chapter 3 attitude and job satisfaction
对工作的态度英文作文
对工作的态度英文作文英文回答：Attitude plays a pivotal role in shaping our approach to work, influencing our productivity, motivation, and overall job satisfaction. A positive attitude toward work signifies a mindset that embraces challenges, encourages growth, and fosters collaboration. Individuals with a positive attitude are more likely to exhibit enthusiasm, dedication, and a willingness to go the extra mile. They perceive their work as meaningful and fulfilling, leading to a greater sense of accomplishment and job satisfaction.On the contrary, a negative attitude toward work can be detrimental to both the individual and the organization. It can manifest as apathy, resistance to change, and a lack of engagement. Individuals with a negative attitude may view their work as a mere obligation or a means to an end, resulting in decreased productivity and motivation. They may also engage in counterproductive behaviors that hinderteamwork and overall organizational success.Several factors can influence our attitude toward work, including personal values, work environment, and leadership style. Individuals who align their work with their personal values and interests tend to experience greater job satisfaction and motivation. A positive work environment that fosters collaboration, growth, and recognition can also contribute to a positive attitude. Additionally, leaders who inspire, motivate, and empower their teams can effectively shape employees' attitudes toward work.Maintaining a positive attitude toward work requires conscious effort and resilience. It involves embracing challenges as opportunities for growth, seeking feedback to improve performance, and practicing gratitude for the opportunities provided. Individuals can also cultivate a positive attitude by engaging in activities outside of work that bring joy and fulfillment.In conclusion, our attitude toward work has a profound impact on our job performance, satisfaction, and overallwell-being. By cultivating a positive attitude, we can unlock our potential, maximize our productivity, and create a more fulfilling and rewarding work environment.中文回答：工作态度对我们的工作方式起着至关重要的作用，它影响着我们的生产力、积极性和整体工作满意度。
组织行为学研究on ATTITUDES and JOB SATISFACTION
Learning Oຫໍສະໝຸດ jectives: Contrast the three components of an attitude Identify the role consistency plays in attitudes Summarize the relationship between attitudes
Six questions that will help understand attitude:
What are the main components of attitudes? How consistent are attitudes? Does behavior always follow after attitudes? What are the major job attitudes? How are employee attitudes measured? What is the importance of attitudes to workplace
Negative attitude toward
supervisor
Cognitive component of an attitude
• The opinion or belief segment of an attitude
Affective component of an attitude
• The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude
and behavior Discuss similarities and differences between
学生版 Ch06 values, attitudes and job satisfaction(下)
No individual can completely avoid dissonance. 任何人都不能完全避免失调. 任何人都不能完全避免失调. Desire to reduce dissonance
–1) Importance of elements creating dissonance
Change behavior (stop polluting the river) 停止污染河流) 改变行为 (停止污染河流 停止污染河流
Solving paths
Reduce dissonance (as a corporate decision maker, behavior should be in the best interest of organization) 作为公司经理, 降低失调 (作为公司经理 其行为应与组织利益一致 作为公司经理 其行为应与组织利益一致)
Individuals will seek a stable state in which there is a minimum of dissonance. 个体会寻求一种状态, 在其 中只有最低程度的失调.
Cognitive Dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. 认知失调 两个或多个态度间的不协调，或者行为和态度间的不协调。
3–5
Attitudes and Consistency
People seek consistency among their attitudes between their attitudes and behavior. 人们会追寻在他们态度之间和态度与行为之间的一致性. 人们会追寻在他们态度之间和态度与行为之间的一致性
组织行为学 罗宾斯 12版本 第3章
Neglect
Allowing conditions to worsen
The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance
➢ Satisfaction and Productivity
– Satisfied workers are more productive AND more productive workers are more satisfied!
1. Job Satisfaction 2. Happiness 3. Job Involvement 4. Mood at work 5. Organizational Commitment 6. 1 and 2 7. 1, 3, and 5
Chapter Check-up: Attitudes
➢ Satisfaction and Turnover
– Satisfied employees are less likely to quit. – Organizations take actions to retain high performers
and to weed out lower performers.
Types of Attitudes, cont’d
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being
Employee Engagement
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
AttitudesandSatisfaction最终版
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education
An intention to behave in a certain way towad someone or something
3-3
Why do we care?
Attitudes→ cause Behavior -performance -absenteeism 旷工 -organizational citizenship behavior(OCB)
7-9 9
Equity Theory
• A theory that says that individuals compare their job i nputs and outcomes with those of theirs in the past o r those of others
-Equities -Inequities
5/19/2015
Job Satisfaction
• A positive feeling about a job resulting from an e valuation of its characteristics
19
Job Satisfaction
•Major factors of job satisfaction? -work itself -salary -promotion -leader -coworkers
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education
7-11 11
Equity Theory • Limitation
-Equity theroy fouses on the amount of rewards
Attitudes
Chapter Three & FourValues, Attitudes,and JobSatisfaction3OPENING CASEA Winning Formula at Valero Energy•Valero CEO Bill Greehey really values his employees. The firm places employee safety, benefits, and job security among its greatest priorities.•When Hurricane Katrina forced Valero to shut down one of its refineries (精炼厂).Employees repaid the firm’s commitment by working tirelessly to protect and restore the refinery. After the storm passed, employees worked 20 hours a day torepair damage, while the firm provided housing and financial assistance for 570 local employees.•The company’s commitment in turn gains employees’commitment to the company and high levels of jobsatisfaction. In 2006, Valero Energy ranked 3rd in Fortune’s 100 Best Companies to Work For.5 Importance of Values •Provide understanding of the attitudesattitudes, motivationmotivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures.•Influence our perception of the world around us.•Represent interpretations of “right”and “wrong.”•Imply that some behaviors or outcomes arepreferred over others.E X H I B I T 3–1 E X H I B I T 3–1E X H I B I T 3–1 (cont’d) E X H I B I T 3–1 (cont’d)9 E X H I B I T 3–2E X H I B I T 3–2Ethical values•Utilitarian values (功利主义):decisions should be made so that the decision produces the greatest good for thegreatest number of people.•Moral rights values:decisions should be made in ways that protect the fundamental rights and privileges ofpeople affected by the decision.•Justice values:decisions should be made in ways that allocate benefits and harms among those affected by the decision in a fair, equitable, or impartial manner.•Professional ethics:certain groups like doctors or lawyers develop•Societal ethics:such as those embodied in laws, customs, practices, and values apply to society as awhole.10Code of Ethics (道德准则)A code of ethics is a set of formal rules and standards, based on ethical values and beliefs about what is right and wrong, that employeescan use to make appropriate decisions when the interests of other individuals or groups are at stake (危险).11Ethical DilemmaIs it a Bribe or a Gift?•Develop a list of pros andcons of paying the official•Will you pay the $20,000or not?•What are viable alternativesto paying the $20,000 thatwould be acceptable tosecure the contract?13Hofstede’s Framework forAssessing CulturesPower Distance (权力距离)The extent to which a society accepts thatpower in institutions and organizations isdistributed unequally.low distance: relatively equal distributionhigh distance: extremely unequal distribution1415Hofstede’s Framework (cont’d)Collectivism (集体主义)A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.Individualism (个人主义)The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than a member of groups.1617Hofstede’s Framework (cont’d)Uncertainty Avoidance (不确定性规避)The extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.1819•Assertiveness (决断性)•Future Orientation •Gender differentiation •Uncertainty avoidance •Power distance •Individual/collectivism •In-group collectivism (组内集体主义)•Performance orientation (绩效取向)•Humane orientation (人本取向)•Assertiveness (决断性)•Future Orientation •Gender differentiation •Uncertainty avoidance •Power distance •Individual/collectivism •In-group collectivism (组内集体主义)•Performance orientation (绩效取向)•Humane orientation (人本取向)E X H I B I T 3–4E X H I B I T 3–420Business Practice•Challenges in Negotiating with AmericanexecutivesAccording to the brochure highlights, your team has 20 minutes to figure out a strategy for meeting with the American purchasing executives. Be as specific as possible. When finished, present your strategy tothe entire class.Attitude BehaviorDesire to reduce dissonance•Importance of elements creating dissonance •Degree of individual influence over elements •Rewards involved in dissonanceDesire to reduce dissonance •Importance of elements creating dissonance •Degree of individual influence over elements •Rewards involved in dissonanceModerating Variables (调节变量)•Importance of the attitude•Specificity of the attitude•Accessibility of the attitude•Social pressures on the individual•Direct experience with the attitudeModerating Variables (调节变量)•Importance of the attitude •Specificity of the attitude •Accessibility of the attitude •Social pressures on the individual •Direct experience with the attitudeSelf-Perception Theory(自我知觉理论)Attitudes are used after the fact to make senseout of an action that has already occurred.25Attitudes and Workforce Diversity •Training activities that can reshapeemployee attitudes concerning diversity:–Participating in diversity training that providesfor self-evaluation and group discussions.–Volunteer work in community and social servecenters with individuals of diversebackgrounds.27Job Satisfaction •Measuring Job Satisfaction–Single global rating–Summation score•How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs?–Job satisfaction declined to 50.4% in U.S. in2002–Recent drop in job satisfaction attributed to:•Pressures to increase productivity through heavierworkloads and meet tighter deadlines•Less control over work28Class Exercise•List some situations where employees were unhappy with the company or their jobs, butstill did a reasonably good job.•Discuss why someone who is unhappy with his/her job might work hard at it and do goodwork.•Why would someone who is happy with his/her job not perform at a higher level than thedisgruntled worker?2931E X H I B I T 3–5E X H I B I T 3–5The Effect of Job Satisfactionon Employee Performance•Satisfaction and Productivity–Satisfied workers aren’t necessarily more productive.–Worker productivity is higher in organizations withmore satisfied workers.•Satisfaction and Absenteeism–Satisfied employees have fewer avoidable absences.•Satisfaction and Turnover–Satisfied employees are less likely to quit.–Organizations take actions to retain high performersand to encourage poor performers to quit.32Satisfaction and OCB •Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)–Satisfied employees who feel fairly treated by and are trusting of the organization are morewilling to engage in behaviors that go beyond the normal expectations of their job.33Job Satisfaction andCustomer Satisfaction •Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty because–They are more friendly, upbeat, andresponsive.–They are less likely to turnover which helpsbuild long-term customer relationships.–They are experienced.•Dissatisfied customers can also increase employee job dissatisfaction.34。
组织行为学英文课件 OB
They can do that by moderating variables
4
Does Behavior Always Follow From Attitudes?
Moderating Variables The most powerful moderators of the attitude-behavior relationship are:
Attitude
Importance of the attitude
Correspondence to behavior
Predict
Accessibility Existence of social pressures
Behavior
Personal and direct experience of the attitude. 5
Are Job Attitudes Distinct?
No: these attitudes are highly related.
Variables may be redundant (measuring the same thing under a different name)
Show whether job satisfaction is a relevant concept in countries other than the United States.
2
Attitudes
Attitudes
Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.
Feeior Always Follow From Attitudes?
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册选词填空答案
Unit 1Where there is a will, there is a way. This proverb means that if you are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will 1)eventually find a way to do it well. The 2) premier point is that you must have the will to achieve success. Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact that there is no strong will involved. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any 3) endeavor to achieve it. So, instead of getting it, they use the poorest excuse to explain the situation away. On many occasions, people tend to 4) bypass every minute obstacle, making the objective impossible to attain. In reality, if they have the will to succeed, they can get rid of the 5) handicaps and achieve their goals. Only those with a(n) 6) committed and focused will and spirit can fight their way to final victory. Many a famous man has the same experience. They have 7) attained their prestige because they have had the will to 8) transcend apparently insuperable (无法克服的) obstacles. Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors have manged to succeed because they possess a fierce will, which has helped them to accomplish major 9) feats. Therefore, we can see that the main thing which one needs is a strong will. Weak-willed people never climb to the top. They collapse at the 10) slightest use of force against them. Strong-willed people, on the other hand will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succeed.Unit 2Social anxiety symptoms often begin during adolescence. It's a developmental process that is 1) characterized by profound psychological changes, especially in terms of how we relate to others. One of the most frustrating 2) aspects of the adolescent years is the tendency for self-focus and a decrease in the 3) amount of focus we have for the feelings and needs of others. While these changes are fairly universal, those of us who were born with a shy temperament (性格) can carry the adolescent fears, which may never 4) recede, into adulthood. An anxious temperament causes our brains to react forcibly when 5) exposed to the stress of sudden awareness of our peers and gradually we become more and more vulnerable. Our brains label the fear of exposure or embarrassment as highly dangerous. This may result in a(n) 6) vicious circle for many years: excessive self-consciousness and inhibition when you feel you are being observed. To cope with the problem, I would like to 7) challenge you to strive for increased focus on other people, in place of your 8) excessive focus on yourself. Yes, I know, this is easier said than done. The fear may cause you to feel that you will lose control or make a fool of yourself when you are in the spotlight (聚光灯). But if you begin to build a new response, in 9) reaction to your fears, you will gradually build up a stronger and more positive response. Remember, don't let self-consciousness 10) paralyze you! Be courageous!Unit 3Audrey Hepburn was a beautiful actress and model, who became one of the most successful and well-known actresses in the film 1) domain. She was a fashion icon and role model for women all over the world, helping to 2) define a particular type of fresh, vulnerable, elfin (小精灵似的) beauty. Today's 3) popularity of the slim fashion model is due to Audrey Hepburn's influence.Although she appeared frail (脆弱的), she was 4) mentally strong. At the end of her acting career when she entered a(n)5) diplomatic career as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, she was so solidly 6) committed to her cause that she was held in highest esteem (尊重) by even the most hardened politicians. Audrey originally started working for UNICEF in 1954, doing radio presentations. She always said it was happy to 7) devote her life to helping impoverished (穷困的) children after her own good fortune in 8) surviving the hardship of the Nazi occupation of Holland. She began her permanent ambassadorship in 1988 and 9) embarked on trips to many countries. She was always positive: "People in these places don't know Audrey Hepburn, but they recognize the name UNICEF. When they see UNICEF their faces light up, because they know that something is happening." In 1992, her 10) humanitarian work with those in need was recognized when she was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for her contribution to humanity.Unit 4"Why would you leave behind your comfortable bed, your home, your family and friends? Why do you want to go alone?" When you are living out of a backpack for a period of time, you may often get questioned why. I seldom get time to sit down and 1) contemplate the reason I travel, but I believe that you only begin to truly live once you step outside of your 2) comfort zone. My first overseas trip was at 14 years old, which 3) sparked my curiosity for the world. Since finishing high school I have 4) ventured through various countries and been amazed by all the 5) diverse cultures scattered around the globe. My eyes are my greatest asset as they have 6) witnessed the most beautiful scenes that replay in my mind every day: 7) stunning landscapes, friendly locals, breath-taking architecture, and food that makes your mouth water once your eyes catch a(n) 8) glimpse. Traveling teaches you to be independent in the most 9) positive way. I know how to depend on myself, go out and meet people, and not let anyone else's expectations 10) dictate my life. Every day I see my dream and every day it's in a new place. I am 22 years young. I quite agree with Anthony Bourdain, "If you're 22, physically fit, hungry to learn and be better, I urge you to travel. Find out how other people live and eat and cook. Learn from them, wherever you go."Unit 5In a study conducted in the UK, it was found that only four out of every five 1) employees were happy at work. Surprisingly, contrary to popular 2) notion, friendly, supportive colleagues and a good manager, instead of the salary or the love for the work, have been found to be the 3) primary causes of happiness at work. So, how do you keep your spirits up and, at the same time, 4) foster a sense of joy on the job? Here is one of the tips to help you on your way to finding happiness and complete job satisfaction in the workplace. Start with a positive outlook. Happiness is a state of mind; it 5) reflects an attitude, though not many people realize it. Staying happy at work is totally based on your 6) motivations and on a positive outlook toward your job, not on 7) monetary rewards or material gain. Dwelling on (老是想着) the good 8) aspects of the work rather than A witnessed F diverse K sparked B dense G stubborn L positive C stunning H glimpse M comfort D cluster I ventured N dictate E contemplate J extended O tropical rattlingon and on (对...喋喋不休) about what makes you unhappy is the basic key to happiness. Negativity and 9) gossiping about bad things may be easy, but it is looking at the bright side that makes for the challenging part of a job. As Francesca Reigler puts it, "Happiness is an attitude. We either make ourselves 10) miserable, or happy and strong. The amount of work is the same."Unit 6World War II was a global war that was under way by 1939, and ended in 1945. It involved a vast majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis(轴心国). It was the most 1) appalling and widespread war in human history, with 2) innumerable people serving in military units. In a state of"total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing(消除) the 3) distinction between civilian and military resources. Estimates for the total number of 4) casualties of the war vary, because many deaths went 5) unrecorded . Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, and 6) massacres . The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over the Axis in 1945. World War II altered the political alignment(结盟) and social structure of the world. The United Nations was established to 7) foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the 8) stage for the so-called Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of the European great powers started to 9) decline , while the decolonization(非殖民地化) of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved toward economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to 10) stabilize post-war relations.。
chapter-3-attitude-and-job-satisfaction
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The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
>=<
第7页，共32页。
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
Organizational commitment
predictor
Job satisfaction predictor
turnover
第16页，共32页。
Another Major Job Attitude
➢ Organizational Commitment
– Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, while wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
Organizational Commitment
Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
第15页，共32页。
Types of Attitudes (Job-related attitudes)
– Has some relation to performance, especially for new employees. – Less important now than in past – now perhaps more of
Values、 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction(英文版)
family-secu, Freedom, happiness, self-respect, mature love responsible, honest, courageous, independent, capable
• activists
Equality,world of peace, family-s honest happiness courageous, helpful, courageous, responsible, capable
Values、 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction （英文版）
1.Concepts
• Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence
understanding of the cosmos as a whole
3.Types of values
(2)Roceach values survey(RVS)
• Terminal: Desirable end-states of existence; the
goals to pursue during one’s lifetime
• Importance: ying foundation for attitudes,
motivation via influencing perceptions; 2. Individuals are not value free, standard of behavior; aligning with the organization’s policy
Job satisfaction 工作满意度比工作稳定感更重要吗 英语作文
Some people think that job satisfaction is more important than job security while some people think that they cannot always expect job satisfaction, a permanent job is more important.You should write at least 250 words.Sample Answer:It is observed that different people have a varied opinion about the job. According to some individuals, job satisfaction should be given priority when compared to security, while others believe that it is difficult to feel satisfied always, instead permanent job should be preferred. Boththe views will be critiqued before reaching a reasoned conclusion.It is felt by many that work which gives self-satisfaction should be opted rather than fixed job. The primary reason for this belief can be the health benefits offered by the content mind. Working at a place which gives you pleasure not only helps to grow in the professional field but also helps to keep yourself healthy. Thus, it is obvious that successful professional life can also result in the perfect personal life, thereby helping you to keep your family members happy.While there are some people who consider life-long employment is necessary even if not fulfilled by the type of work. The main cause of believing this can be the assurance of receiving a constant salary. Usually, people need regular income for fulfilling their daily needs and a permanent job means a regular flow of money. Hence, it is apparent that human being will be able to satisfy his family needs, and can, therefore, live a happy satisfied life.After analysing these two points, it is believed that even though job satisfaction should be considered while accepting jobs, security is verymuch important for leading comfortable and stress-free life. Without a doubt, people will have a flourishing life if they do not have any tension of future.。
组织行为学研究on ATTITUDES and JOB SATISFACTION
Six questions that will help understand attitude:
What are the main components of attitudes? How consistent are attitudes? Does behavior always follow after attitudes? What are the major job attitudes? How are employee attitudes measured? What is the importance of attitudes to workplace diversity?
on ATTITUDES and JOB SATISFACTION
AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR By: Stephen Robbins & Timothy Judge
Prepared by: GREGAR DONAVEN E. VALDEHUEZA, MBA Lourdes College Instructor
whether there exist:
self-perception theory
- attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred.
Self-perception argues that attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred rather than as devices that precede and guide action.
职位态度带来成功和幸福英语作文
职位态度带来成功和幸福英语作文English: Having a positive attitude towards our job can lead to both success and happiness. When we approach our work with enthusiasm, dedication, and a willingness to learn and grow, we are more likely to perform well and achieve our goals. A positive attitude helps us navigate challenges and setbacks with resilience and determination, enabling us to find creative solutions and persevere through tough times. Furthermore, a good attitude can also enhance our relationships with colleagues, clients, and managers, fostering teamwork, collaboration, and mutual respect. This positive work environment not only increases productivity and efficiency but also contributes to our overall job satisfaction and well-being.Translated content: 对工作持积极态度可以带来成功和幸福。
当我们以热情、奉献精神和求知欲来对待工作时，我们更有可能表现出色并实现我们的目标。
做什么事都要认真英语作文
做什么事都要认真英语作文Doing Everything Seriously。
As the saying goes, "whatever is worth doing is worth doing well." Therefore, it is important to take everything seriously in life. Whether it is work, study, or personal relationships, a serious attitude can lead to success and fulfillment.Firstly, taking work seriously can lead to career advancement and job satisfaction. When one is dedicated to their job and puts in their best effort, they are more likely to be recognized for their hard work and may be given more responsibilities or even promotions. Additionally, taking pride in one's work can lead to a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment, which can improve overall job satisfaction.Secondly, taking study seriously can lead to academic success and personal growth. When one is diligent in theirstudies and strives to understand the material, they are more likely to achieve good grades and gain valuable knowledge and skills. Furthermore, taking education seriously can lead to personal growth and development, as it challenges individuals to think critically and expand their perspectives.Lastly, taking personal relationships seriously can lead to stronger connections and happier lives. When one values their relationships and puts effort into maintaining them, they are more likely to have meaningful connections with others and experience greater happiness andfulfillment in their lives.In conclusion, taking everything seriously can lead to success and fulfillment in all aspects of life. Whether it is work, study, or personal relationships, a serious attitude can lead to positive outcomes and a moresatisfying life. Therefore, it is important to approach everything with dedication and a strong work ethic.。
我如何做好工作英文作文
我如何做好工作英文作文英文：As a professional, there are several key points to keep in mind in order to excel in the workplace. First and foremost, it is essential to have a strong work ethic. This means being punctual, reliable, and dedicated to completing tasks to the best of your ability. It also involves being proactive and taking initiative to solve problems and improve processes.Another important aspect is effective communication. This includes not only being able to articulate your thoughts and ideas clearly, but also being a good listener. It is crucial to be able to understand and empathize with your colleagues, as well as being able to convey your own thoughts and ideas in a way that is easily understood.Furthermore, it is important to be adaptable and open to change. The workplace is constantly evolving, and beingable to adapt to new technologies, processes, and ways of working is crucial for success. This also involves being open to feedback and constructive criticism, and being willing to learn and grow from these experiences.In addition, it is important to be a team player. This means being able to collaborate and work effectively with others, as well as being willing to support and help your colleagues when needed. Being a team player also involves being able to resolve conflicts and work through challenges in a constructive and positive manner.Lastly, it is important to maintain a positive attitude and mindset. This not only contributes to a more pleasant work environment, but also helps to improve productivity and overall job satisfaction. A positive attitude can also be contagious, and can help to motivate and inspire others in the workplace.中文：作为一名职场人士，要想在工作中脱颖而出，有几个关键点需要牢记在心。
英语作文对工作的态度
英语作文对工作的态度In the professional realm, the attitude one holds towards their work can significantly influence their careertrajectory and overall job satisfaction. A positive work attitude is often associated with higher productivity, better collaboration, and a more fulfilling work experience.Commitment and DedicationA committed employee is one who is dedicated to their job and takes pride in their work. They are willing to go the extra mile to ensure that tasks are completed to the best of their abilities. This level of dedication not only leads to personal growth but also contributes to the success of the team and the organization.Responsibility and AccountabilityTaking responsibility for one's work is a key aspect of a positive work attitude. It means being accountable for the outcomes of one's actions and owning up to any mistakes. This fosters trust and respect among colleagues and superiors.Openness to Learning and GrowthIn an ever-evolving work environment, it is crucial to maintain an attitude of continuous learning. Embracing new skills, knowledge, and technologies can help an individual stay relevant and competitive in their field.Teamwork and CollaborationA positive work attitude also involves being a team player. This means collaborating effectively with others, sharing ideas, and working towards common goals. Teamwork can lead to innovative solutions and a more harmonious workplace.Adaptability and FlexibilityThe ability to adapt to change and remain flexible in the face of challenges is another important aspect of a good work attitude. This resilience can help individuals navigate through uncertainties and maintain productivity.Professionalism and IntegrityMaintaining professionalism and integrity in all work-related activities is essential. This includes being punctual, respectful, and honest in all interactions with colleagues and clients.In conclusion, a positive work attitude encompasses a range of behaviors and mindsets that contribute to personal success and organizational effectiveness. It is a dynamic and evolving process that requires ongoing effort and self-reflection. By cultivating these attitudes, individuals can enhance their work experience and contribute meaningfully to their workplace.。
attitudes_and_job_satisfaction-robbinsjudge
3-11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Define Job Satisfaction LO 4 and Show How It Can Be Measured
• Job satisfaction
3-13 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
3-8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
LO 3
Compare and Contrast the Major Job Attitudes
• Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
• Contrast the three components of an attitude. • Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior. • Compare and contrast the major job attitudes. • Define job satisfaction and show how it can be measured. • Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction. • Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction.
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• Affective – emotional attachment to organization • Continuance Commitment – economic value of staying • Normative - moral or ethical obligations
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Individuals will seek a stable state in which there is a minimum of dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.
© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
3-17
你理想的工作是怎样的？
The best job in the world!!!
–每天漫步于蓝天白云的沙滩上，偶尔下水帮鱼群拍照， 再免费帮你出机票至邻近岛屿探险，这么好的工作还有 15万澳币的薪水可以领。
Change attitude (nothing wrong in polluting the river)
Change behavior (stop polluting the river)
Solving paths
Reduce dissonance (as a corporate decision maker, behavior should be in the best interest of organization)
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
No individual can completely avoid dissonance. – Cheating on your income tax is wrong, but you fudge the income numbers a bit every year with the hope that you aren’t audited. – 你认为偷税漏税是错误的,但你还是会篡改你的收入数据,同时 希望不会被审计.
Employee Engagement
– The degree of involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the job. – Engaged employees பைடு நூலகம்re passionate about their work and company.
© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
3-16
And Yet More Major Job Attitudes…
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
– Degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. – Higher when rewards are fair, employees are involved in decision-making, and supervisors are seen as supportive. – High POS is related to higher OCBs and performance.
Types of Attitudes (Job-related attitudes)
Organizational commitment predictor
turnover
Job satisfaction predictor
Another Major Job Attitude
Organizational Commitment
Attitudes
Predict
Moderating Variables
Behavior
© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
3-11
Predicting Behavior from Attitudes
– Important attitudes have a strong relationship to behavior. – The closer the match between attitude and behavior, the stronger the relationship: • Specific attitudes predict specific behavior • General attitudes predict general behavior – The more frequently expressed an attitude, the better predictor it is. – High social pressures reduce the relationship and may cause dissonance. – Attitudes based on personal experience are stronger predictors.
Attitudes
Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.
Affective Component The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.
Consonant elements outweigh dissonance elements (the benefits from manufacturing products more than Offset the cost to society of the resulting pollution)
Company’s profitability
>=<
Attitudes on pollution
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
A high degree of cognitive dissonance because of the importance of the elements
Altering attitudes
Inconsistency
Altering behaviors
Developing a rationalization For the discrepancy
勒温参与态度改变理论
勒温(Kurt Lewin)研究发现个体态度的改变同群体的规范和 价值紧密相关。个体在群体中的活动性质决定他的态度，也 会改变他的态度。 不同的活动方式对美国家庭主妇改变持杂碎的态度的影响 采取演讲灌输的方式，由 营养专家讲解动物内脏的 营养价值及烹饪方法和口 味等，要求她们改变对内 脏的厌恶态度。 3％的人改变了态度 采取讨论的方式，组织她 们对动物内脏的营养价值、 烹饪方法及口味等展开讨 论，最后由营养专家指导 每个人烹煮。 32％的人改变了态度
Behavioral Component An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.
Attitudes and Consistency
People seek consistency among their attitudes between their attitudes and behavior.
© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
3-12
Types of Attitudes (Job-related attitudes)
Job Satisfaction
Job-related attitudes
Job Involvement
Organizational Commitment
Moderating Variables
The most powerful moderators of the attitudebehavior relationship are:
– – – – – Importance of the attitude Correspondence to behavior Accessibility Existence of social pressures Personal and direct experience of the attitude.
诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡
诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡
诸葛亮对马谡的 态度：喜欢
1）马谡是亲信 2）马谡是人才
诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡
诸葛亮为什么要杀马谡？ 失街亭 依法治蜀 诸葛亮斩马谡为什 么要“挥泪”？ 诸葛亮的态度与其行 为不一致
诸葛亮挥泪斩马谡：认知失调 为什么认知失调， 1）有重要因素（依法治蜀） 2）失调有奖励（精诚团结）
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
Corporate manager’ believes: no company should pollute the air or water