House prices房价
kaggle比赛案例
kaggle比赛案例
以下是一些著名的Kaggle比赛案例：
1. 丘世勇房价预测比赛（House Prices: Advanced Regression Techniques）: 这是一个经典的房价预测比赛，参赛选手需要根据给定的房屋特征，建立模型来预测房价。
比赛提供了一个包含79个特征的训练数据集和一个测试数据集，选手需要使用训练数据集训练模型，并在测试数据集上进行预测。
2. 银行客户流失预测比赛（Predicting churn for bank customers）: 这个比赛要求选手使用一个银行客户数据集来预测客户是否会流失。
数据集包含包括客户个人信息、交易历史等属性。
选手需要根据这些属性建立模型，预测客户是否会流失。
3. 葡萄酒质量预测比赛（Wine Quality Prediction）: 这个比赛要求选手根据一组描述葡萄酒化学特征的数据，预测葡萄酒的质量等级。
选手需要使用机器学习算法建立模型，并在测试集上进行预测。
4. 泰坦尼克号乘客生存预测比赛（Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster）: 这个比赛要求选手根据乘客的个人信息（如年龄、性别、舱位等）来预测其在泰坦尼克号撞击冰山后是否幸存。
参赛选手需要使用机器学习算法建立模型，并在测试集上进行预测。
以上只是一些Kaggle比赛案例的例子，Kaggle上有众多其他
类型的比赛，涉及领域广泛，包括计算机视觉、自然语言处理、金融等。
选手可以根据自己的兴趣和领域选择参加适合自己的比赛。
什么是房价收入比？房价收入比如何计算？
什么是房价收入比？房价收入比如何计算？导读:本文介绍在房屋买房，房价的一些知识事项，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
房价收入比指住房价格与城市居民家庭年收入之比，合理的房价收入比的取值范围为4-6，国际上通用的房价收入比的计算方式，是以住宅套价的中值，除以家庭年收入的中值。
房天下为大家整理了房价收入比的概念方式与计算方式，希望为您提供帮助。
所谓房价收入比(HousingPrice-to-Income Ratio)，是指住房价格与城市居民家庭年收入之比。
以北京为例：2009年一套4环以内普通两居室新房80平米，按疯狂涨价后单价2万5千元计算，平均200万左右；若以工作五年的中产阶级家庭为单位买房，假设夫妇月工资为2000元，则家庭月收入达到4000元，年收入为4.8万元。
这样房价收入比则为40，比美国的10倍大了30倍，严重偏离合理的房价收入比。
一般认为，合理的房价收入比的取值范围为4-6，若计算出的房价收入比高于这一范围，则认为其房价偏高，房地产可能存在泡沫，高出越多，则存在泡沫的可能性越大，泡沫也就越大。
国际上通用的房价收入比的计算方式，是以住宅套价的中值，除以家庭年收入的中值。
家庭年收入则是指全部家庭成员的年度税前收入，通常包括夫妇二人。
家庭年收入同样取中值。
在发达国家，统计家庭年收入只要看纳税记录就很清楚，但在中国情况要复杂得多........按照国际惯例，目前比较通行的说法认为，房价收入比在3-6倍之间为合理区间，如考虑住房贷款因素，住房消费占居民收入的比重应低于30%。
我国各个城市的房价收入比是不平衡的，中小城市的房价收入比多在六倍以上，属于房价过高的范畴，据调查，全国大部分大中城市房价收入比超过6倍，其中北京、沈阳、贵阳、南京、广州、大连和西安的比率都超过了20甚至更高。
房价收入比是一个有严格内涵的概念，具体应用时要注意其到底是什么情况下的房价收入比。
在西方，房价收入比有新建住宅的（新房交易)、也有旧有住宅的(二手房交易），所选取的房价是中位数价格，家庭收入是中位数收入。
high price housing 高房价英语演讲
Will the house price fall?Hello ,my dear teacher and classmates！Let me introduce myself. My name is *** ,and I major in high way and rail way engineering，Architectural engineering institute.Interested in the economy and current news, so today, I want to talk about this topic—Will the High price housing fall? This is the hottest focus in the past 10 years in china, from 2003 to 2013, the price of the real estate developed with high speed. I often listened to people talk about the house price on bus and train, in streets and restaurants, almost eyerywhere. So I want to capitalize on /take this opportunity to predict the future house price. If we want to know the trend of future house price, first of all, we should analyze these three questions.1、What is reason that the high price housing appeared ?2、What effect is the high price housing for society?3、Will the housing price fall indeed ?What is reason that the high price housing appeared ?There are many reasons to push up the house price. As what I listed, the main reasons are: 1. Overdemand. The chinese urbanization rate is 26.41% in 1990, but the figure went to 53.73% in 2013, generally estimated, four hundred million people from the countryside migrated to cities. meanwhile, China's migrant workers reached to 269 millon totally in 2013, but the number of migrant workers was only 60millon in the early 1990s. The number increased 4.48 times in the past 20 years.2. Land price(is too high.)We all know that our land is limited. With the increasing of cities’population, building land in cities is less and less, land becomes more and more scarce, land price certainly becomes higher. Most of the time, land costs account for all the construction cost 50%-70%, account for the housing price 20%-30%. That is why we know that the imperial estate appeared frequently in the news.3、Economic policy. The government only attaches great importance to the growth of GDP for a long time. After the 2008 economic crisis, the central government launched the 4trillion investment plan. The central bank issue too much money, at the same time, unemployment, inflation and recession affect economic development. In addition , Chinese real-estate tycoons, the basic process of accumulation of wealth, is "low-cost access to land, to banks and other financial institutions mortgage cash, for the next round of the operation of the land, by taking money and so on, until the chain of funds to support". And there is a direct relationship between the process operation and official corruption.What effect is the high price housing for society?1、Personal credit pressure increasing. For most ordinary people, they are under high cost of living pressure and life pressure, in addition to income monthly mortgage, there is not much left.2、Affecting social harmony.High price lead to wealth to the rich, widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich have a few sets, dozens of sets of houses, and the poor have no place to live in. As house price continue to rise, the gap between rich and poor is getting wider, which leads to many people resent the rich and government staff..3、Violent relocation events.The high price lead to violent relocation events happened continually. Facing high price and huge profits, some real estate developers rush into danger, take the violent measures. The street was threatened, was wounded, and even forced to kill himself. Compulsory relocations have occurred from time to time.4、The concept of spouse choosing changing.In the context of high price, more and more parents consider the house is a prerequisite for the daughters if they would marry. In this way, some of the young people under the pressure of life, put the house in the first place. In recent years, the house caused false marriage, false divorce cases again and again, meet the eye everywhere, which proved the concept of spouse choosing a negative impact on the marital property distribution.The last and most important, will the housing price fall ? Many people are concerned about the problem. Recently, the house prices of Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Qinhuangdao begin to fall, many people and some experts said that the housing bubble would burst, but others think that the prices of third-and fourth-tier cities and rural regions would fall down, in contrast, super big city such as Beijing, Shanghai, prices are not easy to fall. In my opinion, a sharp drop in price will not happen. Because the central government can't afford to falling house prices. The economic downturn will lead to a large number of bank bad debts. Many families assets would shrink seriously, which can trigger social unrest. But, at the same time, the house price won't rise sharply, to be honest, prices is too high indeed.。
房地产价格指数的计算
房地产价格指数的计算
一、房地产价格指数的概念
房地产价格指数（House Price Index，简称HPI）是指根据房地产
市场的实际情况，以合理可依赖的数据为基础，以其中一时间点为基准，
对房地产报价水平变动的统计、分析与评价的指标。
HPI是量化房价指标，可以把多种信息变量融合到一起，以衡量房价波动的影响、分析房价变化
的趋势及推断房价的未来变化趋势等目的。
二、房地产价格指数计算方法
1、基于多样性房价指数：
基于多样性房价指数通常包括地区、类型、空间结构、价格等几个方
面的变量，从房屋历史交易记录中提取房地产价格指数。
他们可以反映不
同房屋类型、地理位置和建筑物的价格变化情况，同时也可以识别市场上
类物体的价格市场。
2、基于样本抽样技术的房价指数：
基于样本抽样技术的房价指数是利用抽样的方法，从实际交易记录中
抽取一定数量的房屋信息，然后依据样本的房屋信息，通过价格变动的比
例确定指数数值。
这种类型的房价指数依赖样本的信息来反映更准确的价
格变动。
3、基于市场价格的房价指数：
基于市场价格的房价指数是利用平台上的市场价格的公开信息，以基
准时间点的市场价格作为基础，根据后续时间点的市场价格变化情况。
skyrocketing house prices
The picture shows that Shanghai residents were viewing the reconstruction model of Wuding Road, Jingan District on March 12, 1997 . There were 20000 buildings were being built in Shanghai at the same time.源自Home Ownership.
Skyrocketing House Prices In Recent Years
The Map of House Prices
Skyrocketing House Prices In Recent Years
Do you know how much was the average house prices in Hexi at ten years ago？ ￥4000/㎡ ￥40000/㎡
The picture shows that real estate developers advertised by “The judicial interpretation of the new marriage law ”(新 婚姻法司法说明)to attract people’s attention which advocated the concept of “have a house and a car ” at September 7, 2011 in Nanjing.
Skyrocketing House Prices In Recent Years
Compared to buying a house for marriage, divorce for buying a house has become a bizarre phenomenon recently in Shanghai. It is because that Shanghai government will implement a new policy of housing loans whose down payment(首付) is 70%, but the singles are not involved.
世界上房价最高的国家（2）
世界上房价最高的国家(2)世界十大国家房价大比拼1、最超前：美国平均工资：234936元/年平均房价：7784元/平方米工资房价比：30.1买房梦实现时间：约8年美国54个主要城市房价平均标价为229631美元/套，每套平均使用面积是177平方米，地产面积1416平方米。
按房屋每年的价格，每年还要交大约1.5%的房产税。
美国人的消费挂念十分朝前，虽然年均可购约30平米的房子，但是如果按照消费后收入算的话，年均可购房平米数应该在10平米左右，但是美国消费观念的影响，一般工作1-3年的收入就可以贷款在美国中部城市购买一个200平米以上的别墅了。
如果换算到中国，这座别墅的价值应该在1500万左右，中国人需要工作百年才能购得。
2、最炫富：卢森堡平均工资：294408元/年平均房价：约55万元/平方米工资房价比：0.5买房梦实现时间：百年对于卢森堡这个全世界收入最高的国家来说，计算房价可能更多的是一种调侃。
卢森堡的工资在欧洲乃至世界各国购买一套百平米的别墅都不是难事。
所谓寸土寸金，卢森堡有限的国土面积早就了世界最高的收入同时也造就了世界最高的房价。
延伸阅读：德富豪租公寓不买房：担心推高房价穷人买不起3、最昂贵：英国平均工资：约260000元/年平均房价：约2.2万元/平方米工资房价比：11.8买房梦实现时间：约10年英国智库机构“政策交流”预测，25年后，英国平均房价将从现在的24.4万英镑(约合245万人民币(6.7648, 0.0079, 0.12%))涨至78万英镑(782万人民币)。
这一数字依照英国政府一套复杂的公式计算得出，考虑了通货膨胀和房价预期。
这家机构说，英国平均房价现在是人均年收入的10倍。
考虑到现阶段首次购房人群的平均年龄为32岁，意味着现在一个6岁的孩子未来购房时负担将大为加重。
目前英国正在面对一场逐渐升温的住房危机，因为一份全职工作的平均年薪26000英镑，约合人民币26万元，而平均房价却是16万2000千英镑，约合人民币162万元。
怎么看待房价英语作文
怎么看待房价英语作文The issue of housing prices is a topic of significant concern in many countries around the world. It's a multifaceted issue with economic, social, and political implications. Here, I'll delve into various aspects of this issue in English.1. Economic Impact:Housing prices have a profound impact on the economy. Firstly, they affect the wealth of individuals and families. When housing prices rise, homeowners see an increase intheir net worth, which can lead to increased consumer spending and investment. Conversely, when prices fall, homeowners may cut back on spending, leading to a decreasein economic activity.Moreover, the housing market is closely tied to the financial sector. Fluctuations in housing prices can affect the stability of banks and other financial institutions,especially if they hold significant amounts of mortgage debt. The 2008 financial crisis, triggered in part by a collapse in housing prices, serves as a stark reminder of the potential consequences of housing market instability.2. Social Implications:Housing prices also have social implications, particularly in terms of affordability and inequality. In many cities, rising housing costs have outpaced income growth, making it increasingly difficult for low and middle-income individuals and families to afford housing. This can lead to housing insecurity, homelessness, and widening economic disparities.Furthermore, high housing prices can contribute to gentrification, as wealthier individuals move into previously affordable neighborhoods, driving up prices and displacing long-time residents. This can disrupt communities and erode social cohesion.3. Policy Responses:Addressing the issue of housing prices often requires a multifaceted approach involving both supply-side and demand-side measures. On the supply side, policymakers can encourage the construction of affordable housing through subsidies, zoning reforms, and streamlined approval processes. Increasing housing supply can help alleviate upward pressure on prices.On the demand side, policymakers may implement measures to improve housing affordability, such as providing assistance to first-time homebuyers, expanding rental assistance programs, and implementing regulations to curb speculation and predatory lending practices.Additionally, measures to promote inclusive growth and economic development can help address the underlyingfactors driving housing price inflation, such as income inequality and uneven regional development.4. Long-Term Outlook:Looking ahead, the issue of housing prices is likely to remain a prominent concern, particularly in rapidly growing urban areas where demand for housing is high. Climate change, technological advancements, and demographic shifts may also influence housing markets in the coming years.Ultimately, finding sustainable solutions to the challenge of housing affordability will require cooperation between government, the private sector, and civil society. By addressing the root causes of housing price inflation and implementing effective policy interventions, we can work towards creating more equitable and inclusive housing markets for all.。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
住宅平均价格指数计算公式
住宅平均价格指数计算公式住宅平均价格指数（House Price Index，HPI）是衡量房地产市场价格变化的重要指标。
它可以反映出房地产市场的整体价格水平和价格变动趋势，对于政府部门、金融机构和个人投资者来说都具有重要的参考价值。
本文将从住宅平均价格指数的计算公式入手，深入探讨HPI的意义、计算方法以及影响因素。
住宅平均价格指数的计算公式如下：HPI = (Σ(Pt Qt) / Σ(Pb Qb)) 100。
其中，HPI代表住宅平均价格指数，Pt代表当前期的房屋价格，Qt代表当前期的房屋数量，Pb代表基期的房屋价格，Qb代表基期的房屋数量。
通过这个公式，我们可以得到一个反映房地产市场价格变动的指数，从而更好地了解市场的发展趋势。
住宅平均价格指数的计算方法主要分为三个步骤，选择基期、收集数据、计算指数。
首先，选择一个基期作为参照期，通常选择一个相对平稳的时期作为基期，以便更好地反映市场的价格变动。
其次，收集当前期和基期的房屋价格和数量数据，这些数据可以通过政府部门、房地产中介机构和相关调查报告来获取。
最后，根据上面的公式进行计算，得出住宅平均价格指数。
住宅平均价格指数的意义主要体现在以下几个方面。
首先，它可以帮助政府部门监测房地产市场的价格变动，及时采取政策调控措施，维护市场稳定。
其次，对金融机构和个人投资者来说，住宅平均价格指数可以作为投资决策的重要参考，帮助他们更好地把握市场动向，降低投资风险。
另外，住宅平均价格指数还可以反映出居民的购房能力和经济发展水平，对于社会经济的发展具有一定的参考价值。
影响住宅平均价格指数的因素主要包括供求关系、经济发展水平、政策调控等。
首先，供求关系是影响房地产市场价格的重要因素，当房屋供大于求时，房价往往会下降；反之，当房屋供不足时，房价则会上涨。
其次，经济发展水平也会对住宅平均价格指数产生影响，经济发展水平较高的地区，房价往往会较高；而经济不景气的地区，房价则会较低。
The Housing Price in__ Shenzhen
The Housing Price in Shenzhen一：House priceThe housing price in Shenzhen, the first special economic zone in China, has seen continual growth since the end of 2005. Shenzhen City Land Resources and Housing Authority recently released analysis report revealed that the first quarter this year, the city’s average price of commercial housing 8126.14 Yuan / square meter, an increase of 25.63 percent. The average price of housing in the downtown area is 15,000-20,000 Yuan (US$1,980-2,630) per square meter while that of luxury housing is35,000-45,000 Yuan (US$4,610-5,920) per square meter. THE average housing price in the Shenzhen surpassed 10,000 Yuan (US$1,233) per square meter during the first three months of the year. The average price over thatthree-month period was 35.46 percent higher than the same period last year. Meanwhile, the average housing price outside the SEZ jumped 25.63 percent to 8,126 Yuan per square meter, according to the authority. Faced with high housing prices in Shenzhen, some homebuyers showed interest in nearby cities like Huizhou and Dongguan, where houses are much cheaper. Housing projects in these cities that were attending the fair attracted many homebuyers. Shenzhen's real estate developers, meanwhile, expressed interest in the lan d available in 21 inland cities.At present, house prices have been breakthroughs in bottleneck million, and its rising trend, although moderate, but prices can not curb. Look at a group of housing data, basic prices are: the central area (including the CBD, King, Huanggang and Xiangmihu area) house price per square meter in the 9,000 or so, some special projects, such as hotel apartments, more as high as the average price of 13,000 Yuan; Lo at around 8,000 Yuan, OCT, Nan Shan at 7,000 Yuan, 6,000 Yuan Longhua, Baoan Center area in about 5500 Yuan, Phuket area are about 5,000 Yuan, Longgang Rates relative-to-earth, about 4,000 Yuan. The ordinary department ,it is about 5000 to 6000 RMB per square.According to the latest news, Now In Shenzhen, the so called one of the most prosperous areas, the average price has got 20,800yuan/square,if you want to buy a 80 square suites, you’d pay off 1600000yuan,how astonished the price is . However, It was well known that the house price in Shenzhen fall greatly recently. There is no doubt that it’s a good news for citizen,According to " the Workers’ Daily " report, price of house of Shenzhen of strong all the time unabated began to give now to drop July trend. The data that natural resources of Shenzhen city land and house property management board published on August 9 shows, Shenzhen commodity house clinched a deal July all valence every square meter 9778 Yuan, dropped than June 1.7% , broke through begin every square meter from last year 10 thousand Yu Yuan's situation二：The reason for the high house price in ShenzhenWho created the rapid increase of the property market? Who is driving up the price today? With these questions, we may wish to developers and consumers from different angles, perspective about the property market, housing prices in Shenzhen rose root causes.1: Normal phenomenon: prices and land supply will reduce the “House up with the Shenzhen will reduce the supply of land.” This is a large number of developers’ point of view, it should be said, and this is a house up one of the important reasons.It is true that since 2001, Shenzhen authorities on the supply of land for more effective management, selling land in the quantity and form, have a comprehensive management system. Control the volume of each year about 300,000 in the supply of land, natural land value increase due to scarcity. In addition, an open auction of land use rights, so that the rising market price for land. In order to ensure their profit margins, developers only through two ways to achieve: First, increase the floor area ratio and commercial space; second is to raise house prices. The first general difficult to achieve, and that developers can only work hard in the second the.China Development Institute (Shenzhen) tourism and real estate research director of the Center for Song Ding said: “land of Shenzhen in 2005 less than in 2004, real estate consumer to narrow channels, has increased the demand for the market in disguise. This real estate prices is the most important one of the reason s why. “This product in the upper reaches of the house, apart from the land, also includes building materials, planning and design, gardening, etc. matching products. Beginning in 2002, the annual price of building materials in about 10%, coupled with the people’s living environment and quality of life of the rising demand, developers in order to cater to this demand, but also increasing the quality of products updates and rich, many developers in architectural design, selecting materials, garden planning, “Nanjing with expensive” instead of “good”, Nanjing use “outside” instead of “made in China”, the quality of the pursuit of virtually has also increased the cost of building a house. In late 2005, Xiangmihu a luxury item is used as the basis ,puyi debut breakthrough price on average 20,000 Yuan per square meter.Therefore, from this perspective, the lower reaches of the house as real estate, natural products due to the upper reaches of the high prices and high unemployment. And produce more sperm added products, higher prices, this should be a normal phenomenon.2: Market theory: consumers are the “invisible hand” driving “Market is only the invisible hand in the control of house prices.” Said this person obviously know the most basic principles of market economy, everything in the market for conversion, all the final say on the market. But this market’s hand, in fact, is not invisible, but visible.As non-conventional and non-selective strong consumer goods, real estate and the market economy environment of many commodities have many differences. First of all, the fundamental value of real estate as a point of land can not be copied, which determines its supply is limited; followed by the real estate marketing is a relative monopoly, product development and product quality is not totally transparent, the internal identification chips, ahead of the pre-sale, etc. phenomenon has been the norm, and cost information so that consumers can not know; again to act on the consumers to buy a house almost a must, there are room only home the concept of deep-rooted and not buy a house it means that there is no home, the Consumer can not do it do not buy a house rent to live Forever.“Demand relationship is the fundamental reason housing prices, whether it is consumption o r investment, real estate terms of Shenzhen, are normal.” To line with Wang Bo, chairman of real estate also think so.So consumers can only choose to accept, the “invisible hand” is essentially “consumer desire and impulse”, the final price will inevitably lead to “alienation of labor”, consumers unhappy with their anger as soon as possible action. More than a fancy suite, a real estate subscription multiplied, and open the floodgates with each other, virtually kept prices up, not only did “dog in the manger” thing, but also for developers to find the best prices good reason. In October last year, a luxurious residential Xiangmihu, the acceptability of a project financing for half a month period, a 600 sets of over 2000 projects identified a number of chips, the original 8,000 Yuan in a short time the average price rose to 9000 or even 10000 Yuan, house prices rose more than 10 percentage points, “This is a market demand from local, Mainland and Hong Kong needs to see the city of prices, and then normal.” La st year, a developer interview, he stated this the truth.3: Very point of view: the house up with Shenzhen’s economic development is directly proportional to“House up and Shenzhen should be proportional to the speed of economic growth.” This is another part of the development of business point of view. Those who hold this point of view of developers, mainly in the central area of the area represented. In accordance with their ideas, Shenzhen as an international metropolis ambitious goal of planning and development, natural and should have its own economic and other equivalent international metropolis considerable land values and house prices.First than Hong Kong, Bibi Beijing and Shanghai, Shenzhen housing prices rise is relatively reasonable and acceptable for the general consumers. In Shanghai, housing prices in the region at the municipal level has exceeded 30,000 per square meter, 23 urban areas; prices have more than million.International Managing Director said: “Shenzhen’s property prices in future will definitely be in line with the Beijing and Shanghai, this is not who is to decide, but by the national economy as a whole determined by the direction of development.”However, house prices rise, some experts believe that he thinks housing prices in Shenzhen rose is still relatively fast, but this trend is inevitable.Late last year, there are district offices in Shenzhen Center project, is standing at the international position of the property, will launch its office price to 15,000 Yuan per square met er in height. This “advance” and “internationalization” of pricing strategies, but also a considerable portion of the developer is promoting. This phenomenon, there is a little “very” worthy of deep reflection.三：High price of house in ChinaThere are three heavy burdens on the shoulders of Chinese; they are high price of commodity house /education /healthcare. Especially the high price of house, so far, the price of house has already roared a surprisingly high.House price got peak growth in last year end. According to statistic from National Development and Reform Commission, house price rose by 7.8% in last December compared with the same time last year. The growth speed is 2.1% higher than last month with monthly growth of 1.5% with rising speed of 0.3% higher than last month. House price in Shanghai rose by 7.4%, up 1.3% compared to the same time last month. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Thursday, the average housing prices of 70 Chinese major cities had kept rising on a monthly basis from March to December 2009. From June, house prices in 70 major cities began to increase year on year, and the rate was in acceleration. n December the housing prices climbed 7.8 percent year on year, and up 1.5 percent on a month-to-month basis. Prices of newly built houses rocketed 9.1 percent year on year, and up 1.9 percent month on month. Prices of second hand houses went up 6.8 percent year on year, up 1 percent month on month. 四：The reason for changes of house price in ChinaChanges of house price in China, resulted from many reasons ,such as demand of consumers、dishonest business management of land agent, not enough supply of houses, and so on. In the first place, there are not enough houses satisfying demand of consumers. Rate of economical and applicable housing went down. And the speed of the house-building can’t catch up with the pace of increase of demand. In the second, in order to make more money in the future, land agents purposely made feint that supply and demand weren’t balance. T hey said the housing was sellout in public.8) In the third, field and architectural stuff rose in price. The high cost of teardown and exquisite fitment was an important factor for rising of house price.In China some people have too much money and most of people has nothing, the poverty people only remain the regular life, but by comparison ,the wealthy circles accumulated huge property, the method of getting money doesn’t direly on the lawful means, they depend on the privilege power, so the unfair and gap between poverty and wealth people. The commodity houses are purchased by small quantities of people; the houses become the tools of resisting the inflation of economy. Everyone knows that the nation has put so much money in the economy, the inflation can be expected, and the commodity house is the most tools of increasing and maintaining value. When the house is tool of maintaining asset, the character of living disappear,the goods are selling and buying by the wealthy people, the people want to get house to put down their mind have to wait and wait,The list of causes could go on, but they are already enough to indicate that these changes are producing more and more negative effects on China. They have not only made it hard for consumers to buy economical houses but also threatened social stabilization and safe of civil economy. If allowed to run its course, I am afraid; this trend will certainly bring more serious threats to all Chinese people.五：Policy on house priceRising house price results in issuance of adjustment policies. Chen Sheng, vice president of China Index Academy indicated that, working conference of central government and executive meeting of the state council have issued many policies to rein investment and speculation of house, strengthening different loan policies, reining rising price. The policies to real estate are changing from encouragement to tightened one.The State Administration of Taxation said on its Website that it will begin to formally levy the value-added tax on land 30 to 60 percent of developers' net gains from property deals -- effective February 1.National policy now also inhibit excessive housing consumption, for example, in Guangdong since last year on the construction area of 144 square meters of residential levy equivalent to twice the average residential transactions deed, no doubt increased the residential high consumer costs. Of course, this method has not yet crossed into the account the different regions, the same area in different lots, different volume ratio, and detailed the differences need further refinement. Through policies and guide public opinion in general inclined towards housing residents “green consumption,” the rapid rise in house prices today are highly realistic significance.。
最近房价下跌英文文章
"A new round of home-price declines may come in one or two months," Chang said.
China Vanke, the country's largest real estate developer by market value, led the wave of sales by lowering prices of their housing projects in Beijing and south Guangdong province starting this month.
It would take 22 months to consume the inventory even if there were no new supply, said the agency.
The total inventory of 131 listed property companies has reached 983.8 billion yuan, up 44.93 percent year-on-year. House inventory in the third quarter has increased by 12.31 percent from the second quarter, according their third-quarter fiscal reports.
Premier Wen Jiabao said last Saturday the government will continue to maintain its control over the real-estate market while seeking to fine tune other economic policies.
Kaggle竞赛——房价预测（HousePrices）
Kaggle 竞赛——房价预测（HousePrices ）完整代码见或这个⽐赛总的情况就是给你79个特征然后根据这些预测房价 (SalePrice)，这其中既有离散型也有连续性特征，⽽且存在⼤量的缺失值。
不过好在⽐赛⽅提供了data_description.txt 这个⽂件，⾥⾯对各个特征的含义进⾏了描述，理解了其中内容后对于⼤部分缺失值就都能顺利插补了。
参加⽐赛⾸先要做的事是了解其评价指标，如果⼀开始就搞错了到最后可能就⽩费功夫了-。
- House Prices 的评估指标是均⽅根误差 (RMSE)，这是常见的⽤于回归问题的指标 :∑N i =1(y i −^y i )2N 我⽬前的得分是0.11421对我的分数提升最⼤的主要有两块：特征⼯程 : 主要为离散型变量的排序赋值，特征组合和PCA模型融合 : 主要为加权平均和Stacking将在下⽂中⼀⼀说明。
⽬录：1. 探索性可视化（Exploratory Visualization ）2. 数据清洗（Data Cleaning ）3. 特征⼯程（Feature Engineering ）4. 基本建模&评估（Basic Modeling & Evaluation ）5. 参数调整（Hyperparameters Tuning ）6. 集成⽅法（Ensemble Methods ）探索性可视化（Exploratory Visualization ）由于原始特征较多，这⾥只选择建造年份 (YearBuilt) 来进⾏可视化：plt.figure(figsize=(15,8))sns.boxplot(train.YearBuilt, train.SalePrice)√⼀般认为新房⼦⽐较贵，⽼房⼦⽐较便宜，从图上看⼤致也是这个趋势，由于建造年份 (YearBuilt) 这个特征存在较多的取值 (从1872年到2010年)，直接one hot encoding会造成过于稀疏的数据，因此在特征⼯程中会将其进⾏数字化编码 (LabelEncoder) 。
什么是房价收入比？房价收入比如何计算？
什么是房价收入比？房价收入比如何计算？所谓房价收入比(HousingPrice-to-Income Ratio)，是指住房价格与城市居民家庭年收入之比。
以北京为例：2009年一套4环以内普通两居室新房80平米，按疯狂涨价后单价2万5千元计算，平均200万左右；若以工作五年的中产阶级家庭为单位买房，假设夫妇月工资为2000元，则家庭月收入达到4000元，年收入为4.8万元。
这样房价收入比则为40，比美国的10倍大了30倍，严重偏离合理的房价收入比。
一般认为，合理的房价收入比的取值范围为4-6，若计算出的房价收入比高于这一范围，则认为其房价偏高，房地产可能存在泡沫，高出越多，则存在泡沫的可能性越大，泡沫也就越大。
国际上通用的房价收入比的计算方式，是以住宅套价的中值，除以家庭年收入的中值。
家庭年收入则是指全部家庭成员的年度税前收入，通常包括夫妇二人。
家庭年收入同样取中值。
在发达国家，统计家庭年收入只要看纳税记录就很清楚，但在中国情况要复杂得多........按照国际惯例，目前比较通行的说法认为，房价收入比在3-6倍之间为合理区间，如考虑住房贷款因素，住房消费占居民收入的比重应低于30%。
我国各个城市的房价收入比是不平衡的，中小城市的房价收入比多在六倍以上，属于房价过高的范畴，据调查，全国大部分大中城市房价收入比超过6倍，其中北京、沈阳、贵阳、、广州、大连和西安的比率都超过了20甚至更高。
房价收入比是一个有严格内涵的概念，具体应用时要注意其到底是什么情况下的房价收入比。
在西方，房价收入比有新建住宅的（新房交易)、也有旧有住宅的(二手房交易），所选取的房价是中位数价格，家庭收入是中位数收入。
由于中国的住宅是按照平方米价格交易而不是按照套来交易，又由于纳入中国家庭收入统计的收入只是全部家庭收入中的一部分，因此即使是北京市这样相对发达的城市，其房价收入比的计算结果也存在很大差异，更为横向比较带来了困难。
房价收入比计算一个国家的平均房价收入比通常用家庭年平均总收入与一套房屋的平均价格之比来计算，即：房价收入比=每户住房总价每户家庭年总收入，其中，每户住房总价和每户家庭年总收入的计算公式分别如下：每户住房总价=人均住房面积每户家庭平均人口数单位面积住宅平均销售价格每户家庭年总收入=每户家庭平均人口数家庭人均全部年收入.房价收入比又是一个比较笼统的指标，只能大致描述一个城市的家庭收入与房价之间的关系，通过不同年份的房价收入比，就可以看出这个城市居民购买住宅的支付能力是提高了还是下降了（北京近年的房价收入比呈现逐年下降的趋势）。
房地产指标测算公式
房地产指标测算公式1. 房价指数（House Price Index，HPI）：房价指数是衡量房屋价格变动的指标，通常以一个基期的价格为100，后续时期的房价相对于基期的变动呈现百分比。
计算公式如下：HPI=(当前时期的房价/基期的房价)*1002. 房屋空置率（Vacancy Rate）：房屋空置率是衡量其中一特定时期内空置房屋数量与总房屋数的比例。
计算公式如下：房屋空置率=(空置房屋数/总房屋数)*1003. 购房能力指数（Affordability Index）：购房能力指数是衡量购房者购买房屋的能力和成本的指标，通常使用平均房价与平均收入的比例。
计算公式如下：购房能力指数=(平均房价/平均收入)*1004. 租金回报率（Rental Yield）：租金回报率是衡量房产投资回报的指标，即年租金收入与房产市场价值的比例。
计算公式如下：租金回报率=(年租金收入/房产市场价值)*1005. 出租率（Occupancy Rate）：出租率是衡量房屋出租情况的指标，即已出租房屋的数目与总出租房屋数的比例。
计算公式如下：出租率=(已出租房屋数/总出租房屋数)*1006. 工作空间利用率（Occupancy Ratio）：工作空间利用率是衡量商业房地产有效利用率的指标，即已出租或实际使用空间与总可使用空间的比例。
计算公式如下：工作空间利用率=(已出租或实际使用空间/总可使用空间)*100需要注意的是，不同地区、不同情境下可能会对指标的计算公式有所不同，以上公式仅为常见指标的一般计算方法，具体计算还需要根据实际情况进行相应调整。
房地产指标的测算对于决策者、投资者和市场参与者来说具有重要的参考价值，可以帮助他们了解市场的发展和变化趋势，做出更明智的决策。
在计算指标时，应确保所使用的数据准确可靠，并根据实际情况进行合理解读和分析。
房价用英语怎么说
房价用英语怎么说房价一直是人们很热衷于讨论的话题之一，也是让人很是苦恼的问题之一，今天店铺为大家带来房价的英语说法，供大家参考学习。
房价的英语说法housing priceroom rate房价相关英语表达调控房价 housing prices control基准房价 Adequate housing price房价降低 Homes Prices Sink房价结构 rate structure房价的英语例句1. There have been grouses about the economy, interest rates and house prices.人们对经济、利率和房价啧有烦言。
2. House prices are rising for the first time since November.房价自11月以来首次上涨。
3. Houses in the village are selling for astronomical prices.乡村的房价正在飙升。
4. Relative rates of house price inflation have evened out across the country.房价相对上涨率已经在全国达到平衡。
5. Prices have been cut by developers anxious to offload unsold apartments.急于脱手未售出公寓的开发商降低了房价。
6. Take off the price of the house, that's another hundred thousand.减去房价，又是10万。
7. Cheaper housing would vastly improve the livingstandards of ordinary people.更低廉的房价可大大改善老百姓的生活水平。
2022年我国35个大中城市的房价收入比态势分析
04
房价收入比与房价走势的关系
The relationship between housing price income ratio and housing price trend
房价收入比态势
房价收入比的计算方法
房价收入比=（房价/家庭收入）×10，其中，房价是指当地一套普通住房的平均价格，家庭收入是 指一个三口之家年收入的平均值。根据国家统计局数据，2022年我国35个大中城市房价收入比平均 为8.3，其中，一线城市平均为12.8，二线城市平均为7.9，三线城市平均为7.3。
中国35个大中城市房价收入比总体合理，部分 城市需关注
从数据来看，我国35个大中城市整体上仍处于合理范围内。其中，一线城市由于经济发达、资源集 中，房价相对较高，因此房价收入比较高；而二线城市、三线城市由于发展相对滞后，房价相对较低， 因此房价收入比也相对较低。
值得注意的是，虽然整体上我国35个大中城市房价收入比处于合理范围内，但仍有部分城市的房价 收入比过高，需要引起关注。例如，北京、上海等一线城市的房价收入比超过了10，这表明在这些 城市的居民需要付出更高的收入才能购买一套普通住房。
TEAM
房价收入比分析:35个大中城市房价走势与 收入水平
Analysis of housing price to income ratio: housing price trends and income levels in 35 large and medium-sized cities
演讲人：Grey 2023/9/30
2. 房价收入比与房屋销售面积的关系
bbc听力 house prices原文monetary
BBC听力house prices原文monetaryFinance and Economics;Global house prices;Downdraft;European house prices are finding it harder to defy gravity;From the late 1990s home prices across the rich world soared relentlessly upward, borne aloft on a gale of cheap capital. In 2006 some overvalued markets began crashing to earth. Until recently, however, the correction seemed remarkably contained. American and Irish home prices plunged, giving up all the gains of the previous decade, but others have fallen far less steeply. Some markets faltered and then stable. The latest update of The Economist's global house-price indicators hints that this period of post-crisis calm may be coming to an end.Europe's gravity-defying act has been the most striking. Most of its largest housing markets—Germany is the big exception—boomed in the early 2000s and stumbled during the crisis. But fortunes have diverged since then. Irish prices plunged and continue to sink. House prices in most other markets are still well above “fair value”, which we define as the long-run average of two measures: the price-to-income ratio, a gauge of affordability, and the price-to-rents ratio, an analogue of the price-to-earnings ratio used to judge the equity value of listed firms. Spanish markets are still overvalued by a quarter on these measures,although prices are falling. In Belgium and France, prices are well above fair value and they continue to rise.Such buoyancy can largely be attributed to a combination of low interest rates and a preponderance of variable-rate mortgages. But from the third quarter of 2011 to the fourth, as recession bit and bond markets wobbled, European house prices came under downward pressure. The pace of depreciation quickened around the periphery of the euro zone. Appreciation slowed in Germany and France. The euro area's downturn probably continued into the first quarter of 2012 and may persist beyond that. Unemployment is rising across the continent and banks are under pressure to shore up balance-sheets (see article). Prices will struggle to rise in such conditions, in over- and undervalued markets alike.Housing markets have also cooled in far healthier economies. China's government spent much of 2011 reining in its scorching housing sector by limiting multiple home purchases, raising interest rates and hiking banks' reserve requirements. Soaring prices now look a thing of the past: values were essentially flat in the year to the fourth quarter of 2011. A fragile Europe and a cooling China have taken the wind out of other Asian housing markets. Values continue to rise in Singapore but more slowly than in the third quarter of last year. Australian home values fell faster in the fourth quarter than in the third.America's housing-market correction has gone further than most. On our gauge, prices nationally are 19% below fair value. Economic conditions are improving, and the unemployment rate is down sharply from a year ago. Home sales and construction are depressed relative to normal levels but rose substantially in early 2012 from the prior year. Prices keep falling, however. According to the latest release of theS&P/case shilled index of home prices, home values in large markets were down by 3.8% in the year to January. That was better than a 4.1% drop in December but still horribly disappointing.Better times are in sight. Buying a house looks like an increasingly good bet compared with renting, according to The Economist's calculations. Indeed, rising rents are helping to cut into a backlog of unsold homes; in February, 23% of home sales were to investors, many of whom will switch the properties into rentals.Canadians have reason to quake at the wrenching correction going on south of the border. House prices in Canada are above their 2007 mark, and appreciation accelerated from the third quarter of 2011 to the fourth. The price-to-rent ratio now indicates that Canadian properties are 76% overvalued, though things look less bubbly on the income measure and Canadian lenders are a far more disciplined bunch thanAmerican lenders were. The government hopes to prod markets into a slowdown by toughening financing rules.In large, global cities there is another dimension to house-price movements. Where foreign demand is an important part of the local property market, exchange rates matter for affordability, as our analysis of prices adjusted for trade-weighted exchange rates indicates (see chart). Consider London. Homes there may feel as expensive as ever to Britons, but a large sterling depreciation means houses look some 15% cheaper to foreigners now than they did five years ago. Dollar weakness has left New York homes some 30% cheaper for international buyers than in 2006. By contrast, a dearer loonie has driven up Toronto home values by nearly 90% since 2006, compared with a rise of 32% inlocal-currency terms. The yuan's slow but steady rise has magnified appreciation in Shanghai. Small wonder Chinese buyers are so visible in London and Manhattan.。
关于房价的英语作文
关于房价的英语作文英文回答：House prices have always been a hot topic of discussion in many countries, including China. The fluctuation ofhouse prices has a significant impact on individuals, families, and the overall economy. There are severalfactors that contribute to the rise or fall of house prices.Firstly, the supply and demand of houses play a crucial role in determining house prices. When the demand for houses exceeds the supply, prices tend to increase. Thiscan happen due to population growth, urbanization, orlimited land availability. On the other hand, when the supply of houses exceeds the demand, prices may decrease.Secondly, economic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and income levels also influence house prices. Inflation can erode the purchasing power of individuals, leading to higher prices. High interest rates makeborrowing more expensive, which can reduce the demand for houses and lower prices. Additionally, higher income levels can increase the affordability of houses, driving up prices.Furthermore, government policies and regulations can have a significant impact on house prices. For example, the implementation of favorable tax policies or subsidies for homebuyers can stimulate demand and drive prices higher. Conversely, stricter lending regulations or increased property taxes can dampen demand and lead to lower prices.Moreover, external factors such as global economic conditions, political stability, and natural disasters can also affect house prices. For instance, during times of economic recession, house prices tend to decline as people become more cautious about their spending and investments. Similarly, political instability or natural disasters can create uncertainty and negatively impact the housing market.In conclusion, house prices are influenced by a combination of factors including supply and demand, economic conditions, government policies, and externalfactors. It is a complex and dynamic market that can have a significant impact on individuals and the overall economy.中文回答：房价一直是许多国家，包括中国的热门话题。
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House Prices
Nowadays, more and more people in China especially the youth who are just married are complaining about house prices. The house prices in China are too high to own one particularly in the first-tier cities.
For example, if you owned 200,000 dollars, you can buy a house in America about 200㎡, but in China, Shanghai, you can only buy a house about 46㎡which actually called department. The reason why China’s house prices are so high is complicated. First, the government sells a large amount of land to make money; second, the real estate developers bid up the house prices; third, the Chinese tradition. Most Chinese would like to own a house to get married, so some people hold the view that the house prices were bid up by the bride’s mother; forth, the Chinese population is very large so that the house prices are higher and higher. Some rich want capacious large houses or even villa. This makes some developers use the land to build more large houses that most people can’t afford. So the high price ascribes most to the local government. Before long, someone said that youth females push the price up.
I say the man or woman is big fools. His or her mouth is not a mouth but an anus. Now the house price in Shenzhen is descending, some even choose not to pay back the debt because the money he or her pays back to bank can even is enough for a new house.
Now, the prime minister Wen Jiabao has announced that the government will do their best to reduce the house prices so that most people can own their houses. Let’s wait and see.
1.岳母：mother-in-low; wife’s mother
2.哄抬：bid up
3.宽敞的：capacious
4.房价：house prices
5.房地产开发商：real estate developer; property developer。