pintos-pro4-filesystem
Pintos-斯坦福大学操作系统Project详解-Project1
Pintos-斯坦福⼤学操作系统Project详解-Project1转载请注明出处。
前⾔:本实验来⾃斯坦福⼤学cs140课程,只限于教学⽤途,以下是他们对于Pintos系统的介绍:Pintos is a simple operating system framework for the 80x86 architecture. It supports kernel threads, loading and running user programs, and a filesystem, but it implements all of these in a very simple way. In the Pintos projects, you and your project team will strengthen its support in all three of these areas. You will also add a virtual memory implementation.Pintos实验主要分成四部分,如下所⽰:实验⼀:Thread实验⼆:User Programs实验三:Virtual Memory实验四:File System实验原理:通过 bochs 加载 pintos 操作系统,该操作系统会根据 pintos 的实现打印运⾏结果,通过⽐较标准输出⽂档和实际输出,来判断 pintos 实现是否符合要求。
环境配置:实验实现代码地址:实验⼀ THREAD:我们试验⼀的最终任务就是在threads/中跑make check的时候, 27个test全pass。
Mission1:重新实现timer_sleep函数(2.2.2)(注意,博主以下⽤了包括代码在内⼤概7000字的说明从每⼀个底层细节解析了这个函数的执⾏,虽然很长但是让我们对pintos这个操作系统的各种机制和实现有更深刻的理解,如果嫌长请直接跳到)timer_sleep函数在devices/timer.c。
GENIUSPRO软件安装说明书
1GENIUS PROSYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM PERFORMANCE• PC Processor Pentium®Dual-Core inside TM• 2 Gb RAM• Windows: XP SP3 or Vista , 7 or 8• Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0, if current is be-fore 3.5, first install 3.5 then 4.0• Internet connection for registration and Licenseactivation, software upgrade, remote accesssupport and training• USB connection• 2 Gb available HD space• CD drive• Video resolution 1280x1024Software installationDriver installationRegistration processActivation processSoftware configuration2Insert the GENIUSPRO cd into the pc.Wait for the Auto-run window, the installation process will then start automatically.On the Ready to Install GENIUSPRO window, click InstallThe setup checks for the presence of additional components including Framework 4; if necessary confirm component installation.Confirm by clicking AcceptInsert Name and Organisation in appropriate field.ClickNextPRO®SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 13 I 062 EThe following window shows the path of thesoftware installation.To continue, click NextThe GENIUSPRO Setup Finalizer will now com-mence and start the printer driver installation wizardClick NextTo complete the installation click Continue AnywayClick Finish to complete the installation.When installation is complete, the GENIUSPROicon will appear on the desktop.5Driver search for MG3 printer.If WINDOWS 7/8 have been configurated cor-rectly, they will automatically search for and installthe printer driver. This may take a few minutes tocomplete.If successful, the MG3 printer icon will appear inDevices and PrintersOn wizard window select No, not this timeConnect MG3 to mains power and switch on at the back of the printer.Windows will indicate that it has found new hardware.6Click NextOn next window select the optionInstall the software automaticallyClick NextTo complete the installation click Continue AnywayClick Finish to complete the installationThe MG3 printer icon will now appear in the Printers and FaxesPRO®REGISTRATION & ACTIVATION PROCESS7On installation of GENIUSPRO a 30 day trial usageperiod commences.To continue usage after 30 days, the user mustregister and license key activation must occur beforethis period expires, otherwise access to the programwill be denied.User Registration ProcessNote - The registration process must be carried outon a PC connected to the Internet.Access , click ASSISTANCE thenclick SOFTWARE.On the left select GENIUSPRO licencesClick REGISTERComplete all mandatory fields in the New UserRegistration form.Note – R emember the Username & Password asthey are needed to log in to the Users own reservedarea following registration, eg for Offline licenseactivation.Click SendCembre will verify the data and notify the user, oftheir approval or otherwise, by email in as short atime as possible.Once approved, the registration process must beONLINE REGISTRATIONOFFLINE REGISTRATIONClick License on the Home ribbon.The Application window shows current license details.Click RegisterChoose Online or Offline method of License activation.Click Online Registra tion only if the PC running GENIUSPRO is connected to the Internet.Enter Username & P assword remembered from User registration. Following a successful check of this data a license will automatically be activated and the user granted full GENIUSPRO functionality without expiration (per installation of the software).Click Offline Registra tion only if the PC running GENIUSPRO is not connected to the Internet.From this window, note the Machine ID (Processor ID).On a different P C that is Internet-enabled Access , click ASSISTANCE then click SOFTWARE.Click ACTIVATE LICENSELog in with previously registered Username & Password.Insert the previously noted Machine ID in the Processor ID field and click Activate LicenseAfter a few seconds an Activation code will appear at the top of the web page.Note this code and return to the P C runningGENIUSPROOpen the program and enter the noted Activation code in Registration keyGENIUSPRO will activate automatically and provide the user with full functionality without expiration (per installation of the software).PRO®SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION10Double click on GENIUSPRO icon on the desktop, aloading window will appear until the Start windowindicates the program is ready.In Start window, click Settings, then PrintersIn PRINTER CONFIGURATION window,click Add Printer and select MG3 from the list.The GENIUSPRO configuration is finished.Now you can print with MG3If, when printing, MG3 does not accept the template, configure templates thus.TEMPLATE CONFIGURATIONSelect MG3 printer and click one of the fourprinting configurations (here FLAT).Click on PreferencesSelect the colour option, Black & WhitePrint quality: 300 x 600 dpiPlate: Plate 1Click OK for all the open windows to confirm the new settings. Return to PRINTER CONFIGURATION window.Repeat the operation for the other printing configurations by setting:MG-CPM = plate 2MG-TPM = plate 3MG-TDM/TDMO = plate 4System default print position values.Normally these values are set to 0 and do not require adjustment.Please refer to the user manual for individual media print position fine tuning.Click OK to save and EXITNow read the User Manual to calibrate MG3 andcommence working.。
PROE4.0安装教程
PROE4.0安装教程首先打开迅雷输入PROE4.0找到安装文件(大概1.5G多)用迅雷下载下载完成后就开始安装了。
1.修改环境变量。
在桌面右击“我的电脑”再点属性-高级-环境变量-新建-变量名:lang 值:chs (这样就保证了你打开proe后是中文的)2.右键点击ptc-li-4.0.dat文件点打开方式为记事本打开后会看到有一串数字这就是网卡地址,你要把它全部换成你自己电脑的网卡地址。
方法:在安装文件你找到CD1里面有个setup.exe文件并打开它这是会看到跳出一个界面,它的左下方有一串数字就是你自己的网卡地址,先复制它,再在上面用记事本打开的界面上点击编辑-替换。
在"查找内容”里输入原有的地址,在“替换为”里输入你的网卡ID:XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX,然后点击“全部替换”,保存后关闭)。
3.继续安装点击安装界面的下一步,再点击Pro/ENGINEER进入下一界面,选择你要安装在什么位置(任何盘都可以)。
继续下一步,单击“添加”-“锁定的许可证文件(服务器未运行)”-找到前面修改过的ptc_li-4.0.dat(路径限英文,须将路径中的数字和其他符号去掉),下一步直至安装完Pro/ENGINEER 安装.中间可能有个两个小细节A当提示插入光盘2的时候,把1改为2就行,当提示插入光盘3的时候,把数字该为3就行。
安装完成后退出。
4.把CRACK里面没有用的文件wildfire4.0-patch.exe复制到proewildfire/i486-nt/obj里面,然后运行改文件,点击PATCH---是。
选择文件,找到proewildfire/i486_nt/obj,这时你要选择文件类型,选择第二个类型.exe,然后找到XTOP.EXE--- -打开,弹出对话框,选择;是,还是找到XTOP.EXE,如此三次。
(如果没有弹出对话框就错了)5.在桌面打开peoe4.0就行了。
pintos-pro4-filesystem
Project 4 FileSystem作者:西安电子科技大学2014.2.7文件系统是操作系统的五大功能模块之一,主要实现操作系统对程序、数据、设备等的管理。
一、当前pintos文件系统的功能当前pintos文件系统已经实现了基本的文件创建删除功能。
文件是固定大小,连续存放的。
(1)文件在磁盘的存储方式:每个文件都有一个disk_inode存放在磁盘的一个扇区上,其结构如下:struct inode_disk{block_sector_t start; //文件数据每一个起始块off_t length; //文件长度。
unsigned magic; //uint32_t unused[125];};现在pintos文件是连续的,而且在创建时指定其大小后,再不能改变大小。
由起始扇区和文件大小就能找到所有文件数据。
目录也是一个文件,只是其内容中都存放如下结构:struct dir_entry{Block_sector_t inode_sector; //文件inode_disk 所在扇区。
Char name[NAME_MAX+1];Bool in_use;};(2)磁盘空闲空间管理方式。
空闲空间是用位图来表示的。
其中位图也是一个文件,其disk inode存放在Sector 0.位图文件大小显然与磁盘大小有关,用一个位表示一个扇区是否被分配,一个扇区512字节,一个扇区作为一个物理块,创建一个2M的磁盘,有1024*1024*2/512bit=4096bit= 4096/8=512Byte。
(3)文件系统初始化过程:在init.c:main()函数中调用了filesys_init();1. 在filesys_init()中,初始化了bitmap,而且对磁盘进行了格式化。
其中格式化就是创建了两个文件,一个用来管理空闲块的位置图文件,一个是根目录文件。
2.Filesys_init()中调用了free_map_init(),在free_map_init()中调用bitmap_create()创建了位图,大小依据磁盘大小。
笔记本装系统蓝屏解决方法
笔记本装系统蓝屏解决方法那是因为你没有SA TA驱动,可以用以下两种方法的任何一个进行安装系统!一、可以用番茄花园版的XP,它里面带SA TA驱动!选择带有SA TA驱动的系统安装模式进行安装!二、如果你的笔记本有软驱的花,可以在安装系统的开始时按F*(*是数字,具体我记不请了),然后系统安装程序扫描完硬件就会提示你插如SA TA驱动,安装完驱动以后就可以继续安装系统了!当然了,现在机器上有软驱的情况太少了,我建议你还是选择番茄花园版的XP我建议你使用上面的两种方法中的一个,如果你一定要设置BIOS,下面的资料你可参考参考!有些新笔记本装系统就蓝屏,那是因为新笔记本一般是sata硬盘,xp默认是不支持sata硬盘,所以会蓝屏,下面是解决方法。
一、可以用番茄花园版的XP,它里面带SA TA驱动!选择带有SA TA驱动的系统安装模式进行安装!二、设置bios,调整成ide兼容模式关于BIOS设置SA TA串口硬盘bois设置随着i865、i875、KT600等支持SA TA串口硬盘的主板的逐步普及,越来越多的人装机时选择了SA TA硬盘。
但是由于SA TA硬盘有别于并口PA TA硬盘,其安装设置部分会不同。
如果设置没搞清楚,在以后的使用中很可能出现问题,所以本文会从BIOS设置(重点部分,是后面几项的基础),分区,安装系统三个方面讲解SA TA硬盘的使用问题,其中还会说明一下SA TA硬盘与旧有并口硬盘共存的注意事项。
一、BIOS设置部分由于各家主板的BIOS不尽相同,但是设置原理都是基本一致的,在此只介绍几种比较典型的BIOS设置,相信读者都能够根据自己主板BIOS的实际情况参考本文解决问题。
1.南桥为ICH5/ICH5R的主板先以华硕的P4C800为例,这款主板芯片组为i865PE,南桥为ICH5/ICH5R。
进到BIOS后,选择Main下的IDE Configuration Menu,在Onboard IDE Operate Mode下面可以选择两种IDE操作模式:兼容模式和增强模式(Compatible Mode和Enhanced Mode)。
安装配置pintos
安装过程4.安装bochsBochs和pintos下载到ubuntu系统下的home/qing(变成你的用户名)打开终端(应用程序→附件→终端),输入命令:sudo passwd root,系统提示你输入root用户的新密码,输入两次后成功激活root用户,以后你就可以用root用户登陆了。
通过终端进入bochs所在的位置:cd /home/qing(最前面加/,表示绝对路径)解压bochs:tar zxvf bochs-2.4.5.tar.gz解压后,从位置→计算机→file system→home→qing,可以看到文件已经被解压成为文件夹接下来按照如下操作:进入bochs解压后的文件夹:cd bochs-2.4.5配置bochs:./configure –enable-gdb-stub(注意最前面的点)常见错误:1.configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check解决方法:联网状态下在终断输入sudo aptitude install build-essential2. X windows gui was selected, but X windows libraries were not found.",解决方法:联网状态下在终端输入sudo apt-get install libx11-devsudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-devsudo apt-get install xorg-dev(分条执行)编译:make(注意编译后有没有error信息,如果有根据提示安装某些包后,重新编译)安装:sudo make installBochs安装完了。
5.下面我们安装和运行pintos首先和bochs一样,进入所在的位置,解压解压后进入pintos/src/threads,编译编译后,进入build目录,运行测试用例alarm-multiple注:按图中的输入命令,若想要直接用pintos命令,请先配置环境变量(见7.配置环境变量)你将看到如下界面6.下面学习用gdb来调试pintos输入如下命令:../../utils/pintos –gdb -s -- run alarm-multiple(注意run和前面的横杠之间有空格)(配置好环境变量后可直接用pintos命令)终端中显示等待连接。
番茄花园WindowsXPProSP3V1 0
a.自动安装 解压ISO目录下的WINDOWS\TVOA到硬盘根目录, 比如d:\tvoa,然后运行autorun.exe就可以进行安装。 安装之前需要见格式化C盘,以免垃圾文件存在。
更新日志
新的XP SP3来了,这里我给大家也制作了一款适合广大用户需要的XP SP3 集合版,根据会员意见和以往制作经验,采取DIY的安装模式来让大家体验 安装的乐趣,一张光盘为了适应大众的需求我们想了很多也为此做出了改进。 主要可选项目有一下一些 Windows Media Player播放器:可选 9或 11 Internet Explorer浏览器 :可选 6或 7 Flash Player 9播放器 :可选或不选 番茄花园主题 :可选或不选 桌面墙纸系列 :可选或不选 精美屏幕保护 :可选或不选 番茄花园主题 :可选或不选
番茄花园 WindowsXPProSP3V1 0
软件系统
01 系统特点
03 目录说明 05 更新日志
目录
02 修改明细 04 安装说明 06 含义
番茄花园WindowsXPProSP3V1.0安装程序是ISO可启动映像文件,推荐下载以后直接用NERO刻录映像文件, 然后用光盘安装;当然也可以解压到硬盘根目录安装,比如DOS下运行d:\i386\winnt.bat;或者可以WIN下或者 PE下运行光盘目录下的autorun.exe来安装。
安装说明
硬盘安装
光盘安装
PE安装
请用刻录软件,选择映像刻录方式来刻录ISO文件,刻 录之前请先校验一下文件的准确性,刻录速度推荐24X! a.自动安装 安装请设置光盘启动,然后选择1或3就可以自动安装! b.手动安装 安装请设置光盘启动,然后选择第2或4个就可以手动安装!
DOS下硬盘安装(需要DOS启动环境支持自动无人职守安装) a.自动安装 请提取ISO中WINDOWS\TVOA\I386目录到硬盘根目录 ,比如D:\I386,然后运行D:\I386\WINNT.BAT 就可以自动安装。 安装之前需要见格式化C盘,以免垃圾文件存在。 b.手动安装 请提取ISO中WINDOWS\TVOA\I386目录到硬盘根目 录,比如D:\I386,然后运行D:\I386\winnt.exe就可以 手动安装。安装之前需要先加载smartdrv.exe(I386中有) 安装之前需要见格式化C盘,以=原版+补丁+可选优化+可选安装功能+可选美化 为什么选番茄花园 +可以通过正版验证 +集合目前所有补丁 +可选安装漂亮主题 +可选安装必要优化 +多版本可选安装 +无人值守安装 +实用的增强软件DIY
新手安装指南——一步一步在Windows安装苹果雪豹系统
[教程] 新手安裝指南:一步一步在Windows安裝蘋果雪豹系統本帖最後由samsonwtsui 於2009-12-20 12:09 編輯12/17更新,解釋了從光碟提取HFS+的意思,遠景最近換管理層了?編輯不相容Safari,PM還要PB幣,腦袋進水,我都不知道還能回復多少個人了。
09年8月底,蘋果正式發佈了新一代Mac OS X Snow Leopard操作系統。
蘋果操作系統一直在用戶友好度和安全穩定性方面廣受好評。
蘋果操作系統只允許在蘋果電腦上面安裝和使用。
和Windows不一樣,要在PC上安裝,需要一系列的模擬和破解。
破解安裝的過程很繁瑣而具有挑戰性,以下是安裝10A432雪豹的PC安裝指南,附帶25張圖片幫助說明,沒有遠景ID的朋友可以打開鏈接查看。
請準備必要的東西:配備Windows操作系統而且能夠上網的PC雪豹安裝光碟dmg鏡像檔(10A432正式零售版MD5校驗碼是bcd4957b2f86216dddc8f1472c20f098)23G的可用空間你的勇氣和耐性這個指南可能最適合從來都沒在PC上安裝過蘋果系統的朋友,因為你不需要外加USB鍵盤滑鼠不需要啟動U盤不需要DVD刻錄機(如果你已經下載有鏡像甚至不需要光驅)不需要第二塊硬碟和GPT分區表不需要另外一個正常運轉的蘋果系統(破解操作全都可以在Windows完成,不需要另外的平臺)不需要輸入一句又一句的命令行。
全過程快速預覽:第一步,縮小當前分區,為雪豹和安裝盤騰出空間第二步,加載dmg到分區並修改第三步,配置開機引導程式第四步,使用蘋果光碟鏡像安裝雪豹第五步,啟動雪豹第六步,安裝後操作為方便安裝,全過程需要的檔都可以在5樓提供的連接下載。
第一步:縮小現有分區卷雪豹使用自己的檔系統,HFS+,不相容Windows的NTFS檔系統,這個指南需要2個HFS+分區完成安裝任務,其中一個大小是6.3GB,用來放雪豹安裝光碟,另一個用來放雪豹操作系統,大小是20GB(按照自己需要增減,操作系統本身就占了約4.5GB)。
最新微软Surface Pro 4平板系统恢复镜像安装图文教程资料
微软Surface Pro 4平板系统恢复镜像安装图文教程一:U盘恢复镜像下载要点1:从官方网站下载立即下载要点2:镜像包要跟自己型号匹配,否则无法自动激活例如:Surface Pro 4国行专业版i5 8G i256G恢复镜像=SurfacePro4_BMR_45_2.114.0.zip香港专业版i5 4G 128G恢复镜像=SurfacePro4_BMR_155_2.114.0二:制作U盘启动器步骤1:将FAT32 U 盘插入电脑,U 盘大小最好大于8GB步骤2:从桌面打开文件资源管理器。
步骤3:点击并按住(或右键单击)U 盘,选择“格式化”。
步骤4:选择“FAT32”作为文件系统,输入一个卷标(如“恢复”)以命名U 盘,开始格式化。
步骤5:双击已下载的恢复映像以打开并解压缩文件。
步骤6:然后将压缩文件夹中的文件拖动到格式化后的U 盘。
三:U盘恢复镜像安装步骤1:关闭Surface,并插上电源。
步骤2:将制作好的U盘驱动器插入Surface 上的USB 端口。
步骤3:按住音量减键,同时按住电源。
步骤4:出现surface的logo的时候,松开电源,但不要松开音量减。
音量减键要持续5秒左右再松开。
步骤5:看到提示后,选择所需的语言(简体中文)和微软键盘布局。
步骤6:点击或单击“疑难解答”,然后点击或单击“从驱动器恢复”。
注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意步骤7:选择“仅删除我的文件”或“完全清理驱动器”点击恢复。
(选择“完全清理驱动器”硬盘会从新分区恢复成一个盘,硬盘数据一定要备份到移动硬盘或者别的U盘中)注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意注意步骤8:等待恢复完成,弹出TPM Change选择OK即可。
步骤9:漫长的等待很快过去,全新的电脑即将到来。
概述:升级版Surface 手写笔能为用户提供近乎完美的手写体验,我们将为大家详细介绍这款Surface 手写笔的一些使用技巧,相信一定会给你的操作带来更多便利。
IBM System x3750 M4 (8722) 产品指南(已撤销产品)说明书
System x3750 M4 (8722)Product Guide (withdrawn product)The System x3750 M4 is a 4-socket server featuring a streamlined design, optimized for price and performance, with best-in-class flexibility and expandability. Models of the x3750 M4, machine type 8722, are powered with Intel Xeon E5-4600 processors, up to 8 cores each, for an entry-level 4-socket solution. The x3750 M4 provides maximum storage density, with flexible PCI and 10 Gb Ethernet networking options in a 2U form factor.Suggested uses: High performance computing (HPC), workloads with floating-point computations, and small to medium databases requiring fast I/O; applications that require 4-socket performance without needing the scalability that the eX5 systems provide.Figure 1. The System x3750 M4Did you know?The x3750 M4 has outstanding memory performance that is achieved by supporting three-RDIMM-per-channel configurations at speeds up to 25% faster than the Intel specification, while still maintaining world-class reliability. LR-DIMM speeds are also 25% beyond the Intel specification for 1.35 V DIMMs, and this speed improve not only performance, but reduces overall system power at the same time.The x3750 M4 offers a flexible, scalable design and simple upgrade path to 16 hard-disk drives (HDDs) or 32 eXFlash solid-state drives (SSDs), with up to eight PCIe Gen 3 slots and up to 1.5 TB of memory. The flexible embedded Ethernet solution provides two standard Gigabit Ethernet ports onboard, along with a dedicated 10 GbE slot that allows for a choice of either two copper or two fiber optic connections. Comprehensive systems management tools with the next-generation Integrated Management Module II (IMM2) make it easy to deploy, integrate, service, and manage.Click here to check for updatesLocations of key components and connectorsThe following figure shows the front of the server.Figure 2. Front view of the System x3750 M4The following figure shows the rear of the server.Figure 3. Rear view of the System x3750 M4The following figure shows the locations of key components inside the server.Figure 4. Inside view of the System x3750 M4Standard specificationsThe following table lists the standard specifications.Table 1. Standard specificationsComponents SpecificationMachine type8722Form factor2U rack.Processor Up to four Intel Xeon processor E5-4600 product family processors, each with eight cores (up to 2.7 GHz), six cores (up to 2.9 GHz), or four cores (up to 2.0 GHz). Two processor sockets on thesystem board and two processors on the processor and memory expansion tray (standard on mostmodels). Two QPI links up to 8.0 GTps each. Up to 1600 MHz memory speed. Up to 20 MB L3cache per processor.Chipset Intel C600 series.Memory Up to 48 DIMM sockets (12 DIMMs per processor). RDIMMs and LRDIMMs (Load Reduced DIMMs) are supported, but memory types cannot be intermixed. The memory speed is up to 1600MHz. There are 24 DIMM sockets on the system board. There are an additional 24 DIMM socketson the processor and memory expansion tray (standard on most models).Memory maximums With RDIMMs: Up to 768 GB with 48x 16 GB RDIMMs and four processors, With LRDIMMs: Up to 1.5 TB with 48x 32 GB LRDIMMs and four processors.MemoryprotectionECC, Chipkill (for x4-based memory DIMMs), memory mirroring, and memory sparing.Standard modelsThe following table lists the standard models. Table 2. Standard modelsModel Intel Xeon processor†(four maximum)*Memory RAID controller Hot-swapdisk baysDisks PCIe GbE PowersupplyModels announced May 20128722-A1x2x E5-4617 6C 2.9 GHz15 MB 1600 MHz 130W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1600 MHzM5110e4x 2.5"16 maxOpen 5 / 821x 1400W8722-A2x1x E5-4603 4C 2.0 GHz10 MB 1066 MHz 95W*1x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e Open Open 5 / 821x 1400W8722-A3x2x E5-4607 6C 2.2 GHz12 MB 1066 MHz 95W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e4x 2.5"16 maxOpen 5 / 821x 1400W8722-B1x2x E5-4610 6C 2.4 GHz15 MB 1333 MHz 95W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e4x 2.5"16 maxOpen 5 / 821x 1400W8722-B2x2x E5-4620 8C 2.2 GHz16 MB 1333 MHz 95W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e8x 1.8"32 maxOpen8 / 821x 1400W8722-C1x2x E5-4640 8C 2.4 GHz20 MB 1600 MHz 95W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e(1 GB,F,R5)‡4x 2.5"16 maxOpen8 / 821x 1400W8722-C2x2x E5-4650 8C 2.7 GHz20 MB 1600 MHz 130W 2x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e(1 GB,F,R5)‡4x 2.5"16 maxOpen 5 / 821x 1400W8722-D1x4x E5-4610 6C 2.4 GHz15 MB 1333 MHz 95W 24x 8 GBRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e + 1xM5110(512,B,R5,SSD)§16x 1.8"32 max16x 200GSSD8 / 822x 1400W8722-D2x4x E5-4650 8C 2.7 GHz20 MB 1600 MHz 130W 24x 16GBLRDIMM1333 MHzM5110e + 3xM5110(512,B,R5,SSD)§32x 1.8"32 max32x 200GSSD8 / 822x 1400W† Processor detail: Processor quantity and model, cores, core speed, L3 cache, memory speed, and power consumption.* All models except for 8722-A2x include the processor and memory expansion tray containing sockets for processors 3 and 4 and 24 DIMMs. For model A2x, order part number 88Y7365.‡ Models C1x and C2x include the 1 GB Flash/RAID 5 Upgrade (part number 81Y4559) which is a 1 GB flash-backed cache with support for RAID 5.§ Model D1x has two RAID controllers, D2x has four RAID controllers total. D1x and D2x include the 512 MB Cache/RAID 5 Upgrade (81Y4484), plus the Battery Kit (81Y4508), plus the SSD Performance Key (90Y4273) for each controller.Refer to the Standards specifications section for information about the standard features of the server. Processor optionsTable 8. RAID controller upgradesPart number FeaturecodeDescription MaximumsupportedModelswhere used81Y4544A1X2ServeRAID M5100 Series Zero Cache/RAID 5 Upgrade1-81Y4484A1J3ServeRAID M5100 Series 512 MB Cache/RAID 5 Upgrade4D1x (2 standard)D2x, (4 standard) 81Y4487A1J4ServeRAID M5100 Series 512 MB Flash/RAID 5 Upgrade4-81Y4559A1WY ServeRAID M5100 Series 1 GB Flash/RAID 5 Upgrade4C1x (1 standard)C2x (1 standard) 81Y4508A22E ServeRAID M5100 Series Battery Kit4*D1x (2 standard)D2x, (4 standard) 81Y4546A1X3ServeRAID M5100 Series RAID 6 Upgrade**1†-90Y4273A2MC ServeRAID M5100 Series SSD Performance Key**1D1x, D2x90Y4318A2MD ServeRAID M5100 Series SSD Caching Enabler **1-81Y4542A1X1ServeRAID M1100 Series Zero Cache/RAID 5 Upgrade1-* The ServeRAID M5100 Series Battery Kit (81Y4508) is only supported with ServeRAID M5100 Series 512 MB Cache/RAID 5 Upgrade (81Y4484).† The ServeRAID M5100 Series RAID 6 Upgrade (81Y4546) requires RAID 5 upgrades with cache(81Y4484, 81Y4487, or 81Y4559 only).** Only one ServeRAID Feature on Demand upgrade is required per system, regardless of the number of adapters installed.Internal drive optionsThe following table lists the hard disk drive options for the internal disk storage of the x3750 M4 server. Table 9. 1.8-inch SSDsPart number Feature Description Maximum supported1.8-inch hot-swap SSDs - 6 Gb SATA - Enterprise Mainstream (3-5 DWPD)00AJ335A56V120GB SATA 1.8" MLC Enterprise Value SSD32 00AJ340A56W240GB SATA 1.8" MLC Enterprise Value SSD32 00AJ345A56X480GB SATA 1.8" MLC Enterprise Value SSD32 00AJ350A56Y800GB SATA 1.8" MLC Enterprise Value SSD32Table 10. 2.5-inch hot-swap 6 Gb SAS/SATA HDDsPart number Feature Description Maximum supported2.5-inch hot-swap HDDs - 6 Gb SAS 10K90Y8877A2XC300GB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS HDD16 90Y8872A2XD600GB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS HDD16 81Y9650A282900GB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF HS HDD16 00AD075A48S 1.2TB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" G2HS HDD16 2.5-inch hot-swap HDDs - 6 Gb SAS 15K90Y8926A2XB146GB 15K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS HDD16 81Y9670A283300GB 15K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" G2HS HDD16 00AJ300A4VB600GB 15K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" G2HS HDD16 2.5-inch hot-swap HDDs - 6 Gb NL SAS90Y8953A2XE500GB 7.2K 6Gbps NL SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS HDD16 81Y9690A1P31TB 7.2K 6Gbps NL SAS 2.5" SFF HS HDD16 2.5-inch hot-swap HDDs - 6 Gb NL SATA81Y9726A1NZ500GB 7.2K 6Gbps NL SATA 2.5" SFF HS HDD16 81Y9730A1AV1TB 7.2K 6Gbps NL SATA 2.5" SFF HS HDD16 2.5-inch hot-swap SED HDDs - 6 Gb SAS 10K90Y8913A2XF300GB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS SED16 90Y8908A3EF600GB 10K 6Gbps SAS 2.5" SFF G2HS SED16Table 11. 2.5-inch hot-swap 6 Gb SAS/SATA SSDsPart number Feature Description Maximum supported2.5-inch hot-swap SSDs - 6 Gb SAS - Enterprise Performance (10+ DWPD)49Y6129A3EW200GB SAS 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise SSD16 49Y6134A3EY400GB SAS 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise SSD16 49Y6139A3F0800GB SAS 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise SSD16 49Y6195A4GH 1.6TB SAS 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise SSD16 2.5-inch hot-swap SSDs - 6 Gb SATA - Enterprise Mainstream (3-5 DWPD)00AJ355A56Z120GB SATA 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise Value SSD16 00AJ360A570240GB SATA 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise Value SSD16 00AJ365A571480GB SATA 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise Value SSD16 00AJ370A572800GB SATA 2.5" MLC HS Enterprise Value SSD16Internal backup unitsThe server does not supports any internal backup units, such as tape drives or RDX drives. Optical drivesTable 15. Network adaptersPart number Feature Description Maximum supported#1 Gb Ethernet49Y42305767Intel Ethernet Dual Port Server Adapter I340-T2 for IBM System x849Y42405768Intel Ethernet Quad Port Server Adapter I340-T4 for IBM System x800AG500A56K Intel I350-F1 1xGbE Fiber Adapter for IBM System x800AG510A56L Intel I350-T2 2xGbE BaseT Adapter for IBM System x800AG520A56M Intel I350-T4 4xGbE BaseT Adapter for IBM System x810 Gb Ethernet49Y7960A2EC Intel X520 Dual Port 10GbE SFP+ Adapter for IBM System x849Y7970A2ED Intel X540-T2 Dual Port 10GBaseT Adapter for IBM System x881Y3520AS73Intel X710 2x10GbE SFP+ Adapter for IBM System x800D9690A3PM Mellanox ConnectX-3 10 GbE Adapter for IBM System x842C18005751QLogic 10Gb CNA for IBM System x890Y4600A3MR QLogic 8200 Dual Port 10GbE SFP+ VFA for IBM System x847C9952A47H Solarflare SFN5162F 2x10GbE SFP+ Performant Adapter for IBM System x847C9960A47J Solarflare SFN6122F 2x10GbE SFP+ Onload Adapter for IBM System x847C9977A522Solarflare SFN7122F 2x10GbE SFP+ Flareon Ultra for IBM System x840 Gb Ethernet00D9550A3PN Mellanox ConnectX-3 40GbE / FDR IB VPI Adapter for IBM System x8# Maximum quantity is achieved with processor 2 installed and the 3-slot riser card (88Y7371). With one processor, the maximum quantity is three (this maximum does not apply to the 10 Gb cards in the dedicated slot).For more information, see the list of Product Guides in the Networking adapters categoryhttps:///servers/options/ethernetStorage HBAs and external RAID controllersThe following table lists storage HBAs supported by x3750 M4 server. The maximum quantity is achieved with processor 2 and the 3-slot riser card (88Y7371) installed. With one processor, the maximum quantity is three (this configuration does not apply to the 10 Gb cards in the dedicated slot).Power suppliesThe server supports up to two redundant power supplies. Standard models come with one or two 1400 W power supplies (model dependent; see Table 2). 900 W AC and 750 W DC power supplies also available through CTO or Special Bid.Installing a second power supply requires that the processor and memory expansion tray (88Y7365) or the power interposer card (88Y7367) be installed. The power interposer card option enables redundancy power support when the processor and memory expansion tray is not installed. If you do not have the processor and memory expansion tray installed and want to install two power supplies, then the power interposer card must be installed.Table 19. Power suppliesPart number Featurecode Description MaximumsupportedModelswhere used88Y7373A2A61400 W HE Redundant Power Supply2All models 88Y7431A2A7900 W Power Supply2-88Y7433A2EA System x 4S- 750W High Efficiency -48 V DC Power Supply2-88Y7367A2A0Power Interposer for Redundant Power Supply1*-* The power interposer is not needed if the processor and memory expansion tray (88Y7365) is installed. Each AC power supply ships standard with one 2.8 m C13 - C14 power cord.Two installed 1400 W power supplies form a redundant pair. Under extreme configurations, it may be possible to exceed 1400 W DC output. If this condition exists and a power supply fails, the server caps power at 1400 W until the second power supply is back online.Integrated virtualizationThe server supports VMware ESXi installed on a USB memory key. The key is installed in a USB socket inside the server. The following table lists the virtualization options.Table 20. Virtualization optionsPart number Featurecode Description Maximumsupported41Y8298A2G0Blank USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi Downloads1 41Y8300A2VC USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi 5.01 41Y8307A383USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi 5.0 Update 11 41Y8311A2R3USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi 5.11 41Y8382A4WZ USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi 5.1 Update 11 41Y8385A584USB Memory Key for VMware ESXi 5.51Remote managementExternal backup unitsThe following table lists the external backup options that are offered by Lenovo. Table 24. External backup optionsPart number DescriptionExternal RDX USB drives4T27A10725ThinkSystem RDX External USB 3.0 DockExternal SAS tape backup drives6160S7E IBM TS2270 Tape Drive Model H7S6160S8E IBM TS2280 Tape Drive Model H8S6160S9E IBM TS2290 Tape Drive Model H9SExternal SAS tape backup autoloaders6171S7R IBM TS2900 Tape Autoloader w/LTO7 HH SAS6171S8R IBM TS2900 Tape Autoloader w/LTO8 HH SAS6171S9R IBM TS2900 Tape Autoloader w/LTO9 HH SASExternal tape backup libraries6741A1F IBM TS4300 3U Tape Library-Base Unit6741A3F IBM TS4300 3U Tape Library-Expansion UnitFull High 8 Gb Fibre Channel for TS430001KP938LTO 7 FH Fibre Channel Drive01KP954LTO 8 FH Fibre Channel Drive02JH837LTO 9 FH Fibre Channel DriveHalf High 8 Gb Fibre Channel for TS430001KP936LTO 7 HH Fibre Channel Drive01KP952LTO 8 HH Fibre Channel Drive02JH835LTO 9 HH Fibre Channel DriveHalf High 6 Gb SAS for TS430001KP937LTO 7 HH SAS Drive01KP953LTO 8 HH SAS Drive02JH836LTO 9 HH SAS DriveFor more information, see the list of Product Guides in the Backup units category: https:///servers/options/backupTop-of-rack Ethernet switches00YJ777ATZZ 0U 36 C13/6 C19 32A 1 Phase PDU Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y 00YJ778AU000U 21 C13/12 C19 32A 3 Phase PDU Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y 0U Switched and Monitored PDUs00YJ783AU040U 12 C13/12 C19 Switched and Monitored48A 3 Phase PDUN N Y N N N Y N N Y Y Y N 00YJ781AU030U 20 C13/4 C19 Switched and Monitored 24A 1 Phase PDUN N Y N Y N Y N N Y Y Y N 00YJ782AU020U 18 C13/6 C19 Switched and Monitored 32A 3 Phase PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y 00YJ780AU010U 20 C13/4 C19 Switched and Monitored 32A 1 Phase PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y1U Switched and Monitored PDUs 4PU7A81117BNDV 1U 18 C19/C13 switched and monitored 48A 3P WYE PDU - ETLN N N N N N N N N N N Y N 4PU7A77467BLC41U 18 C19/C13 Switched and Monitored 80A 3P Delta PDUN N N N N N N N N Y N Y N 4PU7A77469BLC61U 12 C19/C13 switched and monitored 60A 3P Delta PDUN N N N N N N N N N N Y N 4PU7A77468BLC51U 12 C19/C13 switched and monitored 32A 3P WYE PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y 4PU7A81118BNDW 1U 18 C19/C13 switched and monitored 48A 3P WYE PDU - CEY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y 46M400258961U 9 C19/3 C13 Switched and Monitored DPI PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 46M400458941U 12 C13 Switched and Monitored DPI PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y46M400358971U 9 C19/3 C13 Switched and Monitored 60A 3 Phase PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 46M400558951U 12 C13 Switched and Monitored 60A 3Phase PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y1U Ultra Density Enterprise PDUs (9x IEC 320 C13 + 3x IEC 320 C19 outlets)71763NU 6051Ultra Density Enterprise C19/C13 PDU 60A/208V/3PHN N Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N 71762NX6091Ultra Density Enterprise C19/C13 PDU ModuleY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y1U C13 Enterprise PDUs (12x IEC 320 C13 outlets)39M28166030DPI C13 Enterprise PDU Plus Module (WW)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 39Y89416010DPI C13 Enterprise PDU Module (WW)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1U C19 Enterprise PDUs (6x IEC 320 C19 outlets)39Y89486060DPI C19 Enterprise PDU Module (WW)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 39Y89236061DPI Three-phase 60A/208V C19 Enterprise PDU (US)N N Y N N N Y N N N Y Y N1U Front-end PDUs (3x IEC 320 C19 outlets)Part number Feature code Description A N ZA S E AB r a z i E E T M E A R UC I W E H T K I ND I A J A P A L AN A P R C39Y89386002DPI Single-phase 30A/120V Front-end PDU(US)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 39Y89396003DPI Single-phase 30A/208V Front-end PDU (US)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 39Y89346005DPI Single-phase 32A/230V Front-end PDU (International)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 39Y89406004DPI Single-phase 60A/208V Front-end PDU (US)Y N Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N 39Y89356006DPI Single-phase 63A/230V Front-end PDU (International)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y1U NEMA PDUs (6x NEMA 5-15R outlets)39Y89055900DPI 100-127V NEMA PDUY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Line cords for 1U PDUs that ship without a line cord40K96116504 4.3m, 32A/380-415V, EPDU/IEC 3093P+N+G 3ph wye (non-US) Line Cord Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 40K96126502 4.3m, 32A/230V, EPDU to IEC 309 P+N+G (non-US) Line CordY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 40K96136503 4.3m, 63A/230V, EPDU to IEC 309 P+N+G (non-US) Line CordY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 40K96146500 4.3m, 30A/208V, EPDU to NEMA L6-30P (US) Line CordY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 40K96156501 4.3m, 60A/208V, EPDU to IEC 309 2P+G (US) Line CordN N Y N N N Y N N Y Y Y N 40K96176505 4.3m, 32A/230V, Souriau UTG Female to AS/NZ 3112 (Aus/NZ) Line Cord Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 40K961865064.3m, 32A/250V, Souriau UTG Female to KSC 8305 (S. Korea) Line CordY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YPart number Feature code Description For more information, see the Lenovo Press documents in the PDU category:https:///servers/options/pduRack cabinetsA N ZA S E AB r a z i E E T M E A R UC I W E H T K I ND I A J A P A L AN A P R CRack cabinetsThe server supports the rack cabinets listed in the following table.Table 28. Rack cabinetsPart number Description201886X11U Office Enablement Kit93072PX25U Static S2 Standard Rack93072RX25U Standard Rack93074RX42U Standard Rack93074XX42U Standard Rack Extension93084EX42U Enterprise Expansion Rack93084PX42U Enterprise Rack93604EX42U 1200 mm Deep Dynamic Expansion Rack93604PX42U 1200 mm Deep Dynamic Rack93614EX42U 1200 mm Deep Static Expansion Rack93614PX42U 1200 mm Deep Static Rack93624EX47U 1200 mm Deep Static Expansion Rack93624PX47U 1200 mm Deep Static Rack99564RX S2 42U Dynamic Standard Rack99564XX S2 42U Dynamic Standard Expansion RackFor more information, see the list of Product Guides in the Rack cabinets category: https:///servers/options/racksKVM console optionsThe following table lists the supported KVM consoles, keyboards, and KVM switches. Table 29. Console keyboardsPart number DescriptionConsoles17238BX1U 18.5" Standard Console (without keyboard)Console keyboards00MW310Lenovo UltraNav Keyboard USB - US Eng46W6713Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Arabic 253 RoHS v246W6714Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Belg/UK 120 RoHS v246W6715Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Chinese/US 467 RoHS v246W6716Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Czech 489 RoHS v246W6717Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Danish 159 RoHS v246W6718Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Dutch 143 RoHS v246W6719Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - French 189 RoHS v246W6720Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Fr/Canada 445 RoHS v246W6721Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - German 129 RoHS v246W6722Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Greek 219 RoHS v2Part number Description46W6723Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Hebrew 212 RoHS v246W6724Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Hungarian 208 RoHS v246W6725Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Italian 141 RoHS v246W6726Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Japanese 194 RoHS v246W6727Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Korean 413 RoHS v246W6728Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - LA Span 171 RoHS v246W6729Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Norwegian 155 RoHS v246W6730Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Polish 214 RoHS v246W6731Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Portuguese 163 RoHS v246W6732Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Russian 441 RoHS v246W6733Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Slovak 245 RoHS v246W6734Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Spanish 172 RoHS v246W6735Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Swed/Finn 153 RoHS v246W6736Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Swiss F/G 150 RoHS v246W6737Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Thai 191 RoHS v246W6738Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Turkish 179 RoHS v246W6739Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - UK Eng 166 RoHS v246W6740Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - US Euro 103P RoHS v246W6741Keyboard w/ Int. Pointing Device USB - Slovenian 234 RoHS v2Console switches1754D2X Global 4x2x32 Console Manager (GCM32)1754D1X Global 2x2x16 Console Manager (GCM16)1754A2X Local 2x16 Console Manager (LCM16)1754A1X Local 1x8 Console Manager (LCM8)Console switch cables43V6147Single Cable USB Conversion Option (UCO)39M2895USB Conversion Option (4 Pack UCO)46M5383Virtual Media Conversion Option Gen2 (VCO2)46M5382Serial Conversion Option (SCO)For more information, see the list of Product Guides in the KVM Switches and Consoles category: /servers/options/kvmRelated publications and linksTrademarksLenovo and the Lenovo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. A current list of Lenovo trademarks is available on the Web athttps:///us/en/legal/copytrade/.The following terms are trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both:Lenovo®Lenovo ServicesRackSwitchServeRAIDServerGuideServerProven®System x®ThinkSystem®UltraNav®eX5eXFlashThe following terms are trademarks of other companies:Intel® and Xeon® are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries.Linux® is the trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.Microsoft®, Windows Server®, and Windows® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.。
proe4.0安装方法
proe4.0安装方法
1. 设置环境变量
“我的电脑”单击右键→属性→高级→单击“环境变量”→新建→设置变量名lang变量值chs,单击确定
2. 安装proe
进入安装→下一步→接受协议,下一步→单击pro/ENGINEER→显示“定义安装组件”界面,选取“选项”下的mold component catalog进行安装,设置路径,选取pro/plastic advisor进行安装→将ptc提供的许可证文件复制到相应的盘符下,如C:PTC4.0,在单击“下一步”按钮→显示“flexnet许可证服务器”界面,单击“下一步”,弹出“指定许可证服务器’对话框,选中“锁定的许可文件”单选按钮,单击“打开“,弹出“选取文件”对话框,选取Ptc提供的许可文件,单击“打开”,单击“确定”返回“flexnet许可证服务器”界面,单击“下一步”显示“windows优先选项”界面选第一个,单击下一步,显示“可选配置步骤”界面,选ole设置,选简体中文,点下一步,单击安装,单击下一步,单击退出
3. 破解
打开注册器,点击pcth,进入安装位置,进入i486-nt文件夹,进入obj文件夹,选择打开所有文件方式,选xtop.exe,点击打开,一直选否,最后退出即可。
Quite imposing plus 4.0安装教程
第一步:右击PDF软件图标,然后点击打开文件所在位置;
第二步,复制插件,粘贴到文件夹Acrobat\plug_ins中(C:\Program Files\Adobe\Acrobat 11.0\Acrobat\plug_ins),即可,这样就安装完成,不过要进行注册破解才可以用的。
第三步,开始注册插件,双击PDF软件打开软件,然后界面就会跳出一个语言选择,记得一定要选英文,因为这个插件是外国人发明的,所以你要在它的语言状态下进行破解才行的,如果你选错了,选成中文了也没有关系,后面我会告诉你如果你选错后如何进行语言更换再注册。
第三步,点击Info or modify 然后再选License,然后出现四个框要进行填写,第一个是你的名字,你就随便点几个英文字,第二个是公司名,你也随便打几个英文字母,第三个就是序列号,这个压缩包内有,
这个你也可以记一下,2467-6050-6570-8766,第四个就填6070,点击OK那就完成注册了
第四步,把软件重新打开,然后再进行语言转换,设置成中文
点击Info or modify --- Control,右下角的Prefereces,左下角Set language,选中文(CHS)后点击OK后出现确认信息,再次点击OK就可以了。
最后一步,然后再把软件重启一下就可以了,这样就大功告成。
特殊情况:
如果我们选错了,选成了中文,那就是下面这种情况,
那这样我们就要进行英文更改,把它改回英文的然后再按上面的操作进行注册,现在就要进行语言更改,点击运行演示——参数选择——设置语言,改成英文即可。
改成英文后,所以的操作就叫上面的一样。
Thecus N4100PRO 使用说明
使用说明版权和商标公告ndows, Thecus和Thecus产品的其他名字的注册商标为Thecus科技有限公司。
Microsoft, Wi和Windows标志的注册商标为微软公司。
Apple, iTunes和Apple OS X的注册商标为苹果电脑公司。
所有其他商标和品牌名称都是他们各自的所有人的财产。
如未经通知,说明书以改版为准。
版权(C) 2008 Thecus 科技公司。
版权所有关于这份手册这份手册里的所有信息已经很被仔细地核实,以确保它的正确性。
如果发生错误,请给我们反馈。
在未通知的情况下,Thecus科技公司对这份手册内容的修改保留权利。
产品名称: Thecus N4100PRO手册版本: 1.2出厂日期2008年10月有限担保Thecus科技公司担保Thecus N4100PRO的所有部件在他们离开工厂之前都经过全面地测试,还有必须在一般使用的情况下能正常地运作。
一旦发生任何系统故障,如果产品在保修期内,在正常使用的情况下出现故障,Thecus科技公司,当地代表和经销商有责任对客户进行免费保修。
Thecus科技公司不对任何由产品引起的任何数据损坏或损失负责任。
强烈推荐用户进行必要的备份操作。
安全警告对于您的安全方面,请阅读并按照下面的安全警告。
请在安装您的N4100PRO.之前全面地阅读这份手册。
你的N4100PRO是一复杂的电子设备。
不要在任何情况下尝试修理它。
在发生故障的情况下,立即关掉电源,然后到合格的服务中心修理。
对于细节方面联系你的经销商。
不要在电源线上放置任何东西。
不要把电线放在任何可以被踏着走的地方。
谨慎地放好连接电缆,避免他们受到踩踏。
在温度为0°C 和40°C 之间,伴随着20% – 85%的相对湿度,你的N4100PRO可以正常运作。
在极端的环境条件下使用N4100PRO可能会损坏它。
确保给N4100PRO正确地供电(AC 100V ~ 240V, 50/60 Hz,3A). 把N4100PRO插到不正确的电源会被损坏。
Get清风proe4安装方法详解
proe4安装方法详解本文虽然是proe安装教程,但不同于网络上的其它流水步骤式的安装教程,本教程将详细讲解安装过程中可能出现的各种问题和对应的优化处理方法。
同时也对安装过程中的选择对以后的影响做了一一的讲解。
真正让用户在一个教程内解决所有的安装问题。
虽然教程是proe4.0的安装,但实际上也适用于proe3.0和proe5.0的安装。
无维网原创,自然与众不同。
准备工作要进行软件的安装,自然需要有安装程序,这可以到无维网proe教程和免费资源中心下载【】,需要注意的是你要根据你的操作系统来下载对应的版本。
proe有32位操作系统和64位操作系统两个版本〔分别用win32和win64标示〕。
通常来说winXP是32位的,win7一般是64位的。
一般来说,得到的安装程序都是刻录的映像文件,比方iso或cue+bin之类的文件,比方类似下面的文件名:如果操作系统上装有WinRAR或WinZip之类的解压缩文件,这样的iso文件会显示成是WinRAR 的文件,虽然确实可以直接解压缩,但这样是无法正常安装的。
必须是使用虚拟光驱软件对这个iso文件进行虚拟然后得到虚拟光驱来进行安装。
常用的虚拟光驱软件有daemon和Alcohol 120%等,自己到网络搜索下可以找到很多,同时也有很多教程,自己了解便可。
虚拟后,就可以看到生成一个新的“光驱〞,在这个目录下有如下文件,其中破解文件一般是在“crack〞或“SHooTERS〞或其它类似的比较怪异的目录内〔实际是破解组织的名称,比方Z WT、SHooTERS〕,很多用户在看到没有crack目录后就会认为软件没有破解文件,实际上现在下载的软件可以说100%都有破解文件的,只是目录不是在crack内而已。
STEP 1:运行setup.exe,开始执行安装,出现第一个安装的欢迎页面,同时在这个页面里也需要记下一个重要信息,也就是你的网卡号〔mac地址〕,PTC称为HostID,这一个网卡号需要用在许可〔l icense〕的破解上,记下这个数字,本案例中是00-E0-4D-9F-7A-14。
Procontrol P14 完整功能电力发电厂控制系统说明书
—Procontrol P14Complete power plant control system2PRO CO NTRO L P14 CO M PL E TE P OW ER PL A NT CO NTR O L S Y S TEMWith more than 500 installations in 34 countries all over the world it has a large, long-standing and loyal customer base.Procontrol P14 is a complete power plant control system with a simple and flexible architecture that enables customers all over the world to meet the diverse operating and business needs of their markets. It comprises a total system solution:• Instrumentation and control• Operations and information management• Engineering and documentation• Configuration and programming• Diagnosis and maintenance• Turbine control And it delivers a comprehensive range of valuable benefits:• Modular structure with little basic equipment makes the system scalable and ideal for all applications, from the smallest control task to large plant control systems• Uniform system for all control functions• Simple straightforward structure and functionalities that are easy to operate• Easy access to all data• Fully adaptable to the safety, availability and commercial requirements of the process• System modification and expansion does not influence existing modules and control applications, and can be performed without the need for plant shutdowns• Automatic documentation generation by integrated document management system • Maximum availability thanks to self-monitoring and diagnostic functions—Reliable and effective power plant automationABB launched Procontrol™ P14 more than 40 years ago in 1977. Throughout its long life Procontrol P14 has proven to be one of the most reliable and efficient power plant automation systems on the market.3Operator Workplace This is the main work environment for operators, providing them with control and supervision of the underlying processes. Process data, as well as data from systems integrated in System 800xA, are all presented in the operator workplace. The Operator Workplace coordinates and manages toolbars, graphic displays, alarm lists, faceplates, etc., to give operators the best possible user experience. Built-in rules make sure that the information required is always visible or easily accessible.Navigation concepts, mainly the context menu, provide operators with easy access to all information in the system. In addition, the Operator Workplace is highly configurable.Each workplace can be configured with up to four screens and several Operator Workplaces can be combined to one unit to create even better control possibilities for the operator. Operator Workplace also comes with a predefined layout with details of what to show on each screen and where on each screen the toolbars and displays will be presented.Process Graphics Process Graphics is integrated in the Operator Workplace to present graphic displays with live data to the operator. Live data is fetched via OPC and presented to the user in real time. Expressions in the graphic display can be used to calculate live data based on one or more OPC properties. Graphical libraries will provide standardized graphical elements that can be reused in different graphic displays, contributing to a clean and well thought out look and feel. A set of new High Performance HMI elements based on the best-practice principles in Human Machine Interfaces have been added to the graphics library.Right clicking on an object in a graphic display will launch the context menu, allowing the operator to navigate within the operator workplace, launch the object’s faceplate, acknowledge alarms, etc. Left clicking will launch the default aspect on the selected object – typically the faceplate.—01 Mimic diagram 800xA —Effective plant management withSystem 800xA Operations4PRO CO NTRO L P 14 CO M PL E TE P OW ER PL A NT CO NTR O L S Y S TEM—02 Faceplates 800xAwith an extensive set of trending features and functions. Trend Display presents data seamlessly from both run-time and historical data.A trend display can display several trend traces in the same display, e.g. one trace for the value and another for an alarm limit. Users can modify the time and time resolution on the display when working with the trend. Values can be presented in relation to each other in an XY-plot diagram.FaceplatesFaceplates are designed mainly for operators tomonitor and control a process. Each object canhave up to three different sized faceplates,depending on the needs of the object and theuser.The faceplate framework, a part of the operatorworkplace, helps ensure that product-suppliedfaceplates are straightforward and intuitive.Three standard sizes of faceplates (reduced,normal and extended) provide the operator withthe number of details required.Alarm & Event managementAlarm & Event management is supported atseveral levels throughout the system. Alarms andevents are treated in a consistent way (an alarm isan event that alerts the user of an abnormal stateand that needs to be acknowledged).Alarms are always presented to the operator inobvious and clear ways inside the OperatorWorkplace. In addition to alarm indications ingraphic displays and on faceplates.Events are presented in chronologically-orderedevent lists (like the alarm lists) but without thepossibility to acknowledge. Event lists display allevents matching the configured filter for that list.Trend displayTrend displays are one of the most importanttools associated with operating and analyzingindustrial processes. The Operator Workplaceaddresses this need by presenting the operatorARTICLE OR CHAPTER TITLE5—03 —04—05—Universal I/O and control modulesProcontrol P14 process stationsProcontrol P14 needs only two types of module to perform the main signal conditioning and control tasks - the universal I/O module and the universal control module. These two modules alone cover 80 percent of all power plant control functions. The result is a control system with a clear structure, lower inventory costs and simpler maintenance.The I/O and control modules are housed in the Procontrol P14 process station along with the coupling modules for the human machine interface (HMI) and external systems like MODBUS TCP/RTU, PLCs, and third-party equipment. The station can be connected to the remote bus via an optional bus coupler or it can operate in stand-alone mode.Many powerful featuresThe Procontrol P14 process station has many powerful features:• Only two types of module are required to perform all signal conditioning and control tasks• Control modules process the information independently (like a multiprocessor system). No central processing units are required, unlike other distributed control systems • I/O modules have their own processors.This makes signal acquisition and conditioning more efficient• Standard cable connections to junction boxes avoid the need for marshaling racks• Availability of all process variables via remote bus in real-time• Easy distribution of control tasks between different process stations to best suit plant requirements• Easy to extend without influencing engineered applicationsPerfectly simpleThe programmable universal input module includes many features that were not previously available. All types of transmitters used in power plants can be connected to the I/O modules.The programmable universal controller is used for all binary and analog control functions. The programming determines whether the controller has to control a drive, a function group, a discrete regulation task or a complex processing function. Interfaces are available for connecting to external and third-party control systems and automation devices.—03 Universal I/O module 81EU5004 Universal control module 83SR5005 Remote bus coupling module 88TK50P14 Process Stations Redundant Remote BusP14 Process Stations Engineering Network TimeserverOperations Server P14 Engineering, Programming and Diagnosis ToolsOperations ClientsModbusTCP /RTUPDDS CDS6PRO CO NTRO L P 14 CO M PL E TE P OW ER PL A NT CO NTR O L S Y S TEM—Single communication system with exceptional flexibility—One of Procontrol P14’s uniquefeatures and greatest strengthsis its data transfer system.In the P14 data transfer system the station busand the remote bus form a single communicationsystem. All process signal changes are available inreal time on the station bus for each station in thesystem. This enables related functions such assignal acquisition, signal conditioning and binaryand analog control to be located either togetherin one station (stand-alone system) or distributedbetween different stations (according to controlfunctions).There are, therefore, no restrictions on where themodules can be located; any free slot can be used.This makes Procontrol P14 especially suitable forrefurbishing existing power plants. Expansion ofexisting control systems is easy: it is achievedwithout having to shut the system down andwithout creating interface problems betweenmodules.—06 Procontrol P14system structure High-speed redundant remote bus The high-speed remote bus is based on the FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) token ring network architecture in accordance with ISO 9314. It is connected to the station bus via remote bus coupling modules.Optical fiber cables are used for the connections. These are insensitive to electromagnetic interference and can transmit data over distances of up to 2,000 m between stations and at a high data transfer rate of 100 Mbit/s. Maximum network sizes of up to 100 km can be achieved.The remote bus does not require any common central components and can therefore restructure the system and maintain communication itself in the event of a fault, such as a cable interruption. In this way it fulfills the highest demands for availability.Single station bus The station bus is the backbone of the P14 process station. It links the I/O, processing and communication modules to the system. It comprises backplane Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) on all the racks, which are connectedtogether by system cables.7Configuration, Engineering, Information, Documentation and ServiceSince it is directly connected to the PROCONTROL P14 bus, P14 Engineering has access to all the modules of the internal control system throughout the plant. Integrated database management ensures that the plant data and its appertaining documentation are always consistent and “up-to-date”.A network links P14 Engineering to the HMI system and the Programming, Diagnosis and Display System (PDDS).P14 Engineering is designed for the Microsoft Windows® operating system and runs on standard personal computers. An extendable client/server architecture supports multiple users operating in a network environment.The main tasks of P14 Engineering are:• Hierarchical data structure in the P14 Engineering Navigator• Data input for the acquisition and maintenance of measurement and drive data• Functional planning - a must for cross-system engineering • Graphic re-documentation• Online function plan - service made easy• System planning• Wiring planning• Service and diagnostics• User and rights management• Documentation and Information Management • Import / export functions - processing mass dataP14 Engineering offers both a function-oriented as well as a location-oriented way of working. The power plant designation system or the device location can be used to identify engineering objects. A function is displayed graphically in a functional chart in which the user can make all changes directly.The graphic editor knows all PROCONTROL P14 function blocks and their link rules. The function blocks and connections are automatically arranged in the functional diagram.P14 Engineering updates and automatically displays all connections to other function charts. All cross-references are therefore always up-to-date and it is possible to navigate through horizontally-linked function charts by simply selecting the inputs and outputs.—PROCONTROL P14P14 Engineering – Engineering, Configuration and Service System—07 P14 EngineeringUser-Interface8PRO CO NTRO L P14 CO M PL E TE P OW ER PL A NT CO NTR O L S Y S TEMIf changes are made at any point in the control system, P14 Engineering will automatically update all affected function charts. Faulty connections are checked during entry and rejected if necessary.System ArchitectureThe system architecture of the P14 Engineering system can range from a single station to a complex client/server architecture. Individual adaption to the size of the control system is possible. One P14 Engineering server can be used for several plants or individual plant parts.The P14 Engineering server communicates with the clients via the engineering network. In the planning phase P14 Engineering can operate without connection to the control system. Commissioning and maintenance require a connection to the PROCONTROL prehensive FunctionalitiesThe P14 Engineering system contains all applications necessary for a concurrent engineering of the process control system. Starting with the applications for the definition of measuring points and loops, for function design, system and cabinet layout, system wiring and the application for service and diagnostics, all functions are available which allow effective system configuration, documentation, commissioning and maintenance.The integrated documentation and information management system simplifies the view of design data entered, including the integrated third-party documents. For easy handling, theP14 Engineering applications are arranged in several views. These views support the organization, navigation and localization of control system data and documents.—08 P14 Engineering Navigator9The programming, diagnosis and display system (PDDS) is used to download Procontrol P14 instruction lists to the P14 modules or to read back instruction lists from the modules for modification.Modifications to instruction lists can be performed online or offline. Online change means that the interaction of the automation system with the process will not be interrupted, and the module will operate with the modified data in the next processing cycle. Offline change means that the control operation of a module will be interrupted for receiving new data only.The PDDS also displays current signals and simulated signals. It includes file management facilities for handling the lists and for PROM operation.PDDS incorporates a comprehensive range of essential features:• Creation and modification of instruction lists in online and offline mode• Archiving of instruction lists• Downloading of instruction lists to the modules • Read-back of instruction lists from the modules • Printout of instruction lists• Display and printout of bus signals and internal module signals• Simulation of module input signals• File management• List operation• System diagnosis—Easy and efficient configuration and programming—09 PDDS mainoperating mode —10 PDDS systemstructure —09—1010PRO CO NTRO L P14 CO M PL E TE P OW ER PL A NT CO NTR O L S Y S TEMDiagnosis and maintenanceThe control diagnostic system (CDS) builds on two of Procontrol P14’s unique features: that each I/O has its own microprocessor and is therefore independent and able to monitor and diagnose itself; and that all process data is available via the bus to all other modules within the system. As a result, CDS is able to recognize all the modules in the system and display them graphically together with their current status information.Each I/O module communicates its status data, type and location. From this information, CDS generates the control system graphically on the screen and shows all the cabinets. Cabinets can be individually identified and their states are indicated by different colors. Clicking on a cabinet ‘opens’ its door and shows the modules in their racks graphically. Clicking a second time on a module displays the current contents of the diagnosis register of that module. If a failure occurs CDS guides the user by highlighting the cabinet, module and register concerned and by displaying a description of the cause.CDS also provides an online recommendation for corrective action. It includes a report function for analyzing control system and process disturbances such as crossing a limit value. Recorded data can be filtered according to period of time, components and type disturbances. CDS’s clear graphic displays enable a comprehensive diagnosis down to the transmitter level without having to be specially configured. This makes it a valuable instrument for efficiently diagnosing and correcting disturbances.—Self-diagnosis and rapid corrective action —11 CDS system overview11Turbine control systemThe turbine control system comprises standard Procontrol P14 universal control and I/O modules and includes functions for:• Signal conditioning• Protection• Binary control• Analog control• MonitoringEach of these functions has a clearly defined task while running up or shutting down the turbine and while operating in the load control mode. The measured variables are preprocessed in the electronic input circuits of the binary and analog control modules.Procontrol P14 components have proved extremely reliable for turbine protection. As with other parts of the power plant control system, the turbine control system has a hierarchical structure and a functionally distributed layout. Control of the turbine is fully automatic. The turbine regulator part of the steam turbine control system is designed to control small to medium-sized turbines in mainly industrial applications, as well as the large re-heater turbines used by power utilities (TURBOTROL). Highly adaptable standard modules enable a wide range of applications to be covered using standard, well-proven configurations.For example, to raise the efficiency of power plants it is common to tap off some of the steam between IP and LP turbines for district heating. The associated district heating controller can be implemented using TURBOTURN and as an extension to TURBOTROL.—Reliable turbine automation—/power-generation/systems/power-plant-automation/p14—800xA is a registered or pending trademarkof ABB. All rights to other trademarksreside with their respective owners.We reserve the right to make technicalchanges to the products or modify thecontents of this document without priornotice. With regard to purchase orders,the agreed particulars shall prevail.ABB does not assume any responsibilityfor any errors or incomplete informationin this document.We reserve all rights to this documentand the items and images it contains. Thereproduction, disclosure to third partiesor the use of the content of this document–including parts thereof – are prohibitedwithout ABB’s prior written permission.Copyright© 2021 ABBAll rights reserved2VAA4575D。
per 文件转化为 4fd 文件操作步骤
还在使用修改 fglprofile 文件的方法吗? 这种方式弱爆了,反正我是捣鼓了半天没成功过。 下面提供另一种可以实现的方法且屡试不爽。 1. 给 Genero Studio 注册 License 没有注册 License 的 Genero Studio 窗口打开是下面这样的:
3. 新建一个 4pd 的 project :
4. 导入 ds.sch 文件进刚刚建立的 project 文件: 位置:Database Import Sch File.. 如果导入报错,看下 Output message 窗口,如果是下面的错的话:
需要改下 Studio 的编码格式设置: 位置:Tools Preferences 确保这里的 Text Encoding 为 UTF-8 类型。
修改完之后再次导入应该就没问题了,如果有问题就要具体看下 Output Message 中报 的错,对比 ds.sch 中哪里存在着错误
5. Genero Studio 配置大功告成,开始使用转换功能吧。 位置:File Import Text Form(.per).. 选择需要转换的 per 文件,一番等待后,4FD 窗口文件就可以转换出来了,保存就可以 使用了。
6. 个人小提示: (可以忽略) 有的版本的服务器转出来的 4fd 在 r.f2 的时候会报下面这样的错:
解决方法:只要手动进入 4FD 文件把所有的 CHAR 替换成 VARCHAR 即可 仅仅是小提示,如果没出现上面这个报错纯属正常。
Байду номын сангаас
注册完 License 后的窗口是下面这样的:
注册方法: 找到开始菜单中的安装图标,见下图标注:
点开这个 Genero BDL Licenser 程序: License 从服务器上 fglprofile 文件最末端找到的
Proe4 安装教程
Proe4.0安装方法(图解)+下载1.修改环境变量。
首先请右击“我的电脑”,然后依次点“属性”,“高级”,“环境变量”,在用户变量中新建一个变量,变量名:lang,变量值chs,(chs就是简体中文的意思,以保证你的安装界面是简体中文),(如果不进行这一步操作的话安装界面里可能会显示乱码,我这里是这样的,如果你的安装界面里没有乱码,可以跳过这一步)选中“环境变量”2、双击运行CD1目录下的setup.exe,显示界面如下建立一个文本文件,写下你上图中左下角的网卡号,即PTC主机ID后面的。
打开你下载的PTC安装程序目录下crack目录下的ptc_li-4.0.dat(用记事本打开),替换网卡号。
复制下图中选中内容到查找内容中,替换为中输入你的网卡号,就是刚才说过的网卡号,没记下来的点退出重新运行安装程序,或者在开始菜单里点运行,输入cmd,然后输入命令行ipconfig/all,回车后找到一行:Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-xx-xx-00-00-xx后面的也是你的网卡号然后点全部替换,保存。
然后点图中的“下一个”(应该是翻译成“下一步”的:)选中“接受许可证协议的条款和条件”,继续点“下一个”当然是点第2项“Pro/Engineer & Pro/Engineer Mechanica”,然后进入下面的界面在这一步我们要选择安装路径,你可以点箭头所示的文件夹图标选择安装路径或直接输入安装路径。
我们可以安装到D:\Program Files\proeWildfire 4.0下。
另外注意选择你要安装的组件,对不想安装的组件,点驱动器图标,然后选择“不安装此功能”,我这里选择了不安装帮助文件(帮助文件很占空间的,一般可能看的人不多),另外注意默认已经安装的中文和英文语言,我这里没选择安装Mechanic。
然后点“下一个”,到下面的界面:显示没有许可证,我们来添加一下,选定“锁定的许可证文件”,然后浏览到你的许可证文件,注意你浏览许可证的时候,如果对那个浏览对话框很不习惯或者干脆找不到,那你就直接输入许可证文件路径。
550普罗米修斯4系统升级图文教程
安装说明:
本教程适用于PSP1000/2000非V3自制系统用户。
PSP3000/2000V3用户请移步这里,查看PSP3000/2000V3适用系统。
软件安装:
1.使用USB线连接电脑和PSP,下载软件,将其解压,得到名为“PSP”文件夹。
2.将解压得到的“PSP”拷贝至PSP记忆棒根目录下,如提示覆盖选择覆盖全部即可(注:覆盖并不影响文件夹内其它文件)。
升级说明:
1.升级PSP系统有一定风险,请玩家自行斟酌,谨慎操作;
2.升级之后遇到不能运行的玩家,请在XMB界面下按Select键呼出Vsh菜单,将UMD ISO MODE设定为M33 driver。
升级教程:
1.如果你的PSP是普罗米修斯系统,请继续下一步。
如果不是,请参考这里,先将你的PSP主机升级至普罗米修斯系统。
PS:550 GEN-D3系统也可直接升级。
2.安装完毕之后,打开PSP,在游戏目录下,可以看到5.50普罗米修斯4系统的升级图标,进入吧。
3.进入之后,出现如下图所示界面,根据提示选择:×键为安装系统,R键为退出软件。
这里按×键选择安装系统。
4.安装成功,接下来根据提示再次按×键,退出软件即可。
PS:这里如果未成功,首先请确认安装无误。
如安装正常,请检查你的PSP记忆棒根目录下有无550.PBP这个文件,没有话,请点击这里下载5.50的官方系统固件,然后重命名为550.PBP放到记忆棒中(注:此系统根据官方5.50系统破解而来,如记忆棒中没有5.50官方系统在升级时会提示失败)。
5.升级之后,再次查看主机的系统,已经变成了Prome-4。
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Project 4 FileSystem作者:电子科技大学2014.2.7文件系统是操作系统的五大功能模块之一,主要实现操作系统对程序、数据、设备等的管理。
一、当前pintos文件系统的功能当前pintos文件系统已经实现了基本的文件创建删除功能。
文件是固定大小,连续存放的。
(1)文件在磁盘的存储方式:每个文件都有一个disk_inode存放在磁盘的一个扇区上,其结构如下:struct inode_disk{block_sector_t start; //文件数据每一个起始块off_t length; //文件长度。
unsigned magic; //uint32_t unused[125];};现在pintos文件是连续的,而且在创建时指定其大小后,再不能改变大小。
由起始扇区和文件大小就能找到所有文件数据。
目录也是一个文件,只是其容中都存放如下结构:struct dir_entry{Block_sector_t inode_sector; //文件inode_disk 所在扇区。
Char name[NAME_MAX+1];Bool in_use;};(2)磁盘空闲空间管理方式。
空闲空间是用位图来表示的。
其中位图也是一个文件,其disk inode存放在Sector 0.位图文件大小显然与磁盘大小有关,用一个位表示一个扇区是否被分配,一个扇区512字节,一个扇区作为一个物理块,创建一个2M的磁盘,有1024*1024*2/512bit=4096bit= 4096/8=512Byte。
(3)文件系统初始化过程:在init.c:main()函数中调用了filesys_init();1. 在filesys_init()中,初始化了bitmap,而且对磁盘进行了格式化。
其中格式化就是创建了两个文件,一个用来管理空闲块的位置图文件,一个是根目录文件。
2.Filesys_init()中调用了free_map_init(),在free_map_init()中调用bitmap_create()创建了位图,大小依据磁盘大小。
而且标记了0 1两个扇区为已经分配,作为free_map_file的disk_inode空间和根目录文件的disk_inode空间。
此时free_map只是在存中。
3.Filesys_init()中又调用了do_format()在do_format()中:调用了free_map_create(),创建了free_map_file,即一个文件,其disk_inode已经在上面分配了,再分配文件大小即可,这是由调用inode_create函数来实现的。
创建这个文件时显然需要分配磁盘空闲块,就从在存中的free_map位图中分配就可以。
文件创建好了之后,打开文件,把存中的位图free_map写到磁盘上,这是调用bitmap_write()实现的,本质还是用file_write()实现的。
File_write()是通过inode_write_at()写磁盘的。
在do_format()中还创建根目录文件,ROOT_DIR_SECTOR已经标记了,分配文件所需要的空间就行了。
4. Filesys_init()调用了free_map_open()把free_map读入存。
其实就是打开上面创建的free_map文件,读数据入存。
直到系统关闭时才将free_map写回到磁盘上。
首先在存中建立了磁盘的位图,标记了根目录和free_map本身的disk_inode结构扇区。
上面的存free_map立就保证创建文件时可以分配磁盘空间了。
而inode_create()中就需要调用free_map_allocate()来获取空闲物理块。
如果不格式化,则以前必然格式化过,直接读入free_map就行。
(4)目录创建过程。
Pintos原来已经实现了创建目录的功能,但是只创建根目录,而且根目录只能包含16个文件,即16个dir_entry结构。
目录本质也是一个文件,根目录是特殊的文件,在filesys.h中有宏定义:#define ROOT_DIR_SECTOR 1.在ROOT_DIR_SECTOR中,也就是第1个扇区中存放了根目录的disk_inode.上面已经提到了,在格式化时创建了根目录。
(5)文件打开过程。
调用filesys_open().每个打开的文件在在都维护了一个唯一的数据结构inode(为了与disk_inode区别,这个叫memory inode).以下是memory inode结构:Struct inode{Struct list_elem elem;Block_sector_t sector;Int open_cnt;Bool removed;Int deny_write_cnt;Struct inode_disk data;};打开一个文件显然就是在存中创建一个inode结构,其中struct inode_disk data保存了该文件对应的磁盘中的inode. 如果此文件已经打开了,则只需要增加open_cnt的值,不用再创建一个inode. 这些inode通过一个链表链结到一起的,在filesys_init()中初始化了这个链表。
具体过程:调用filesys_open(const char filename); 首先打开根目录,然后在根目录中依据filename查找文件。
如果找到了,也就是找到了此文件对应的struct dir_entry结构,里面记录了文件disk_inode, disk_inode中记录文件数据起始位置和文件大小,这就可以读写文件了。
当然,还需要建立文件对应的memory inode.其中data就是此文件的disk_inode.通过filesys_open()只能得到文件的inode. 如果此文件是普通文件,则调用fileopen(inode)把inode包装成struct file结构;如果是目录就调用dir_open把inode包装成struct dir.Struct file结构如下:Struct file{Struct inode *inode;Off_t pos;Bool deny_write;};(6)文件的创建过程.创建一个文件要有文件名和文件大小,每一个文件在磁盘中都有一个struct disk_inode 结构,每个文件和目录都要在一个目录下,在目录文件中,struct dir_entry中记录了每个该目录下的文件的文件名,以及每个文件disk_inode所在扇区号。
具体是通过调用filesys_create(const char *name,off_t initial_size)实现的.首先调用struct dir *dir =dir_open_root()打开根目录。
以下struct dir结构。
Struct dir{Struct inode *inode;Off_t pos}; 本质就是一个文件,读写目录与读写普通文件没有区别。
然后调用free_map_allocate分配一个扇区sector作为新文件的disk_inode.再调用inode_create(sector,initial_size)分配文件所需要磁盘空间,分配的空间是连续的扇区。
最后创建一个struct dir_entry结构,把文件名和其sector填入其中,在目录中找一个位置放入就可以了。
(7)文件的读写。
调用filesys_open()打开文件,这就得到了struct file结构,如下:些结构记录了当前文件指针位置pos。
File_read() file_write()分配是通过inode_read_at()和inode_write_at()实现的。
二、对disk_inode的改进当前pintos文件系统限制很大。
文件需要连续存储,这会导致大量磁盘碎片。
文件大小固定,不能动态增长文件,只有一个目录。
这里主要把连续存储方式改为了linux中三级索引结构,而且可以动态增长文件,可以创建子目录。
三级索引结构:三级索引:128*128*128*512=1GB总大小1GB8M72K通过修改struct disk_inode结构来实现三级索引结构。
修改过的disk_inodeStruct inode_disk{Off_t length; //文件长度Uint32_t blocks[BLOCK_NUM]; //三级索引区Unsigned isdir; //此文件是不是目录Unsigned magic;Uint32_t unused[110];};修改inode_create()Inode_read_at()Inode_write_at()三个函数即可。
空闲磁盘块依然用位图管理。
可以用free_map_allocate()获得一个空闲物理块。
用free_map_release()来释放物理块。
只用写文件才有可能增长一个文件的大小。
读写文件一般是给出.1.改变了disk_inode, 自然要从inode_create开始入手。
代码见附录。
因为要区分目录和普通文件,所以对原来的inode_create进行了扩展,改为了boolinode_create_ex (block_sector_t sector, off_t length,uint32_t isdir);增加了isdir参数。
重新定义了一个函数:bool inode_create(block_sector_t sector,off_t length){return inode_create_ex(sector,length,0);}用这个来代替原来的inode_create。
Inode_create执行时文件的disk_inode已经分配了,只需要分配文件数据空间,这里并不从free_map中分配空间,只是简单的把索引初始化为0。
新创建的文件容应为全0,所以调用了inode_write_at()来把文件容写为全0;在写的过程中如果发现空间未分配,则会分配。
2.读写文件读写文件时会给出文件指针偏移offset和要读写的大小。
需要根据offset来确定要读写的扇区,通过上面的公式可以计算出扇区号。
计算代码见附录。
定义如下结构:struct PosInfo{uint16_t lev; //索引级别uint32_t off; //数据扇区部偏移uint32_t sn[4]; //sn[i]表示i级索引块的扇区号uint32_t np[4];//np[i]表示i级索引块的偏移.};根据offset可以计算出offset在几级索引中----lev最后的数据块中的偏移-------off举例:如果offset=215364 size=865 buff=…要从文件215364字节处读取865字节到buff中。