colonial period
美国历史：殖民地(Colonial Period tothe Revolution)
Memorial marble statue In Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
A marble statue of Benjamin Franklin stands in Benjamin Franklin High School in New Orleans
清教徒puritan原本是指英国基督徒中那些要求清除英国国教会中天主教残余影响的改革派
Lecture 1 Colonial Period to
the Revolution (1607—1800)
Benjamin Franklin
Main contents
Historical background American Puritanism Benjamin Franklin
Success as a diplomat and statesman
Aid Jefferson in writing The Declaration of Independence;
Seeking help from France in American Independent War.
--- B. Franklin
America has never forgotten Benjamin Franklin because he did both.
Today, we honor Ben Franklin as one of the Founding Fathers and as one of America's greatest citizens.
Colonial Period
Literature of the American Colonial Period (1607—1765)From my years young in days of youth,God did make known to me His Truth,And call’d me from my native placeFor to enjoy the Means of Grace.In wilderness He did me guide---William BradfordI. Historical Background1. Settlement --- The result of religious motives andmercantile motives1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America.2) In 1607, Captain John Smith led some Englishmen across the ocean.3) In 1620, 102 passengers sailed on the ship Mayflower across the sea and settled on the new continent ―New England‖.4) Except for Central American natives’ documents, no writings from North America before colonization5) With Europeans came slaughter, slavery, diseases lethal to Natives⏹Between 1492 and 1617, Native American population was reduced to 10% of original numbers⏹By the end of the 17 Century, Native population in Southern colonies went from 200,000 to less than 60,000European nations came to the Americas to increase their wealth and broaden their influence over world affairs. The Spanish were among the first Europeans to explore the New World and the first to settle in what is now the United States. By 1650, however, England had established a dominant presence on the Atlantic coast. The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth, Massachusetts, arrived in 1620. In both Virginia and Massachusetts, the colonists flourished with some assistance from Native Americans. New World grains such as corn kept the colonists from starving while, in Virginia, tobacco provided a valuable cashcrop. By the early 1700s enslaved Africans made up a growing percentage of the colonial population. By 1770, more than 2 million people lived and worked in Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies.⏹他们双膝跪下，感激上帝带他们越过了浩瀚汹涌的大洋，把他们从危险和苦难中解救出来，使他们安全无恙地又一次踏上了坚实的大地……---威廉·布雷德福总督，1620，11⏹Although we have our differences, we are all God’s children and as such we be but specks in the vastness of this ocean, but precious unto our Lord and together we arevoyagers, pilgrims, and look to Thine infinite mercy and providence.--- William Bradford, on the Mayflower⏹我们将成为整个世界的山巅之城( a city set upon a hill )，全世界人民的眼睛都将看着我们。
The Colonial Period (American Literature!)
Great Awakening
Great Awakening is a series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of the 18th century. It resulted in doctrinal changes and influenced social and political thought. In New England it was started by the rousing preaching of Jonathan Edwards.
② Edward Taylor the best of the Puritan poets ③ Roger Williams democratic government Indian rights →banishment
The First American Writer
• 1608:
A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony
(1)A group of good qualities—hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. (3) The American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) The style of the writing is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.
美国文学史
People
Indians were native inhabitants (aborigines). Now Americans are mainly immigrants mostly from Europe, esp. from England.
People of America
They were the Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England but later were persecuted by English government and church. They were called Puritans because they aimed to purify the church of Protestantism. When they came to America, they brought Puritanism to this new continent on which only primitive Indians originally settled. But at the very beginning, they met great difficulties and setbacks and they were helped by Indians. The experiences were recorded by them in travel accounts, sermons and poems, which were the earliest forms of American literature. (based on the reference book: Highlights of American Literature)
Colonial Period
Colonial Period:17th century literatual,Puritanism Enlightenmen t:eighteenth century,American Revolution, Elightenment,the transition from Puritanism to the Enliten-ment.Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard Almanac，Autobiography. Transcendentalism,Romantic:New England,Washington Irving,The Sketch Book-Rip Van Winkle,The Legeng of Sleepy Hollow.E.D Poe,first American author who formalilized thetechnique of the short story,invented the story of detection, divided nature,To Helen,The Raven.R.W Emerson,The American Schoolar,Nature,H.D Thoreau,Walden Pond,high idealism,Civil Disobedience, Modern concept paciful.Nathaniel Hawthorne,moralistic trat of dition,problem of guilt, The Scarlet Letter,first symbolic novel,human soul,skeptical attitude,probe into the nature of manwWalt Whitman,Leaves of Grass,marked the birth of truly Americanpoety,林肯之死，Song of Myself(freedom)H.B Stowe,Uncle Tom’s CabinEmily Dickinson,house wife,shy new England Recluse,Distills amazing sense fromOrdinary meanings.expresslove,friendship,nature,death,immoetality.Idiosyncratic.Realism:end of civil War-beginning of the First World War definition:nothing more and less than the truthful treatmenof material,Mark Tawin,S.L Clemens,first and foremost realist and humorists,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn/Tom Sawyer, stupidity.Naturalism:term of French,The Origin of Species,complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces,pessimistic form of realism. Theodore Dreiser,Sister Carrie,Drouet,Hurstwood,经济压力，本质冲动.R.B Frost:the unofficial laureate of American,New England poet, Mending Wall,indenpence and depence,The Rode Not Taken,人生选择很重要Modernism:War,Lost Generation,E.M Hemingway:The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms, Frederic,Catherine Barkley,For Whom the Bell Tolls,TheOld Man and the Young Man,Nobel Prize for Literature,Iceberg,F.S Fitzgerald；Lost、Jazz Age,Joseph Heller:Black Humor,Catch-22.。
美国文学 PPT课件
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
1_Colonial_Period
Discuss
Exercises
1. The term “puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of _________.
England 2. Puritan thought, mode of perception, and literary practice have contributed much to the development symbolism which is of a literary _____________ distinctly American.
The
6. Thomas Paine
Woks:
Common Sense American Crisis
7. Philip Freneau
Woks:
The Wild Honey Suckle
Great revolutionist struggling for American independence
4. Anne Bradstreet (1617-1672)
1). Life and Works
Her first volume: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America
She was known as the “Tenth Muse”
《美洲最近出现的第十个谬斯》
5. Edward Taylor
His
poetic style: In his elaborate metaphors, he is like the English metaphysical poets. poetic content: He was a Puritan poet, concerned about how his images speak for God.
美国殖民地时期
The colonial period
They imposed heavy taxes on the people of American colonies, resulting in the revolt of the colonial people.
revolt
Boston massacre
反叛，背叛
The colonial period
In colonial times, The slave trade was coming to be in vogue. British settlers successively established thirteen colonies in north east America.
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Be in vogue
正在流行
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The colonial period
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peasants
pilgrims
农民，农夫
Mayflower compact
.五月花号公约
朝圣者
persecution
迫害，受迫害 Made by lullingru yangjuan
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The colonial period
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The colonial period
Three part :
英美国家概况Colonial Period
2. British Settlement;
1607, Jamestown—the first British colony; 1620, Plymouth—the 2nd one (most successful
Colonial Period (before 1775)
I. Discovery of the new world II. Settlement in the new world III. Colonization of the new world
I. Discovery of the New World
chosen from the proprietary; 3)Charter colonies (2): with governors elected
according to self-governing charters.
2. Colonial Economy: 1)The Northern colonies: fishing, ship-building; 2)Middle colonies: farming; 3)Southern colonies: plantations with slaves.
Lecture Three
American History (1)
American History
Colonial Period (before 1775) Independence War (1775--1783) Transitional Period (1783--1861) Civil War (1861-1865) Modern Period (1866--1900) Present-day Period (1900--now)
阅读理解A
阅读理解A1、Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This shortage enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The puritans regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdevelopment country made it necessary that each member of the community performed an economic function. Thus work for women was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and independent women to be self-supporting. There was no social prohibition against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.(1)、What does the passage mainly discuss?C：Colonial women's employment.(2)、According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewest women?C：Frontier settlements.(3)、It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans were ______.B：hardworking(4)、According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be ______. A：financially responsible for herself(5)、According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women?B：They should assist in their husbands' trade or business.2、Halloween (October 31) is a holiday widely celebrated with different names in many countries. Although it originated as a religious holiday, it has lost its religious connections in the United States. It is now celebrated largely as a children's day, and many American children look forward to it for days and weeks beforehand.(1)、What does Halloween originate from?C：A religious day.(2)、What is the symbol of Halloween?A：Pumpkin(3)、The holiday was celebrated in the following ways some years ago EXCEPT ______.B：receiving treats of candy, fruit or cookies(4)、Why do children collect money in the Halloween?D：They want to help other children.(5)、The collection box is dyed orange because ______.C：orange is the color of pumpkins3、Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. (1)、According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.C：he has satisfied his hunger(2)、It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II, most Americans ______. D：did not own automobiles(3)、Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?A：A successful career.(4)、What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?C：The more mental satisfaction the better.(5)、The author tends to think that the fifth level ______.B：may be a lot more desirable than the first four4、Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls. Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women - especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.(1)、Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because ______.B：their participation in work has a bad influence on the economic development(2)、Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their jobs, ______.C：the male employees in their families should receive double wages(3)、According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return to housework was ______. A：opposed by most men and women(4)、According to the passage we can see "phased employment" means ______.D：women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years(5)、Based on the "phased employment" theory, during a woman's leave from her job ______.B：her family's income level will be a little lower than it normally is5、Many studies have identified a strong link between suicide and diagnosable mental illness, especially depression. So, because women suffer from depression at a much higher rate than men, they would seem to be at higher risk for suicide. Yet, women actually commit suicide about one-fourth as often as men.(1)、What is the passage mainly about?C：Reasons for women's lower risk of committing suicide.(2)、Females get better treatment for their depression perhaps because ______.C：they may discuss their feelings with a doctor and be cooperative(3)、The word "inclusive" in paragraph 4 probably means ______.A：comprehensive(4)、It is implied that a man can reduce his chance of committing suicide if he ______.D：changes the way he thinks about problems and interact with others(5)、When a man suffers from depression, it is typical of him to ______.B：consider just his feelings when he makes a decision6、Here is one woman's story of balancing home and career. Rachel always dreamed of having a large family and an interesting career. She now has four children and works full-time.(1)、What can we learn about Rachel from "I really have two full-time jobs"?C：She is a wife and mother with a full-time job.(2)、We can infer from Rachel's own words that ______.D：she feels stress from the combined roles of worker and of wife and mother(3)、According to the passage, which of the following is the consequence of women's role overload? A：They have difficulty balancing home and career.(4)、The best explanation of "the lion's share" in the last paragraph is ______.A：the largest part(5)、The main purpose for the writer to cite Bird's study is ______.B：to show career women take up more housework than their husband7、The judgment of the Englishman by all other European peoples is that he is the most suspicious, the most reserved, the most unfriendly, the coldest-hearted of all western peoples.(1)、The Englishman is characterized as ______.D：cold-hearted and unfriendly(2)、According to the author, the main factor which has shaped the English character is a ______ one. A：geographical(3)、Certain other English qualities such as courage, energy, and honor are ______.B：praised by Europeans(4)、It seems that it is most difficult to ______ an Englishman.C：make friends with(5)、The Englishman prefers ______ to ______.B：justice, kindness8、The purpose of this part of the book is to help you become more efficient in reading byspeeding up the process generally. Most people can learn to cover material much faster than they do now while maintaining a high level of comprehension.(1)、The passage is taken from .D：a book on reading(2)、Which of the following statements is NOT a benefit from reading according to the passage?D：Improvement of reading helps readers get outlines of daily news.(3)、This passage mainly discusses .B：the importance of improving reading skills and how to calculate reading rate (4)、"reading efficiency" in Paragraph 2 means .B：the ability of reading fast with a good understanding(5)、Reading speed can be calculated by .B：dividing the total number of words a reader read by the time he spends on reading9、 A nineteenth-century French dramatist remarked that the only difference between animals and human beings is that people drink when they are not thirsty and make love in any season. The sociologist's definition of the difference is more scientific: only human beings have the ability for creating and transmitting culture. More than any other species, human animals are able to surpass their biological limitations by sharing ideas and passing on what they learn to future generations.(1)、From a sociological point of view, the difference between humans and animals is . C：humans can pass on their culture from generation to generation(2)、One of the problems that both humans and animals must face is .B：they have to raise their young in whatever living conditions(3)、In face of problems of existence, animals .B：only respond repeatedly in the fixed way(4)、Beavers can build dams as home .B：in an instinctive way(5)、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?B：Humans have much greater ability to solve problems with new methods.10、Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey.(1)、The author believes that sporting activities ______.B：have actually developed from hunting(2)、In a football game what is equal to the prey in hunting is ______.C：The goalmouth(3)、For over a million years, our forefathers were basically ______.B：cooperating hunters(4)、The word "operation" (Paragraph 4) refers to ______.B：hunting(5)、Which of the following best summarizes the idea of the passage?D：Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival11、September is the ninth month of the year. However, the word September comes from the Latin word septem, which means "seven". This is because long ago a different calendar was used in which September was indeed the seventh month. When Julius Caesar, leader of Rome, changed the calendar, he made September the ninth month.(1)、The best title for this passage should be ______.B：The Month of September(2)、From this passage you may infer that before Julius Caesar, November might have been the______.B：ninth month of the year(3)、September is a productive time because ______.D：it is the harvest time for farmers(4)、We may come to the conclusion that______.A：the Brazilians celebrate their Independence Day earlier than the Chileans(5)、September is sometimes written in English as ______.C：Sept12、Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with students. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is encouraged to learn for the purpose of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Some students may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes homework is returned with short written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, students should learn the material assigned.(1)、What does the author mean by saying that "Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams"(paragraph 1)?D：The purpose of designing courses is not only for passing exams(2)、According to Paragraph 2, students in the United States should ______ .A：depend more on themselves than on professors(3)、If students need the advice from their teachers, they should ______B：go to their teachers' office(4)、Students who ______ in the United States are considered good ones.B：have the desire to learn by themselves(5)、American professors may be required to spend part of their time ______ other than teaching. C：doing research work13、Many American women are earning money outside their homes today. Among women who are eighteen to sixty-four years old, fifty percent have jobs.(1)、After reading the short article we know that .B：half of the women aged 18 to 64 in the U.S have jobs(2)、of the working women in American have been to universities.A：Near one third(3)、of the working women and go to work by them.C：Eighty percent; have cars(4)、The report for advertisers offers to them.D：written; a new look of women(5)、Why are American women fond of advertisements? Because .C：they can be shown against different backgrounds14、Standing alone at Brown's party, Anna Mackintosh thought about her husband Edward, establishing him clearly in her mind's eye. He was a thin man, forty-one years of age, with fair hair that was often untidy. In the seventeen years they'd been married he had changed very little: he was still nervous with other people, and smiled in the same shy way, and his face was still almost boyish.(1)、What made Anna feel inadequate in her life?C：Her inability to have children.(2)、Why did Anna stand alone at the party?(3)、Anna started to get angry because .B：her husband had usually been more thoughtful4)、Why did Edward want Anna to attend the party?C：He thought it good for her to associate with the Browns.(5)、Which of the following statements is NOT true?D：It was exactly half an hour after the party began that Edward arrived at the Browns' party.15、 A good teacher means many things to many people. In my own experience, I think that the people I respect the most and think about the most are those who demand the most discipline from their students.(1)、What is the main idea of this passage?C：A good teacher should be strict.(2)、The teacher put up the sign over her classroom door ________.B：to tell her students that they should study hard(3)、What does the word "oratory" in the second paragraph mean?D：The art of delivering speeches.(4)、What did the students expect to have when their teacher had broken her arm?C：Fewer written exercises.(5)、It can be inferred from the passage that the author thinks _______.B：students will benefit much from discipline in the long run16、When Pilar Jiménez got married in 1961, she knew her marriage would last. "Back then, no one separated," says the 71-year-old lady. "Marriage was for life." Indeed, her husband and she lived happily until he passed away two years ago. But if her marriage was typical of its time, so are those of her 10 children: five of them are now divorced.(1)、The story of Pilar Jiménez and her children leads to ______.B：the situation of divorce rate in Spain(2)、The word "skyrocket" (paragraph 2, line 2) means ______.D：to go up fast(3)、According to Augustín García-Gasco, the rising divorce rate is resulted from _______.B：the government separating from the religion(4)、The website is mentioned to show that ______.C：divorce is likely to become ordinary in Spain(5)、It can be inferred that many European countries have ______.A：increasing divorce rates17、For some time I've had a church member provide me with a rose to pin on the lapel of my suit every Sunday. Because I always got a flower on Sunday morning, I really did not think much of it. It was a nice gesture that became routine (平常的). One Sunday, however, what I considered ordinary became very special.(1)、The author considered the flower ordinary because ______.C：he had the rose pinned on his suit every Sunday(2)、The boy asked the author to _____.B：give the flower to him(3)、Who did the boy live with at last?D：His granny.(4)、Which of the following is true?B：The boy got the beautiful bouquet instead of the flower.(5)、In the last paragraph, "cherish it" means to _____.A：regard it as precious18、Teachers have become especially important to the future of public education in the U.S. But with the number of teachers increasing, the nation faces another problem －the shortage of teaching talents (人才). That's why hundreds of school districts across the country are looking for ways to attract, reward and keep good teachers. One of the most popular ideas is the system of merit pay, which aims to measure the quality of teachers' work and pay teachers according to the results of the measurement.(1)、The best title for the passage is ______.C：Ways to Reward Good Teachers(2)、The traditional system is supported by unions because they think _______.A：teachers can be treated equally in this way(3)、In devised systems, test scores are traced back to teachers in order to _____.B：measure their competence and help them make progress(4)、The sentence "… such programs have already backfired in some states (paragraph 3)" shows that the programs____.D：have some disadvantages(5)、The author's attitude towards merit pay is _______.A：favorableB：critical19、The West begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous workre-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first. China's invention ofpaper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.(1)、How many volumes have been published so far?B：Four.(2)、What is special about the first volume?C：It demonstrates that the Chinese made many inventions.(3)、In the first paragraph, the word "skeptical" means ______.A：doubtful(4)、Which of the following inventions in NOT made by the Chinese?B：Motor cars.(5)、The best title for this passage isD：China's Inventions20、England is not a big country: from north to south and from east to west it is only about three hundred miles across. But for a small country it has a surprising range of climate. People who have never visited England, or who have visited only one part of it, often make the mistake of thinking that it is a cold and wet country. Except for the summer months of June to September; this is probably true of the North of England and the Midland. In the south, however, the climate is much more pleasant. One result is that when people retire form a job in the north, they often prefer to move down to the milder south.(1)、The distance from the center of England to the south coast is about ______.C：one hundred and fifty miles(2)、England is a country ______.D：with a variety of climates(3)、According to the passage, ______.A：flowers and vegetables from Devon are on the market one month earlier(4)、In the north of England and the Midland, ______.D：only the summer is not cold and wet(5)、In winter, people in Devon and Cornwall ______.A：hardly see any snow21、You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead！(1)、Stuntmen earn their living by ______.B：performing their special skills(2)、When a stuntman falls from a high building, ______.D：his safety is generally all right(3)、Which of the following is the main factor of a successful performance?B：Exactness.(4)、What can be inferred from the author' s example of the Norwegian stuntman?A：Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman.(5)、What is the main idea of the last paragraph?D：Girls start to enter into this job.22、In 776 BC, the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chari(1)、Which of the following is NOT true?A：The winners placed olive wreaths on their shoulders.(2)、Why were the Olympic Games held?B：To honor Zeus.(3)、Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?D：2800 years.(4)、Which of the following contests was NOT mentioned?C：Skating.(5)、What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?B：They were very athletic.23、"You're trying to control my life," says my nine-year-old son. "I don't know why you think you can do that, but you can't." I received this bit of information after I asked Gabriele to put his dirty socks in the basket. And I get no sympathy from my mother, who says, "You let him have his way from the beginning."(1)、The author's way of treating her son ____________.A：is shared by many parents(2)、It can be inferred from the passage that __________.C：today's children enjoy more freedom than the previous generation(3)、According to the passage, to have "discipline" means that parents should ___________.B：teach their children to understand the rules(4)、If Ronda Radice is the parent who has "bucked the trend", which of the following can also be cited as the example for"bucking the trend"?D：Parents maintain authority over their children.(5)、The main point of the passage is to __________.B：analyze the problems faced by today's parents24、A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.(1)、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.D：most Americans are ready to offer help(2)、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A：culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship(3)、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.C：to add some flavor to their own daily life(4)、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.B：is generally well kept up in the United States(5)、What's the author's attitudes toward the American's friendliness?A：Favorable25、There's a great story about an old Finnish woman who, without quite realizing it, was using her cell-phone to access the Internet and track her city's public transit system. When asked why she used the wireless Internet so frequently, she replied, "What are you talking about? I don't know anything about this wireless Internet stuff. I just know the bus is here."(1)、The author uses the story of an old Finnish woman to indicate that __________.C：many people are unaware of the function of the new appliances being used(2)、The word "saturate" (Para. 3) most probably means _________.D：fill(3)、According to the text, WAP is a __________.C：means of exchanging information(4)、We can infer from the passage that the mobile Internet is different from the previous Internet in that the former __________.B：has no need for wire appliances(5)、What is the attitude of the author towards the future of mobile Internet?C：Optimistic26、Imagine your sitting on your front garden admiring the shining sun when your neighbor comes with that annoying car with the noisy sound and the exhaust pipe blowing out this horrible black smoke. What are you going to do about it?(1)、Exhaust from cars is ________.B：pollutive(2)、In author's view, it is_____ to make cars be friendly to environment.A：impossible(3)、_____ will be the major victims in the car accident.B：Children(4)、Cars caused some social problems except_____.C：employment(5)、Which of the following is not true as to handling car problems?B：Using a car in the restricted area.27、Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady" through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.(1)、According to this article the trend toward early marriages __________.C：is one that could be clearly seen(2)、The author suggests that many of today's early marriages are a result of __________.A：escapism(3)、More often than not, early marriage will __________.C：intensify one's problems(4)、The author states that the home as an institution is __________.D：probably not capable of being what many young people expect it to be(5)、Many young people who marry early believe that __________.B：they have found the true center of life's meaning。
2018年中国银行秋季校园招聘笔试真题及答案
2018年中国银行秋季校园招聘笔试真题及答案第一部分英语（1-10）Part OneDirection: A word or phrase is missing in each of the sentences below. Four answer choices are given below each sentence. Select the best answer to complete the sentence. Then, mark the letter A. B. C or D on your answer sheet.1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.A. admittedB. acknowledgedC. absorbedD. considered2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.A. commandB. convictionC. consentD. compromise3. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborate4.It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.A. attemptC. powerD. effort5.His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.A. placeB. effectC. postD. office6. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.A. chargedB. accusedC. blamedD. deprived7. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.A. attainedB. achievedC. requiredD. acquired8. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A. treatedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. remedied9. The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.B. acceptableC. advisableD. available10. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.A. changeableB. alternateC. movableD. flexible答案及解析语法知识部分：1. 答案：D解析：句意“在这个工厂提出的建议通常要等数月后才会被充分考虑”。
英语国家概况美国经济
economic rights as well as political and judicial authority
1. The Colonial Period
Mayflower, the ship that carried the Pilgrims from England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, where they established the first permanent New England colony in 1620.
In 1862, the first Pacific railroad was chartered.
In 1863 and 1864, a national bank code (银行 代码) was drafted.
2. Since American Independence
❖Northern victory in the Civil War—ensured the destiny of the nation and its economic system
with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post offices and roads, and fix rules governing patents (专利权、专利品) and copyrights. ▪ “intellectual property”
colonialperiod
colonialperiod美国⽂学American Literature◆The four main categories of literature:1.fiction: novel, novella, short stories, myth, legend, folktale…2. poetry: epic, ballad, free verse, lyrics, psalm, eulogy , sonnet…3. drama: play , opera, radio/TV/film scripts…4. prose: essay , criticism, literary theory ,(auto)biography…◆How to Approach a Literary Work?Analyticale.g. the elements of fiction: plot, character, setting, point of view, theme, symbol, allegory , style, tone, etc.ThematicWhat is it about? e.g. love, freedom, courage, alienation, etc.HistoricalThe historical development of literature, e.g. romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism, post-modernism.◆Some Basic Characteristics of American Literature:Short history but great achievementBegan with oral myths, legends, talesPoetry , fiction, drama, essay all highly developedFemale, ethnic literature came into the centreDrawn immense interest from Chinese readers◆Brief Introduction of American History殖民时期以前(1607以前) →殖民时期(1607～1753) →独⽴运动(1754～1783) →组成新政府(1784～1819) →向西扩张(1820～1849) →南北冲突(1850～1869) →⼯业化与改⾰(1870～1916) 世界的新地位(1917～1929) →不景⽓时代和第⼆次世界⼤战(1930～1959) → 1960年以来1.The Colonial Period: 1609—1776 2.The Revolutionary Period: 1776—1820 3.The Romantic Period: 1820—1865 4.The Realism and Naturalism: 1865—1920 5.The Modern Period: 1920—1960 6. The Post-modern Period: since 1960⼀、The Colonial Period: 1609—1776 (Puritan writing)◆ 1. (1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred. (2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation. (3) Total depravity (4) Limited atonement: Only the ―elect‖ can be saved.◆Influence1、A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influencedAmerican literature.2 It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.3 Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perc eption was chiefly instrumentalin calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.4 With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest,not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.◆Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the ―purity‖ of the first-century Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meant to prove that were God’s chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in heaven.◆清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.◆清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliarclimates and crops ③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit◆早期的六个州：缅新佛康马罗Maine 缅因New Hampshire 新罕布什尔V ermont 佛蒙特Connecticut 康涅狄格Massachusetts 马萨诸塞Rhode Island 罗德岛◆John Smith (the first American writer)―A True Relation of Such Occurences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”; “A Map of Virginia: with a Descriotion of the Country”; “General History of Virginia”; “New England Trialss”.◆典型的清教徒：John Cotton and Roger Williams他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy.Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America.Williams的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God.⾏为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何⼈强迫别⼈该如何⾏事的权利。
American_Literature
Transcendalism
美国浪漫主义文学运动足能标炳的是新英格兰的超验 主义运动。该运动开始于19世纪30年代的新英格兰 的先验主义俱乐部。本来,这个超验主义只是对新英 格兰人提出来的。它是针对波士顿的唯一神教派的冷 淡古板的理性主义而提的。而后来逐渐影响到全国, 特别是在高级知识分子和文学界人士当中影响颇大。 超验主义文学的主要代表是爱默生(Emerson)和梭罗 (Henry Davd Thoreau),他们的作品对美国文学产生 了很大影响。超验主义"承认人类具有本能了解或认 识真理的能力,能够超过感官获取知识"。爱默生曾 说:"只有人心灵的尊严才是最神圣的。"超验主义还 认为自然是高尚的,个人是神圣的,因此人必须自助。
The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is
won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and
I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died我死时听到了苍 蝇的嗡嗡声
Mine – by the Right of the White Election我的丈 夫——选择如意情人的权利
Wild Nights –39;m nobody! Who are you?
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.见闻 札记
A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada征服格拉 纳达
The Man in Asbestos课文分析
精选课件
18
Drug price are too expensive for some people to go to hospital.
精选课件
19
And for some people ,especially the people in the westren region and old people . It is difficult for them to go to hospitals.
respiratory diseases(呼吸道疾病). Typhoon can bring some infectious diseases
Advantages: typhoon can bring abundant rainfall and
will relieve the drought .It does a lot of benefits to the agriculture. Besides, the water can be used to generate
The Man in Asbestos
Text analysis
精选课件
1
• Part1(1-6): the narrator plunged into a distant failure to witness its marvels.
英美文化概论 问答题
1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?—— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and King John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.3. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?——The early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to America in 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.4. What were the causes of the War of Independence?——The economy in the thirteen colonies developed very fast and people wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. On April 19, 1775, on their way to Concord to seize the military supplies of the militia there, the British soldiers met armed militiamen. The shots were fired, the War of Independence began.I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor15. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The M idwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jeffer son bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick DouglassII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s po pulation from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and _____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-Americanshe Magna Carta (Barons Vs the King)♦Henry II –Richard – John (1199)♦“King of Lackland” granted the list of demands of the barons and signed The Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215, which contains:♦①extra payments not exacted without the vassals consent;♦②laws not arbitrarily modified♦③the king not free from lawSignificance: freedom of trade and self-government of the townspeople; merchants and craftsmen appeared as a political force; formation of liberty, limitation of King’s power8. List the reasons why people migrate to the United States. (5%)Many people see America as the land of opportunity - the land of milk and honey - the Promised Land. Whether this is true or not, it becomes a matter of personal experience. For many, the move to America may be the best thing they ever did, and these are the people who become successful in their endeavors. For other people, the move to America may become a nightmare, and this will depend under what conditions these people moved to this country. The issue is that for illegal immigrants,it will be much difficult to find better employment, which may end up slowing down their dreams and shortening their quality of life and opportunities. Therefore, to be able to have certain advantage, immigrating legally is number one option when moving to America.People come to America in search of better employment opportunities and more money.For many people, moving here represents a better way of life and more freedom of expression.Another reason is the cost of living. In many European countries, the cost of living is much higher than in the USA, so if they have similar political liberties, they decide to move to America. Others visit and see those liberties in amazement and decide they want to enjoy that type of freedom. Other foreigners may have relatives in the country and decide to come to America as well.The American Dream•The pursuit of the American Dream has been alive in the imagination of its immigrants since the beginning of the nation. Many people havebeen inspired by the belief that in the United States, hard work leads toprosperity and social mobility.Pop Culture•After World War II, the United States has exported its popular culture to the world. Many aspiring immigrants grew up watching U.S. movies and television, listening to U.S. music and wanting to wear and possess U.S.brands. This American image represented all that was cool and modern for the youth abroad.Land of Opportunity•Being a relatively new country, with an abundance of land and resources, America was once seen as a land of opportunity, wherethere was enough land and a vibrant economy to accommodate all itsresidents.Education and Career•Because of its economic wealth and large middle-class, immigrants come to the United States to study at its well-known universities or workin its market leader industries for generally higher salaries than intheir home countries.Starting Fresh•Because of its size and its being a country of immigrants, many foreigners see America as a clean slate, taking the country's younghistory to symbolize the potential for their own new beginning. New developments• A new trend, however, finds many foreigners who came to the United States to study or work returning to their home countries for bettercareer prospects and a higher quality of life that was not availablebefore in their native country.。
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• A True Relation of • A Description of New England Virginia (关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述） (新英格兰叙事) It was considered to be “the first book” in American literature.
William Bradford
Examination Questions
• 1.Which one is the most popular literature genre ['ʒɔŋrə] in colonial land?_____ ɔ B A. Novel B. Poetry C. Diary D. Drama 2.____was the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation and wrote Of Plymouth Plantation. A A. William Bradford B. Thomas Paine C. Roger Williams D. Thomas Jefferso
Writers of Puritanism
Anne Bradstreet( 妮. 拉德 ，1612-1672) 国女诗 ， 清教（Puritanism）
The Freedom of the Sprung Up in America《最近在美洲出现的 The Tenth Muse LatelyWill《论意志自由》 第十位缪斯》：It makes Anne Defended《原罪说辩》 The Great Doctrine of Original SinBradstreet well-known. Contemplations《沉思集》 The Nature of True Virtue《论真实德行的原本》 To in Dear and of an Husband《献给我亲爱的丈夫》 SinnersMy the HandLoving Angry God 《罪人在愤怒的上帝 The Flesh and the Spirit《肉与灵魂》 手中》
Jonathan Edwards(乔纳
.爱德华兹，1703-1758)
Puritanism
※A religious and political movement which emerged in England around middle 1500s. ※ Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans who were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church. As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.
• Of Plymouth Plantation (普利茅斯种植园史)
John Winthrop
• The History of New England (新英格兰史)
He is the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony state,
• A Model of Christian Charity (基督教之爱) It shows the author’s dream of building a pure puritan world in America.
Early America
• Enormous displacement of Native American civilization across the continent. • Except for Central American natives’ documents, no writings from North America before colonization. • With Europeans came slaughter[‘slɔ:tə](屠杀 , 屠杀) ɔ 屠杀 slavery, diseases lethal[’li:θəl]（致命的） to （致命的） Natives • Between 1492 and 1617, Native American population was reduced to 10% of original numbers.
Colonial Period
-------America
Colonial Period
• • • • • • Time Early America Puritanism Writers of Puritanism Writers in the Colonial Period Examination Questions
Time
• The colonial history of the United States covers the history from the start of European settlement and especially the history of the thirteen colonies of Britain until they declared independence in 1776. In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.
Writers in the Colonial Period
• John Smith(约翰.史密斯1580-1631） • William Bradford(威廉.布莱弗徳1590-1657) • John Winthrop(约翰.温斯罗普1558-1649)
John Smith
He is regard as “the first author” in American literature.