be considered? •When would it be useful to make use of a Group BOM?•What is meant by area of validity and effectivity of a BOM?•Which item categories are available and what are their specifications? •What is a sub-item?•Under which circumstances could a BOM be recursive and what the usage of the recursive indicator?•What is the usage of the following BOM settings?- Explosion type- Relevant to production - Relevant to costing - Material provision indicator - Bulk material- Production storage locationWork Centers•What is a work center category?•What data can be maintained on the various views (basic, default, capacity, scheduling, costing, etc.)?•What is the purpose of a standard value key?•What role does the operation control key play?What does referencing mean?•Why to use a work center hierarchy?What is a pooled capacity?•Analyze the usage of the following fields?- Backflush indicator- Capacity category- Formulas for determining capacity requirements- Rate of capacity utilization- Relevant to finite schedulingindicator- Overload - Formulas for scheduling- Location group (move time matrix) - Queue times (normal andminimum)- Cost center- Activity types- Formulas for costingRoutings•What does a routing define?•How is a routing structured?•What task list types are available in the R/3 System?•What is a routing group and group counter?•What is a routing sequence, and what types of sequence are available?•What could be reasons to use sequences?•What are the various options to assign materials to routings?•Under which conditions would it make sense to assign components to operations?•What is a reference operation set?•How could the lotsize-dependend inhouse production time be calculated and updated into the material master?Production Resources/Tools•What types of PRT are available?•What is the relationship between PRTs and a routing/operation?Engineering Change Management•What are the objectives of Engineering Change Management?•What is the significance of changes with a history?•Which PP objects can be managed using Engineering Change Management?•What is the purpose of an engineering change request/order?•How is a change master record structured?•What is a revision level compared to engineering change master?Other Issues•Which scheduling options are available, and how do they differ from each other?•Which time components are taken into account during scheduling?•How are basic order dates determined?•How are the scheduled dates determined?•Which scheduling types are available in lead time scheduling?•What role do reduction measures play in scheduling?•What types of scrap can be maintained in PP basic data and how would they be considered during MRP repectively scheduling?•What is external processing, and what conditions must be fulfilled before external processing can take place?•What are co-products?2.Production PlanningGeneral Issues•What are the various planning levels available in R/3 PP?•What are the dependencies between Sales and Operations Planning, Demand Management, Long-Term-Planning and Material Requirements Planning?Sales and Operations Planning•What is the purpose of Sales and Operations Planning?•What is the structure of product groups and how could they be used in SOP/DM/LTP/MRP?•What is the purpose of proportion factors and aggregation factors within product groups?•Which planning methods are available in SOP?•Which sources are available as input data for SOP?•Which options are available for creating a sales plan in SOP?•Which options are available for creating an operations plan in SOP?•What is ‘disaggregation’?•How could the result of SOP be passed on to different planning tools within the PP planning environment?Demand Management•What is the purpose of Demand Management?•At which points is Demand Management integrated with Sales and Distribution?•Explain the main strategies in Make-to-Stock as well as in Make-to-Order planning logic. Pay attention to master data settings.•What does consumption respectively reduction mean in the context of planning strategies?•What role does the individual/collective requirements indicator in the material master have during make-to-order production?•What is a stocking level, and how can it be influenced?•Which types of availability check are available (ATP and check against planning) and what are the characteristics of these checks?•Explain the link between MRP group, strategy group, strategy and requirement class.•What settings could be made in requirements classes (on PP as well as on SD side)?•Explain the purpose of version management in Demand Management?Master Production Scheduling•Under which circumstances would you recommend the usage of MPS?•Compare the functionality of MPS with MRP?•What is meant by the ‘firming’ of procurement proposals, and how can this effect be achieved? •What is a planning time fence, and where is it defined?•What is a manual firming date, and where is it defined?•How can a planned order be ‘firmed’, and which firming indicators are available in a planned order?Material Requirements Planning•What is the purpose of MRP and how does it fit into the PP planning environment?•How would you organize MRP runs? Discuss the different options- MRP for a plant – online- MRP for a plant – in background- MRP for a material (individual planning) - online•Which planning types are available (NEUPL, NETCH, NETPL)?•Which planning parameters are to be set in the application itself?•What is the function of the planning file?•What is meant by single-level planning, multi-level planning?•What is meant by interactive MRP?•What are the characteristics of an MRP scenario that is performed in simulation mode? •What is meant by low-level code and how is it considered in MRP?•What is a net requirements calculation?•Which buffers can be taken into account for the net requirements calculation in MRP (quantity buffer: safety stock, time buffer: safety time)?•What does lot-size calculation entail?•Which lot-sizing procedures are available in the R/3 System (static, periodic and optimizing procedures)? What are the characteristics of these lot-sizing procedures?•How does the procurement type defined in the material master affect MRP?•What is backward scheduling? What are the characteristics of backward scheduling?•What is the difference between basic scheduling and lead time scheduling?•How are the order due dates determined in basic scheduling?•How are the order due dates determined in lead time scheduling?•How does the in-house production time defined in the material master affect scheduling? •How does the scheduling margin key affect scheduling?•How are BOMs selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during BOM selection? •What is a ‘BOM selection ID’?•How are alternative BOMs selected?•What is a production version?•How are routings selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during routing selection?•What is an MRP list? What is a stock/requirements list? How are these lists structured? What are the differences between these lists?•What is the function of exception messages?•What are planned orders?•What is meant by the individual/collective conversion of planned orders?•What is meant by “days’ supply” and “receipt days’ supply”?•How can component discontinuation be managed in MRP?3.Production Order ProcessingGeneral Issues•What are the characteristics of work-to-order production?•What is defined in a production order?•What is a document type, an order category and an order type?•What are the various elements that a production order contains?•Which functions are executed when an order is created?•What are the various options available for creating an order?•Describe the system logic during routing selection?•Describe the system logic during BOM selection?•At which point in time are reservations generated and what information does it contain?•Wh at can be achieved by performing the “Read master data” function?•How could routing sequences be considered during production order creation?•Describe the conversion of planned orders into production orders with focus on scheduling aspects?Order Release•What happens when an order is released?•Which operations are made possible and which are prevented when an order is released?•What is meant by status management?•What are business transactions?•What are the differences between system status and user status?•At which points in time can availability checks be performed? Which settings can be made, and which must be made? On which objects can the availability check be run?•What is meant by machine commitment?•What is meant by midpoint scheduling?Printing•Which shop floor papers can be printed?•Which print modes are available (online, update, background)?•What does “reprinting” mean?•Which conditions must be fulfilled before order documents can be printed?•Which conditions must an operation fulfill before shop floor papers (and in particular confirmation slips and time tickets) can be printed?Goods Issue•Which control indicators influence the behavior of the components in the production order (bulk material, backflush, phantom assembly, etc.)?•What is meant by picking?•What is meant by stock determination? Which settings have to be made for stock determination during production order processing?•What is a goods issue posting?•How can goods issues be entered (reference to order, reference to reservation, unplanned, etc.)?•What is the purpose of movement types?•What are the effects of a goods issue posting from an integrational point of view (MM, FI, CO)?•What is meant by the backflushing of components and how can this be achieved?Confirmation•Which conditions must be fulfilled before confirmations can be entered?•What is a confirmation?•Which functions are linked to confirmations?•Which confirmation procedures are available?•What data can be entered during confirmations?•What is a milestone confirmation?•What is an unplanned milestone?•What identifies a progress confirmation?•What role does the control key defined in the operation play during confirmation?•Is it possible to link a confirmation with a goods movement posting?•What is a goods receipt?•What are the effects of a goods receipt posting?•What is the relevancy of the “delivery completed” indicator?•What is the function of overdelivery/underdelivery tolerance in the material master play? Order Settlement / Archiving and Deleting•What is meant by order settlement?•What causes a production order to be debited/credited?•What is the difference between prelimenary costing and actual costing?•Which are the usual steps during order settlement?•What means variance calculation?•How is an order settled if the header material is a standard price material?•At which points in time can an order be settled?•Which conditions must be fulfilled before an order can be archived?•How are orders archived/deleted?•What is meant by “residence times”?Order Information Systems•Which information systems can be used for order management?•What are the characteristics of the order information system?•What are variable object overviews?•What are the special characteristics of a (multi-level) order report?•What is the difference between the order information system and the Shop Floor Information System?•Which functions are available from the order progress report?Automation Options•What options are available for automating the processing of orders?•What role does the production scheduling profile play?•Describe the most lean production order and the necessary settings to achieve it?•Which functions could be executed in the mass processing?Collective Orders•What are the characteristics of collective orders?•How can collective orders be created? Which conditions must be fulfilled?•What are the advantages of working with collective orders?•Which functions can be performed on collective orders?•How is scheduling for a complete collective order done?•What happens if a date/quantity for an order is changed within the collective order?4.Product Cost PlanningGeneral Issues•What is a cost element (primary/secondary)?•What is a cost component?•What is a cost component split?•Explain the Costing Variant and the main settings in customizing.•What is a costing type?•What settings can be done in a valuation variant?•How is a costing sheet structured?Base unit costing•Describe base unit costing•Which master data are required for base unit costing?•How can results of BUC be used in further calculations?Cost estimation without quatity structure•What is meant by quantity structure?•Describe costing w/o quantity structure•Which master data are required for that costing logic?Cost estimation with quantity structure•Describe cost estimation with quatity structure•How can the quantity structure be determined?•What is activity based costing?•How could results from standard cost estimation be updated into the material master?•What happens if stock is on hand during that price update?5.Repetitive ManufacturingGeneral Issues•What are the differences between discrete manufacturing and repetitive manufacturing?•What are the characteristics of make-to-stock repetitive manufacturing and make-to-order repetitive manufacturing?Master Data for Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing•What master data are necessary in repetitive manufacturing (material master, bill of material, production line, routing)?•Describe the the following material master data:- Repetitive manufacturing indicator?- Repetitive manufacturing profile?- Production versions?•Which object is used to collect the material costs and production activities?•What are the various options available for establishing a link between the cost collector and the production version of a material? What role doe the repetitive manufacturing profile play here?Planning Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing•What is the planning table in repetitive manufacturing? What functions can be executed from here?Material Provision•Describe the usage of pull list and stock determination as one of its function.•Which other ways are available to make sure that sufficient components are provided to the shop floor?Backflush•What does backflush mean in a repetitive manufacturing context?•Explain the functions of final backflush.•How can production activities be entered in the system?•What is meant by post processing list?•What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative stock?•What does the reporting point backflush procedure entail?Evaluations•Which evaluations are available?•What is a reporting point overview?6.Logistics Information SystemData Warehouse•What is the concept behind the Data Warehouse?•Which individual information systems does the SAP Logistics Information System comprise?•What data are evaluated by the information systems?•What are info structures? What are the characteristics of info structures?•Is there any relationship between system transaction data and the data in the info structures?•Which reporting options are available in the SAP Information System?•What is the difference between evaluations in LIS and evaluations on system transaction data in the PP component?Standard Analyses•What are standard analyses?•Which navigation options are available in standard analyses?•Which options in standard analyses can be used to influence the way in which data is presented?•Which analysis functions are available in standard analyses (ABC analysis, comparisons, classification, etc.)?Early Warning System•What is an “early warning system”?•What are the various applications for the early warning system?•How can the early warning system be used in standard analyses?•What is an exception analysis?•Which options are available for defining that an analysis should be performed at regular intervals?•Which types of analysis are available in the early warning system (threshold value analysis, trend analysis, planned/actual comparison)?Flexible Analyses•What are flexible analyses? What is the difference between flexible analyses and standard analyses?•What are evaluation structures? What are evaluations?。
sap pp面试题
sap pp面试题在SAP (Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing) 的生产计划（Production Planning，简称PP）模块中，面试官经常会问及一些与PP相关的问题，以评估应聘者的技能和经验。
本文将介绍一些常见的SAP PP面试题，以帮助应聘者为面试做好准备。
一、SAP PP简介SAP PP是SAP ERP系统中的一个模块，用于管理和监控生产过程中的不同环节。
它可以帮助企业规划、控制和监测其生产活动，以确保生产资源的高效利用，并提供可追溯性和可靠的生产数据。
二、常见面试题以下是一些常见的SAP PP面试题，供应聘者参考：1. 请简要介绍一下SAP PP模块。
SAP PP模块是SAP ERP系统中的一个关键模块，用于支持企业的生产计划和控制。
它涵盖了整个生产过程，从需求计划、物料需求计划（MRP）、生产订单、工艺路线和工作中心管理等方面，以确保生产计划的顺利执行。
2. 你在SAP PP中使用过哪些主要功能？在SAP PP中我使用过的主要功能包括：需求管理、物料需求计划、生产订单管理、工艺路线和工作中心管理、生产计划评估等。
3. 如何创建生产订单？在SAP PP中，可以通过交易码CO01来创建生产订单。
在创建生产订单时，需指定生产订单类型、生产工厂、物料号码、生产数量、优先级等信息，并关联相应的工艺路线和工作中心。
4. 如何进行物料需求计划（MRP）运行？在SAP PP中，可以通过交易码MD02来进行物料需求计划（MRP）运行。
通过MRP运行，系统将根据预定的参数和规则，自动生成对所需物料的需求计划，并为其生成相应的采购申请或生产订单。
5. 请解释一下工艺路线的概念。
工艺路线是SAP PP中的一个重要概念，它定义了产品的制造过程和相关操作的顺序。
工艺路线包括各个操作步骤、所需的工作中心、工序时间、物料组件以及质量检查标准等关键信息。
sappp模块复习内容
Review Questions for PP1.Master DataOrganizational Structures∙What are the various organizational structures in the R/3 System?∙Which R/3 organizational structures are used primarily for PP?∙What is the relation between controlling area, company code, valuation area, plant and storage locationMaterial Master∙What is the purpose of different material master views?∙Which views are available?∙Which views are used primarily for PP?∙What is the relationship between material master views and individual organizational structures?∙How does the industry sector influence the material master maintenance?∙How does the material type influence the material master maintenance?∙What is the difference between external and internal number assignment and how is it set up in Customizing?∙Which other factors can influence the selection of fields in the material master?∙How can MRP profile and forecast profile be used to optimize material master maintenance?∙How can a material master be reorganized (deleted/archived)?∙Which units of measure can affect processing in the material master (base unit of measure, production unit, order unit, etc.)?∙What is the material status used for and on which levels could it be maintained?∙Review the usage of the following settings?- MRP group- MRP type- Reorder point- Planning time fence- MRP controller- Lot size- Procurement type- Special procurement type - Production storage location - Backflush flag- Stock determination group - Bulk material- Scheduling margin key- Safety stock- Strategy group- Consumption mode and consumption period - Availability checking group- Alternative selection flag- Dependent requirement flag for individual and collectiverequirements- Production scheduler- Production scheduling profile- Underdelivery/overdeliverytolerance- In-house production time (lot size dependent/independent)- Valuation class- Price control indicator- Moving average price/standard priceBills of Material∙What is determined by BOM usage?∙What technical types of BOM are available?∙Can the technical type of a BOM be changed?∙During which processes will BOM usage and status be considered? ∙When would it be useful to make use of a Group BOM?∙What is meant by area of validity and effectivity of a BOM?∙Which item categories are available and what are their specifications? ∙What is a sub-item?∙Under which circumstances could a BOM be recursive and what the usage of the recursive indicator?∙What is the usage of the following BOM settings?- Explosion type- Relevant to production - Relevant to costing - Material provision indicator - Bulk material- Production storage locationWork Centers∙What is a work center category?∙What data can be maintained on the various views (basic, default, capacity, scheduling, costing, etc.)?∙What is the purpose of a standard value key?∙What role does the operation control key play?What does referencing mean?∙Why to use a work center hierarchy?What is a pooled capacity?∙Analyze the usage of the following fields?- Backflush indicator- Capacity category- Formulas for determining capacity requirements- Rate of capacity utilization- Relevant to finite schedulingindicator- Overload - Formulas for scheduling- Location group (move time matrix) - Queue times (normal andminimum)- Cost center- Activity types- Formulas for costingRoutings∙What does a routing define?∙How is a routing structured?∙What task list types are available in the R/3 System?∙What is a routing group and group counter?∙What is a routing sequence, and what types of sequence are available?∙What could be reasons to use sequences?∙What are the various options to assign materials to routings?∙Under which conditions would it make sense to assign components to operations?∙What is a reference operation set?∙How could the lotsize-dependend inhouse production time be calculated and updated into the material master?Production Resources/Tools∙What types of PRT are available?∙What is the relationship between PRTs and a routing/operation?Engineering Change Management∙What are the objectives of Engineering Change Management?∙What is the significance of changes with a history?∙Which PP objects can be managed using Engineering Change Management?∙What is the purpose of an engineering change request/order?∙How is a change master record structured?∙What is a revision level compared to engineering change master?Other Issues∙Which scheduling options are available, and how do they differ from each other?∙Which time components are taken into account during scheduling?∙How are basic order dates determined?∙How are the scheduled dates determined?∙Which scheduling types are available in lead time scheduling?∙What role do reduction measures play in scheduling?∙What types of scrap can be maintained in PP basic data and how would they be considered during MRP repectively scheduling?∙What is external processing, and what conditions must be fulfilled before external processing can take place?∙What are co-products?2.Production PlanningGeneral Issues∙What are the various planning levels available in R/3 PP?∙What are the dependencies between Sales and Operations Planning, Demand Management, Long-Term-Planning and Material Requirements Planning?Sales and Operations Planning∙What is the purpose of Sales and Operations Planning?∙What is the structure of product groups and how could they be used in SOP/DM/LTP/MRP?∙What is the purpose of proportion factors and aggregation factors within product groups?∙Which planning methods are available in SOP?∙Which sources are available as input data for SOP?∙Which options are available for creating a sales plan in SOP?∙Which options are available for creating an operations plan in SOP?∙What is …disaggregation‟?∙How could the result of SOP be passed on to different planning tools within the PP planning environment?Demand Management∙What is the purpose of Demand Management?∙At which points is Demand Management integrated with Sales and Distribution?∙Explain the main strategies in Make-to-Stock as well as in Make-to-Order planning logic. Pay attention to master data settings.∙What does consumption respectively reduction mean in the context of planning strategies?∙What role does the individual/collective requirements indicator in the material master have during make-to-order production?∙What is a stocking level, and how can it be influenced?∙Which types of availability check are available (ATP and check against planning) and what are the characteristics of these checks?∙Explain the link between MRP group, strategy group, strategy and requirement class.∙What settings could be made in requirements classes (on PP as well as on SD side)?∙Explain the purpose of version management in Demand Management?Master Production Scheduling∙Under which circumstances would you recommend the usage of MPS?∙Compare the functionality of MPS with MRP?∙What is meant by the …firming‟ of procurement proposals, and how can this effect be achieved? ∙What is a planning time fence, and where is it defined?∙What is a manual firming date, and where is it defined?∙How can a planned order be …firmed‟, and which firming indicators are available in a planned order?Material Requirements Planning∙What is the purpose of MRP and how does it fit into the PP planning environment?∙How would you organize MRP runs? Discuss the different options- MRP for a plant – online- MRP for a plant – in background- MRP for a material (individual planning) - online∙Which planning types are available (NEUPL, NETCH, NETPL)?∙Which planning parameters are to be set in the application itself?∙What is the function of the planning file?∙What is meant by single-level planning, multi-level planning?∙What is meant by interactive MRP?∙What are the characteristics of an MRP scenario that is performed in simulation mode?∙What is meant by low-level code and how is it considered in MRP?∙What is a net requirements calculation?∙Which buffers can be taken into account for the net requirements calculation in MRP (quantity buffer: safety stock, time buffer: safety time)?∙What does lot-size calculation entail?∙Which lot-sizing procedures are available in the R/3 System (static, periodic and optimizing procedures)? What are the characteristics of these lot-sizing procedures?∙How does the procurement type defined in the material master affect MRP?∙What is backward scheduling? What are the characteristics of backward scheduling?∙What is the difference between basic scheduling and lead time scheduling?∙How are the order due dates determined in basic scheduling?∙How are the order due dates determined in lead time scheduling?∙How does the in-house production time defined in the material master affect scheduling?∙How does the scheduling margin key affect scheduling?∙How are BOMs selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during BOM selection? ∙What is a …BOM selection ID‟?∙How are alternative BOMs selected?∙What is a production version?∙How are routings selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during routing selection?∙What is an MRP list? What is a stock/requirements list? How are these lists structured? What are the differences between these lists?∙What is the function of exception messages?∙What are planned orders?∙What is meant by the individual/collective conversion of planned orders?∙What is meant by “days‟ supply” and “receipt days‟ supply”?∙How can component discontinuation be managed in MRP?3.Production Order ProcessingGeneral Issues∙What are the characteristics of work-to-order production?∙What is defined in a production order?∙What is a document type, an order category and an order type?∙What are the various elements that a production order contains?∙Which functions are executed when an order is created?∙What are the various options available for creating an order?∙Describe the system logic during routing selection?∙Describe the system logic during BOM selection?∙At which point in time are reservations generated and what information does it contain?∙Wh at can be achieved by performing the “Read master data” function?∙How could routing sequences be considered during production order creation?∙Describe the conversion of planned orders into production orders with focus on scheduling aspects?Order Release∙What happens when an order is released?∙Which operations are made possible and which are prevented when an order is released?∙What is meant by status management?∙What are business transactions?∙What are the differences between system status and user status?∙At which points in time can availability checks be performed? Which settings can be made, and which must be made? On which objects can the availability check be run?∙What is meant by machine commitment?∙What is meant by midpoint scheduling?Printing∙Which shop floor papers can be printed?∙Which print modes are available (online, update, background)?∙What does “reprinting” mean?∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before order documents can be printed?∙Which conditions must an operation fulfill before shop floor papers (and in particular confirmation slips and time tickets) can be printed?Goods Issue∙Which control indicators influence the behavior of the components in the production order (bulk material, backflush, phantom assembly, etc.)?∙What is meant by picking?∙What is meant by stock determination? Which settings have to be made for stock determination during production order processing?∙What is a goods issue posting?∙How can goods issues be entered (reference to order, reference to reservation, unplanned, etc.)?∙What is the purpose of movement types?∙What are the effects of a goods issue posting from an integrational point of view (MM, FI, CO)?∙What is meant by the backflushing of components and how can this be achieved?Confirmation∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before confirmations can be entered?∙What is a confirmation?∙Which functions are linked to confirmations?∙Which confirmation procedures are available?∙What data can be entered during confirmations?∙What is a milestone confirmation?∙What is an unplanned milestone?∙What identifies a progress confirmation?∙What role does the control key defined in the operation play during confirmation?∙Is it possible to link a confirmation with a goods movement posting?∙What is a goods receipt?∙What are the effects of a goods receipt posting?∙What is the relevancy of the “delivery completed” indicator?∙What is the function of overdelivery/underdelivery tolerance in the material master play? Order Settlement / Archiving and Deleting∙What is meant by order settlement?∙What causes a production order to be debited/credited?∙What is the difference between prelimenary costing and actual costing?∙Which are the usual steps during order settlement?∙What means variance calculation?∙How is an order settled if the header material is a standard price material?∙At which points in time can an order be settled?∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before an order can be archived?∙How are orders archived/deleted?∙What is meant by “residence times”?Order Information Systems∙Which information systems can be used for order management?∙What are the characteristics of the order information system?∙What are variable object overviews?∙What are the special characteristics of a (multi-level) order report?∙What is the difference between the order information system and the Shop Floor Information System?∙Which functions are available from the order progress report?Automation Options∙What options are available for automating the processing of orders?∙What role does the production scheduling profile play?∙Describe the most lean production order and the necessary settings to achieve it?∙Which functions could be executed in the mass processing?Collective Orders∙What are the characteristics of collective orders?∙How can collective orders be created? Which conditions must be fulfilled?∙What are the advantages of working with collective orders?∙Which functions can be performed on collective orders?∙How is scheduling for a complete collective order done?∙What happens if a date/quantity for an order is changed within the collective order?4.Product Cost PlanningGeneral Issues∙What is a cost element (primary/secondary)?∙What is a cost component?∙What is a cost component split?∙Explain the Costing Variant and the main settings in customizing.∙What is a costing type?∙What settings can be done in a valuation variant?∙How is a costing sheet structured?Base unit costing∙Describe base unit costing∙Which master data are required for base unit costing?∙How can results of BUC be used in further calculations?Cost estimation without quatity structure∙What is meant by quantity structure?∙Describe costing w/o quantity structure∙Which master data are required for that costing logic?Cost estimation with quantity structure∙Describe cost estimation with quatity structure∙How can the quantity structure be determined?∙What is activity based costing?∙How could results from standard cost estimation be updated into the material master?∙What happens if stock is on hand during that price update?5.Repetitive ManufacturingGeneral Issues∙What are the differences between discrete manufacturing and repetitive manufacturing?∙What are the characteristics of make-to-stock repetitive manufacturing and make-to-order repetitive manufacturing?Master Data for Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing∙What master data are necessary in repetitive manufacturing (material master, bill of material, production line, routing)?∙Describe the the following material master data:- Repetitive manufacturing indicator?- Repetitive manufacturing profile?- Production versions?∙Which object is used to collect the material costs and production activities?∙What are the various options available for establishing a link between the cost collector and the production version of a material? What role doe the repetitive manufacturing profile play here?Planning Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing∙What is the planning table in repetitive manufacturing? What functions can be executed from here?Material Provision∙Describe the usage of pull list and stock determination as one of its function.∙Which other ways are available to make sure that sufficient components are provided to the shop floor?Backflush∙What does backflush mean in a repetitive manufacturing context?∙Explain the functions of final backflush.∙How can production activities be entered in the system?∙What is meant by post processing list?∙What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative stock?∙What does the reporting point backflush procedure entail?Evaluations∙Which evaluations are available?∙What is a reporting point overview?6.Logistics Information SystemData Warehouse∙What is the concept behind the Data Warehouse?∙Which individual information systems does the SAP Logistics Information System comprise?∙What data are evaluated by the information systems?∙What are info structures? What are the characteristics of info structures?∙Is there any relationship between system transaction data and the data in the info structures?∙Which reporting options are available in the SAP Information System?∙What is the difference between evaluations in LIS and evaluations on system transaction data in the PP component?Standard Analyses∙What are standard analyses?∙Which navigation options are available in standard analyses?∙Which options in standard analyses can be used to influence the way in which data is presented?∙Which analysis functions are available in standard analyses (ABC analysis, comparisons, classification, etc.)?Early Warning System∙What is an “early warning system”?∙What are the various applications for the early warning system?∙How can the early warning system be used in standard analyses?∙What is an exception analysis?∙Which options are available for defining that an analysis should be performed at regular intervals?∙Which types of analysis are available in the early warning system (threshold value analysis, trend analysis, planned/actual comparison)?Flexible Analyses∙What are flexible analyses? What is the difference between flexible analyses and standard analyses?∙What are evaluation structures? What are evaluations?。
PP模块培训练习题(无答案)
ERP - SAP项目PP模块考试试题作者:日期:版本: 4.0文档目的该文档主要目的是对PP 模块关键用户系统掌握程度进行测试，考试分笔试和机考两部分，总共考试时间为2小时。
选择题一、单项选择题(共10题，每题2分，共20分)1、下列( c )决定物料是自制，还是外购A、MRP类型B、计划边际码C、采购类型D、计划策略2、一个物料需逐批下达需求，要选用哪个批量法则( b )A、HBB、EXC、FXD、WB3、如果一个物料MRP类型为VB，重订货点100，安全库存为8，当前供给为10，批量设为EX, 运行MRP后系统产生的订货建议是( c )A、92B、108C、 90D、1004、以下( )系统状态会释放生产订单对应的未清预留A、RELB、DLVC、 CNFD、TECO5、生产订单完工入库认后( c )A、排产时间减少B、能力需求减少C、库存增加D、定额工时减少6、决定一个物料是否计入计划成本，可以在以下（ b ）中进行设定A、物料主数据B、物料清单C、工作中心D、工艺路线7、生产订单系统状态PDLV表示生产订单已经( d )A、部分生产发料B、部分完工入库C、部分报工确认D、已技术完工8、把6台机床设为一个工作中心A,每台机床的可用能力是10小时，机床的准备时间为10分钟，加工一个B产品需5分钟，现有一生产订单需生产B产品120个，用其中3台设备生产B产品的能力需求为( )A、610分钟B、660分钟C、 630分钟D、110分钟9、以下( D )是属于期间批量法则A、EXB、WBC、FXD、PB10、生产订单重读主数据的前提是( d )A、已经下达B、没有发料或报工C、技术完工D、月结关闭二、多项选择题(共10题，每题3分，共30分)1、工作中心与成本中心的对应关系是：（ ac ）a)一个工作中心只能对应一个成本中心b)一个工作中心可以对应多个成本中心c)一个成本中心可以对应多个工作中心d)工作中心与成本中心不能进行对应2、关于物料主数据中仓储地点正确的措述是：（）a)原材料采购入库地点的默认仓库是维护在“外部采购仓储地点”b)原材料发料至生产线的默认仓库是维护在“外部采购仓储地点”c)原材料发料至生产线的默认仓库是维护在“生产仓储地点”d)成品入库的默认仓库是维护在“生产仓储地点”e)成品入库的默认仓库是维护在“外部采购仓储地点”3、生产订单的主要用途有：（ abcd ）a)财务成本核算的对象之一b)确定生产加工对象c)指导生产车间进行生产作业的任务d)半成品或成品入库的单据来源之一4、以下（ bcd ）是MRP运算的需求方元素a)SafeStb)PurRqsc)DepReqd)IndReqe)Prdord5、关于生产订单的调度类型，描述正确的是：（）a)“向前”是依生产订单的开始日期计算完成日期b)“向前”是依生产订单的完成日期计算开始日期c)“向后”是依生产订单的开始日期计算完成日期d)“向后”是依生产订单的完成日期计算开始日期6、工序级别时间要素中，属于工序提前期的要素有：（）a)排队时间（队列时间）b)准备时间c)处理时间（加工时间）d)拆卸时间e)等待时间f)移动时间7、MRP计算结果可能产生的业务是（即不需人工转换而直接产生）：（ abd ）a)计划订单b)采购申请c)采购订单d)计划行8、下述描述正确的是：（ ad ）a)计划订单的子件需求在SAP中叫“相关需求”b)计划订单的子件需求在SAP中叫“预留”c)生产订单的子件需求在SAP中叫“相关需求”d)生产订单的子件需求在SAP中叫“预留”9、关于计划策略40（含最终装配的计划），在MRP计算时，下述描述正确的是：（ abd ）a)会把在独立需求数据纳入计算b)会把销售订单需求纳入计算c)如果独立需求数量是100，销售订单的数量也是100，MRP计算后的生产订单将会是200个d)如果独立需求数量是100，销售订单的数量也是100，MRP计算后的生产订单将会是100个10、关于计划策略10（按净需求计划），在MRP计算时，下述描述正确的是：（ ad ）a)会把在独立需求数据纳入计算b)会把销售订单需求纳入计算c)如果独立需求数量是100，销售订单的数量也是100，MRP计算后的生产订单将会是200个d)如果独立需求数量是100，销售订单的数量也是100，MRP计算后的生产订单将会是100个填空题(共5题，每题4 分，共20分)1、一般情况下在系统进行货物移动，系统会产生对应的____物料_________凭证和___ ______会计_____凭证。
SAP PP 顾问认证考试试题及资料
Review Questions for PP1.Master DataOrganizational Structures∙What are the various organizational structures in the R/3 System?∙Which R/3 organizational structures are used primarily for PP?∙What is the relation between controlling area, company code, valuation area, plant and storage locationMaterial Master∙What is the purpose of different material master views?∙Which views are available?∙Which views are used primarily for PP?∙What is the relationship between material master views and individual organizational structures?∙How does the industry sector influence the material master maintenance?∙How does the material type influence the material master maintenance?∙What is the difference between external and internal number assignment and how is it set up in Customizing?∙Which other factors can influence the selection of fields in the material master?∙How can MRP profile and forecast profile be used to optimize material master maintenance?∙How can a material master be reorganized (deleted/archived)?∙Which units of measure can affect processing in the material master (base unit of measure, production unit, order unit, etc.)?∙What is the material status used for and on which levels could it be maintained?∙Review the usage of the following settings?- MRP group- MRP type- Reorder point- Planning time fence- MRP controller- Lot size- Procurement type- Special procurement type - Production storage location - Backflush flag- Stock determination group - Bulk material- Scheduling margin key- Safety stock- Strategy group- Consumption mode and consumption period - Availability checking group- Alternative selection flag- Dependent requirement flag for individual and collectiverequirements- Production scheduler- Production scheduling profile- Underdelivery/overdeliverytolerance- In-house production time (lot size dependent/independent)- Valuation class- Price control indicator- Moving average price/standard priceBills of Material∙What is determined by BOM usage?∙What technical types of BOM are available?∙Can the technical type of a BOM be changed?∙During which processes will BOM usage and status be considered? ∙When would it be useful to make use of a Group BOM?∙What is meant by area of validity and effectivity of a BOM?∙Which item categories are available and what are their specifications?∙What is a sub-item?∙Under which circumstances could a BOM be recursive and what the usage of the recursive indicator?∙What is the usage of the following BOM settings?- Explosion type- Relevant to production - Relevant to costing - Material provision indicator - Bulk material- Production storage locationWork Centers∙What is a work center category?∙What data can be maintained on the various views (basic, default, capacity, scheduling, costing, etc.)?∙What is the purpose of a standard value key?∙What role does the operation control key play?What does referencing mean?∙Why to use a work center hierarchy?What is a pooled capacity?∙Analyze the usage of the following fields?- Backflush indicator- Capacity category- Formulas for determining capacity requirements- Rate of capacity utilization- Relevant to finite schedulingindicator- Overload - Formulas for scheduling- Location group (move time matrix) - Queue times (normal andminimum)- Cost center- Activity types- Formulas for costingRoutings∙What does a routing define?∙How is a routing structured?∙What task list types are available in the R/3 System?∙What is a routing group and group counter?∙What is a routing sequence, and what types of sequence are available?∙What could be reasons to use sequences?∙What are the various options to assign materials to routings?∙Under which conditions would it make sense to assign components to operations?∙What is a reference operation set?∙How could the lotsize-dependend inhouse production time be calculated and updated into the material master?Production Resources/Tools∙What types of PRT are available?∙What is the relationship between PRTs and a routing/operation?Engineering Change Management∙What are the objectives of Engineering Change Management?∙What is the significance of changes with a history?∙Which PP objects can be managed using Engineering Change Management?∙What is the purpose of an engineering change request/order?∙How is a change master record structured?∙What is a revision level compared to engineering change master?Other Issues∙Which scheduling options are available, and how do they differ from each other?∙Which time components are taken into account during scheduling?∙How are basic order dates determined?∙How are the scheduled dates determined?∙Which scheduling types are available in lead time scheduling?∙What role do reduction measures play in scheduling?∙What types of scrap can be maintained in PP basic data and how would they be considered during MRP repectively scheduling?∙What is external processing, and what conditions must be fulfilled before external processing can take place?∙What are co-products?2.Production PlanningGeneral Issues∙What are the various planning levels available in R/3 PP?∙What are the dependencies between Sales and Operations Planning, Demand Management, Long-Term-Planning and Material Requirements Planning?Sales and Operations Planning∙What is the purpose of Sales and Operations Planning?∙What is the structure of product groups and how could they be used in SOP/DM/LTP/MRP?∙What is the purpose of proportion factors and aggregation factors within product groups?∙Which planning methods are available in SOP?∙Which sources are available as input data for SOP?∙Which options are available for creating a sales plan in SOP?∙Which options are available for creating an operations plan in SOP?∙What is …disaggregation‟?∙How could the result of SOP be passed on to different planning tools within the PP planning environment?Demand Management∙What is the purpose of Demand Management?∙At which points is Demand Management integrated with Sales and Distribution?∙Explain the main strategies in Make-to-Stock as well as in Make-to-Order planning logic. Pay attention to master data settings.∙What does consumption respectively reduction mean in the context of planning strategies?∙What role does the individual/collective requirements indicator in the material master have during make-to-order production?∙What is a stocking level, and how can it be influenced?∙Which types of availability check are available (ATP and check against planning) and what are the characteristics of these checks?∙Explain the link between MRP group, strategy group, strategy and requirement class.∙What settings could be made in requirements classes (on PP as well as on SD side)?∙Explain the purpose of version management in Demand Management?Master Production Scheduling∙Under which circumstances would you recommend the usage of MPS?∙Compare the functionality of MPS with MRP?∙What is meant by the …firming‟ of procurement proposals, and how can this effect be achieved? ∙What is a planning time fence, and where is it defined?∙What is a manual firming date, and where is it defined?∙How can a planned order be …firmed‟, and which firming indicators are available in a planned order?Material Requirements Planning∙What is the purpose of MRP and how does it fit into the PP planning environment?∙How would you organize MRP runs? Discuss the different options- MRP for a plant – online- MRP for a plant – in background- MRP for a material (individual planning) - online∙Which planning types are available (NEUPL, NETCH, NETPL)?∙Which planning parameters are to be set in the application itself?∙What is the function of the planning file?∙What is meant by single-level planning, multi-level planning?∙What is meant by interactive MRP?∙What are the characteristics of an MRP scenario that is performed in simulation mode?∙What is meant by low-level code and how is it considered in MRP?∙What is a net requirements calculation?∙Which buffers can be taken into account for the net requirements calculation in MRP (quantity buffer: safety stock, time buffer: safety time)?∙What does lot-size calculation entail?∙Which lot-sizing procedures are available in the R/3 System (static, periodic and optimizing procedures)? What are the characteristics of these lot-sizing procedures?∙How does the procurement type defined in the material master affect MRP?∙What is backward scheduling? What are the characteristics of backward scheduling?∙What is the difference between basic scheduling and lead time scheduling?∙How are the order due dates determined in basic scheduling?∙How are the order due dates determined in lead time scheduling?∙How does the in-house production time defined in the material master affect scheduling?∙How does the scheduling margin key affect scheduling?∙How are BOMs selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during BOM selection? ∙What is a …BOM selection ID‟?∙How are alternative BOMs selected?∙What is a production version?∙How are routings selected in MRP? Which criteria are taken into account during routing selection?∙What is an MRP list? What is a stock/requirements list? How are these lists structured? What are the differences between these lists?∙What is the function of exception messages?∙What are planned orders?∙What is meant by the individual/collective conversion of planned orders?∙What is meant by “days‟ supply” and “receipt days‟ supply”?∙How can component discontinuation be managed in MRP?3.Production Order ProcessingGeneral Issues∙What are the characteristics of work-to-order production?∙What is defined in a production order?∙What is a document type, an order category and an order type?∙What are the various elements that a production order contains?∙Which functions are executed when an order is created?∙What are the various options available for creating an order?∙Describe the system logic during routing selection?∙Describe the system logic during BOM selection?∙At which point in time are reservations generated and what information does it contain?∙Wh at can be achieved by performing the “Read master data” function?∙How could routing sequences be considered during production order creation?∙Describe the conversion of planned orders into production orders with focus on scheduling aspects?Order Release∙What happens when an order is released?∙Which operations are made possible and which are prevented when an order is released?∙What is meant by status management?∙What are business transactions?∙What are the differences between system status and user status?∙At which points in time can availability checks be performed? Which settings can be made, and which must be made? On which objects can the availability check be run?∙What is meant by machine commitment?∙What is meant by midpoint scheduling?Printing∙Which shop floor papers can be printed?∙Which print modes are available (online, update, background)?∙What does “reprinting” mean?∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before order documents can be printed?∙Which conditions must an operation fulfill before shop floor papers (and in particular confirmation slips and time tickets) can be printed?Goods Issue∙Which control indicators influence the behavior of the components in the production order (bulk material, backflush, phantom assembly, etc.)?∙What is meant by picking?∙What is meant by stock determination? Which settings have to be made for stock determination during production order processing?∙What is a goods issue posting?∙How can goods issues be entered (reference to order, reference to reservation, unplanned, etc.)?∙What is the purpose of movement types?∙What are the effects of a goods issue posting from an integrational point of view (MM, FI, CO)?∙What is meant by the backflushing of components and how can this be achieved? Confirmation∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before confirmations can be entered?∙What is a confirmation?∙Which functions are linked to confirmations?∙Which confirmation procedures are available?∙What data can be entered during confirmations?∙What is a milestone confirmation?∙What is an unplanned milestone?∙What identifies a progress confirmation?∙What role does the control key defined in the operation play during confirmation?∙Is it possible to link a confirmation with a goods movement posting?∙What is a goods receipt?∙What are the effects of a goods receipt posting?∙What is the relevancy of the “delivery completed” indicator?∙What is the function of overdelivery/underdelivery tolerance in the material master play? Order Settlement / Archiving and Deleting∙What is meant by order settlement?∙What causes a production order to be debited/credited?∙What is the difference between prelimenary costing and actual costing?∙Which are the usual steps during order settlement?∙What means variance calculation?∙How is an order settled if the header material is a standard price material?∙At which points in time can an order be settled?∙Which conditions must be fulfilled before an order can be archived?∙How are orders archived/deleted?∙What is meant by “residence times”?Order Information Systems∙Which information systems can be used for order management?∙What are the characteristics of the order information system?∙What are variable object overviews?∙What are the special characteristics of a (multi-level) order report?∙What is the difference between the order information system and the Shop Floor Information System?∙Which functions are available from the order progress report?Automation Options∙What options are available for automating the processing of orders?∙What role does the production scheduling profile play?∙Describe the most lean production order and the necessary settings to achieve it?∙Which functions could be executed in the mass processing?Collective Orders∙What are the characteristics of collective orders?∙How can collective orders be created? Which conditions must be fulfilled?∙What are the advantages of working with collective orders?∙Which functions can be performed on collective orders?∙How is scheduling for a complete collective order done?∙What happens if a date/quantity for an order is changed within the collective order?4.Product Cost PlanningGeneral Issues∙What is a cost element (primary/secondary)?∙What is a cost component?∙What is a cost component split?∙Explain the Costing Variant and the main settings in customizing.∙What is a costing type?∙What settings can be done in a valuation variant?∙How is a costing sheet structured?Base unit costing∙Describe base unit costing∙Which master data are required for base unit costing?∙How can results of BUC be used in further calculations?Cost estimation without quatity structure∙What is meant by quantity structure?∙Describe costing w/o quantity structure∙Which master data are required for that costing logic?Cost estimation with quantity structure∙Describe cost estimation with quatity structure∙How can the quantity structure be determined?∙What is activity based costing?∙How could results from standard cost estimation be updated into the material master?∙What happens if stock is on hand during that price update?5.Repetitive ManufacturingGeneral Issues∙What are the differences between discrete manufacturing and repetitive manufacturing?∙What are the characteristics of make-to-stock repetitive manufacturing and make-to-order repetitive manufacturing?Master Data for Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing∙What master data are necessary in repetitive manufacturing (material master, bill of material, production line, routing)?∙Describe the the following material master data:- Repetitive manufacturing indicator?- Repetitive manufacturing profile?- Production versions?∙Which object is used to collect the material costs and production activities?∙What are the various options available for establishing a link between the cost collector and the production version of a material? What role doe the repetitive manufacturing profile playhere?Planning Make-To-Stock Repetitive Manufacturing∙What is the planning table in repetitive manufacturing? What functions can be executed from here?Material Provision∙Describe the usage of pull list and stock determination as one of its function.∙Which other ways are available to make sure that sufficient components are provided to the shop floor?Backflush∙What does backflush mean in a repetitive manufacturing context?∙Explain the functions of final backflush.∙How can production activities be entered in the system?∙What is meant by post processing list?∙What are the advantages and disadvantages of negative stock?∙What does the reporting point backflush procedure entail?Evaluations∙Which evaluations are available?∙What is a reporting point overview?6.Logistics Information SystemData Warehouse∙What is the concept behind the Data Warehouse?∙Which individual information systems does the SAP Logistics Information System comprise?∙What data are evaluated by the information systems?∙What are info structures? What are the characteristics of info structures?∙Is there any relationship between system transaction data and the data in the info structures?∙Which reporting options are available in the SAP Information System?∙What is the difference between evaluations in LIS and evaluations on system transaction data in the PP component?Standard Analyses∙What are standard analyses?∙Which navigation options are available in standard analyses?∙Which options in standard analyses can be used to influence the way in which data is presented?∙Which analysis functions are available in standard analyses (ABC analysis, comparisons, classification, etc.)?Early Warning System∙What is an “early warning system”?∙What are the various applications for the early warning system?∙How can the early warning system be used in standard analyses?∙What is an exception analysis?∙Which options are available for defining that an analysis should be performed at regular intervals?∙Which types of analysis are available in the early warning system (threshold value analysis, trend analysis, planned/actual comparison)?Flexible Analyses∙What are flexible analyses? What is the difference between flexible analyses and standard analyses?∙What are evaluation structures? What are evaluations?。
SAP项目PP模块讨论题
本文档由上海市信息技术培训中心再编辑SAP项目PP模块讨论问题集锦一、生产过程的物料管理。
1、现状：公司对物料的管理比较细致，不同车间，不同工序之间的物料流转，都要进行入出库管理，为某种产成品生产而生产的组件也要进行管理。
2、问题：这些物料之间的流转，进行库存管理，增加了仓库管理人员的工作量，使公司生产环节变得复杂，降低了劳动生产率。
特别是骏伟，由于严格按照订单生产，物料之间的流转数量在生产计划中已经确定，工序之间的流转或车间之间的流转必须按计划进行，进行入出库管理也就是仅仅进行收发登记而已，其实仓库中并不会产生库存，这样的做法，除了增加工作量外，没有任何好处。
3、解决办法：经过讨论，原则上确定，凡属工序流转之间的物料，一律不经过入出仓管理，对物料的流转通过系统中的工序、工票确认和工序指令进行管理。
二、外协生产过程的物料管理：现状：生产过程中的外协加工，有两种情况，一种是公司直接发某种物料给外协厂家，外协厂家加工后，形成新的物料，这种新的物料可以直接进行产成品装配；另一种是工序外协，就是某种物料的其中一个或几个工序由外协厂家加工，整个物料的加工过程可能在公司、外协厂家之间转换，经过数道工序后形成一个新的物料。
所有的外协加工都要进行入出库管理。
问题：第一种外协加工管理方式比较简单，问题不大；第二种外协加工方式，货物工序在不同厂家之间转换，每次都进行库存管理，工作量加大，为此管理所创建的物料号，基本在工序完成后，就失去了存在的意义，如果在系统中使用这种方式的话，无疑增加了系统中废码的数量。
解决方案：对于第一种方式的外协加工，基本上采用与原来系统一致的方式，系统中通过一张采购订单就可以进行管理。
对第二种方式的外协加工，有两种处理方案。
一是如果外协加工工序的加工费用在一个相应的时间里相对固定，通过对外协厂家建立成本中心，把外协厂家看成是公司生产中的一个工序，加工费用直接记入外协厂家的成本中心。
可以采取直接通过一个生产订单的方式来进行管理，这里可以有两种方式，一种是完全放弃仓库管理，一种是体现库存管理。
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４.1物料成本核算的后台配置ﻩ１96
4.１.１定义成本构成结构ﻩ１96
4.1.2定义成本构成核算变式ﻩ197
4.1．3计算物料的标准成本ﻩ200
４．２制造订单(PP）的成本核算变式ﻩ202
4.3检查订单类型ﻩ２04
4.４定义订单成本估算的缺省值207
4.5定义订单交货的货物接收评估ﻩ２0７
１．1．３物料—MRP３12
1.1.４物料—ＭＲＰ4ﻩ13
1．1.５物料—分类１5
1.１.6物料—会计视图ﻩ１5
1.1.７物料—成本视图ﻩ１7
１.2 BOM主数据18
1．２.1简单BOＭﻩ18
１.2.2多重BOＭﻩ２１
1.2.3变式BOMﻩ23
1．2.４BOM的损耗(废品）率３3
1.3工作中心ﻩ３5
３.2.１计划订单集中转换为采购申请１50
3．2.2计划订单集中转换为生产订单ﻩ1５２
3.3计划订单手工干预155
3．4工序外协处理ﻩ1６1
3.4．1创建工序外协的信息记录161
３.4.2将计划订单转为生产订单并更改生产订单中的控制码164
3.4.3对外协工序发料ﻩ167
３.4．4对外协工序收货１69
计划时界
可选
定义一个MRP/MPＳ将不会自动地增加或重新安排订单的时期
计划周期
可选
MRＰ控制者
必输
是用来区分某材料是由谁负责的,分析和处理运行MＲP之后的异常信息,或MＰＳ的计划的调整的,可以利用ＭＲP控制者查询相关的ＭRP咨询。
批量
必输
决定系统用作计算获取数量的值,例如EX-直接按批订货量,同一天有多个需求就会产生多个计划订单或者采购申请;TB-日批量,同一天的多个需求可以自动合并为一个为计划订单或者采购申请,ＷＢ－周批量一周的多个需求合并一个计划订单或者采购申请，MB-月批量，则为一个月的需求合并为一个计划订单或采购申请。
４．7．1定义差异码2１1
4.７.２定义每一工厂的差异码ﻩ２11
４．７.3检查差异变式２12
4.7.4定义目标成本版本ﻩ２12
5.其他功能ﻩ214
5．１BOＭ替换2１4
5.１.1BOM组件的替换ﻩ21５
5.２物料反冲２３０
5.3成品自动入库ﻩ2３５
5.４批次管理240
5.５反冲错误处理ﻩ２45
1.主数据
２.2销售运作计划(SOP)ﻩ1１2
2．2．1同步销售ﻩ11３
2.2.2目标库存水平ﻩ115
2.2.3目标日供应量ﻩ116
2.2．４将SＯＰ数据传输到计划独立需求ﻩ１１8
2．３可用性检查ﻩ１２1
2．3.１物料可用性检查ﻩ１21
2.4MRP运行１26
２.4.1单项单层运行ＭRP126
2.4.１.1单项单层运行单层BOＭﻩ126
ABＣ标识
可选
是一种库存管理方法，与循环盘点配合使用
特定工厂的物料状态
可选
有效起始期
可选
MRP类型
必输
决定材料如何计划的，例如(Ｍ0、M1、Ｍ2、Ｍ3、M4)是运行MPS、(P１、Ｐ２、Ｐ３、P4)是运行MRP,ND则是不参与MRP运行等。
重订货点
可选
该字段是用来录入重订货数量的，例如某个物料的安全库存是100，日均消耗是2０,采购提前期是１0天,则重订货点就是300，重订货点的计算是不考虑销售订单、预留等的需求数量的,只考虑库存数和在途数是否已低于冲订货点。
4.6期末结算－在制品２０7
4.６．1定义利润分析码ﻩ2０7
4．6．２定义在产品计算的成本要素208
４．6.3定义结果分析版本ﻩ208
4.6.４定义实际评估方法2０9
4．6.5定义行标识２10
4.6．6定义分配ﻩ210
4.6．7定义更新ﻩ210
4.6．8定义结算在产品的记帐规则ﻩ２11
4.7期末结算-差异计算211
SＡP-PP模块业务功能应用测试
———————————————————————————————— 作者：
———————————————————————————————— 日期：
ﻩ
PＰ业务功能测试
日期:２00８-０1-30
1．主数据ﻩ6
1．1物料主数据6
1.1．1物料—MRP1ﻩ6
1.１．2物料—MRＰ2ﻩ９
2．4.1.2单项多层运行多层BＯM1２８
2．4．２单项多层运行MＲPﻩ１31
2.４.2.1单项多层运行单层BOＭﻩ１３1
2．４.2.2单项多层运行多层BＯMﻩ13５
3.生产控制１３9
3．1计划订单单一转换1３9
3.１.１计划订单单一转换为采购申请139
3．1.2计划订单单一转换为生产订单ﻩ1４１
3.2计划订单集中转换１49
１．5.１成本中心主数据创建－KＳ０1ﻩ53
1.5．２成本要素主数据创建-KＡ06ﻩ5４
1.5.3作业类型主数据创建－ＫＬ０1ﻩ5５
1.5．４成本中心作业类型价格计划－KP26ﻩ57
１.5.５成本中心-成本要素/作业类型价格计划-KP06ﻩ5９
2.计划与需求62
２.1计划策略６２
2.1.1计划策略—10（按库存生产)ﻩ６2
1.3.1工作中心基本数据视图ﻩ３6
1．3.２工作中心缺省值视图ﻩ３7
１.3．3工作中心能力视图ﻩ37
１.３.4工作中心调度视图ﻩ3９
1.4工艺路线ﻩ4６
１.4.1工艺路线“抬头信息”创建ﻩ46
１.4.1工艺路线中工序的创建ﻩ4７
1.4.２顺序ﻩ4９
１.4.3组件分配ﻩ５1
１.４.4拆分工序53
1.５成本中心ﻩ53
1．1物料主数据
１.1.1物料—MＲＰ１
业务说明：
ＭRP1视图对应的组织级别为工厂级，该视图显示的为计划数据,需要运行ＭRP的物料必须维护此视图。
事务码：MM02
字段功能详解：
字段
类型
描述/操作
基本计量单位
必输
该字段的值是由基本数据1视图自动带来的,例如KＧ
MＲＰ组
可选
采购组
可选
用来确定需要外购的物料由哪个采购组进行采购,例如原料由原料采购组进行采购、促销品由促销品采购组进行采购;该字段在采购视图维护过之后会自动带到MRP1视图里
2．1．2计划策略—１1(按库存生产/总需求计划)ﻩ67
2．1.3计划策略—２０(按订单生产）ﻩ７0
2．１．4计划策略—40(具有最终组装的计划）9０
2.1．5计划策略—5２（没有按库存生产和最后组装进行计划)９9
2.1．6计划策略—63（带计划物料但无定货生产的计划)１03
2.1.７计划策略—７０(在装配层次进行计划）108
3．4.5查看生产订单中工序外协对应的成本ﻩ17３
3.5订单组件发料ﻩ175
3.6订单组件变更ﻩ１７8
3.７订单工序变更ﻩ１7９
3.８订单工序报工ﻩ１82
3．8.１单独确认CO11Nﻩ182
3.8.2集中确认CO12１８3
3．9订单组件退料1８4
3.１０工序报工撤销１8６
3．11维修订单处理1８8
3.12订单完工入库194