3D打印技术论文

3D打印技术论文

3D打印技术

1( 3D打印的概念及原理

1.1. 3D打印的概念

3D打印技术，是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。3D打印机则出现在上世纪90年代中期，即一种利用光固化和纸层叠等技术的快速成型装置。它与普通打印机工作原理基本相同，打印机内装有液体或粉末等“印材料”，与电脑连接后，通过电脑控制把“打印材料”一层层叠加起来，最终把计算机上的蓝图变成实物。如今这一技术在多个领域得到应用，人们用它来制造服装、建筑模型、汽车、巧克力甜品等。

1.2( 3D打印的原理

每一层的打印过程分为两步，首先在需要成型的区域喷洒一层特殊胶水，胶水液滴本身很小，且不易扩散。然后是喷洒一层均匀的粉末，粉末遇到胶水会迅速固化黏结，而没有胶水的区域仍保持松散状态。这样在一层胶水一层粉末的交替下，实体模型将会被“打印”成型，打印完毕后只要扫除松散的粉末即可“刨”出模型，而剩余粉末还可循环利用。见图1所示。

图1 3D打印过程

the primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such

as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-

free. Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above

2. 3D打印的优缺点

2.1 3D打印的优点

一是节省原材料和人工。由于采用“添加制造技术”，它的用料只有原来的

1/3到1/2，打印速度却快4倍。同时因省去生产线和一部分组装过程，可降低人工成本。第二个优点是可以制作形态各异的物品。理论上，只要电脑可以设计出的造型，3D打印机都可以打印出来，2011年在加拿大展出的3D打印汽车Urbee，即以其时尚前卫的流线型外观吸引了众多关注。

2.2 3D打印的缺点

3D打印技术具有局限性，具体主要体现在材料上，目前打印材料主要只有塑料、树脂和金属，骨骼等有机原料。

3. 3D打印的应用

3D打印机的应用对象可以是任何行业，只要这些行业需要模型和原型。以色列的Objet公司认为，3D打印机[7]需求量较大的行业包括政府、航天和国防、医疗设备、高科技、教育业以及制造业。行业比例份额见图2。

图2 3D打印的行业比例份额