初升高暑假复习资料(超实用)

一、句子成分要点：英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)其构成的五种基本句型为：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（不及物动词）（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

Eg:1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The un iverse │remains. 4. The pen │writes smoothly基本句型二：Ｓ+ Ｖ（系动词）+ Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做连系动词。

系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。

be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。

其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

Eg:1. This │is │a book.2. The dinner │smells │good.3. His face │turned │red.基本句型三：Ｓ+ Ｖ（及物动词）+ Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

这类动词叫做及物动词.Eg: 1.She │smiled │her thanks.2.He │enjoys │reading.基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ(及物动词) +ｏ（多指人）+ Ｏ（多指物）（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。

通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略Eg:1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.2.He │brought │you │a dictionary.基本句型五：Ｓ+ Ｖ(及物)+ Ｏ+ Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

Eg:1. They │appointed │him │manager. 2. They │painted │the door │green.练习题一、用所给的单词组成句子1．to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the.2．look, things, the, after, boys, their, must.3．here, all, are, you.4．today, who, duty, is, on?5．Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese.6．is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the.7．him, them, to, a, gift, promised, give, 1.8．begins, eight, the, English, at, class, o'clock.二、完成下列句子1．Have you ever been to ______ （最远的小岛）2．We must ______ our classroom ______ .（保持清洁）.3．They ______ ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______ two hours（每二小时，必须坐下休息）4．After work he always ______ ______ ______ ______ （感到有点儿累）.5．The doctor ______ ______ Tom ______ ______ （非常仔细地做了检查）.6．There is ______ ______ （有点毛病）with Linda's cat's eyes.7．I can see ______ ______ （没有异常之物）in the tree.8．Mr. Fang is ______ ______ ______ ______ （去……访问）his aunt.9．Mike ______ ______ ______ his mother ______ （得帮妈妈）the washing every Sunday.三、指出下列句子的主语部分1．Who is the gentleman in the room?2．Who is singing on the platform?3．What he said is not true.说说你今天的收获吧：二、名词要点：II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：2. 不规则名词复数：注意：以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths ，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.3．不可数名词量的表示可以借助单位词表一定的数量。

如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake4．修饰可数名词的词有：many, few, a few, a number of, 数词修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little, a great deal of即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of，plenty of二、名词的格1.有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加“’s”，如the boy’s bag 男孩的书包2. 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字the window of the house 。

3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-’s today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ walk the city’s problem4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店at my aunt’s (house) go to the doctor’s .5. 若名词词尾已有-s ，只加’，如：Teachers’Day the twins’ parents, the students’ books6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。

如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twin’s a friend of my father’s / mine练习题：1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.A. little wageB. few wageC. wageD. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.A. an ashB. the ashC. ashD. ashes3. The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.A. many preparationsB. much preparationC. preparationsD. preparation4. Painting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.A. oilB. an oilC. oilsD. the oil5. In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.A. muchB. lots ofC. a great deal ofD. many6. The large houses are being painted, but ______.A. of great expenseB. at a great expenseC. in a lot of expensesD. by high expense7. The room was small and contained far too ______.A. much new furniture C. much new furnituresB. many new furniture D. many new furnitures8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the______.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room’s numbersD. room numbersputers can do ____work in a short time, but a man can not do ____by himself.A great many…many C. much…a great dealB.great deal of…much D. many…a great many10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.A. how many information C. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much information11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.A. growns-ups C. growns-upB. grown-up D. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.A.prisoner-of-wars C. prisoners-of-warB.prisoners-of-wars D. prisoner-of-war说说你今天的收获吧：三、代词I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：练习题：一、单项选择1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.A. youB. meC. himD. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few3. ---You want ________ sandwich?---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.A. otherB. anotherC. othersD. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.A. theyB. themC. themselvesD. theirs5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.---Never mind. You can have ________.A. usB. oursC. youD. yours7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?---Work harder than last term.A. ourselvesB. myselfC. himselfD. yourself9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?---Her cousin, Susan.A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. which10. ---Is _______ here?---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybodyB. somebodyC. anybodyD. nobody二、用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.5. ______ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______.7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country.说说你今天的收获吧：四、冠词要点：1、冠词分类：英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。