Lewinsky Scandal
历史今天：1998年克林顿承认性臭闻(8.17)
杰森英语,杰森英语官网,杰森英语怎么样
编辑:yingyu
g Clintons first term, and began a personal
relationship with him later that year. As Lewinskys
relationship with Clinton became more distant and she
left the White House to work at The Pentagon,
impeachment charges (of perjury and obstruction day Senate trial.In 1995, Monica
Lewinsky, a graduate of Lewis Clark College, was
hired to work as an intern at the White House durin
【英文原文】The Lewinsky scandal was a political
sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship
between United States President Bill Clinton and a
22-year-
-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. The news
jury testimony Clinton was guarded, and argued, I
t depends on what the meaning of the word is is.【中
文译文】莱温斯基丑闻指的是美国总统比尔克林
GRE_issue例子总结
我在准备issue过程中用到的查到的一些词及词组，我发现在引用例子的时候很多时候是知道用中文怎么说却常常被一个词的英文说法而难住了，所以我就一个个都查了出来，可能不能满足大家所有的要求，也希望对大家有点帮助吧，祝大家杀G成功：１）The flight of Apollo 11; lunar landing mission ，阿波罗１１号的登月计划另外，Apollo 13号的登月很惊险，大家可能都知道吧？看过电影“阿波罗１３”的人都知道这段历史吧？不知道的兄弟姐妹上百度搜一下就知道啦！，还有，“挑战者号”Challenger；哥伦比亚号Columbia２）杨氏双缝实验（大学物理讲过的，呵呵）：Young’ double-slit experiment，严格来说，这个实验是用classical theory cannot explain，这里面涉及到quantum theory，即量子理论，我不是学物理的，但是据我查的资料上说，其实人类对量子理论并没有完全地明白，也没法用它解释一切，这个观点我觉得可能用来说明人类的认识过程是由不知到知的认识过程，要用发展的眼光来看问题。
３）火星登月计划：Mars Exploration Rover Mission which costs $425 million every year for the assembly, test and launch process which is just the same amount as it costs to the film Titanic and Pearl Harbor，哇，够狠，老美有钱！另外，moon rover是月球车的意思，同理Mars rover．４）Manhattan Project，曼哈顿计划，就是当年Einstein 和Oppenheimer（奥本海默，这小子狠，被称为原子弹之父，一定要记住，这小子在听说美国在对Hiroshima，即日本广岛投原子弹之后，曾感叹自己当初不应该研制原子弹which给人类带来了灾难，科技与人性的题目能用到）５）多利Dolly，不用说了，我想顺着这只名羊提一提关于基因工程( genetic engineering)，转基因技术：transgenics，人体胚胎：human embryo，ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构：the double-helix structure of DNA,还有两个牛人，就是发现ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构的沃森和克里克,Waston and Crick６）二战纳粹德国在活人上做实验，用大量的犹太妇女人活体实验为的是研制避孕药（oral contraceptive）７）关于丑闻：Bill Clinton’s sexual scandal with Monica Lewinsky；Nixon’s Watergate scandal；兴奋剂：stimulant；猥亵（针对那个把自己黑皮染白的那个小子的）：v. molest; n. molestation；Kobe Bryant Rape case;８）垃圾邮件：不要再说junk mail啦，老土！有个更native的词：spam，记住哟！９）环境问题：氟利昂：freon，臭氧层：ozonosphere/ ozone layer，臭氧空洞：ozone hole；赤潮：red tide １０）关于美国总统：刺杀总统；岂今为止，美国一共有四位总统被刺杀，第一位是Abraham Lincoln,最后一位是John F. Kennedy，还有许多刺杀未遂的，比如刺杀Roosevelt，Truman等等，这可以被用来例子表明领导者不可能让每一个人都满意．另外，罗斯福是个残疾人，大家知道吧？脊髓灰质炎导致坐在轮椅上，不过他并不是小时候得的病，挺奇怪，小儿麻痹并不是像我们想象的那样只能小时候得谈到杜鲁门，我得多说一句，当年美国的曼哈顿计划是罗斯福批的，知道美国要研究原子弹的人并不多，甚至许多后来参加研制的科学家都不知道自己在从事什么研究工作，保密工作做的相当严密，以致后来罗斯福下台，杜鲁门上台的时候都不知道美国已经研制出了原子弹．１１）北美最大范围的停电：blackout (or power failure )in eastern US and Canada，人类对科技依赖的例证．１２）巨牛的深蓝电脑，就是下棋的那个Deep Blue，是IBM的电脑，有２５６个processor，另外IBM还有个别称Big Blue１３）直线加速器linear accelerator，回旋加速器cyclotron accelerator１４）永动机perpetual motion machine１５）名人Albeit Einstein：photo electronic effect (光电效应) ；question classical mechanics, quantum theory,不要墨守成规stick to conventions,头脑要灵活，不能太固执adamant/ obstinate/ stubborn/ headstrong，质能方程：mass-energy equationGalileo: did experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system ;was later tried by Inquisition(宗教法庭) and forced to recant（改变信仰）; 哥白尼Copernicus，日心说：sun-centered system地心说：earth-centered system，布鲁诺Bruno，火刑be burned at stakeIsaac Newton：经典力学classical mechanics, 万有引力universal gravitation，be inspired by the falling apple;stand on the shoulders of giantsHegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.Karl Marx 的辩证唯物主义来自于黑格尔的辩证法dialectic 和费尔巴哈Feuerbach的唯物论Vincent van Gogh：梵高，作品sunflowerMonet莫奈作品sunriseSteven Hawking: British theoretical physicist noted for his research into the origin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang（宇宙大爆炸理论）and black hole（黑洞）theoryMandela（曼德拉）, （struggle against segregation in South Africa）the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal controlDiscriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result.The best example is [Toshiba |, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.Roosevelt: the 32nd president and the only president elected for 4th terms (1933-45); developed reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.Washington: 1st president of the U.S. (1789-1797); established many precedents that permanently shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the U.S. (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.Jefferson: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the U.S. (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance initially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidenc y. It reflected vividly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.Wright Brothers(怀特兄弟):It lasted only 12 seconds, but those 12 seconds changed history. On December 17, 1903, two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight 哥俩的飞机就在天上呆了１２秒.Marie Curie: probed the mysteries of radioactivity and X rays. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in science. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes.Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!”Captain James Cook : sailed around the world twice. He was the first European to reach Hawaii and New ZealandOsama bin LadenConfucius孔子，Mencius孟子１６）偷窥：peep，窃听: wiretap１７）颁布法律：enact a law１８）弱肉强食：the law of jungle１９）路易十六Louis XVI，就是被最终砍头（be guillotined）的那个法国国王。
大学英语阅读三级passage1-10
（Passage 1The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 per cent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune.The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’ s general disposition.Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wise man, who led the research.The pattern of the results, with those born in spring and summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said.1. According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky not depends on the following factors EXCEPT ______A) one’s objective success B) one’s general di sposition·C) one’s attitude to life D) one’s place of birth2. According to the passage, those who were born in _______ regard themselves as the most fortunate.A) March B) April C) May D) October3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) Optimistic people tend to be luckier.B) Devoted people tend to be luckier.！C) Objective success is more important than one’s general disposition in feeling lucky.D) People drinking more water tend to be luckier.4. Which of the following words can best replace the word “trait”(Line 8, Para. 2)A) quality. B) expectation. C) belief. D) idea.is the best title for the passageA) Luck is Something Born.@B) Luck is Not All Down to Chance.C) Luck is A Matter of Blind Chance.D) Luck and Age.Passage 2Researchers say most of us make instant judgement about a person on the basis of how they look. They say facial features can determine whether we like or trust someone. It may even influence how we vote.“Over the years, we have found that facial features affect the way many of us perceive others,” says Elisabeth Cornwell, a psychology researcher at the university’s Perception Laboratory. Studies suggest that people are less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features, such as a square jaw, small eyes or big nose. “They are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy,” says Ms Cornwell. “It doesn’t mean that men who look more masculine are less trustworthy—It’s just our first impressions. “ T hose with less masculine features—larger eyes, a smaller nose and thinner lips—are deemed to be more trustworthy. “We are very good at processing these features quickly,” says Ms Cornwell.`The researchers are putting their science to the test at the Roya l society’s annual summer exhibition in London. They have subtly manipulated the faces of Prime Minister Tony Blair, Conservative leader Michael Howard and Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy accentuating their dominant and trustworthy features respectively. “We have used a computer programme to change the shape of their face and features. We hope it will help people to understand our work.” So should we expect to see Tony Blair, Michael Howard and Charles Kennedy at the exhibition getting tips “I don’t think it’s something they will want to try,” says Ms Cornwell. “It’s not really possible with television. We all know what they look like. I think they would be naive to try it.”1. Why are people less likely to trust those with particularly masculine featuresA) Because they are bad-tempered.B) Because they are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy.C) Because they are perceived as tricky.D) Because they are more stubborn.2. According to the passage, which of the following is perceived as a g masculine featureA) Larger eyes. B) A square jaw.^C) A smaller nose. D) Thinner lips.3. What can be inferred from the passageA) Most of us tend to judge people by how they look.B) Some studies show that people with particular masculine features are more dominant.C) A candidate with less masculine features is more likely to win a vote.D) Most of us are with masculine features.4. Why will Tony Blair not want to change his facial features according to the passageA) Because he is so popular that everyone knows what he looks like.{B) Because he does not want to get tips.C) Because he has great confidence in his looks.D) Because he is very naive.5.. What is the best title for the passageA) Facial Features.B) How People Perceive Others.C) Facial Features Are Everything.D) How Facial Features Affect One’s First Impression.;Passage 3British university entrants expect to be provided with washing machines and dryers in their rooms, and even car parking spaces, a survey has found. Students are also less prepared to tolerate poor quality living conditions than their predecessors, says the survey by British polling organization Mori.More than 1,000 full-time undergraduates and postgraduates from 21 universities across the UK were surveyed for the research. It shows that location is the key factor in choosing accommodation for students—nearly half of those interviewed said that being close to their place of study was the most important factor in their choice. Cost came second, with evidence that many parents foot the bills for their children’s rent. The survey also shows that students are no longer prepared to carry bags of washing to the nearest launderette. These newcomers expect washers and dryers to be provided with their accommodation. The study also highlights those things today’s students expect as standard—communal areas to be cleaned regularly, utility bills to be included, even private car parking space to be included.Separate findings from the UK’s National Union of Students published earlier this year show more than half of students in private rented accommodation are living in unsatisfactory conditions.1. Who are the subjects of the survey·A) Some oversea students in U. K.B) Some undergraduates and postgraduates in U. K. universities.C) Some graduates in U. K. universities.D) Some British students in other countries.2. What kind of accommodation is the most attractive to students according to the survey by British polling organization MoriA) An apartment near their universities.B) A cheap house far way from their universities.C) An apartment with car parking space.|D) An apartment with washing machines.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) The survey described in the passage is conducted by UK ‘ s National Union of Students.B) Most of the subjects are from universities in London.C) Most college students pay the rent by themselves.D) Students think that communal areas should be cleaned regularly by cleaners rather than themselves.4. According to the passage, the choice of accommodation is influenced by the following factors EXCEPT ______.A) convenience B) comfort|C) low rents D) weather5. What does the survey indicateA) U. K. university students are increasingly satisfied with their living conditions.B) U. K. university students are less and less energetic.C) U. K. university students demand higher qualities of their living conditions.D) U. K. university students pay less and less attention to their studies. Passage 4，The former first lady and now New York Senator, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has written a book about her eight years in the White House. It is being released with a great deal of public fanfare. The book reveals details about the notorious Monica Lewinsky scandal involving her husband, President Clinton.In Living History, the wife of former President Clinton recounts the moment when Mr. Clinton informed her that he had, fact, had what he called “a relationship that was not ap propriate” with Miss Lewinsky, then a White House intern. She writes, “I’ could hardly breathe. Gulping for air, I started crying and yelling at him. What do you mean What are you saying Why did you lie to me I was furious and getting more so by the second. He just stood there saying over and over again, I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. I was trying to protect you and Chelsea, referring to their daughter.”Mrs. Clinton says she hopes that people will read the book for more than intimate details of her troubled marr iage. “It’ s a pretty long book, and it’s about my life, and it’s about all of the issues that I’ve worked on, particularly on behalf of women and children, and things that I’ ye cared about literally since I was alittle girl,” she said. “I think it will give people more insight and, perhaps, answer questions. It’s also my story.”Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Senator Clinton $ 8 million for the 560-page book, and has ordered an unusually large first printing of one-million copies. Publishing rights to the book already have been sold in 16 countries.1. What appeals to the readers most in the book Living History according to the passageA) Hilary’s eight years in the White House.B) Hilary’s troubled marriage.C) The issues that Hilary have worked on.?D) Hilary’s life as a senator.2. The word “notorious” (Line 4, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to______.A) well-known B) unheard-ofC) surprising D) amusing3. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s reaction when Mr. Clinto n told her his inappropriate relationship with Miss LewinskyA) Indifferent. B) Calm.C) Angry. D) Astonished.4. What is Hilary’s comment on her own book;A) It is more than interesting.B) It can meet the need of people to know a bout other’ s intimacy.C) It is an academic bookD) The language of the book is beautiful.5. What CANNOT be inferred from the passageA) Living History is expected to sell well.B) Living History will be published beyond America.C) Mrs. Clinton is well paid for the book Living History.~D) Mr. Clinton is a responsible husband.passage 5The human form of mad cow disease, an incurable, brain-wasting illness that’s killed more than 100 people in Britain, has claimed its first Canadian victim. Canadian health officials confirmed Thursday that the unidentified man died sometime this summer. The man, who lived in the western province of Saskatchewan, contracted the disease from eating contaminated meat while traveling in Britain.Dr. Antonio Giulivi, an official with the government agency Health Canada, quickly moved to calm fears by assuring the public the disease had not entered the Canadian food supply.The variant of the cow-killing illness, known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is believed to be caused when ground parts of diseased cattle are mixed into cattlefeed and those cows are turned into processed meats for human consumption. Though the disease cannot be confirmed until an autopsy is performed on the dead brain, symptoms of human infection include uncontrolled shaking, dementia and finally paralysis.But while government officials insisted safeguards are in place to keep the disease out of Canadian meat, warnings were issued to 71 patients at the hospital where the infected man was treated before his illness was identified. Those patients had been treated with the same medical instruments used on the diseased man. Though the instruments were cleaned and disinfected, officials said a theoretical possibility remains that those people could have been infected.{News of the death initially sent Canadian restaurant stocks into a tailspin, but most of them recovered by the end of the trading session.1. Where is the Canadian supposed to contact mad cow diseaseA) In Saskatchewan. B) In Britain.C) In Canada. D) Not mentioned.2. Which part of the body does the mad cow disease mainly affectA) Hands. B) Legs.C) Brain. D) Liver.^3. Why did the Canadian government issue warnings to 71 patientsA) They ever used the same medical instruments with the first Canadian victim.B) They were intimate relatives of the first Canadian victim.C) They had ever traveled to Britain.D) They were supposed to have contacted mad cow disease.4. What did Health Canada do after the mad cow disease infected a CanadianA) Health Canada concealed the truth by all means.B) Health Canada tried to remove public fear.…C) Health Canada succeeded in curing the victim.D) Health Canada tried to find ways to cure the disease.5. What can be inferred from the passageA) The news of the mad cow disease death has no effect on Canadian economy.B) We can decide whether a person contract mad cow disease by the symptoms of uncontrolled shaking, dementia and paralysis.C) Some cows in Canada contracted mad cow disease.D) The mad cow disease is not completely known to the scientists yet.、Passage 6A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth’s natural resources, in advance of this month’ s U. N. -sponsored sustainable developmentsummit in Johannesburg.The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world’s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. . Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report i s that the world’s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you h ave to address energy. You can’t reduce poverty unless you also address land and water. You can’t improve children’s health without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health.1. When is the . report mentioned in the passage releasedA) At the sustainable development summit.\B) Before the Earth Summit.C) After the sustainable development summit.D) Last year.2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______A) environmental protection needs cooperation.B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world.C) air pollution in Asia is very serious.D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.)3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passageA) The rising sea level.B) The conflicts around the world.C) The improved living standard.D) The unsustainable way energy is used.4. What does the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) meanA) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to.C) Deal with. D) Make use of.：5. What can be inferred from the passageA) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future.B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production.C) Sustainable development is impossible.D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.Passage 7The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago.%The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University.Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms, to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendations from employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request each institution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope.I. What can be concluded from the first paragraphA) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded.B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government.C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city.D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition.~2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____A) its cross-fertilization B) its long historyC) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation.C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.！4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressedA) The dean of students of its graduate division.B) The president of the university.C) The concerning professor.D) Any teachers in the university5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of ChicagoA) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.！Passage 8Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the st udy’s sponsors. “It really points he need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to（A) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by CarnegieA) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according tothe passageA) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends.|B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying.C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet.4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the researchA) We should not have developed the Internet technology.B) We should change the way we use the Internet.C) We need Internet technology very much.D) TV is more useful than the Internet.#5. What is the best title for the passageA) The Popularity of Internet Use.B) The History of Internet Use.C) The Harm of Internet Use.D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.Passage 9;The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to “infect”. In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign”viruses might simply di splay a message, like the one that infected IBM’s main computer system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passageA) The overgrowth of computer.B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program.C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-ID) The weak management of the government.、2. What is computer virus in factA) A kind of biological virus.B) A kind of evil program.C) A kind of biological worm.D) Something that only exists in the fictions.3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacksA) The time the attack is made.B) The presence of a particular file.}C) The security privilege level of the user.D) The different ways the virus was programmed.4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passageA) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the com puter.B) “Benign” virus might delete files.C) “Benign” virus might display a message.D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.5. Where does the term “computer virus” come from（A) It comes from a play.B ) It comes from a computer game.C) It comes from a science fiction.D) It comes from a news report.Passage 10Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald’s to attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0’ Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hu t and KFC. “It’s becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a yearago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry.A) the tough competitionB) a richer populationC) the saturation of marketD) the lower quality of fast food2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencinga hard timeA) Price-cutting by industry leaders.B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home foodC) The selling of KFC.D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passageA) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries.4. What can be inferred from the passageA) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s.C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food.D) Rich people like fast food more.5. What is the passage mainly concerned aboutA) The popularity of fast food.B) The disadvantage of fast food.C) The troubles of fast food.D) The advantages of fast food.。
there+years+ago,英语作文
there+years+ago,英语作文There were times long ago when life was simpler and the world seemed a much smaller place. It was a time before the rapid advancements of technology, globalization, and the ever-changing social landscape that has come to define the modern era. Three decades ago, the landscape of our society was vastly different, shaped by unique cultural trends, political climates, and technological capabilities that have since evolved.Thirty years ago, the world was on the cusp of remarkable change. The Cold War was drawing to a close, with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 signaling the decline of the Soviet Union's influence. This geopolitical shift ushered in a new era of global cooperation and the emergence of the United States as the sole superpower. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe gave rise to democratic movements and a renewed sense of optimism for the future.In the realm of technology, the 1990s witnessed remarkable advancements that would forever alter the way we live, work, and communicate. The World Wide Web, introduced to the public in1991, rapidly gained traction, revolutionizing how we access and share information. The personal computer, once a novelty, became an essential tool in homes and workplaces around the world. The advent of mobile phones, while still bulky and limited in functionality, foreshadowed the ubiquitous smartphones that would become an integral part of our daily lives.Culturally, the 1990s were a decade of diversity and experimentation. Music genres like grunge, hip-hop, and electronic dance music gained mainstream popularity, reflecting the changing tastes and attitudes of a younger generation. Fashion trends embraced a more casual, eclectic style, with the rise of brands like Gap, Nirvana, and Adidas. Television programming also underwent a transformation, with the emergence of groundbreaking shows like "Friends," "Seinfeld," and "The Sopranos," which pushed the boundaries of storytelling and character development.In the realm of politics, the 1990s saw the presidency of Bill Clinton, whose administration grappled with issues such as the Lewinsky scandal, the Oklahoma City bombing, and the Rwandan genocide. The world also witnessed the first Gulf War, which marked a significant shift in the US military's approach to conflict and the use of advanced technology in warfare.Environmentally, the 1990s brought increased awareness and actionregarding climate change and sustainability. The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in 1997, though its implementation and effectiveness have been the subject of ongoing debate.Socially, the 1990s witnessed significant strides in the fight for civil rights and social justice. The LGBTQ+ community made important gains, with the legalization of same-sex marriage in several countries and the increased visibility and representation of LGBTQ+ individuals in media and popular culture. The women's rights movement also continued to gain momentum, with more women entering the workforce and assuming positions of power in various industries and political spheres.Despite the progress and optimism of the 1990s, the decade was not without its challenges. The rise of globalization led to economic upheaval, with the Asian financial crisis of 1997 serving as a stark reminder of the interconnectedness of the global economy. The threat of terrorism also loomed large, with the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing foreshadowing the tragic events of September 11, 2001.As we look back on the 1990s, it is clear that this was a pivotal period that laid the foundation for the world we inhabit today. The technological advancements, cultural shifts, and geopoliticaltransformations of that era have had a lasting impact, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with one another.In many ways, the 1990s represented a time of transition, a bridge between the past and the present. The rapid pace of change and the sense of possibility that permeated the decade have left an indelible mark on our collective consciousness. While the world has continued to evolve in the years since, the lessons and experiences of the 1990s remain relevant, reminding us of the resilience, creativity, and adaptability that have defined the human experience.As we reflect on the past, it is important to recognize that the world we inhabit today is a product of the choices, innovations, and struggles of those who came before us. The 1990s, with all its complexities and contradictions, serve as a testament to the power of human ingenuity, the resilience of the human spirit, and the enduring desire for progress and change.。
大学英语阅读三级Passage 1-10
Passage 1The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 per cent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune.The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’ s general disposition.Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wise man, who led the research.The pattern of the results, with those born in spring and summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said.1. According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky not depends on the following factors EXCEPT ______A) one’s objective success B) one’s general disp ositionC) one’s attitude to life D) one’s place of birth2. According to the passage, those who were born in _______ regard themselves as the most fortunate.A) March B) April C) May D) October3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) Optimistic people tend to be luckier.B) Devoted people tend to be luckier.C) Objective success is more important than one’s general disposition in feeling lucky.D) People drinking more water tend to be luckier.4. Which of the following words can best replace the word “trait”(Line 8, Para. 2)A) quality. B) expectation. C) belief. D) idea.is the best title for the passageA) Luck is Something Born.B) Luck is Not All Down to Chance.C) Luck is A Matter of Blind Chance.D) Luck and Age.Passage 2Researchers say most of us make instant judgement about a person on the basis of how they look. They say facial features can determine whether we like or trust someone. It may even influence how we vote.“Over the years, we have found that facial features affect the way many of us perceive others,” says Elisabeth Cornwell, a psychology researcher at the university’s Perception Laboratory. Studies suggest that people are less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features, such as a square jaw, small eyes or big nose. “They are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy,” says MsCornwell. “It doesn’t mean that men who look more masculine are less trustworthy—It’s just our first impressions. “ Those wit h less masculine features—larger eyes, a smaller nose and thinner lips—are deemed to be more trustworthy. “We are very good at processing these features quickly,” says Ms Cornwell.The researchers are putting their science to the test at the Royal society’s annual summer exhibition in London. They have subtly manipulated the faces of Prime Minister Tony Blair, Conservative leader Michael Howard and Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy accentuating their dominant and trustworthy features respectively. “We have used a computer programme to change the shape of their face and features. We hope it will help people to understand our work.” So should we expect to see Tony Blair, Michael Howard and Charles Kennedy at the exhibition getting tips “I don’t think it’s something they will want to try,” says Ms Cornwell. “It’s not really possible with television. We all know what they look like. I think they would be naive to try it.”1. Why are people less likely to trust those with particularly masculine featuresA) Because they are bad-tempered.B) Because they are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy.C) Because they are perceived as tricky.D) Because they are more stubborn.2. According to the passage, which of the following is perceived as a g masculine featureA) Larger eyes. B) A square jaw.C) A smaller nose. D) Thinner lips.3. What can be inferred from the passageA) Most of us tend to judge people by how they look.B) Some studies show that people with particular masculine features are moredominant.C) A candidate with less masculine features is more likely to win a vote.D) Most of us are with masculine features.4. Why will Tony Blair not want to change his facial features according to the passageA) Because he is so popular that everyone knows what he looks like.B) Because he does not want to get tips.C) Because he has great confidence in his looks.D) Because he is very naive.5.. What is the best title for the passageA) Facial Features.B) How People Perceive Others.C) Facial Features Are Everything.D) How Facial Features Affect One’s First Impression.Passage 3British university entrants expect to be provided with washing machines and dryers in their rooms, and even car parking spaces, a survey has found. Students are also less prepared to tolerate poor quality living conditions than their predecessors, says the survey by British polling organization Mori.More than 1,000 full-time undergraduates and postgraduates from 21 universities across the UK were surveyed for the research. It shows that location is the key factor in choosing accommodation for students—nearly half of those interviewed said that being close to their place of study was the most important factor in their choice. Cost came second, with evidence that many parents foot the bills for their children’s rent. The survey also shows that students are no longer prepared to carry bags of washing to the nearest launderette. These newcomers expectwashers and dryers to be provided with their accommodation. The study also highlights those things today’s students expect as standard—communal areas to be cleaned regularly, utility bills to be included, even private car parking space to be included.Separate findings from the UK’s National Union of Students published earlie r this year show more than half of students in private rented accommodation are living in unsatisfactory conditions.1. Who are the subjects of the surveyA) Some oversea students in U. K.B) Some undergraduates and postgraduates in U. K. universities.C) Some graduates in U. K. universities.D) Some British students in other countries.2. What kind of accommodation is the most attractive to students according to the survey by British polling organization MoriA) An apartment near their universities.B) A cheap house far way from their universities.C) An apartment with car parking space.D) An apartment with washing machines.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) The survey described in the passage is conducted by UK ‘ s National Union of Students.B) Most of the subjects are from universities in London.C) Most college students pay the rent by themselves.D) Students think that communal areas should be cleaned regularly by cleaners rather than themselves.4. According to the passage, the choice of accommodation is influenced by thefollowing factors EXCEPT ______.A) convenience B) comfortC) low rents D) weather5. What does the survey indicateA) U. K. university students are increasingly satisfied with their living conditions.B) U. K. university students are less and less energetic.C) U. K. university students demand higher qualities of their living conditions.D) U. K. university students pay less and less attention to their studies. Passage 4The former first lady and now New York Senator, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has written a book about her eight years in the White House. It is being released with a great deal of public fanfare. The book reveals details about the notorious Monica Lewinsky scandal involving her husband, President Clinton.In Living History, the wife of former President Clinton recounts the moment when Mr. Clinton informed her that he had, fact, had what he called “a relationship that was not appropriate” with Miss Lew insky, then a White House intern. She writes, “I’ could hardly breathe. Gulping for air, I started crying and yelling at him. What do you mean What are you saying Why did you lie to me I was furious and getting more so by the second. He just stood there sa ying over and over again, I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. I was trying to protect you and Chelsea, referring to their daughter.”Mrs. Clinton says she hopes that people will read the book for more than intimate details of her troubled marriage. “It’ s a pretty long book, and it’s about my life, and it’s about all of the issues that I’ve worked on, particularly on behalf of women and children, and things that I’ ye cared about literally since I was a little girl,” she said. “I think it will give people more insight and, perhaps,answer questions. It’s also my story.”Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Senator Clinton $ 8 million for the 560-page book, and has ordered an unusually large first printing of one-million copies. Publishing rights to the book already have been sold in 16 countries.1. What appeals to the readers most in the book Living History according to the passageA) Hilary’s eight years in the White House.B) Hilary’s troubled marriage.C) The issues that Hilary have worked on.D) Hilary’s life as a senat or.2. The word “notorious” (Line 4, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to______.A) well-known B) unheard-ofC) surprising D) amusing3. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s reaction when Mr. Clinton told her his inappropriate relationship with Miss LewinskyA) Indifferent. B) Calm.C) Angry. D) Astonished.4. What is Hilary’s comment on her own bookA) It is more than interesting.B) It can meet the need of people to know about other’ s intimacy.C) It is an academic bookD) The language of the book is beautiful.5. What CANNOT be inferred from the passageA) Living History is expected to sell well.B) Living History will be published beyond America.C) Mrs. Clinton is well paid for the book Living History.D) Mr. Clinton is a responsible husband.passage 5The human form of mad cow disease, an incurable, brain-wasting illness that’s killed more than 100 people in Britain, has claimed its first Canadian victim. Canadian health officials confirmed Thursday that the unidentified man died sometime this summer. The man, who lived in the western province of Saskatchewan, contracted the disease from eating contaminated meat while traveling in Britain.Dr. Antonio Giulivi, an official with the government agency Health Canada, quickly moved to calm fears by assuring the public the disease had not entered the Canadian food supply.The variant of the cow-killing illness, known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is believed to be caused when ground parts of diseased cattle are mixed into cattle feed and those cows are turned into processed meats for human consumption. Though the disease cannot be confirmed until an autopsy is performed on the dead brain, symptoms of human infection include uncontrolled shaking, dementia and finally paralysis.But while government officials insisted safeguards are in place to keep the disease out of Canadian meat, warnings were issued to 71 patients at the hospital where the infected man was treated before his illness was identified. Those patients had been treated with the same medical instruments used on the diseased man. Though the instruments were cleaned and disinfected, officials said a theoretical possibility remains that those people could have been infected.News of the death initially sent Canadian restaurant stocks into a tailspin, but most of them recovered by the end of the trading session.1. Where is the Canadian supposed to contact mad cow diseaseA) In Saskatchewan. B) In Britain.C) In Canada. D) Not mentioned.2. Which part of the body does the mad cow disease mainly affectA) Hands. B) Legs.C) Brain. D) Liver.3. Why did the Canadian government issue warnings to 71 patientsA) They ever used the same medical instruments with the first Canadian victim.B) They were intimate relatives of the first Canadian victim.C) They had ever traveled to Britain.D) They were supposed to have contacted mad cow disease.4. What did Health Canada do after the mad cow disease infected a CanadianA) Health Canada concealed the truth by all means.B) Health Canada tried to remove public fear.C) Health Canada succeeded in curing the victim.D) Health Canada tried to find ways to cure the disease.5. What can be inferred from the passageA) The news of the mad cow disease death has no effect on Canadian economy.B) We can decide whether a person contract mad cow disease by the symptoms of uncontrolled shaking, dementia and paralysis.C) Some cows in Canada contracted mad cow disease.D) The mad cow disease is not completely known to the scientists yet.Passage 6A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth’s natural resources, in advance of this month’ s U. N. -sponsored sustainable development summit in Johannesburg.The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented ratesduring the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world’s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. . Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report is that the world’s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you have to address energy. You can’t reduc e poverty unless you also address land and water. You can’t improve children’s health without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health.1. When is the . report mentioned in the passage releasedA) At the sustainable development summit.B) Before the Earth Summit.C) After the sustainable development summit.D) Last year.2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______A) environmental protection needs cooperation.B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world.C) air pollution in Asia is very serious.D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passageA) The rising sea level.B) The conflicts around the world.C) The improved living standard.D) The unsustainable way energy is used.4. What does the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) meanA) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to.C) Deal with. D) Make use of.5. What can be inferred from the passageA) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future.B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production.C) Sustainable development is impossible.D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.Passage 7The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago.The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University.Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms,to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendations from employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request each institution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope.I. What can be concluded from the first paragraphA) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded.B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government.C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city.D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition.2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____A) its cross-fertilization B) its long historyC) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation.C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressedA) The dean of students of its graduate division.B) The president of the university.C) The concerning professor.D) Any teachers in the university5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of ChicagoA) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.Passage 8Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn’t t hat people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfiedwith their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. “It really points he need for consid ering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning toA) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by CarnegieA) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according to the passageA) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends.B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying.C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet.4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the researchA) We should not have developed the Internet technology.B) We should change the way we use the Internet.C) We need Internet technology very much.D) TV is more useful than the Internet.5. What is the best title for the passageA) The Popularity of Internet Use.B) The History of Internet Use.C) The Harm of Internet Use.D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.Passage 9The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to “infect”. In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a har d disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign”viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM’s main compu ter system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passageA) The overgrowth of computer.B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program.C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-ID) The weak management of the government.2. What is computer virus in factA) A kind of biological virus.B) A kind of evil program.C) A kind of biological worm.D) Something that only exists in the fictions.3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacksA) The time the attack is made.B) The presence of a particular file.C) The security privilege level of the user.D) The different ways the virus was programmed.4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passageA) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the computer.B) “Benign” virus might delete files.C) “Benign” virus m ight display a message.D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.5. Where does the term “computer virus” come fromA) It comes from a play.B ) It comes from a computer game.C) It comes from a science fiction.D) It comes from a news report.Passage 10Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth hasturned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald’s t o attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0’ Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “It’s becoming harder and harder for these firms to gro w,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry.A) the tough competitionB) a richer populationC) the saturation of marketD) the lower quality of fast food2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencinga hard timeA) Price-cutting by industry leaders.B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home foodC) The selling of KFC.D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passageA) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries.4. What can be inferred from the passageA) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s.C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food.D) Rich people like fast food more.5. What is the passage mainly concerned aboutA) The popularity of fast food.B) The disadvantage of fast food.C) The troubles of fast food.D) The advantages of fast food.。
外刊精读(八)：Barack Obama, Comedian in Chief
Barack Obama, Comedian in ChiefThe president’s unique approach to the White House Correspondents’Dinner will surely be missed.【生词】unique 独特的White House白宫Correspondents 通讯员【翻译】总统招待白宫记者晚宴的独特方式肯定会怀念。
No U.S. President has been a better comedian than Barack Obama. It’s really that simple.【生词】comedian 喜剧演员【翻译】没有一位美国总统像巴拉克•奥巴马一样更像一个喜剧演员。
就是那么简单。
Now that doesn’t mean that some modern-day presidents couldn’t tell a joke. John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton excelled at it. But Obama has transformed the way presidents use comedy-not just engaging in self-deprecation or playfully teasing his rivals, but turning his barbed wit on his opponents.【生词】excel at精通transform改变self-deprecation自嘲barbed讽刺的wit 智慧【分析】句子的主干是But Obama has transformed the way presidents use comedy。
破折号后面是补充成分，起到解释说明的作用。
【翻译】现在,这并不意味着一些现代总统不能讲笑话。
无人称动词
the action. The conjugated verb is always in the third person singular,
no matter what tense the impersonal verb takes.
Tex: Tiens, il pleut très fort!
Il vaut mieux, to be better, to be advisable
对话
Listen to the dialogue:
Tammy: Il est 18 h. Regardons le journal télévisé. Il y a un reportage
sur l'infidélité.
7. Tammy : A UT, ___________ environ 50 000 étudiants.
8. Bette : Tu as l'heure? Oh, non, _______ déjà 8 heures!
9. Tammy : Quand ________ au Colorado, je vais skier.
2. Edouard : Les escargots et les canards aiment l'eau. Ils aiment quand
_________.
3. Joe-Bob : _________ visiter l'Alamo une fois dans sa vie!
subjects. The infinitive of 'weather verbs' can only be conjugated in the
Clinton-Lewinsky scandal克林顿-莱温斯基性丑闻
Clinton-Lewinsky scandalThe Clinton-Lewinsky scandal dominated news headlines in the United States, with reverberations heard around the world, throughout the second term of President J. Clinton. The scandal centered on a consensual, sexual affair involving the president and a young White House intern named Monica Lewinsky. Facts about the affair were made public in the course of Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr’s far-reaching inquiry into what began as accusations of financial improprieties in the Whitewater land deal. Starr’s probe culminated in a vote on December 19, 1999, by the U.S. House of Representatives to approve two articles of impeachment against the president on charges that included perjury and obstruction of justice in connection with Clinto n’s efforts to suppress information about his relationship with Lewinsky. The events surrounding the revelation of the Clinton-Lewinsky affair elicited widespread concern about dwindling privacy protections for public figures and private citizens in the contemporary United States. Frequently likened to a form of “new McCarthyism,” the Starr probe in particular came to emblematize the pathologies of a society that no longer respects the right to privacy. The media was also widely condemned for what many considered to be excessive coverage of the details pertaining to a private affair.The origins of the scandal lie in two other legal imbroglios that dogged Clinton throughout his presidency:the investigation of the Whitewater land deal and the Paula Jones sex ual harassment lawsuit. In 1994, during Clinton’s first term in office, Attorney General Janet Reno appointed Robert Fiske, Jr., as independent counsel to investigate the financial dealings of the Whitewater property company. The president and his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, were accused of colluding with their friends and business partners, James and Susan McDougal, to reap profits, tax breaks, and financial favors from the deal. The Clintons denied any wrongdoing, emphasizing throughout the investigation that they had in fact lost money on the Whitewater venture.In August 1994,Fiske was replaced as special prosecutor by Kenneth Starr, awell-known conservative who had served as the solicitor general for the Justice Department under President George H. W. Bush. At about this time, a former Arkansas state employee named Paula Jones filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Clinton, charging that in 1991 he had ordered a pair of Arkansas state troopers to escort her to a hotel room where then-governor Clinton had made unwelcome sexual advances. Jones claimed that she filed her suit in an effort to salvage her reputation after conservative journalist David Brock had published an article naming Jones as a participant in one of Clinton’s many extramarital affa irs. Meanwhile, in July 1995, 22-year-old Monica Lewinsky joined the White House staff as an unpaid intern, and in November 1995 she took a paid position at the White House Office of Legislative Affairs. Two days later, a sexual relationship between the President and. Lewinsky began during the government furlough. According to later testimony, the affair continued intermittently for the next 18 months.In May 1996 the first Whitewater trial ended, and both of the McDougals were convicted of fraud. A month later, a Senate hearing on Whitewater ended inconclusively. Shortly thereafter, Starr announced that he would step down, but four days later he suddenly changed his mind and decided to continue his investigations. It soon became clear that Starr had shifted the focus of his investigation from a concern with financial affairs to an interest in intimate ones. Following on the heels of a story published in Newsweek magazine detailing the president’s alleged sexual advances toward White House staffer Kathleen Willey, Lewinsky was subpoenaed in December 1997 by lawyers for Paula Jones; in a sworn affidavit, Lewinsky denied having an affair with the president. Soon thereafter, Lewinsky confidante Linda Tripp turned over to Starr over 20 hours of taped telephone conversations with the unwitting Lewinsky that contained admissions of Lewinsky’s sexual relations with the president. In January 1998, Matt Drudge published Lewinsky’s name on his website, as well as a report that Newsweek had obtained the Tripp-Lewinsky tapes but had pulled a story about them under pressure from Starr, who feared it would jeopardize his investigation. On January 21, 1998, following a Washington Post report on his relationship with Lewinsky, Clinton told a television interviewer that “there i s noimproper relationship.” One week later, before an invited media audience at the White House, Clinton insisted, “I want you to listen to me. I did not have sex with that woman, Monica Lewinsky.”Several months later,Lewinsky’s lawyers struck an immuni ty deal with Starr, in which she agreed to provide “full and truthful testimony” in exchange for full immunity from prosecution. For the next 15 days, Lewinsky was questioned by the grand jury. Shortly thereafter, the president was asked to provide a blood sample for DNA testing to determine if it was a match with semen stains found on a blue dress Monica Lewinsky had kept in her closet following a sexual encounter with the president. Two weeks later, President Clinton admitted to the grand jury that he had had “inappropriate intimate contact” with Ms. Lewinsky, although he continued to hold that his earlier statements had been accurate, explaining at one point that his answer to the question about the nature of his relationship with Lewinsky “depends on wha t the meaning of ‘is’ is.”In September 1998, Starr submitted his report to Congress, and despite its graphic sexual content, the report was immediately posted on the congressional website, with particularly salacious portions reprinted in newspapers and on websites around the world. One month later, the House of Representatives voted to hold an impeachment inquiry. In November Clinton settled the Jones lawsuit for $850,000 without acknowledging guilt. In December, the House Judiciary Committee approved four articles of impeachment. The full House approved two of the articles, and Clinton became only the second sitting president in the history of the United States to be impeached. The Senate trial began in January 1999, and a month later the President was acquitted.The Clinton-Lewinsky scandal spawned widespread reconsideration of the meaning and extent of privacy rights in the contemporary United States.Throughout the ordeal, many suggested that the real scandal lay not in the fact that the president had h ad an extramarital affair, but rather in the invasion of the president’s privacy by the independent counsel’s office and the media. While scandals are nothing new in U.S. politics—nor is the tendency for presidents from Jefferson to Kennedy to strayfrom the terms of the marital oath—the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal set a new standard in terms of the public’s sense of its right to know personal details about public figures. In the wake of the scandal, no clear consensus emerged about who to blame for the breakdown of respect for the principle of privacy. Special Prosecutor Starr was frequently chastised in the media for his tactics, which included the subpoena of records of sale from a local Washington, D.C., the reliance on methods of intimidation in interrogating Lewinsky. Such seeming abuses of prosecutorial discretion led to calls for a repeal of the statute authorizing special prosecutors, as well as demands to curtail prosecutorial discretion in an investigation of sexual harassment charges.The media was charged with violating privacy as the scandal unfolded.The president’s affair with Lewinsky dominated headlines in the mainstream media for an extended period, leading to complaints that journalists had abdicated their responsibility to guard the public interest. The scandal also raised concerns about the growing influence of alternative and nontraditional media, including web-based news sites such as the Drudge Report and AM-frequency talk radio stations, which appeared to hold themselves to lower standards of verification and professional comportment when gathering and reporting the news than had been expected of more traditional news outlets.Throughout the scandal, the feminist movement was frequently identified as a cause of the breakdown of privacy norms in the United States, with second-wave feminism’s embrace of the motto “the personal is political” held culpable for the corrosion of the boundary between public and private. At the same time, many self-described feminists rose to Clinton’s defense, urg ing chastened members of the movement to rethink the meaning and limits of the imperative to politicize the personal, and to dedicate themselves to re-conceptualizing privacy rather than abandoning the ideal altogether.。
有关希拉里的生平(英文)
5. U.S. Secretary of State
Obama nominated Hillary Clinton as secretary of state.
e back for president
She has been mentioned as a potential candidate for the 2016 presidential election. However, she has not publicly discussed her possible interest in another bid for the White House.
In 1976, Hillary worked on Carter's successful campaign for president while husband Bill was elected Attorney General. Bill Clinton was elected governor in 1978 at age 32
Life in the college
She attended Wellesley College, where she was active in student politics and was elected senior class president before graduating in 1969. She then attended Yale Law School, where she met Bill Clinton.
4.Running for the Presidency
In early 2007, she announced her plans to strive for another first—to be the first female president. During the 2008 Democratic primaries, Senator Clinton conceded her nomination when it became apparent that nominee Barack Obama held a majority of the delegate vote.
英语四级高频词汇16
offer['ɔːfər]n. 提供; 出价, 报价; 提供物; vi. 提议; 求婚; vt. 提供; 提议; 生活用法university offer 入学通知offer letter 录用通知job offer 工作机会邀请special offer 特价销售accept an offer 接受邀请refuse/decline an offer 拒绝邀请make an offer 出价I've made an offer on a house in Pine Banks.我已出价购买市中心的一所房子。
常见考点常用搭配：make an offer 要价，出价offer to do 提出要做...offer既是动词也是名词：My father offered to take us to the airport. ( v.)我父亲提出送我们去机场。
You can't just turn down offers of work like that. ( n.)你不能就像这样拒绝工作机会。
campus*ˈkæmpəs]n.校园，学校场地生活用法off campus/live off campus 不在学校on campus/live on campus 在学校a big man on campus 学校的知名人物常见考点campus作名词的地点考查ball[bɔl]n.球；舞会生活用法ball room 舞厅ball嗨运动鞋（粤语）a kick in the balls <俗语>严重的影响，失败ball 蛋蛋；离开Let's ball.我们走吧。
student*ˈstud(ə)nt]n.学生；学者，大学生生活用法full-time/part-time student 全职／兼职学生primary school/middle/high school student 小学生／中学生／高中生law/philosophy/medical student 学法律／哲学／医学的学生student union 学生会straight-A student 全A学生常见考点student作为名词来考查Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. 学生们对于偷盗的抱怨越来越多了。
戈德华特守则
戈德华特守则摘要：1.戈德华特守则的定义和背景2.戈德华特守则的内容和规定3.戈德华特守则的作用和影响4.戈德华特守则的争议和挑战5.结论正文：一、戈德华特守则的定义和背景戈德华特守则（Goldwater Rule）是美国精神医学学会职业道德守则第7 条第3 款的通称。
这一条款规定精神科医生只有在亲自诊断患者后才能得出诊断结果。
戈德华特守则的命名来源于美国参议员巴里·戈德华特，他是一位共和党成员，曾在1964 年竞选美国总统。
二、戈德华特守则的内容和规定戈德华特守则的核心内容是：精神科医生应该遵守职业道德，尊重患者的隐私权和自主权，不得在没有亲自诊断患者的情况下做出诊断结论。
这一规定意在保护患者在精神健康方面的权益，确保诊断的准确性和公正性。
三、戈德华特守则的作用和影响戈德华特守则在精神卫生领域具有重要作用，它规范了精神科医生的诊断行为，保障了患者的权益。
在诊断过程中，医生需遵循这一守则，确保诊断结果的真实性和客观性。
戈德华特守则对精神卫生领域的发展产生了积极影响，为医生和患者提供了一个公平、公正、透明的诊断环境。
四、戈德华特守则的争议和挑战尽管戈德华特守则在精神卫生领域具有积极作用，但它也面临着一些争议和挑战。
例如，在莱文斯基丑闻（Lewinsky scandal）中，戈德华特守则受到了质疑，有人认为该守则限制了精神科医生对公众人物的精神健康问题进行评论。
然而，美国精神医学学会依然坚定地支持戈德华特守则，认为它是保护患者权益的重要措施。
五、结论戈德华特守则是美国精神医学学会职业道德守则中的一项重要规定，它对精神科医生的诊断行为进行了规范，确保了诊断结果的真实性和客观性。
2010大学英语六级考试(CET6)预测试卷(2)-中大网校
2010大学英语六级考试(CET6)预测试卷(2)总分：65分及格：39分考试时间：140分Part I Writing(1)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled "Grades and Abili-ty". You should write at least 150 words.following the outline given below:1．有些人认为分数体现能力。
2．有些人则认为分数不一定体现能力。
3．我对此问题的看法。
Part II Reading Comprehension快速阅读 单选题(1)根据下列材料，回答{TSE}题。
(2)According to the passage, among those Americans who believe the country's value are strong,, and plan to vote for a Democratic Candidate for Congress is __________percent.(3)According to the passage, for many Americans, no matter in media, or everywhere, they can find(4)According to the passage, percent of respondents say -Clinton have hardly any or none of their values.(5)According to the passage, percent of Americans think that as long as the president does a good job governing the country, his private life does not matter.(6)According to the passage, people who are against Mr. Clinton's scandal describe what worries them most about the country's values as specified declining(7)According to the passage, in Richard Easton's short list of examples that illustrate America's moral decline, politics is between__________ eroding.快速阅读填空题(1)根据下列材料，回答{TSE}题。
希拉里-政治生涯-简介分析
I announced the official candidate, and I would eventually win the general election.
On March 26, 2008, Hillary tried to attract young voters. Her daughter Chelsea went to help.
Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016
On April 12, 2015, Clinton formally announced her candidacy for the presidency in the 2016 election.She had a campaign-inwaiting already in place, including a large donor network, experienced operatives, and the Ready for Hillary and Priorities USA Action political action committees, and other infrastructure.
挑战
年龄偏大 形象被指脱离中产 争议事件频出 早成共和党众矢之的
希拉里虽有显赫“政治光环”，但在长期从政生涯 中也不可避免地积攒了一些“负资产”：2012年美 国驻班加西领事馆遭袭导致美国大使等4名外交官身 亡，希拉里被指负有不可推卸的责任；克林顿基金会 被曝在希拉里任职国务卿期间接受外国捐款，总额达 数百万美元；希拉里在担任国务卿期间违规使用个人 邮箱处理公共事务，被指可能触犯联邦法律。一些媒 体民调显示，邮件门已经使得希拉里的支持率明显下 滑。
大学英语阅读三级Passage
The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 per cent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune.The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’ s general disposition.Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wise man, who led the research.The pattern of the results, with those born in spring and summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said.1. According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky not depends on the following factors EXCEPT ______A) one’s objective success B) one’s general dispositionC) one’s attitude to life D) one’s place of birth2. According to the passage, those who were born in _______ regard themselves as the most fortunate.A) March B) April C) May D) October3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Optimistic people tend to be luckier.B) Devoted people tend to be luckier.C) Objective success is more important than one’s general disposition in feeling lucky.D) People drinking more water tend to be luckier.4. Which of the following words can best replace the word “trait”(Line 8, Para.2)?A) quality. B) expectation. C) belief. D) idea.is the best title for the passage?A) Luck is Something Born.B) Luck is Not All Down to Chance.C) Luck is A Matter of Blind Chance.D) Luck and Age.Passage 2Researchers say most of us make instant judgement about a person on the basis of how they look. They say facial features can determine whether we like or trust someone. It may even influence how we vote.“Over the years, we have found that facial features affect the way many of us perceive others,” says Elisabeth Cornwell, a psychology researcher at the university’s Perception Laboratory. Studies suggest that people are less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features, such as a square jaw, small eyes or big nose. “They are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy,” says Ms Cornwell. “It doesn’t mean that men who look more masculine are less trustworthy—It’s just our first impressions. “ Those with less masculine features—larger eyes, a smaller nose and thinner lips—are deemed to be more trustworthy. “We are very good at processing these features quickly,” says Ms Cornwell.The researchers are putting their science to the test at the Royal society’s annual summer exhibition in London. They have subtly manipulated the faces of Prime Minister Tony Blair, Conservative leader Michael Howard and Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy accentuating their dominant and trustworthy features respectively. “We have u sed a computer programme to change the shape of their face and features. We hope it will help people to understand our work.” So should we expect to see Tony Blair, Michael Howard and Charles Kennedy at the exhibition getting tips? “I don’t think it’s something they will want to try,” says Ms Cornwell. “It’s not really possible with television. We all know what they look like. I think they would be naive to try it.”1. Why are people less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features?A) Because they are bad-tempered.B) Because they are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy.C) Because they are perceived as tricky.D) Because they are more stubborn.2. According to the passage, which of the following is perceived as a g masculine feature?A) Larger eyes. B) A square jaw.C) A smaller nose. D) Thinner lips.3. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Most of us tend to judge people by how they look.B) Some studies show that people with particular masculine features are more dominant.C) A candidate with less masculine features is more likely to win a vote.D) Most of us are with masculine features.4. Why will Tony Blair not want to change his facial features according to the passage?A) Because he is so popular that everyone knows what he looks like.B) Because he does not want to get tips.C) Because he has great confidence in his looks.D) Because he is very naive.5.. What is the best title for the passage?A) Facial Features.B) How People Perceive Others.C) Facial Features Are Everything.D) How Facial Features Affect One’s First Impression.Passage 3British university entrants expect to be provided with washing machines and dryers in their rooms, and even car parking spaces, a survey has found. Students are also less prepared to tolerate poor quality living conditions than their predecessors, says the survey by British polling organization Mori.More than 1,000 full-time undergraduates and postgraduates from 21 universities across the UK were surveyed for the research. It shows that location is the key factor in choosing accommodation for students—nearly half of those interviewed said that being close to their place of study was the most important factor in their choice. Cost came second, with evidence that many parents foot the bills for their children’s rent. The survey also shows that students are no longer prepared to carry bags of washing to the nearest launderette. These newcomers expect washers and dryers to be provided with their accommodation. The study also highlights those things today’s students expect as standard—communal areas to be cleaned regularly, utility bills to be included, even private car parking space to be included.Separate findings from the UK’s National Union of Students published earlier this year show more than half of students in private rented accommodation are living in unsatisfactory conditions.1. Who are the subjects of the survey?A) Some oversea students in U. K.B) Some undergraduates and postgraduates in U. K. universities.C) Some graduates in U. K. universities.D) Some British students in other countries.2. What kind of accommodation is the most attractive to students according to the survey by British polling organization Mori?A) An apartment near their universities.B) A cheap house far way from their universities.C) An apartment with car parking space.D) An apartment with washing machines.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The survey described in the passage is conducted by UK ‘ s National Union ofStudents.B) Most of the subjects are from universities in London.C) Most college students pay the rent by themselves.D) Students think that communal areas should be cleaned regularly by cleaners rather than themselves.4. According to the passage, the choice of accommodation is influenced by the following factors EXCEPT ______.A) convenience B) comfortC) low rents D) weather5. What does the survey indicate?A) U. K. university students are increasingly satisfied with their living conditions.B) U. K. university students are less and less energetic.C) U. K. university students demand higher qualities of their living conditions.D) U. K. university students pay less and less attention to their studies. Passage 4The former first lady and now New York Senator, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has written a book about her eight years in the White House. It is being released with a great deal of public fanfare. The book reveals details about the notorious Monica Lewinsky scandal involving her husband, President Clinton.In Living History, the wife of former President Clinton recounts the moment when Mr. Clinton informed her that he had, fact, had what he called “a relationship that was not appropriate” with Miss Lewinsky, then a White House intern. She writes, “I’ could hardly breathe. Gulping for air, I started crying and yelling at him. What do you mean? What are you saying? Why did you lie to me? I was furious and getting more so by the second. He just stood th ere saying over and over again, I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. I was trying to protect you and Chelsea, referring to their daughter.”Mrs. Clinton says she hopes that people will read the book for more than intimate details of her troubled marriage. “It’ s a pretty long book, and it’s about my life, and it’s about all of the issues that I’ve worked on, particularly on behalf of women and children, and things that I’ ye cared about literally since I was a little girl,” she said. “I think it will give people more insight and, perhaps, answer questions. It’s also my story.”Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Senator Clinton $ 8 million for the 560-page book, and has ordered an unusually large first printing of one-million copies. Publishing rights to the book already have been sold in 16 countries.1. What appeals to the readers most in the book Living History according to the passage?A) Hilary’s eight years in the White House.B) Hilary’s troubled marriage.C) The issues that Hilary have worked on.D) Hilary’s life as a senator.2. The word “notorious” (Line 4, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to______.A) well-known B) unheard-ofC) surprising D) amusing3. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s reaction when Mr. Clinton told her his inappropriate relationship with Miss Lewinsky?A) Indifferent. B) Calm.C) Angry. D) Astonished.4. What is Hilary’s comment on her own book?A) It is more than interesting.B) It can meet the need of people to know about other’ s intim acy.C) It is an academic bookD) The language of the book is beautiful.5. What CANNOT be inferred from the passage?A) Living History is expected to sell well.B) Living History will be published beyond America.C) Mrs. Clinton is well paid for the book Living History.D) Mr. Clinton is a responsible husband.passage 5The human form of mad cow disease, an incurable, brain-wasting illness that’s killed more than 100 people in Britain, has claimed its first Canadian victim. Canadian health officials confirmed Thursday that the unidentified man died sometime this summer. The man, who lived in the western province of Saskatchewan, contracted the disease from eating contaminated meat while traveling in Britain.Dr. Antonio Giulivi, an official with the government agency Health Canada, quickly moved to calm fears by assuring the public the disease had not entered the Canadian food supply.The variant of the cow-killing illness, known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is believed to be caused when ground parts of diseased cattle are mixed into cattle feed and those cows are turned into processed meats for human consumption. Though the disease cannot be confirmed until an autopsy is performed on the dead brain, symptoms of human infection include uncontrolled shaking, dementia and finally paralysis.But while government officials insisted safeguards are in place to keep the disease out of Canadian meat, warnings were issued to 71 patients at the hospital where the infected man was treated before his illness was identified. Those patients had been treated with the same medical instruments used on the diseased man. Though the instruments were cleaned and disinfected, officials said a theoretical possibility remains that those people could have been infected.News of the death initially sent Canadian restaurant stocks into a tailspin, but most of them recovered by the end of the trading session.1. Where is the Canadian supposed to contact mad cow disease?A) In Saskatchewan. B) In Britain.C) In Canada. D) Not mentioned.2. Which part of the body does the mad cow disease mainly affect?A) Hands. B) Legs.C) Brain. D) Liver.3. Why did the Canadian government issue warnings to 71 patients?A) They ever used the same medical instruments with the first Canadian victim.B) They were intimate relatives of the first Canadian victim.C) They had ever traveled to Britain.D) They were supposed to have contacted mad cow disease.4. What did Health Canada do after the mad cow disease infected a Canadian?A) Health Canada concealed the truth by all means.B) Health Canada tried to remove public fear.C) Health Canada succeeded in curing the victim.D) Health Canada tried to find ways to cure the disease.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) The news of the mad cow disease death has no effect on Canadian economy.B) We can decide whether a person contract mad cow disease by the symptoms of uncontrolled shaking, dementia and paralysis.C) Some cows in Canada contracted mad cow disease.D) The mad cow disease is not completely known to the scientists yet.Passage 6A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth’s natural resources, in advance of this month’ s U. N. -sponsored sustainable development summit in Johannesburg.The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world’s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. . Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report is that the world’s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you have to address energy. You can’t reduce poverty unless you also address land and water. You can’t improve children’s health without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health.1. When is the . report mentioned in the passage released?A) At the sustainable development summit.B) Before the Earth Summit.C) After the sustainable development summit.D) Last year.2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______A) environmental protection needs cooperation.B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world.C) air pollution in Asia is very serious.D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passage?A) The rising sea level.B) The conflicts around the world.C) The improved living standard.D) The unsustainable way energy is used.4. What doe s the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) mean?A) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to.C) Deal with. D) Make use of.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future.B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production.C) Sustainable development is impossible.D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.Passage 7The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago.The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University.Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms, to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendationsfrom employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request each institution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope.I. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?A) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded.B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government.C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city.D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition.2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____A) its cross-fertilization B) its long historyC) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation.C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressed?A) The dean of students of its graduate division.B) The president of the university.C) The concerning professor.D) Any teachers in the university5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of Chicago?A) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.Passage 8Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless“virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. “It really po ints he need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning toA) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by Carnegie?A) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according to the passage?A) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends.B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying.C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet.4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the research?A) We should not have developed the Internet technology.B) We should change the way we use the Internet.C) We need Internet technology very much.D) TV is more useful than the Internet.5. What is the best title for the passage?A) The Popularity of Internet Use.B) The History of Internet Use.C) The Harm of Internet Use.D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.Passage 9The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biolo gical virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to“infect”. In this way, the virus can spre ad quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign”viruses might simply display a message, like the one tha t infected IBM’s main computer system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passage?A) The overgrowth of computer.B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program.C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-ID) The weak management of the government.2. What is computer virus in fact?A) A kind of biological virus.B) A kind of evil program.C) A kind of biological worm.D) Something that only exists in the fictions.3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacks?A) The time the attack is made.B) The presence of a particular file.C) The security privilege level of the user.D) The different ways the virus was programmed.4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passage?A) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the computer.B) “Benign” virus might de lete files.C) “Benign” virus might display a message.D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.5. Where does the term “computer virus” come from?A) It comes from a play.B ) It comes from a computer game.C) It comes from a science fiction.D) It comes from a news report.Passage 10Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say.Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald’s to attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0’ Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “It’s becoming harder a nd harder for these firms to grow,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry.A) the tough competitionB) a richer populationC) the saturation of marketD) the lower quality of fast food2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencinga hard time?A) Price-cutting by industry leaders.B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home foodC) The selling of KFC.D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passage?A) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s.C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food.D) Rich people like fast food more.5. What is the passage mainly concerned about?A) The popularity of fast food.B) The disadvantage of fast food.C) The troubles of fast food.D) The advantages of fast food.。
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton
United States Senator
When New York's long-serving United States Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement in November 1998, several prominent Democratic figures, including Representative Charles B. Rangel of New York, urged Clinton to run for Moynihan's open seat in the Senate election of 2000. She became the first first lady of the United States to be a candidate for elected office.
Response to Lewinsky scandal
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In 1998, the Clintons' relationship became the subject of much speculation when investigations revealed that the President had had an extramarital affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Events surrounding the Lewinsky scandal eventually led to the impeachment of Bill Clinton by the House of Representatives. When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that they were the result of a "vast right-wing conspiracy", rather than any wrongdoing by her husband.After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage, but privately was reported to be furious at him and was unsure if she wanted to stay in the marriage.The White House residence staff noticed a pronounced level of tension between the couple during this period.
英语介绍希拉里
tips(1/2)
I were the first lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 while her husband served as president.
tips(2/2)
I am the third female secretary of State in the U.S.
turned down his offer, Obama
persisted and she eventually agreed to take on the role.
奥巴马上任后提出让希拉里担任美国最高外交官，这一决定震惊了希拉里本人和全世界。虽然希拉里最初拒绝了奥巴马的提议，但奥巴马坚持要她出任，最 终她同意了。
By:XuJiali 第一 PPT， At:2015/6/12
Байду номын сангаас
She entered the Democratic primary as the overwhelming favorite
but went down to a shock defeat at the
hands of Barack Obama, then a youthful Illinois senator, in the Iowa caucuses.
In April 12, 2015, Hilary officially announced
to participate in the 2016 presidential election.
You can be anything you want to be
Thanks for your time
Colorful life
莱温斯基自传 英文版
莱温斯基自传英文版Monica Lewinsky's MemoirIn the late 1990s, the world was captivated by a scandal that rocked the highest levels of the American government. At the center of this storm was a young woman named Monica Lewinsky, whose intimate relationship with then-President Bill Clinton thrust her into the glaring spotlight of public scrutiny. Now, decades later, Lewinsky has decided to tell her side of the story, offering a raw and unflinching account of her life and the events that forever changed it.Born in 1973 in San Francisco, California, Lewinsky grew up in a middle-class family, the only child of Bernard Lewinsky, a prominent oncologist, and Marcia Kaye Vilensky, a writer and social activist. From a young age, Lewinsky was described as bright, curious, and socially adept, traits that would later serve her both well and poorly in the tumultuous years to come.As a teenager, Lewinsky attended Bel Air Prep, a prestigious private school in Los Angeles, where she excelled academically and developed a keen interest in politics and public affairs. It was during this time that she first became aware of the power and influencewielded by those in positions of authority, a realization that would ultimately shape the course of her life.After graduating from high school, Lewinsky enrolled at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, where she continued to excel in her studies. However, it was during her internship at the White House in 1995 that her life took an unexpected turn. It was there, in the halls of power, that she first encountered the man who would become the central figure in her life – President Bill Clinton.Lewinsky's initial interactions with the president were professional and unremarkable, but as time passed, a connection began to form between the two. Drawn to the charisma and authority of the most powerful man in the world, Lewinsky found herself irresistibly drawn into a relationship that would ultimately prove to be her undoing.The details of the affair that ensued are well-documented and need not be repeated here. Suffice it to say that the relationship between Lewinsky and Clinton was complex, emotionally charged, and fraught with the inherent power imbalance that existed between them. As the scandal unfolded and the media frenzy intensified, Lewinsky found herself at the center of a political and personal maelstrom that threatened to consume her.In the aftermath of the scandal, Lewinsky faced intense publicscrutiny and criticism, her name and reputation forever tarnished by the events that had transpired. She was vilified by the media, condemned by the public, and abandoned by many of those who had once been her friends and allies. It was a devastating experience that left deep scars and forever changed the trajectory of her life.Despite the immense challenges she faced, Lewinsky refused to be broken. She embarked on a journey of self-discovery and healing, determined to reclaim her life and her identity. In the years that followed, she has emerged as a powerful advocate for mental health and a vocal critic of the ways in which the media and society treat women who find themselves in the public eye.In this memoir, Lewinsky lays bare the raw emotions and personal struggles that have defined her life since that fateful encounter in the White House. With unflinching honesty and a remarkable depth of insight, she reflects on the lessons she has learned, the mistakes she has made, and the resilience she has cultivated in the face of unimaginable adversity.Through her story, Lewinsky offers a powerful commentary on the complexities of power, the double standards that exist for women in positions of influence, and the enduring impact of public shaming and humiliation. Her memoir is a testament to the strength of the human spirit and a reminder that even in the darkest of times,redemption and healing are possible.As Lewinsky's story unfolds, readers will be drawn into a world of political intrigue, personal turmoil, and the relentless pursuit of truth and justice. Her memoir is a powerful and thought-provoking exploration of the human experience, a testament to the resilience of the human spirit, and a call for a more compassionate and equitable society.。
2021年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试卷D类真题
National English Contest for College students(Level D-Preliminary)Part 1 Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section，you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. After each conversation，there will be a pause. During the pause，reading the question and the three choices marked A，B and C，and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the sheet with a single line through the centre.1.How will the price be determined?A. By calling the company.B. By asking the salesman.C. By looking at the price list.2. Where most probably are the two speakers?A. A t a bus stop.B. On a train.C. In a car.3. What are the two speakers talking about?A. What to have for lunch.B. Whether or not to eat out.C. How to get to the conference.4. Who is the man talking to?A. A baker’s deliver service.B. An office supply store salesperson.C. A book designer.5. What is Bart concerned about?A. Finishing the report on time.B. Meeting the chairman of the boardC. Convincing Judith to help himSection B (10 marks)In this section，you will hear two conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. After each conversation，there will be a once-minute pause. During the pause，read the five questions，each with the there choices marked A，B and C，and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the cirr1esponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. Conversation 16. Why dose Ruth call Jackie.A. To invite him to a party.B. To ask him to buy some food.C. To ask him to send some invitations.7. What do you know about Ben’s new job?A. It is in London.B. His is going to work for a magazineC. His is going to become a teacher8. Where are they going to have the party?A. In a flatB. In a restaurantC. In a public hall9. What is being prepared for the party?A. A danceB. A film showC. Some French food10. When will Jackie meet Ruth?A. At nine o’clockB. At a quarter to nineC. At ten o’clockConversation 211. What are they talking about?A. Tony’s daily scheduleB. Tony;s school lifeC. tony;s job.12. Where dose the man work now?A. At a bank.B. In a hospital.C. At a school.13. When did the man get up when he is a student?A. At 5:30.B. At8:30.C. At lunchtime.14. What dose the man have to wear to work?A. JeansB. A suitC. A T-Shirt.15. What is one advantages of the man’s job?A. He can use the internet.B. He has long holidays.C. He is paid a good salary. Section C (5 Marks)In this section you will hear a monologue. The monologue will be read twice. After the monologue，there will be a pause. During the pause，read the five questions，each with three choices marked A，B and C，and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.16. Where did the thief steal the cars from?A. GardensB. Showrooms.C. Garages17. What was the thief’s job?A. A salesman.B. A doctor.C. A cleaner18. What did the thief do with the cars that he stole?A. He cleaned them，and then left them at the side of the road.B. He painted them and then kept them.C. He sold them to other people.19. What’s the punishment for the thief’s behavior?A. A long jail sentence.B. Cleaning all the cars that he stole.C. A fine of f4000.20. How long was the thief’s marriage to Mary?A. 36 years.B. 13 years.C. 48 years.Section D (10 marks)In this section，there is a short passage which will be read twice. Listen to the passage carefully，and then fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you hear on the tape. Remember to write down the answers on the answer sheet.In Britain，there are two occasions each year when people usually receive presents：on Christmas day and on their birthdays. In the past，the 21st birthday was (21) _____because it symbolized becoming an adult. People (22) ______received a silver key on that day to symbolize opening the door to the adult world. Today，people in Britain legally become adults at the age of (23) _____so they often have the biggest celebration on that birthday.The customer of giving gifts on 25 December only (24) _____ Victorian times. Before that it was more common for people in Britain to (25)_____presents on New Year’s eve or Twelfth Night. These days ,on Christmas Eve parents put presents for young children in ‘stocking’andhang them on the end of their presents. Gifts for older children believe that Santa Claus came during the night and (26) _____ them their presents. Gifts for older children and grown-up are (27) _____the Christmas tree on Christmas Eve. Then，on Christmas morning，everyone sits around the tree and opens their presents.Easter and Mother’s Day are also important days. Young children usually receive (28) _____at Easter and most people often give presents to their mothers on Mother’s Day. People also receive gifts on important occasions in their lives. For example，all the guests (29) _____usually bring a gift for the bride and groom. And these days，students sometimes get presents from their parents if they (30) _____their exams!Part 5 V ocabulary and Structure (15)There are 15 incomplete sentences. For each blank，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31. It goes without ____that you’ll be paid for all this extra time you’re spending on the project.A. sayingB. tellingC. talkingD. speaking32. We ____the money to your money market account within three working days.A. have been transferredB. will transferC. transferringD. will be transferred33. The colorful illustrations included in the new edition if the book make it ____attractive.A. much moreB. most of allC. the moreD. that most34. The crew worked so hard that they finished eh entire project three days ____ of schedule.A. forwardB. aheadC. soonD. advanced35. Her Olympic experience gave her a bid ____ over the other contestants.A. with whichB. to thatC. withD. to which36. It is useful to be able to predict the extent ____ a price change will affect supply and demands.A. learn aboutB. worthwhileC. valuableD. valuing37. The old lady became worried when she didn’t ____- her son for a whole month.A. learn aboutB. hear ofC. hear fromD. learn from38. He decided it wasn’t _____ reading the report as he’d been informed of all the changes already.A. worthyB. worthwhileC. valuableD. valuing39. They have taken measures to solve the city’s pollution problem，but it may be some time___ the situation improves.A. give inB. bloomingC. bloomD. bloomed40. Large companies sometimes try to ____smaller companies by buying a majority of the shares.A. give inB. suggestedC. persuadedD. implied41. Using recent developments in science and technology，man can make various flowers ____before their time.A. give inB. get upC. look afterD. take over41. Using recent developments in science and technology，man can make various flowers _____before their time.A. insistedB. suggestedC. persuadedD. implied42. Our neighbours have ______us to buy the same kind of carpeting that they have.A. insistedB. suggestedC. persuadedD. implied43. –excuse me,______?Yes. That’s one glass of white wine，one mineral water and one sandwich. Ten pounds，please.Thanks，is service includes?No.Ok ，here you are.A. can we have the bill，pleaseB. what would you like to have.C. do you have any hamburgersD. could you please get me some water44. Reception ，how may I help you?There isn’t soap in the bathroom!______，sir.Thanks you. Can I have some shower gel，and some shaving cream，too，please?Sorry. We don’t provide shaving cream，but there’s some shower gel in the bathroom cabinet.A. You can buy some in the shop.B. I’ll send some to your room right awayC. I’m really sorry to hear thatD. That’s impossible. There must be some.45. Hello. I’d like to speak to Julie，please.I’m afraid she isn’t here right now. _____?Yes. This is her friend M ark. I’m calling to ask her if she’d like to see a movie tomorrow night.Okay. I’ll give her the message.Thanks.A.would you like to hold on?B.Do you know when she will be backC.Would you like to see a movie tonightD.Can I take a message.Part 3 close(15 marks)Read the passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose he word in one of the following three ways：according to the context，by using the correct form if the given word，or by using the given letter of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.This is Matt Drudge，millionaire founder and owner of the Drudge Report，the first and most successful online ‘newspaper’. People have called Drudge the ultimate blogger but he doesn’t accept this (46)______(describe). He considers the Drudge Report to be a proper newspaper，very different (47 _______the thousands of weblogs which have sprung up on the internet.Drudge’s fascination for news and gossip stems form a childhood job (48) d_____ papers for The Washington Star，which gave him plenty of time and o_____ to catch up with the latest news.Drudge was (50)______(interest) in school work or sport. However，he developed an obsession (51) ____ rumors and political gossip. At school his only good marks for (52) c____ affairs. Following a series of dead-end jobs Drudge ended up in los angels in the 1990s，just in (53) ____ for the beginning of what was to become the internet.The World Wide Web was a fertile hunting (54) g_____ for Drudge. He spend hours sifting through the newsgroups and websites that then existed，searching (55) _____ rumors and inside stories from the political and entertainment worlds. He launched the Drudge Report website in 1995，(56) ______ has become a daily ‘rumor bulletin’ expressing his version of the latest and juiciest gossip from Hollywood and Washington. Always managing to be the first with (57) ____ (break) news，Drudge’s success was assured when he became the first person to publicise the Monica Lewinsky scandal in 1998.Now with an income of over a million dollars a year and many thousands of (58) _____(subscribe)，the Drudge Report has become a ‘must see’ resource for those hungry for the latest news and gossip. Will the ever-increasing availability of news on the internet mean the (59) e____ for its older rival，the conventional newspaper?Drudge doesn’t think so. He thinks the two working (60) t______.Part 5 reading comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions according to the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (10 marks)On the evening of his 18th birthday，a teenager from a tiny village in northern Germany clicked ‘send’ on his computers in hospitals and blanks in Hong Kong，china had crashed，and trains in Australia and the USA and stopped.In court a few months later，the teenager，Sven Jaschan，was charged with criminal damage. He was found guilty of putting the terrible ‘Sasser’ computer virus on the internet and received a 21-month suspended sentence. He avoided prison because he was only eighteen when he committed the crime. The virus infected millions of computer systems across the world，and caused millions of dollars damage.Sven admitted his guilt to the detectives who came to his home. He had spent an enormous amount of time creating the Sasser virus on the computer in his bedroom. He often spent ten hours a day in front of his computer but his parents hadn’t known what he was doing at the time.When he released the virus on the internet，he didn’t realize it would cause so much damage.He was just delighted that in had worked. ‘I felt as if I had written a first-class essay’，said Sven. ‘I told my classmates- they thought it was terrific.’ But his feelings changed very quickly. He wasterrified when se saw a TV news report about the virus and damage it had caused.Detectives arrested Sven after one of his classmates contacted Microsoft and told them about him. Microsoft had offered a $250,000 reward for information about the virus. However，Sven’s teachers at school were astonished that Sven had created the virus. They said that he wasn’t a brilliant computer student. ‘there are others in the class who are better than him,’ one teacher said!While he was waiting for his waiting for his trial to start，Sven left school and started work. He now works for a computer company，making ‘firewalls’– vital pieces of software that protect computers from viruses!Questions 61-62：read the questions and the four choices marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best choice according to the passage.61. What was Sven Jaschan’s crime?A. He stole a lot of computers.B. He created a computer virus.C. He created a computer virus.D. He robbed a big bank.62. Why wasn’t Sven sent to prison?A. Because he was too young.B. Because he wasn’t found guilty.C. Because he admitted his guilty to detectives.D. Because he worked for a big company.Question 63-65：read the passage，and then complete the following statements in no more than four words for each blanks.63. When Sven released the virus on the internet，he was at first _____，then frightened.64. The police caught Sven using information given to Microsoft by____.65. In the last paragraph，the word meaning ‘very important’ is ____.Section B (10 MARKS) Esquire1 year，12 issuesPrice：$ 7.97Esquire is lifestyle magazine aimed at professional men. The goal of the editors is to provide a broad scope of information of interest to this magazine，including business，health，fitness，fashion，sports，entertainment，family life and arts.Boy’s life1 years，10 issuesPrice：$ 23.00Boy’s life is to entertain and educate all boys and to open their eyes to joyous world of reading. It includes a mix of new，nature，sports，history，fiction，science，entertainment，and comics. For boys aged 7 to 14.Nick1 year，12 issuesPrice：$ 24.00Nick is filled with wonderful entertainment for children，aged 6 to 14. it is wholesome，imaginative and truly from a child’s point of view. Nick sees the world from your child’s perspective. Share the award-winning entertainment and humor magazine from NIck with your kids.Seventeen1 year，12 issuesPrice：$ 12.00Seventeen is the world’s most popular magazine for today’s teenage girls！In every issue you’ll get the latest scoop on style，friends，guys，college，careers，the stars and love，as well as hot tips on beauty，fashion，fitness，entertainments and relationships. Each issue of seventeen has exciting features，including fiction，quizzes，music，videos，trends and so much more. And don’t forget the really cool articles，such as the ever-favorite Trauma-Rama. If it’s important to today’s young women，it’s in Seventeen.Questions 66-69：Answer the following questions according to the passage.66. Which magazine is the cheapest according to the advertisements?67. How old are the boys that Boys’ Life aims at?68. If you need to choose a magazine from the above listed for a 7-year-old girl，how much do youNeed to pay a year?69. Who may be the most interested in Seventeen?Questions70:Read the question and the four choices marked A，B，C，and D，and decide which is the best choice according to the passage.70. What information is contained in all the four magazines?A. Career.B. Entertainment.C. College.D. Business.Section C(10 marks)Many doctors know the story of ‘Mr Wright’. In 1957 he was diagnosed with cancer，and given only days to live. He heard tumors the size of oranges. He heard that scientists had discovered a new medication，Kerbionzen，which was effective against cancer，and he begged his doctor to give him the drug. His physician，Dr Philip West，finally agreed. Mr Wright was given an injection on a Friday afternoon，the astonished doctor found his pat ients out of his ‘death bed’，jo king with the nurses the following Monday. ‘The tumurs,’ the doctor wrote later，‘had melted like snow balls on a hot stove.’ Actually，Mr Wright had not been given a drug，just a mix of salt and water.This story has been ignored by doctors for a long time，dismissed as one of those strange tales that medicine cannot explain. The idea that what a patient believes can make a fatal disease go away is regarded as just too strange However，no scientists are discovering that placebo effect is more powerful than anyone had ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such miraculous results are achieved. (74) Through new techniques in brain imagery，it has been shown that a thought，a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the body.Placebos are ‘lies that heal’，said Dr Anne Harrington，a science historian at Havard University. ‘The word placebo is Laitin for “I shall please” or “I shall make you happy” and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to anxious patients to please them,’ she said. ‘It looks like medication，but has no healing ingredients whatever.’ Nowadays，doctors have much more deffective medicines to fight disease，but these treatments have not diminished the power of the placebo –quite the opposite. (75)Maybe when scientists fully understand how they work，the powerful healing effects of the human maind will be used more systematically.Questions 71-73:Read the passage，and then say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).71.Wr Wright was given a new cancer medication which contained healing ingredienes.72.After Dr Philip West gave Mr Wright the injection，Mr Wright got better.73.Scientists are discovering that placebos don’t have any effect at all.Questions 74-75：Translate the underlined sentences 74 and 75.Section D (10 marks)Robots are useful inexploring space because they can work in the conditions which exist in space. Such robots usually look like boxes with wheels. Though these robots are useful，however，they are extremely expensive-they break easily and they are cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems，scientists have been working on a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots will look and move like snakes，so they have been given th e name ‘snakebots’.The way a snake is shaped allows it to do special things，such as getting into very small spaces，like cracks in rocks. Snakes can also push themselves underground，and climb up different kinds of objects，like rocks and trees. Such abilities account for the usefulness of robots designed like snakes，because they will be able to do these things，too. Such robots would be much more effective than regular robots with wheels. Wheeled robots easily get stuck and fall over，but snakebots would not have these problems. They could go almost anywhere and so would be useful for exploringth different environments of other planets. Since they can carry tools，snakebots would be able to work in space，as well. They could，for example，help repair the Internetion Space Station.How do you make a robot shaped like a snake?A snakebot is put together like a chain，made of about thirty parts，or modules. Each module is basically the same-they all containa computer and a wheel to aid movement. The computer in the ‘head’of the snake makes the modules work together. If one module fails，another can easily take its place. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools，as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself，each module can work apart from the restif necessary.The snakebot design is much simpler than of most common robots. Thus，snakebots will be much less expensive to build. One of the robots sent to Mars cost a hundred million dollars to build. However，snakebots cost as little as a few dollars to make and could therefore save . enormous amounts of money on future space missions ,With their versatility and affordability ， snakebotswill be the way of the future；at least as far as space robots are concerned.Questions 76~80：read the passage carefully and then complete each space in the summary，using a maximum of three words from the passage.Summary:It is much easier to send robots，rather than people，into space，but scientists have found that robots with wheels are not the most (76)_____ ones. This is because there are many problems associated with today’s robots：they are very expensive，they (77)___ and cannot do many tasks. In fact，for exploring places with lots of obstacles to go over or under，(78)_____ word better than wheeled robots. They are made of separate parts，or (79)_______，each of which is actually a robot in itself. Snakebots can go almost anywhere and do many different kinds of tasks. It books as though robots shaped like snakes will be the way of the future owing to their (80) _____.Part 5 translation (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write answer on the answer sheet.81. 请复习课堂上讨论过要点，尚有你自己感到混淆不清地方。
谈判的约哈里之窗
约哈里之窗（Johari Window,约哈里窗)2007-01-06 15:47人际交流的“约哈里窗”约瑟夫.鲁夫特（Joseph Luft）和哈里顿.英格拉姆（Harrington Ingram）提出一个介绍自我和相互了解的模型。
开放区：代表所有自己知道，他人也知道的信息。
盲目区：代表关于自我的他人知道而自己不知道的信息。
隐秘区：代表自己知道而他人不知道的信息，这些信息有的是知识性的、经验性的，甚至是创造性思维的结果。
未知区：这个区域指的是自己不知道，他人也不知道的信息。
是潜意识、潜在需要。
这是一个大小难以确定的潜在知识。
通过建立在任务、信任基础上的交流，扩大开放区，缩小盲目区和隐蔽区，揭明未知区，这就是知识组织的功能。
┌─────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐││自己知道│自己不知道│├─────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤│别人知道│自己和他人都了解的部分│自己人知道而他人知道的部│├─────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤│别人不知道│自己了解而他人不了解的部分│自己和他人都不知道的部分│└─────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘下面是附录的英文版理论：The Model of Communication：The Johari Window is a very popular and easily understood model of communication. The Johari Window is essentially an information processing model. The model employs a four-part figure to reflect the interaction of two sources of information - self and others. The squared field, representing the “interpersonal space,” is partitioned into four “regions” with each region representing particular information-processing elements that have significance for the quality of relationships.The Johari Window, named after the first names of its inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction. A four paned “window,” as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants: open, hidden, blind, and unknown. The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction progresses.In this model, each person is represented by their own window. Let’s describe mine:1. The “open” quadrant represents things that both I know about mysel f, and that you know about me. For example, I know my name, and so do you, and if you have explored some of my website, you know some of my interests. The knowledge that the windowrepresents, can include not only factual information, but my feelings, motives, behaviors, wants, needs and desires… indeed, any information describing who I am. When I first meet a new person, the size of the opening of this first quadrant is not very large, since there has been little time to exchange information. As the process of getting to know one another continues, the window shades move down or to the right, placing more information into the open window, as described below.2. The “blind” quadrant represents things that you know about me, but that I am unaware of. So, for example, we could be eating at a restaurant, and I may have unknowingly gotten some food on my face. This information is in my blind quadrant because you can see it, but I cannot. If you now tell me that I have something on my face, then the window shade m oves to the right, enlarging the open quadrant’s area. Now, I may also have blindspots with respect to many other much more complex things. For example, perhaps in our ongoing conversation, you may notice that eye contact seems to be lacking. You may not say anything, since you may not want to embarrass me, or you may draw your own inferences that perhaps I am being insincere. Then the problem is, how can I get this information out in the open, since it may be affecting the level of trust that is developing between us? How can I learn more about myself? Unfortunately, there is no readily available answer. I may notice a slight hesitation on your part, and perhaps this may lead to a question. But who knows if I will pick this up, or if your answer will be on the mark.3. The “hidden” quadrant represents things that I know about myself, that you do not know. So for example, I have not told you, nor mentioned anywhere on my website, what one of my favorite ice cream flavors is. This information is in my “hidden” quadrant. As soon as I tell you that I love “Ben and Jerry’s Cherry Garcia” flavored ice cream, I am effectively pulling the window shade down, moving the information in my hidden quadrant and enlarging the open quadrant’s area. Again, there are vast amou nts of information, virtually my whole life’s story, that has yet to be revealed to you. As we get to know and trust each other, I will then feel more comfortable disclosing more intimate details about myself. This process is called: “Self-disclosure.”4. The “unknown” quadrant represents things that neither I know about myself, nor you know about me. For example, I may disclose a dream that I had, and as we both attempt to understand its significance, a new awareness may emerge, known to neither of us before the conversation took place. Being placed in new situations often reveal new information not previously known to self or others. For example, I learned of the Johari window at a workshop conducted by a Japanese American psychiatrist in the early 1980’s. During this workshop, he created a safe atmosphere of care and trust between the various participants. Usually, I am terrified of speaking in public, but I was surprised to learn that in such an atmosphere, the task need not be so daunting. Prior to this event, I had viewed myself and others had also viewed me as being extremely shy. (The above now reminds me of a funny joke, which I cannot refrain from telling you. It is said that the number one fear that people have is speaking in public. Their number two fear is dying.And the number three fear that people have, is dying while speaking in public.) Thus, a novel situation can trigger new awareness and personal growth. The process of moving previously unknown information into the open quadrant, thus enlarging its area, has been likened to Maslow’s concept of self-actualization. The process can also be viewed as a game, where the open quadrant is synonymous with the win-win situation.Much, much more has been written on the Johari window model of human interaction. The process of enlarging the open quadrant is called self-disclosure, a give and take process between me and the people I interact with. Typically, as I share something about myself (moving information from my hidden quadrant into the open) and if the other party is interested in getting to know me, they will reciprocate, by similarly disclosing information in their hidden quadrant. Thus, an interaction between two parties can be modeled dynamically as two active Johari windows. For example, you may respond to my disclosure that I like “Cherry Garcia” by letting me know what your favorite ice cream is, or where a new ice cream shop is being built, kinds of information in your hidden quadrant. Incidentally, it is fattening, so be careful on how much you eat!We believe disclosure to be healthy, at least that’s the impression one gets after reading Freud. However, Anita Kelly recently wrote that self-disclosure of personal secrets has its dangers. We are often better off not telling secrets regarding our sexual behavior, mental health problems or large-scale failures. “If you give people information about yourself, you give them power over you,” she says. Monica Lewinsky’s disclosure to Linda Tripp and the ensuing scandal that enveloped President Clinton is a case in point. Be forewarned that most secrets get passed along to at least two more parties. People also misjudge how others respond to secrets. Sometimes you get negative feedback. For example, a women who reveals that she was raped may be seen in the future as a victim, or by men as damaged goods. Now, if you must tell your secret to someone, chose that person very carefully. Chose someone whose response will give you some insight into your problem. Unfortunately, such a person is often hard to find. So if you cannot find anyone appropriate, consider this: that keeping secrets is healthy and tasteful, because it is a way of managing your identity, and indicates you are secure and have self-control. But it takes energy, because you have to be on constant guard not to accidentally reveal something that is potentially damaging.As ones level of confidence and self esteem develops, one may actively invite others to comment on one’s blind spots. A teacher may seek feedback from students on the quality of a particular lecture, with the desire of improving the presentation. Active listening skills are helpful in this endeavor. On the other hand, we all have defenses, protecting the parts of ourselves that we feel vulnerable. Remember, the blind quadrant contains behavior, feelings and motivations not accessible to the person, but which others can see. Feelings of inadequacy, incompetence, impotence, unworthiness, rejection, guilt, dependency, ambivalence for loved ones, needs to control and manipulate, are all difficult to face, and yet can be seen by others. To forcibly reveal what another wishes not to see, is “psychological rape,” and can be traumatic. Fortunately,nature has provided us with a variety of defense mechanisms to cope with such events, such as denial, ignoring, rationalizing, etc.The Johari window, essentially being a model for communication, can also reveal difficulties in this area. In Johari terms, two people attempt to communicate via the open quadrants. On the simplest level, difficulties may arise due to a lack of clarity in the interaction, such as poor grammar or choice of words, unorganized thoughts, faulty logic etc. This induces the receiver to criticize you, the sender, by revealing something that was in your blind quadrant. Then, if the feedback works, you correct it immediately, or perhaps on a more long term approach take a course in reading and writing. On a deeper level, you may be in a group meeting, and while you secretly sympathize with the minority viewpoint, you voted with the majority. However, blind to you, you actually may be communicating this information via body language, in conflict with your verbal message. On an even deeper level, you in an interaction with others, may always put on a smiling, happy face, hiding all negative feelings. By withholding negative feelings, you may be signaling to your friends to withhold also, and keep their distance. Thus, your communication style may seem bland or distant.And let’s not forget the parable of the blind men and the elepha nt. Our society is constructed so that many of us get very specialized, knowing only a small academic field very well, while being virtually ignorant of all others. This specialization is blinding many of us to what is happening in the world today. According to R. Buckminister Fuller, this system of education was done on purpose, to channel the most intelligent people into specialties, enabling them to be more easily controlled. Noam Chomsky has made similar comments with regards to the manufacturing enterp rise, and how Adam Smith’s writings have been purposely misrepresented. See my webpage On Education.你知我知（Open），你知我不知（Blind），你不知我知（Hidden），你我都不知（Unknown）。
Zippergate
Influence
• 2000 presidential election
• The scandal arguably affected the 2000 U.S. Presidential election in two contradicting ways. Democratic Party candidate and sitting Vice President Al Gore claimed that Clinton's scandal had been "a drag" that deflated the enthusiasm of their party's base, effectively suppressing Democratic votes. Clinton claimed that the scandal had made Gore's campaign too cautious, and that if Clinton had been allowed to campaign for Gore in Arkansas and New Hampshire, either state would have delivered Gore's needed electoral votes regardless of what happened Tripp discovered in January 1998 that Lewinsky had signed an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying a relationship with Clinton, she delivered the tapes to Kenneth Starr, the Independent Counsel who was investigating Clinton on other matters, including the Whitewater scandal, the White House FBI files controversy, and the White House travel office controversy. During the grand jury testimony Clinton's responses were guarded, and he argued, "It depends on what the meaning of the word is is"
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Origin
Clinton and White House intern Monica Lewinsky encountered, flirted, and developed to lovers after the 1996 election.
Lewinsky had sexual encounters with Bill Clinton on nine occasions from November 1995 to March 1997. According to her published schedule, First Lady Hillary Clinton was at the White House for at least some portion of seven of those days.
Clinton
Hillary
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Lewinsky Scandal
Monicagate
Sexgate Zippergate
Lewinsky scandal
A political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22year-old White House Intern, Monica Lewinsky.
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Exposure
Lewinsky confided in a coworker and friend named Linda Tripp about her relationship with Clinton. Tripp secretly recorded their telephone conversations, and reported these tape recordings to Kenneth Starr, the independent counsel in the Whitewater case.
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Impact
Lewinsky
Became the center of political turmoil, and got great reputational damage. She moved to England in 2005 and received a master's degree later and became a news reporter British Channel the Five news program. Became second President who was impeached by the House of July 31, 2013, the British "Daily Mail" Representatives. exposed a previous tape, which recorded Lewinsky's desperate try to lure Clinton to meet her. It is said that the detailed imformation published this time may affect Hillary Clinton's election to capture the White House in 2016. Page 7
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Monica Lewinsky
A graduate of Lewis & Clark College, was hired to work as an intern (实 习生) at the White House during Clinton's first term, and began a personal relationship with him. NhomakorabeaPage
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served from 1993 to 2001 as the 42nd President of the United States.
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