专题十三 简单句
2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题13 简单句
动词的否定形式+主语?
他,情态动词的肯定形式+主语?
We should get up early, shouldn’t You can’t play the piano, can
we?我们应该早起,不是吗?
you?你不会弹钢琴,是吗?
(2)特殊形式 ①当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom等时,附加疑问句只能用肯定形式。 Linda has never been to Beijing, has she? 琳达从没去过北京,是吗? ②当陈述句中有含有否定前缀或后缀(如un-,dis-,-less等)的单词时,附加疑问 句要用否定形式。 He looks unhappy, doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以let’s开头的,附加疑问句用shall we; 其 他形式的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you/won’t you。 Open the window, will you/won’t you? 打开窗户,好吗? ④陈述部分是there be句型时,附加疑问句应用“be there”。 There is a wallet in your car, isn’t there? 有一个钱包在你的车里,不是吗? ⑤陈述部分的主语是this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是 these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。 This is a fantastic film, isn’t it? 这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
初中语法精讲专题十三简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
栏目索引专题十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)总纲目录栏目索引栏目索引考点突破考点一 陈述句及疑问句考点突破陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。
一、陈述句的肯定式结构:主语+谓语+其他。
如:That boy often helps others.那个男孩经常帮助别人。
考点突破栏目索引I went to the cinema yesterday.昨天我去看电影了。
二、陈述句的否定式1.be的否定式(1)be用作系动词时,陈述句结构为:主语+be+not+表语+其他。
如:She is not a teacher.她不是一个老师。
(2)be用作助动词,用于be doing/be going to do/be done等时态或被动语态中,陈述句结构为:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去分词+其他。
如:Jim isn't playing football.吉姆没在踢足球。
The sweater isn't made of wool.这件毛衣不是羊毛做的。
栏目索引考点突破2.助动词、情态动词的否定式Man can't live without water.没有水人类不能生存。
3.除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句(1)用no表示,no=not any/a(n)。
如:He has no sisters.=He doesn't have any sisters.他没有姐妹。
(2)never绝不,从来不。
如:I have never seen such a man.我从没见过这样的人。
栏目索引考点突破(3)little,few几乎没有。
如:There are few students in the classroom.教室里几乎没有学生。
(4)no one/nobody 没有人。
如:No one/Nobody is interested in the book.没有人对这本书感兴趣。
专题13 简单句(句子的种类)
问部分的主语须用人称代词来代替
he? 你弟弟去北京了，不是吗？
当陈述句部分的主语是指示代词this, that时，反意疑问部分的主语用it代替；
That isn't a useful dictionary, is it? 那不是 一本有用的词典，是吗？
指示代词是these, those 时，反意疑问部 分的主语用 they代替
4.反意疑问句 附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫反意疑问句，一般由两部分组成： 陈述句＋简略问句。基本结构为：前肯后否；前否后肯；前后(人称、时态)一 致。 (1)反意疑问句中的用法。
当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑 Your brother has gone to Beijing, hasn't
( B )2. The girl ________ the music she can dance to.
A. love
B. loves
C. loving D. is loving
3. (19重庆中考A卷) I am interested in writing. (改为否定句) I am not interested in writing. 4. 今日事今日毕。(汉译英)
句
完全否定：常用 not, no, no Nobody can go back and start a
one, nobody, nothing, neither, new beginning.没有人能回到
none, never 等词表示否定意义 过去重新开始。
否
部分否定：
I hardly see anything in the
Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给 我们写信，好吗？
高考英语语法专题复习十三 简单句并列句及附加疑问句
语法专题十三简单句、并列句及附加疑问句一.简单句按照句子中动词的语法功能, 英语句子可归纳为五种基本句型, 各种各样的句子都可以看成是这五种句型的扩展. 学习, 掌握这五种基本句型, 对于认识英语句子的基本结构, 提高连词造句, 阅读理解和书面表达的能力将会有很大的帮助.五种基本句型:第一种: 主语+谓语第二种: 主语+谓语+宾语第三种: 主语+谓语+表语第四种: 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语第五种: 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)在这个句型中的动词是不及物的行为动词, 不能带宾语. 这种动词表示主语的行为动作, 意义基本完整, 所以不再需要宾语. 不及物动词没有被动语态形式. 在这个句型中, 谓语后面有时不再附加任何成分, 而大多数情况下有状语性质的修饰语. 这种修饰语可以由副词, 介词短语, 不定式短语, 分词短语以及从句等来担任. 例如:Tom is writing. (Little Tom is writing at the desk now.)He stopped. (He stopped to have a look.)The boy stood there, begging. (The boy whose parents died stood there, begging.)2.主语+谓语+宾语本句型中的及物动词同样也为行为动词, 表明一个具体实在的动作, 但其本身所表示的意义并不完整, 需要有一个宾语, 才能表达一个完整的概念. 例如:We have a TV set.You may use my pen. I will use hers.He doesn’t like the first. He likes the third.3.主语+系动词+表语在本句型中, 由系动词及表语构成表性状的复合谓语, 说明主语的身份, 特征, 性质, 状态等. 英语中除了最常见的系动词be以外, 还有表示感官的连系动词look, feel, sound, taste, smell等; 表示变化的连系动词get, turn, become, grow, fall, come等; 表示状态的连系动词keep, remain, stay, continue, seem等. 例如:Rose is an English boy.The boy looks like his father.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语有些动词后面, 可以有两个宾语, 这个宾语一个指人, 一个指物, 指人的叫间接宾语, 表示动作的方向和目标; 指物的叫直接宾语, 表示动作的承受者, 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前. 例如:She brought me some fruit.Can you do us a favour?这两个句子中的间接宾语都可以变成介词短语放在直接宾语后面. 例如:She brought some fruit to me.Can you do a favour for me?5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语宾语和补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系, 即宾语是宾语补足语的逻辑主语。
13_专题十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
考点突破
栏目索引
1.用其他词语代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。如:
—Can you come and go to the park with me? ——你能来和我一起去公园吗? —I'm afraid not.I have a lot of work to do. ——恐怕不行,我有很多工作要做。
A.Will you
C.What about
B.How about
D.Why don't
答案 A 句意:——你将找一位笔友练习写作吗?——是的,我会的。由句
式结构及被选项可推断出答案为A项。
考点突破
栏目索引
2.— C
did you work out the problem in such a short time?
教室里几乎没有学生。
考点突破
栏目索引
(4)no one/nobody 没有人。如:
No one/Nobody is interested in the book. 没有人对这本书感兴趣。 (5)nothing什么也没有。如: There is nothing wrong with you.你什么问题也没有。 (6)neither of...没有一个(用于表示两者都不);none of...一点儿也没有(与不可 数名词连用),一个也没有(用来全面否定三个或三个以上的人或物)。如: Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.
—With Mr.Li's help. A.When B.Where C.How D.Which
答案 C 句意:——你是如何在这么短的时间内解答出这道题的?——在李 老师的帮助下解答出来的。考查特殊疑问词。when什么时候;where在哪里; how如何;which哪一个。根据答语可知选C。
中考英语复习课件：语法专题13-简单句
what 型
What＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不 可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
how 型 how 型
How＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名 词＋主语＋谓语！
How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！
专题13
简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
【典例2】 —________ have you stayed in New York?
—For about two weeks. A．How far C．How many [解析] B B．How long D．How often
how far意为“多远”，对距离提问；how
专题13
简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
⑧若陈述句中含有 little, few, nothing, nobody,
never, none等否定词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定结构。如： There's nobody in the room, is there? 房间里没人，是吗？
专题13
—No, he isn't.不，他不是。 —Do you want to go to school? 你想去上学吗？
—Yes, I do.是的，我想。
2．特殊疑问句
(1)结构：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句？
(2)答语： 根据实际情况作出相应的回答。如
—Which bike is yours?
哪辆自行车是你的？
专题13
简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
⑦陈述句是“Let's型的肯定祈使句”时，附加疑问句部分
专题十三 简单句
专题十三简单句一、连词成句(2019河北中考)1.it, outside, hot, is2.on time, to, remember, arrive3.for lunch, we, what, do, have4.a cup of, Lucy, me, tea, brought5.your, beautiful, are, how, kites(2019河北唐山路北区一模)6.a, is, what, nice, he, man7.glass, me, pass, to, water, a, of8.the, safe, park, it, play, is, to, in9.right, have, answer, found out, the, you10.trees, thousands of, were, last year, planted(2019河北保定一模)11.next week, will, TV, he, watch12.afraid of, Li Gang, talking to, is, strangers13.him, way, to, happened, on, what, the14.too much, in the street, snow, there is15.interesting, it, what, an, is, collection(2019河北升学模拟考试猜题卷一)16.my, see, did, dog, you17.learn, does, how, he, English18.she, a, what, is, girl, beautiful19.the, bike, have, him, returned, Ie, the first, here, to, always, is, he(2019河北升学模拟考试经典二)21.has, a, short, John, after supper, walk22.you, talking, mind, not, would, loudly, dinner, why not, go, with, for24.be, much information, online, can, received25.hope, fewer, I, you, make, will, mistakes二、单项选择1.(2019上海中考)——That’s a good idea.A.I’ve got the first prize in the English speech contest.B.I’d like to invite you to my birthday party tomorrow.C.Shall we go to the farm to pick peaches this weekend?D.Would you mind opening the window a bit more?2.(2019河南中考)everyone with politeness even those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but because you are.A.TreatB.TreatingC.TreatedD.To treat3.(2019天津中考)—Tom fell off his bike and hurt his knee.A.Pretty goodB.That’s too badC.That’s funnyD.That’s a good idea4.(2019甘肃兰州中考)—fine weather it is!Let’s go for a walk.—Sounds like a great idea.A.WhatB.HowC.What aD.How a5.(2019甘肃兰州中考)—Jerry, could you tell me how to ta ke a taxi through “Didi”?A.Take it easyB.You are welcomeC.Thank youD.Sure, I’d love to6.(2019江苏苏州中考)—I’m going to take the kids to see the movie.—. The kids are too young. That movie is not suitable for them.A.You’d better notB.Good ideaC.I think soD.No problem7.(2019江苏苏州中考)—does it take you to get to school by bike? —About fifteen minutes.A.How soonB.How oftenC.How longD.How far8.(2019辽宁沈阳中考)—do you brush your teeth?—Twice or more a day.A.How soonB.How farC.How longD.How often9.(2019辽宁沈阳中考)—I don’t like the short story “The gifts”. I think it’s out of date.—I’m sorry, but. Although it may be old, I still think it’s a moving story.A.it doesn’t matterB.I don’t agreeC.you’re welcomeD.that’s all right10.(2019黑龙江绥化中考) Jim can swim, .A.neither can IB.so I canC.so can I11.(2019北京中考)—do you usually go to school, Mary?—By bike.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.Why12.(2019江苏连云港中考)—will the project of high-speed railway connecting Xuzhou to Lianyungang be completed?—In about two years.A.How longB.How farC.How soonD.How often13.(2019贵州贵阳中考)“fast Guizhou Province is developing!”“Yes. It hosts the Big Data Expo every year.”A.WhatB.HowC.What a14.(2019内蒙古包头中考)—Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.A.Heard itB.Made itC.Forgot itD.Got it15.(2019黑龙江绥化中考)—do you like Wolf Warriors II?—Because it’s exciting.A.WhyB.WhatC.How16.(2019湖北武汉中考)—How is the young man?A.He’s twentyB.He’s much betterC.He’s a doctorD.He’s Mr. Smith17.(2019四川乐山中考) exciting the news is! Beijing will hold the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.A.HowB.What aC.What18.(2019湖北武汉中考)—It’s very kind of you to help me. Thank you very much.A.Thank youB.Don’t thank meC.Sorry to help you very littleD.You are welcome19.(2019湖南长沙中考)—Mom, I bought us two tickets to the 2019 World Cup in Russia.—Really? pleasant surprise!A.HowB.WhatC.What a20.(2019黑龙江绥化中考)Neither you nor he good at drawing.A.areB.isC.be21.(2019山东滨州中考) —convenient it is to live in China!—Yes, we’ve got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How22.(2019甘肃兰州中考)—times have you visited Gansu Science Museum? —Only once.A.How oftenB.How manyC.How longD.How soon23.(2019安徽中考)—It’s said that shopping online is safe.—. You’d better be careful.A.I agreeB.That dependsC.I think soD.No problem24.(2019福建中考)—does Liu Chuanjian do?—He’s a pilot of Sichuan Airlines. He’s a hero!A.WhatB.WhereC.When25.(2019四川乐山中考)—Do you mind my smoking here?—. Look at the sign. It says,“No smoking.”A.Never mindB.Of course notC.You’d better not26.(2019江苏南京中考)—Millie, do you take the course in DIY? —Every Saturday afternoon.A.how longB.how farC.how muchD.how often27.(2019吉林长春中考)for me at the bus station across from the post office.I can find you easily.A.WaitB.To waitC.WaitingD.Waits28.(2019河北唐山路北区三模)—Mike has made great progress recently.—and .A.So he has;so you haveB.So has he;so have youC.So he has;so have youD.So has he;so you have29.(2019河北保定莲池区一模)There nothing new in today’s newspaper. You needn’t read it.A.areB.isC.wereD.was30.(2019河北名校联考三模)Congratulations to you! fantastic work you have done!A.What aB.How aC.HowD.What31.(2019河南郑州模拟)—popular the Evening Paper is!—That’s true. It has many readers in our city.A.What;suchB.What;soC.How;suchD.How;so三、词语运用1. Mr. Green together with his wife (be) arriving in China tomorrow.2. Neither my father nor my mother(like) rice. They both like dumplings.3.Everyone except Danny and Jim (be) at school yesterday.4. Helen has been to America, so I.5. I can’t swim,can Lucy.6.Look! There a sheepdog and many sheep on the hill.7.Reading in the sun (be)bad for your eyes.答案精解精析一、1.Is it hot outside2.Remember to arrive on time3.What do we have for lunch4.Lucy brought me a cup of tea5.How beautiful your kites are6.What a nice man he is7.Pass a glass of water to me8.It is safe to play in the park9.Have you found out the right answer10.Thousands of trees were planted last year11.Will he watch TV next week12.Li Gang is afraid of talking to strangers13.What happened to him on the way14.There is too much snow in the street15.What an interesting collection it is16.Did you see my dog17.How does he learn English18.What a beautiful girl she is19.I have returned him the bike20.He is always the first to come here21.John has a short walk after supper22.Would you mind not talking loudly23.Why not go for dinner with us24.Much information can be received online25.I hope you will make fewer mistakes二、1.C句意:——我们周末去农场摘桃子,好吗?——好主意。
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
with a peaceful mind. A. has C. is
B. are D. have
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
13. —Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ____D____ fond of the TV program A Bite of
China.
—I am also deeply amazed by those delicious food.
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
命题点 2 感叹句
(历年单选、完形：9年3考)
中考试练
陕西9年中考真题
7. (2016陕西29题)Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many
teachers in the mountains.
—____D____ they are! A. How great a man
B. How great men
C. What a great man
D. What great men
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
拓展提升
8. —The players in Super Brain can work out difficult problems in a very
short time.
A. is
B. were
C. was
D. are
5. —___H_o_w__m_a_n_y__ people are there in your family? —There are five people in my family.
6. — How old is your brother? —He is twenty years old.
初中英语语法备考大全 专题13 简单句
专题13 简单句◎陈述句○肯定句○否定句◎疑问句○一般疑问句○特殊疑问句○选择疑问句○反意疑问句◎祈使句○祈使句用法○Let us 与 Let's◎感叹句○How开头的感叹句○What 开头的感叹句◎简单句的五种基本类型英语句子从结构上看可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三大类。
只有一个主语和一个谓语和句子叫简单句。
两个简单句通过某些词语在连接一起形成并列、转折等关系的是并列句。
一个主句加上一个或几个从句（从句只作主句的某一成分）所构成的句子叫复合句。
简单句有五种类型：A.主语+不及物动词（S+V）B.主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）C.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）D.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）按使用目的，句子又可分为四类：陈述句、颖问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句陈述句用来叙述一件事情或陈述一个人的看法，分肯定和否定两种句式。
1.肯定句肯定句的用法比较简单，在此仅举几例说明。
He works in a factory .（S+V）He studied English in his thirties.（S+V+O）He is a teacher.（S+V+P）He gave me two books.（S+V+IO+DO）He saw a man come in .（S+V+O+C）2.否定句否定句的用法比较复杂。
下面主要讲讲几种否定句式的构成及所表示的意义。
（1）一般情况下在系动词be，或动词have，或助动词、情态动词后，加not，构成否定句式。
如：He is not a teacher.I have not any books.He doesn’t work hard.She doesn't go to the park.I haven’t finished it yet.He will not go there.（2）no, never, hardly（几乎不），seldom（很少）等词在句中可构成否定句式：He has no brothers or sisters.I think you could never work out the question.I could hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不能相信我的眼睛。
专题13 简单句
—Good idea. 好主意。 —It's going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you.要下雨了， 记得带把伞。
专题十三 简单句
专题十三 简单句
成分 定语
状语
作用
例句
A friend in need is a friend 修饰名词或代词，说明人或物
indeed.
的状态、品质等。
患难见真情。
修饰动词、形容词、副词等， This boy was praised for
说明地点、时间、原因、目的、his bravery.
结果、条件、方向、程度、方 这个男孩因为他的勇敢而
成分 谓语 宾语 表语
作用
例句
说明主语的动作或状态。
Time tries all things. 时间检验一切。
说明动作的对象。
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
位于系动词之后，说明主语的 Your success is our hope. 身份、性质、属性或状态。 你的成功是我们的希望。
your new skirt.
不要让他们进入这个房间。
让我看看你的新裙子。 Let them not play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
专题十三 简单句
句式
肯定形式
No＋名词/动名词
——
否定形式
No photos！ 禁止照相！ No parking！ 禁止停车！ No swimming！ 禁止游泳！ No burning！ 严禁烟火！
专题十三简单句
专题十三 简单句佳园教学区 宁雪芹简单句：英语中的句子结构形式，只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫做简单句。
简单句分为：⎩⎨⎧否定句肯定句陈述句： ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧反义疑问句选择疑问句特殊疑问句一般疑问句疑问句： 祈使句：省略主语you ，以动词原形开头 感叹句：⎩⎨⎧whathow一， 陈述句： 1． 肯定：句子类型：基本句型一：_________________ e.g. The plane can fly. He runs fast.You must stand up.基本句型二：__________________ e.g. He was a teacher.The book is intersting. The dish smells very nice.基本句型三：___________________ e.g. My mother is watching TV . He likes swimming. He will help you.基本句型四：____________________ e.g. I will lend you the book. She showed me the way.I have given 20 dollars to you. 基本句型五：____________________e.g. She often heard someone sing. The result makes me happy. I found the movie frustrating. 2． 否定：⑴be 动词作为系动词或者助动词加not⑵助动词，情态动词加not ⑶否定意义的词：never, hardly ，seldom ，/few ， little ， /nobody ，nothing ，no one, neither of 、none of ，/ too…to…, etce.g. There is little water in the bottle.My sister is too young to go to school. 注意：肯定句变为否定句时 1.________ →________ 2._________ →_______ e.g. I have already seen the movie . I have two apples and a banana. 二， 疑问句 1， 一般疑问句：⑴基本结构：be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+实义动词/表语+其它？⑵答语：一般情况，什么提问什么回答yes （ certainly, of course ，OK 等） No ，（never, not at all ，sorry 等） 注意，must →may, → could, → would like →⑶ 否定疑问句表示惊讶或者请求，回答需实事求是。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
考点三 反意疑问句 反意疑问句的构成： 陈述句＋附加疑问句？附加疑问句的 否定式必须缩写。 1．陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反： 前肯后否、 前否后肯。如： isn't she Mary is a teacher，__________？ did he He didn't tell you the story，__________？ 2．反意疑问句基本对应形式如下： (1)be动词对应be动词。如： isn't she She is a policewoman，__________？
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
(2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/won't you。如： will you/won't you Open the window, __________________________？ [注意] Let's go and have a look, shall we? (us表示包括听话人在内) Let us clean the classroom, will you? (us表示不包括听话人在内) 结论：以let's开头的祈使句，后用shall we; 以let us(him, me, her…)开头的祈使句，后用will you。 (3)is 还是 has？如： He's in the room, isn't he？(He's ＝ He is) He's gone to the park，hasn't he(He's ＝ He has)
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
3．选择疑问句 —Is he Chinese or Japanese? —He's Chinese. “他是中国人还是日本人？” “他是中国人。” —Would you like some juice or tea? —Neither. “你想要点果汁还是茶？” “都不要。”
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
考点一 陈述句（略） 考点二 疑问句 1．一般疑问句 (1)各种时态的一般疑问句(略) (2)一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。如： —Does she go to school at 7：30 every day? Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t. —___________________________________ “她每天七点半去上学吗？” “是的，她是。”/“不，不是。”
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
考点五 祈使句 表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做祈使句。祈使 句的主语一般是you(听话人），通常省略，其谓语动词一律用 动词原形。句末用感叹句或句号，语调读降调。 1. 祈使句的肯定形式 ⑴句中只有不及物动词。如：
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
考点四 感叹句 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语 感叹句常用“what”或“how”引导，句末用感叹号。 1．what引导的感叹句 (1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ 如： What a beautiful picture (it is)! 多漂亮的一幅画啊！ What an __________ important meeting (it is)! 多重要的一项会议啊！ (2)What＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词(＋主语＋ 谓语)！如：
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意her daughter! 她多么爱自己的女儿啊！ (3)How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ 如：
How beautiful a girl (she is)! 她是个多漂亮的女孩啊！
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
Come here! 过来！ Look! 看！ Come in! 进来！ (2)及物动词＋宾语。如： Close the door! 关门！ Open your books! 翻开课本！ (3)系动词＋表语。如： Be quiet, please! 请安静！ Be careful ______________！小心！
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
② have 当“吃、喝、开(会)、度过”等意思讲时，其附加 疑问句用助动词do。如： You had a good time yesterday, didn't you? ③ have用于现在完成时，是帮助构成完成时的助动词，附 加疑问句用have的相应形式。如： He has made a lot of friends, hasn't he? ④ have to 表示“不得不”时，附加疑问句的谓语用助动 词do。如： Li Lei has to finish the work today, doesn't he? ⑤ had better意思是“最好”，其附加疑问句的谓语动词 用had。如：
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
(2)情态动词对应情态动词。如： He can drive the car，__________？ can't he (3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮 助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did，以及它们的否定形式。 如： didn't he He slept for 9 hours yesterday，__________？ He didn't go to the park，__________？ did he (4)助动词对应助动词的相应形式。这样的助动词主要包括 以下几种： ①现在进行时中的be ②一般将来时中的will/shall
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
③现在完成时中的have/has aren't they They are swimming，__________？ won't she Jane will visit Tianjin，__________？ She has finished her homework，__________？ hasn't she 3．特殊形式 (1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词，如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，或含有表示否定的 副词never, hardly, seldom时，则附加疑问句只能用肯定式。如： Linda has never been to Beijing，__________？ has she You can hardly see the blackboard clearly，__________？ can you
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
You'd better stay at home, hadn't you? 4．当陈述句部分是否定句时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存 在差异。 英语回答时，若表示与事实一致，就用“Yes＋肯定结 构”；表示与事实相反，就用“No＋否定结构”。如： —You didn't play football yesterday, did you? Yes, I did No, I didn't. —__________/__________ “昨天你没有踢足球，是吗？” “不，我踢去了。”/“是的，我没踢。” 5．主从复合句的反意疑问句
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
(4)陈述部分的谓语是used to时，附加疑问句部分用 “didn't＋主语”或“usedn't＋主语”。如： He used to go to bed late, didn't he？/usedn't he? (5)need的反意疑问句 ① need 是实义动词时。如： We need to come earlier, don't we? ② need 是情态动词时。如： We needn't come so early, need we? (6)have 的对应形式 ① have 当“有”讲时，附加疑问句用助动词do。如： Tom has an MP4 player, doesn't he?
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
(3)否定疑问句的答语 否定疑问句通常是以be/情态动词/助动词＋not的缩写形 式开头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不 一样。如： —Aren't you a student? Yes ,I am No, I am not. —______________/______________ “你不是一名学生吗？” “不，我是。”/“是的，我不是。” 2．特殊疑问句 常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose；常见 的疑问形容词有which, whose；常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
What interesting stories (they are)! 多有趣的故事啊！ ________________________！ What bad weather (it is) 多糟糕的天气啊！ 2．how引导的感叹句 (1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如： How tall the tree is! 这棵树真高啊！ ______________the horse is running! How fast 这匹马跑得真快啊！ (2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如： How I miss you ______________！我多么想念你啊！