英语语法概论

找出下列句子中的间接宾语：
a. Have you lend her the money? b. Bob asked his teacher a question. c. The police showed me the way. d. She is telling her mother the secret. e. Please give your son this book. f. Did your father buy you the car?
语法概述
语法很简单。从大的方向分，只有词法和句
法两大块。 1.词法有十类：名词、动词、代词、数词、形 容词、副词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词 2.句法就是句子的框架结构： 1）句子成分：主/谓/表/宾/补/定/状/同位语 2）句子类型：按用途分陈述句/疑问句/祈使/ 感叹句；按结构分简单句/并列句和复合句。
2. 应该如何学习语法 1）基本概念最重要。要把它搞清，记牢。 2）要大量实践练习，各个击破。 3）应多用比较法，对较难的语法项目进行相互对比效果 会好些。如： I have seen the film. （影响）I saw it last week. I study English hard. I’ve studied it for 3 years. 4）要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法就不必 钻牛角尖，进行徒劳的分析。 5）语法是入门的向导，像拐棍。达到一定水平后就扔掉。
语法很重要。如果用大楼作比喻，词法就是砖瓦 水泥；句法就是盖楼的设计图纸。二者紧密相连， 就像人的血肉和骨骼。 词法很重要。用电影作比较：名词是男女演员， 代词是替身演员；形容词、数词、冠词好比演员 的身份、相貌和华丽的外衣；动词是动作表演， 副词是表情和武打设计；介词和连词可比作情节 设计，使整个剧情连接起来；感叹词相当于小品 演员，夸张的表情让你印象深刻。
不及物动词当谓语: 不及物动词后不直接跟宾语.
如:

John travels. My car runs.
句子成分:表语/宾语



表语说明主语是什么或怎么样,用在系动词后面. 如: He is a singer. (singer是表语) You are clever. (clever是表语) 宾语:用在谓语之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语是什么或做 什么. 如:Mr. Smith loves pop music. (pop music是宾语) We enjoy traveling. (travelling是宾语)
第一讲 关于英语语法
本课特点:
长话短说。轻理论，重实例展示； 轻抽象术语，重实际运用。 回答两个问题：语法的重要性和学习方法 1.语法是语言的法则和规律。它可以： 1)使你学得快些（前人总结的法则） 2)使你学得透些（对语言现象知其所以然） 3)使你学得准些（语言法则是准绳） 4)可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜。

答案: quite well, for a week, arriving at the station, if I have spare time, to learn French, tomorrow
找出句子中的同位语
The
future belongs to you young people. They each have a dictionary. Is there any room for us two? Then aroused the questBiblioteka Baiduon where we were to get the machine needed.


答案:chief delegate, true, to stay in bed,walking into the shop, up and up, in order
找出句子中的定语




I have something important to tell you. They are women pilot. The sun is 93,000,000 miles away. Allison met me on her way home. We’ll have a report on current affairs. The girl playing the violin is a fresher. Those who want to go may go. That’s the teaching plan for you to discuss.
找出下列句子中的直接宾语：
Daniel visited Jennifer last Sunday. We love each other. I need six. I don’t know where he has gone. They began to quarrel among themselves. Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?
找出下列句子中的谓语：
a.
b. c.
d. e.
The young people are laughing loudly. Workers can wear their old uniforms. The supervisor will listen to an employee’s concerns. The workers appear angry. The president’s remarks were inspiring.
找出下列句子中的主语：
The manager is a well-known scholar. I read newspaper every day. Three is enough for me. To be a teacher is his dream. Smoking is harmful to health. What we shall do next is not decided.
答案:
young people, each, two, where we were to get the machine needed
辨别下列句子分别属于哪种句型？
a.
b. c. d. e. f.
答案: her, his teacher, me, her mother, your son, you
找出句子中的宾语补足语
The general manager appointed her chief delegate to the conference. He doesn’t believe the story true. The doctor advised her to stay in bed. They saw her walking into the shop. The children saw the kite up and up. You should put your books in order.
找出下列句子中的表语：
a. My job is teaching you how to do it. b. You are my friend. c. The book is mine. d. The flowers smell wonderful. e. Nobody is in the room. f. The football match is on. g. My job is to look after the children.

句子成分:同位语
同位语位于名词或名词性短语之后,说明其内
容,对其做进一步解释.一般有名词/名词性短 语或从句担任. 如:This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital. (director of our hospital是同位语) You girls may take those seats over there. (girls 是同位语)

语法基础知识
字母的大小写：大写字母用于句子/专有名词/标题 中主要单词的首字母和缩略语。 标点符号（11种：句、逗、问、感叹、分、冒、破 折、括、撇号、连字符号） 字母与单词（5个元音21个辅音字母；单词都有属 性。） 句子的构成：主语部分＋谓语部分 主语——名词及其限定词（谁） 谓语——动词极其修饰语（干什么）

简单句句型：所有英语句子不外乎五种： 1. s v （主语＋不及物动词） 如: The moon rose slowly. 2. s v o （主语＋及物动词＋宾语） 如: Jane is reading a story. 3. s v c （主语＋系动词＋表语） 如: David became an engineer. 4. s v o o （主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语(人)+直接宾语） 如:Jane taught the children English. 5. s v o c （主语＋及物动词＋宾语+宾补） 如: I heard him singing in the hall.
句子成分: 主语/谓语
主语:
我们谈及或记录的人\地点\事物,可以是 单数或复数. 如: It’s sunny.(It为主语) We like reading.(we为主语) 谓语: 由动词构成,表明主语是什么或做什么. 谓语动词可以是系动词\及物动词或不及物动 词. 如: Katherin is my sister. (is为谓语)
答案:important, women, 93,000,000, home,on current affairs, playing the violin, who want to go, for you to discuss.
找出句子中的状语
Daisy
speaks English quite well. He has been in the hospital for a week. Arriving at the station, he found her gone. If I have spare time, I will take up German. Gaby went to France to learn French. Fred is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

句子成分:定语/状语
定语用来修饰名词或代词的, 表示”…的”. 如: The green cup is mine. (the green为定语) They like glass window. (glass为定语) 状语是用来修饰动词\形容词\副词,表示行为发生的 时间\地点\方式\程度\目的等。 如:He drives carefully.(carefully是状语) To be a musician, he practiced a lot. (不定式是目的状语)
句子成分:补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语.补语分为宾语补足语 和主语补足语. 宾语补足语:有些句子有宾语也不足以把意思表达完 整,还需要在宾语后加一些词或短语使句子更完整. 如: I will make you queen. (queen是宾语补足语) We found Anne out. (out是宾语补足语)
Katherin
loves novels. (love为谓语, love是及 物动词,及物动词必须跟一个直接宾语novels--即表明动词直接指向的人或物) 带有间接宾语的及物动词: 间接宾语一般由人充当,是直接宾语的接受者. 如:John gave Katherine some flowers. (gave 是谓语,间接宾语是Katherine,直接宾语some flowers)