The Colliding Winds of WR146 Seeing the Works

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百花拥簇浅绿的风信子盛开的季节的英语

百花拥簇浅绿的风信子盛开的季节的英语

百花拥簇浅绿的风信子盛开的季节的英语The Vibrant Season of Verdant Hyacinths in BloomAs the sun's warm rays caressed the verdant landscape, the gentle breeze carried the sweet fragrance of the season's most enchanting blooms. It was the time of year when the hyacinths, their delicate petals unfurling in a symphony of soft hues, adorned the gardens and parks with their captivating presence. This was a season of renewal and wonder, a time when the world seemed to come alive with the promise of new beginnings.The hyacinth, with its lush foliage and vibrant flowers, was the undisputed star of this verdant spectacle. These resilient plants, native to the Mediterranean region, had long been revered for their beauty and symbolic significance. In ancient Greek mythology, the hyacinth was said to have sprung from the blood of the young Hyacinthus, a beloved of the god Apollo, who was tragically killed in a freak accident. The flower's striking colors and delicate form were believed to be a testament to the enduring love and grief of the gods.As the days grew longer and the air grew warmer, the hyacinthsbegan to emerge from the earth, their tightly coiled buds slowly unfurling to reveal the stunning array of hues that would captivate all who laid eyes upon them. From the deepest indigo to the palest lavender, the hyacinths painted a breathtaking tapestry across the landscape, their intoxicating fragrance wafting through the air and enticing the senses.In gardens and parks, the hyacinths were carefully tended and cultivated, their vibrant colors and delicate forms the centerpiece of meticulously designed displays. Gardeners took great pride in their hyacinth beds, meticulously grooming the plants and ensuring that they received the optimal amount of sunlight and moisture to thrive. The result was a stunning display of nature's artistry, a riot of color and fragrance that left visitors awestruck and inspired.But the hyacinth's appeal extended far beyond its visual splendor. For centuries, these flowers had been imbued with a rich symbolism, representing everything from loyalty and constancy to playfulness and joy. In many cultures, the hyacinth was seen as a harbinger of spring, a symbol of the renewal and rebirth that came with the changing of the seasons. Its delicate beauty and resilience in the face of adversity made it a beloved emblem of hope and resilience.As the days passed and the hyacinths continued to bloom, the world seemed to take on a new energy and vibrancy. People flocked to thegardens and parks, drawn by the allure of the flowers and the promise of a season filled with possibility. Children chased butterflies through the hyacinth beds, their laughter echoing through the air, while couples strolled hand-in-hand, captivated by the beauty that surrounded them.For those who had the privilege of witnessing the hyacinth's annual display, the experience was truly transformative. In the presence of these magnificent blooms, the stresses and worries of daily life seemed to melt away, replaced by a sense of wonder and connection with the natural world. The hyacinths, with their timeless elegance and enduring symbolism, served as a reminder of the beauty and resilience that can be found in even the most humble of plants.As the season drew to a close and the hyacinths began to fade, a bittersweet sense of nostalgia set in. But the memories of their vibrant colors and intoxicating fragrance would linger long after the last petal had fallen, a testament to the enduring power of nature's most captivating creations. And so, the cycle would continue, with the hyacinths returning year after year to enchant and inspire all who were lucky enough to witness their breathtaking display.。

out of the cradle endlessly rocking诗歌

out of the cradle endlessly rocking诗歌

out of the cradle endlessly rocking诗歌
"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" 是一首由沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman)创作的诗歌。

这首诗表达了诗人对自然和生命的无限敬畏和感激之情。

以下是一段这首诗的英文原文和中文翻译:
Out of the cradle endlessly rocking,
Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,
Out of the Ninth-month midnight,
Over the sterile sands and the still sea,
over the出岫云和入岫云,
Out of the strong Flower-arranging, bride-bearing Wind-gust come.
摇篮啊,无尽的摇曳,
从反舌鸟的鸣唱里,音乐般的穿梭,
从九月的子夜,
越过贫瘠的沙滩,静谧的海洋,
越过浮云出岫,又入岫云,
从布置得美观的新娘花冠,载着新娘的阵风里来。

赏析:这段诗中,惠特曼用生动的意象描绘出自然的美好和生命的无限可能。

诗中的“摇篮”象征着生命的起点,“出岫云”和“入岫云”则象征着生命的起伏和变化,“Flower-arranging, bride-bearing Wind-gust”则象征着生命的力量和美好。

诗人通过这些意象表达出对生命的敬畏和感激之情。

关于自然灾害的认识和预防500字英语作文

关于自然灾害的认识和预防500字英语作文

关于自然灾害的认识和预防500字英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Natural Disasters: An Inevitable Force to be Reckoned WithAs a student, the concept of natural disasters has always fascinated and terrified me in equal measure. Theseawe-inspiring phenomena, fueled by the sheer power of nature, serve as a humbling reminder of our fragility in the face of the Earth's might. From the towering walls of water that accompany tsunamis to the merciless tremors of earthquakes, natural disasters have an uncanny ability to disrupt our lives and challenge our resilience.In recent years, the frequency and intensity of these events have seemingly escalated, leaving communities across the globe grappling with the devastating consequences. The haunting images of homes reduced to rubble, families torn apart, and entire regions left in disarray are etched into our collective consciousness, serving as a stark reminder of the precariousness of our existence.Yet, amidst the chaos, there is a glimmer of hope – a recognition that through knowledge and preparedness, we can mitigate the impact of these natural calamities. As students, we have a unique opportunity to delve into the intricate workings of these phenomena, to understand their causes, and to explore strategies for preventing and responding to their effects.Earthquakes, for instance, are a chilling testament to the immense forces at work beneath the Earth's surface. Tectonic plates colliding, grinding against one another, release seismic waves that ripple through the ground, causing structures to sway and, in some cases, crumble. By studying the science behind these events, we can develop early warning systems, implement stringent building codes, and educate communities on the importance of preparedness measures, such as securing heavy objects and maintaining emergency supplies.Similarly, hurricanes and cyclones, born from the intricate interplay of warm ocean waters and atmospheric conditions, unleash their fury through destructive winds, torrential rains, and storm surges. While we cannot prevent these natural phenomena, we can enhance our understanding of their formation and movement patterns, enabling us to issue timelywarnings and implement evacuation plans, potentially saving countless lives.Wildfires, once considered a natural part of the ecosystem's cycle, have become increasingly unpredictable and devastating due to factors such as climate change and human activities. By studying fire behavior, implementing controlled burns, and promoting sustainable forest management practices, we can reduce the risk of catastrophic blazes and protect vulnerable communities.Floods, too, have left indelible scars on our collective memory, as rising waters sweep away homes, businesses, and entire communities. Through the study of hydrology, meteorology, and urban planning, we can develop effective flood mitigation strategies, such as improving drainage systems, constructing levees and dams, and implementing land-use regulations to prevent development in high-risk areas.However, our efforts cannot be limited to mere understanding and prevention. In the aftermath of these disasters, the need for compassion, resilience, and a collective resolve to rebuild becomes paramount. As students, we have the opportunity to engage in relief efforts, volunteer our time and resources, and contribute to the reconstruction process,fostering a sense of community and solidarity in the face of adversity.Furthermore, we must acknowledge the disproportionate impact of natural disasters on marginalized and vulnerable communities, often exacerbating existing inequalities. By advocating for equitable disaster preparedness and response measures, we can ensure that no one is left behind in the wake of these catastrophic events.As we look to the future, the challenge of mitigating the effects of natural disasters will only become more pressing. Climate change, urbanization, and population growth all contribute to heightened risks and increased vulnerability. It is our responsibility as students, and as global citizens, to embrace a multidisciplinary approach, integrating篇2Natural Disasters: An Unavoidable Reality That Demands Our VigilanceAs a student, the concept of natural disasters has always fascinated and unsettled me in equal measure. These powerful forces of nature, capable of wreaking havoc and devastation on amonumental scale, serve as a humbling reminder of our fragility and the unpredictable nature of our planet.From the towering walls of water that characterize tsunamis to the earth-shattering tremors of earthquakes, natural disasters come in many forms, each with its unique set of challenges and consequences. However, despite their diverse manifestations, they share a common thread – their ability to disrupt the delicate balance of our lives and leave indelible marks on communities and nations.One of the most daunting aspects of natural disasters is their indiscriminate nature. They do not discriminate based on wealth, status, or geographic location. A single event can render even the most advanced and well-prepared societies vulnerable, reminding us that we are all inherently interconnected and interdependent.Yet, amidst the chaos and destruction, there are stories of resilience, courage, and human ingenuity that emerge. Tales of individuals who have faced the wrath of nature head-on, and communities that have banded together to rebuild and heal, serve as powerful testaments to the strength of the human spirit.As students, it is our responsibility to not only learn about these natural phenomena but also to actively engage in effortsto mitigate their impact. Education plays a pivotal role in this endeavor, equipping us with the knowledge and skills necessary to respond effectively to these events.From understanding the intricate workways of early warning systems to developing a deep appreciation for the importance of disaster preparedness, our academic pursuits can contribute significantly to our collective ability to navigate these challenges.Moreover, as future leaders and decision-makers, it is incumbent upon us to advocate for policies and initiatives that prioritize risk reduction and sustainable development. By investing in resilient infrastructure, promoting environmental conservation, and fostering international cooperation, we can work towards creating a world better equipped to withstand the forces of nature.Equally important is the need to recognize the disproportionate impact natural disasters can have on vulnerable populations, such as those living in poverty or in areas with limited resources. It is our moral imperative to ensure that no community is left behind and that disaster response and recovery efforts are equitable and inclusive.Furthermore, as students of the 21st century, we have the unique opportunity to leverage the power of technology andinnovation to enhance our understanding and preparedness efforts. From advanced simulation models that can predict disaster scenarios to cutting-edge engineering solutions that can fortify our built environments, the potential for scientific and technological advancements to contribute to this cause is vast.Ultimately, our relationship with natural disasters is one of coexistence and adaptation. While we may not be able to prevent their occurrence entirely, we can certainly strive to minimize their impact and enhance our capacity to respond and recover.As students, it is our duty to embrace this challenge with a sense of urgency and purpose. By combining our intellectual curiosity, compassion, and commitment to sustainable solutions, we can shape a future where the devastating consequences of natural disasters are mitigated, and communities around the world can thrive in the face of adversity.For it is only through a collective and concerted effort, driven by knowledge, innovation, and a deep respect for the forces of nature, that we can truly hope to build a more resilient and prepared global society.篇3Natural Disasters: A Looming Threat and Our ResponsibilityAs a student, the topic of natural disasters is one that has always piqued my curiosity and concern. From earthquakes that rattle the ground beneath our feet to hurricanes that batter coastal regions with unrelenting fury, these catastrophic events serve as harsh reminders of nature's immense power and our vulnerability as human beings.In recent years, we have witnessed an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters worldwide. Climate change, urbanization, and population growth have all contributed to this alarming trend, magnifying the potential for devastation and loss of life. It is a sobering reality that demands our attention and a call to action.One of the most formidable challenges we face is the unpredictability of these events. While advanced technology and scientific research have enabled us to forecast certain natural phenomena with greater accuracy, the sheer complexity of Earth's systems means that surprises are inevitable. Earthquakes can strike without warning, unleashing tremors that topple buildings and shatter infrastructure. Tsunamis, triggered by seismic shifts beneath the ocean's surface, can surge inland, sweeping away everything in their path.Wildfires, once a natural and necessary part of many ecosystems, have become increasingly destructive due to a combination of factors, including climate change, drought, and human activities. The smoke billowing from these blazes not only obscures the sun but also poses serious health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with respiratory conditions.Hurricanes, fueled by warm ocean waters, have grown more intense in recent decades, leaving trails of destruction in their wake. The images of flooded streets, uprooted trees, and shattered homes are etched into our collective consciousness, serving as stark reminders of the havoc these storms can wreak.While the forces of nature are beyond our control, our response to these events is not. Preparedness and resilience are key to mitigating the impact of natural disasters. Governments, communities, and individuals must work together to develop comprehensive strategies that prioritize prevention, early warning systems, and effective emergency response protocols.Education plays a crucial role in raising awareness and empowering individuals to take proactive measures. By understanding the risks associated with various natural disasters and knowing how to respond in emergency situations, we canpotentially save lives and minimize damage. Schools and educational institutions have a responsibility to incorporate disaster preparedness into their curricula, equipping students with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate these challenges.Furthermore, we must invest in resilient infrastructure that can withstand the onslaught of natural disasters. This includes fortifying buildings, reinforcing critical infrastructure like bridges and power grids, and implementing sustainable urban planning practices that take into account the potential risks posed by natural hazards.Alongside these efforts, we must also address the underlying drivers of climate change, which is exacerbating the intensity and frequency of many natural disasters. By transitioning to renewable energy sources, promoting sustainable practices, and reducing our carbon footprint, we can mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change and potentially lessen the severity of future disasters.Ultimately, our ability to coexist with the forces of nature lies in our willingness to adapt and embrace a holistic approach to disaster preparedness and mitigation. It is a collective responsibility that transcends borders and generations, requiringcollaboration between governments, scientific communities, and individuals from all walks of life.As students, we have a unique opportunity to be agents of change, to question the status quo, and to demand action from our leaders and policymakers. By staying informed, engaging in constructive dialogue, and actively participating in disaster preparedness initiatives, we can contribute to building a more resilient future for ourselves and generations to come.The path ahead is not an easy one, but it is a necessary journey. Natural disasters are not mere inconveniences; they are existential threats that challenge our very survival. By embracing a proactive mindset, fostering a culture of preparedness, and working together to mitigate the risks, we can transform these challenges into opportunities for growth, innovation, and a deeper appreciation for the delicate balance between humanity and the natural world.。

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Lesson

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Lesson

张汉熙《⾼级英语(1)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】(LessonLesson 12 Ships in the Desert (Edited)⼀、词汇短语1. anchor n. & v. to hold fast by or as if by an anchor抛锚,锚定:They layat anchor outside the harbor.他们在港外抛锚停泊。

2. lap vt. to wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds拍打:The waveswere lapping the side of the boat.波浪击打着船的侧⾯。

3. comparable adj. that can be compared可⽐较的,⽐得上的4. underlying adj. fundamental, basic在下⾯的,根本的,潜在的5. parka n. a thick warm jacket with a hood⽑⽪风雪⼤⾐,⽪制⼤⾐6. glacier n. a large mass of ice and snow thatforms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate atwhich the snow melts; it moves slowly outward from the center ofaccumulation or down a mountain until it melts or breaks away冰川7. emission n. a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放,排出物:fume emission尘雾排放8. inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded byentreaty; relentless不可变的,残酷⽆情的:the inexorable passage of theseasons⼈⼒不能改变的四季转移9. graph n. a diagram, as a curve, broken lines, series of bars, etc.,representing the successive changes in a variable quantity or quantities图表,曲线图10. frigid adj. extremely cold极其寒冷的:Frigid winds blew fromthe north.寒风从北⽅刮来。

泰戈尔爱情诗集《恋人的馈赠》(中英对照·连载)

泰戈尔爱情诗集《恋人的馈赠》(中英对照·连载)

泰戈尔爱情诗集《恋人的馈赠》(中英对照·连载)Rabindranath Tagore‘s Verses -- Lover's Gift.1. YOU ALLOWED your kingly power to vanish, Shajahan, but your wish was to make imperishable a tear-drop of love.Time has no pity for the human heart, he laughs at its sad struggle to remember.You allured him with beauty, made him captive, and crowned the formless death with fadeless form.The secret whispered in the hush of night to the ear of your love is wrought in the perpetual silence of stone.Though empires crumble to dust, and centuries are lost in shadows,the marble still sighs to the stars, “I remember.”“I remember." - But life forgets, for she has her call to the Endless and she goes on her voyage unburdened, leaving her memories to the forlorn forms of beauty..泰戈尔爱情诗集-《恋人的馈赠》.1。

你准许你那王者般的威力消失了去,沙加汗,可你那希翼,原是想作一滴永恒的爱的泪滴。

威廉华兹华斯作品英文

威廉华兹华斯作品英文

威廉华兹华斯作品英文威廉华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)是英国浪漫主义时期的重要诗人之一,他的作品以描写自然景观、表达个人情感和思考人类存在等主题而闻名。

以下是一些威廉华兹华斯的代表作品的英文名称:1. "Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey"(《在滕特恩修道院上方数英里处写的诗行》),这首诗是华兹华斯最著名的作品之一,他在诗中回忆了自己年轻时在滕特恩修道院周围的经历,并表达了对自然的热爱和对人生意义的思考。

2. "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"(《我独自漫游如云》),这首诗也被称为《黄色风铃草》(Daffodils),华兹华斯在诗中描绘了自己在湖区看到的一片美丽的风铃草景象,表达了对自然的赞美和对生命的喜悦。

3. "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollectionsof Early Childhood"(《颂歌,从早年童年的回忆中感悟永生》),这首长诗探讨了童年时光的美好和对死亡与永生的思考,表达了对生命流逝的感叹和对永恒存在的渴望。

4. "The Prelude"(《序曲》),这是华兹华斯的一部史诗长诗,记录了他的成长经历和思想发展的过程,探讨了个人与自然、艺术和社会的关系。

5. "The Solitary Reaper"(《孤独的收割者》),这首诗描绘了华兹华斯在苏格兰高地遇到一位孤独歌唱的农民女子,通过她的歌声传递了深深的情感和对生命的思考。

以上是威廉华兹华斯一些著名作品的英文名称。

他的诗歌作品充满了对自然、人类情感和哲学思考的深刻描绘,深受读者喜爱和赞赏。

冬天风大又冷的英语作文

冬天风大又冷的英语作文

As the seasons transition from the warmth of autumn to the chill of winter, the air grows crisp and the days become shorter. The winter winds, known for their biting cold, sweep across the landscape, leaving an indelible mark on the world around us. I have always found the winter winds to be a fascinating study, a testament to natures power and the resilience of life amidst the harshest conditions.Growing up in a small town nestled in the mountains, I was no stranger to the winter winds. They would howl through the valleys and rattle the windows of our home, a constant reminder of the seasons arrival. The wind would carry with it a chill that seemed to penetrate to the bone, making the warmth of a roaring fire or a hot cup of cocoa a cherished comfort.One particularly memorable winter, the winds were relentless. They roared through the town for days on end, causing the trees to sway and the snow to drift into towering mounds. The wind was so strong that it would often knock over outdoor furniture and send debris flying through the air. It was a force to be reckoned with, and it demanded respect.Despite the challenges the winter winds presented, they also brought with them a certain beauty. The snow, driven by the wind, would create intricate patterns on the ground and on the windows, like a delicate lacework of ice. The trees, stripped of their leaves, would stand tall against the onslaught, their branches glistening with a layer of frost that sparkled in the sunlight.The winter winds also served as a reminder of the importance of community. Neighbors would help each other clear snow from drivewaysand sidewalks, and there was a sense of camaraderie that emerged from facing the elements together. It was a time when people would come together, sharing stories and laughter over steaming mugs of hot chocolate, the warmth of the indoors a stark contrast to the biting cold outside.The winds also had a profound effect on the wildlife. Animals would seek shelter in burrows and dens, their thick coats of fur providing insulation against the cold. Birds would huddle together in trees, sharing body heat to stay warm. It was a time of survival, where the strong and the adaptable thrived.From a scientific perspective, the winter winds are a result of the Earths tilt and the difference in temperature between the poles and the equator. As the Earth rotates, the air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating the winds we experience. The cold air from the poles moves southward, colliding with the warmer air from the equator, resulting in the gusts that characterize winter.In terms of human history, the winter winds have played a significant role in shaping cultures and societies. From the Inuit peoples mastery of ice and snow to the Vikings reliance on strong ships to navigate the treacherous seas, the winter winds have been both a challenge and an opportunity for human innovation and adaptation.In conclusion, the winter winds are a powerful and aweinspiring force of nature. They bring with them a mix of challenges and beauty, shaping thelandscape and the lives of those who experience them. As I reflect on my own experiences with the winter winds, I am reminded of the resilience of life and the importance of community in the face of adversity. The winter winds may be cold and fierce, but they also serve as a reminder of the beauty and strength that can be found in the most unexpected places.。

飞向蓝天的恐龙150字作文

飞向蓝天的恐龙150字作文

飞向蓝天的恐龙150字作文英文回答:Flying into the blue sky, the dinosaur soared high above the clouds. Its massive wings flapped gracefully, carrying it effortlessly through the air. The wind whistled past its scales, creating a symphony of sound. From up above, the world looked so different. The tiny houses and cars seemed like toys, and the rivers and mountains appeared like mere lines on a map. It was a breathtaking sight.As the dinosaur glided through the sky, it felt a sense of freedom and exhilaration. It was no longer bound by the constraints of the earth, but instead, it could explore the vastness of the sky. The feeling of weightlessness was incredible, as if it could defy gravity and float forever. The dinosaur could see for miles and miles, taking in the beauty of the world from a whole new perspective.The journey through the sky was not without its challenges. The dinosaur had to navigate through turbulent winds and avoid colliding with birds and other flying creatures. It had to constantly adjust its wings to maintain balance and stability. But these obstacles only made the experience more thrilling. It was a test of skill and agility, and the dinosaur was determined to conquer the sky.As the dinosaur continued its flight, it noticed something extraordinary. It saw a flock of birds flying in formation, their wings synchronized in perfect harmony. Inspired by their unity, the dinosaur joined them, adding its own unique presence to the group. Together, they created a mesmerizing display of aerial acrobatics, dancing across the sky in a breathtaking performance.After hours of soaring through the sky, the dinosaur finally descended back to the ground. Its wings folded back against its body, and it landed gracefully on the earth. It had experienced a world beyond its wildest dreams, and it was grateful for the opportunity to fly. The memory of theblue sky and the freedom it felt would forever be etched in its heart.中文回答:飞向蓝天,恐龙高高地飞翔在云端之上。

暴风雨的形成英语作文

暴风雨的形成英语作文

暴风雨的形成英语作文A storm begins with a warm, moist air mass rising upwards. As it ascends, the air cools and condenses, forming cloudsthat grow darker and more ominous.The rising air creates a low pressure area, drawing in surrounding air. This inflow of air spins around the low pressure center, setting the stage for a storm's rotation.Lightning flashes and thunder rumbles as the storm intensifies. The electrical discharge is a result of the friction between colliding ice and water particles within the storm clouds.Rain pours down, cooling the atmosphere and providingmuch-needed moisture to the earth below. The heavy downpour can also lead to flooding in some areas, demonstrating the power of nature's forces.Wind gusts increase, bending trees and causing debris tofly through the air. The strong winds are a product of the storm's energy and can cause significant damage to structures and landscapes.As the storm moves on, the skies begin to clear. The sun may break through the clouds, casting a warm glow over the newly washed land. This marks the end of the storm, but the memories of its power linger.In the aftermath, the environment is often revitalized. The storm's rain nourishes the soil, and the air is fresh and clean. It's a reminder of the cycle of nature, where destruction can also lead to renewal.。

rudder造句

rudder造句

rudder造句1. The captain skillfully adjusted the rudder to steer the ship through treacherous waters.2. The strong winds made it difficult for the pilot to control the rudder of the small airplane.3. The rudder of the sailboat got damaged during the storm and needed immediate repair.4. The engineer inspected the rudder mechanism to ensure it was working properly.5. When sailing against the wind, adjusting the rudder angle helps maintain stability.6. The rudder of the submarine is essential for maneuvering underwater.7. The yacht's rudder was too shallow, causing it to drag on the bottom of the harbor.8. The rudder's hinges were corroded and needed to be replaced.9. The pilot made a sharp turn by swiftly turning the rudder to one side.10. The ship's course was altered by slightly adjusting the rudder's position.11. The instructor taught the students how to operate the rudder while kayaking.12. The rudder's movements are controlled by hydraulic systems on modern aircraft.13. The rudder's sensitivity can be adjusted according to the pilot's preference.14. The submarine commander skillfully manipulated the rudder to avoid colliding with another vessel.15. The rudder's position is crucial for maintaining stability during takeoff and landing.16. The sailboat's rudder got stuck, causing the boat to drift off course.17. The ship's helmsman gradually turned the rudder to navigate through the narrow channel.18. The rudder is a vital part of the ship's steering system.19. The captain shouted orders to the crew to adjust the rudder's angle.20. The navigation officer closely monitored the ship's rudder angle using the control panel.21. The rudder's shape and size can greatly affect the boat's maneuverability.22. The rudder's control mechanism was stiff and required regular maintenance.23. The pilot relied on the rudder to maintain balance during turbulent weather conditions.24. The ship's rudder was damaged in a collision and needed urgent repairs.25. The rudder's hinges creaked as the ship changed course.26. The kayak instructor demonstrated how to use the rudder for sharper turns.27. The yacht's rudder had a hydraulic system for smoother steering.28. The ship's rudder was coated with anti-fouling paint to prevent marine growth.29. The rudder's angle was adjusted to counteract the crosswind's effect on the airplane.30. The sailboat's rudder was made of sturdy stainless steel for durability.31. The pilot made a sudden maneuver by jerking the rudder to one side.32. The helicopter's rudder is controlled by foot pedals.33. The ship's rudder was strategically positioned for maximum maneuverability.34. The rudder's hard overuse caused it to get stuck in one position.35. The rudder's control mechanism was greased to ensure smooth operation.36. The submarine's rudder was tested for leaks before diving into deep waters.37. The rudder's heavy damage required significantrepairs and replacement.38. The sailor skillfully adjusted the sailboat's rudder to catch the wind.39. The rudder's position greatly influences the ship's turning radius.40. The fighter jet's rudder was used for precise aerial maneuvers.41. The rudder's pivot point allows it to swivel and change the direction.42. The ship's rudder was painted red to aid invisibility during emergencies.43. The rudder's range of motion was limited due to mechanical issues.44. The skipper relied on the rudder to navigate the choppy waters.45. The rudder's control lever was within easy reach of the pilot's hand.46. The yacht's rudder was protected by an anti-corrosion coating.47. The rudder's hydraulic fluid needed periodic replacement.48. The ship's rudder was powered by a hydraulic motor.49. The pilot had to use extra force on the rudder's manual controls due to a power failure.50. The rudder's responsiveness is important for swift and accurate navigation.。

介绍北极的生活英文作文

介绍北极的生活英文作文

介绍北极的生活英文作文Living in the Arctic is a unique experience. The extreme cold weather can be both breathtaking and challenging. The landscape is dominated by vast stretches of ice and snow, creating a stunning white canvas. In this frozen world, life takes on a different rhythm.The Arctic is home to a diverse range of wildlife. Polar bears, with their thick fur and blubber, areperfectly adapted to survive in this harsh environment. They roam the ice in search of seals, their primary source of food. Arctic foxes, on the other hand, have a white coat that blends seamlessly with the snowy surroundings, allowing them to hunt without being noticed. These animals have developed remarkable strategies to thrive in the Arctic.The indigenous people of the Arctic, such as the Inuit, have a deep connection with their environment. They have adapted their way of life to the extreme conditions,relying on hunting and fishing for sustenance. Their traditional knowledge and skills have been passed down through generations, ensuring their survival in this challenging environment. The Inuit have a rich cultural heritage, with unique traditions, art, and storytelling that reflect their deep appreciation for the Arctic.Living in the Arctic also means facing the constant battle against the cold. The Arctic winter brings freezing temperatures that can plummet to -50 degrees Celsius. It requires careful planning and preparation to stay warm and safe. Insulated clothing, such as thick parkas and boots, are essential to withstand the cold. Heating systems in homes and buildings are crucial for maintaining a comfortable living environment. The Arctic residents have mastered the art of staying warm in the face of extreme cold.Despite the challenges, the Arctic offers breathtaking natural beauty. The Northern Lights, also known as Aurora Borealis, are a mesmerizing display of colorful lights dancing across the night sky. This natural phenomenon is aresult of charged particles from the sun colliding with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. The Arctic is one of the best places to witness this awe-inspiring spectacle,creating a sense of wonder and enchantment.Living in the Arctic is not just about surviving; it is about embracing the unique beauty and challenges of this frozen world. It requires resilience, adaptability, and a deep respect for nature. The Arctic is a place where humans and wildlife coexist, each finding their own ways to thrive. It is a place where the cold winds whisper stories of survival and resilience, reminding us of the power and beauty of nature.。

期待圣诞礼物的英语作文

期待圣诞礼物的英语作文

As the festive season draws near, the air is filled with a sense of anticipation and excitement. The twinkling lights, the aroma of gingerbread, and the sound of carolers singing in the streets all contribute to the magical atmosphere that envelops us. But for me, the most thrilling part of the Christmas season is the anticipation of the gifts that I might receive.Growing up, Christmas was always a time of wonder and joy. The thought of Santa Claus and his reindeer sleigh flying through the night sky, delivering presents to children all around the world, was a tale that captured my imagination. I would spend weeks leading up to Christmas dreaming about what I might find under the tree. The excitement would build as I tried to guess what my parents had bought for me, imagining the surprise and delight of unwrapping each gift.One year, I had my heart set on a particular toy. It was a remotecontrolled car that I had seen in a store window, its sleek design and vibrant colors catching my eye. I remember the countless nights I spent imagining the thrill of racing it around the living room, the sound of its engine roaring to life as I pressed the buttons on the controller. I would lie in bed, my mind buzzing with excitement, as I envisioned the moment I would unwrap the box and see the car inside.As Christmas Eve approached, I could hardly contain my excitement. The house was filled with the scent of freshly baked cookies and the sound of my parents wrapping presents in the living room. I would sneak downstairs, trying to catch a glimpse of the gifts under the tree, my heart poundingwith anticipation. I would carefully inspect each package, looking for any clues that might reveal the identity of the presents inside.On Christmas morning, the moment I had been waiting for finally arrived. I woke up early, my heart racing with excitement, and rushed downstairs to the tree. There, amidst the piles of wrapped gifts, I spotted a large box with a bright red bow on top. My eyes widened with excitement as I recognized the shape and size of the box it was the remotecontrolled car I had been dreaming of!As I tore off the wrapping paper, revealing the shiny black car beneath, a wave of joy washed over me. The car was even more beautiful than I had imagined, its sleek design and powerful engine a testament to the magic of Christmas. I spent the rest of the day racing it around the house, the sound of its engine filling the air with a sense of excitement and wonder.But the joy of Christmas gifts is not just about the material items themselves. Its about the love and thoughtfulness that goes into choosing and giving them. Each gift is a symbol of the care and affection that our loved ones have for us, a tangible expression of their love. And as I grew older, I began to appreciate the effort and thought that my parents put into selecting the perfect gifts for me, the time they spent searching for the perfect present to make me smile.Now, as a high school student, my Christmas list has changed. Instead of toys and games, I find myself asking for books, music, and experiences that will enrich my life and broaden my horizons. But the excitement of theseason remains the same. The anticipation of opening gifts, of discovering the surprises that await me, is a feeling that never grows old.As the Christmas season approaches once again, I find myself filled with the same sense of wonder and excitement that I felt as a child. The thought of the gifts that I might receive, the joy of unwrapping each package and discovering the surprises within, is a feeling that brings a smile to my face. And as I look forward to the magic of the holiday season, I am reminded of the true spirit of Christmas a time of love, joy, and the simple pleasure of giving and receiving gifts.。

家庭大事纪念作文英语

家庭大事纪念作文英语

Growing up, my family has always been the center of my universe, a place of warmth, laughter, and love. Each family event, no matter how big or small, is a milestone that we cherish and remember. One such event that stands out in my memory is the day we moved into our new home.It was a sunny morning in late summer when we packed up our belongings and said goodbye to our old house. The air was filled with a mix of excitement and nostalgia. I remember the way the sunlight streamed through the windows, casting long shadows on the walls, and the faint scent of lavender that lingered in the air. It was a bittersweet moment, leaving behind a place that held so many memories.As we loaded our things into the moving van, I couldnt help but feel a sense of anticipation. The new house was a symbol of a new beginning, a chance for us to create new memories and experiences together as a family. My parents were beaming with joy, their eyes sparkling with the prospect of what lay ahead.The journey to our new home was filled with laughter and stories from our past. We reminisced about the good times we had in our old house, from the family dinners to the latenight conversations. It was a heartwarming moment, a testament to the strong bond that we shared.Upon arriving at our new home, we were greeted by a beautiful sight. The house was a twostory structure with a spacious backyard, surrounded by lush greenery. The front yard was adorned with colorful flowers, adding a touch of vibrancy to the place. It was the perfect blend of comfort andelegance, a place where we could grow and thrive.The process of settling in was both exciting and challenging. We spent days unpacking our belongings, arranging furniture, and decorating the rooms. Each room had its own unique charm, reflecting our personalities and tastes. My room, for instance, was adorned with posters of my favorite bands and a cozy reading nook, a sanctuary where I could escape into the world of books.One of the most memorable aspects of moving into our new home was the housewarming party we hosted. It was a celebration of our new beginning, a chance to share our joy with our friends and family. The house was filled with laughter, music, and the aroma of delicious food. It was a night to remember, a testament to the love and warmth that our family shared.Over time, our new home became more than just a place to live. It was a canvas for our dreams and aspirations, a place where we could be ourselves without any inhibitions. The walls of our home were filled with laughter, tears, and countless stories that shaped us as individuals and as a family.Looking back, the day we moved into our new home was more than just a family event. It was a milestone that marked a new chapter in our lives, a chapter filled with hope, love, and endless possibilities. It was a reminder that no matter where we go or what we do, our family will always be the anchor that keeps us grounded and connected.In conclusion, family events, whether its moving into a new home or celebrating a milestone, are the threads that weave the tapestry of our lives. They are moments of joy, love, and connection that remind us of the importance of family and the bonds that we share. As I look forward to the future, I am excited about the new memories that we will create together as a family, in our home that has become a symbol of love, warmth, and togetherness.。

TheWorldofWrestling(abridged)RolandBarthesThe...

TheWorldofWrestling(abridged)RolandBarthesThe...

The World of Wrestling(abridged)Roland BarthesThe grandiloquent truth of gestures on life's great occasions.--BaudelaireThe virtue of all-in wrestling is that it is the spectacle of excess. Here we find a grandiloquence which must have been that of ancient theatres. And in fact wrestling is an open-air spectacle, for what makes the circus or the arena what they are is not the sky (a romantic value suited rather to fashionable occasions), it is the drenching and vertical quality of the flood of light. Even hidden in the most squalid Parisian halls, wrestling partakes of the nature of the great solar spectacles, Greek drama and bullfights: in both, a light without shadow generates an emotion without reserve.There are people who think that wrestling is an ignoble sport. Wrestling is not a sport, it is a spectacle, and it is no more ignoble to attend a wrestled performance of Suffering than a performance of the sorrows of Arnolphe or Andromaque [Barthes here refers to characters in neo-classic French plays by Molière and Racine]. Of course, there exists a false wrestling, in which the participants unnecessarily go to great lengths to make a show of a fair fight; this is of no interest. True wrestling, wrong called amateur wrestling, is performed in second-rate halls, where the public spontaneously attunes itself to the spectacular nature of the contest, like the audience at a suburban cinema. Then these same people wax indignant because wrestling is a stage-managed sport (which ought, by the way, to mitigate its ignominy). The public is completely uninterested in knowing whether the contest is rigged or not, and rightly so; it abandons itself to the primary virtue of the spectacle, which is to abolish all motives and all consequences: what matters is not what it thinks but what it sees.This public knows very well the distinction between wrestling and boxing; it knows that boxing is a Jansenist sport, based on a demonstration of excellence. One can bet on the outcome of a boxing-match: with wrestling, it wold make no sense. A boxing-match is a story which is constructed before the eyes of the spectator; in wrestling, on the contrary, it is each moment which is intelligible, not the passage of time. The spectator is not interested in the rise and fall of fortunes; he expects the transient image of certain passions. Wrestling therefore demands an immediate reading of the juxtaposed meanings, so that there is no need to connect them. The logical conclusion of the contest does not interest the wrestling-fan, while on the contrary a boxing-match always implies a science of the future. In other words, wrestling is a sum of spectacles, of which no single one is a function: each momentimposes the total knowledge of a passion which rises erect and alone, without ever extending to the crowning moment of a result.Thus the function of the wrestler is not to win: it is to go exactly through the motions which are expected of him. It is said that judo contains a hidden symbolic aspect; even inthe midst of efficiency, its gestures are measured, precise but restricted, drawn accurately but by a stroke without volume. Wrestling, on the contrary, offers excessive gestures, exploited to the limit of their meaning. In judo, a man who is down is hardly down at all, he rolls over, he draws back, he eludes defeat, or, if the latter is obvious, he immediately disappears; in wrestling, a man who is down is exaggeratedly so, and completely fills the eyes of the spectators with the intolerable spectacle of his powerlessness.This function of grandiloquence is indeed the same as that of the ancient theatre, whose principle, language and props (masks and buskins) concurred in the exaggeratedly visible explanation of a Necessity. The gesture of the vanquished wrestler signifying to the world a defeat which, far from disgusting, he emphasizes and holds like a pause in music, corresponds to the mask of antiquity meant to signify the tragic mode of the spectacle. In wrestling, as on the stage in antiquity, one is not ashamed of one's suffering, one knows how to cry, one has a liking for tears.Each sign in wrestling is therefore endowed with an absolute clarity, since one must always understand everything on the spot. As soon as the adversaries are in the ring, the public is overwhelmed with the obviousness of the roles. As in the theatre, each physical type expresses to excess the part which has been assigned to the contestant. Thauvin, afifty-year-old with an obese and sagging body, whose type of asexual hideousness always inspires feminine nicknames, displays in his flesh the characters of baseness, for his part is to represent what, in the classical concept of the salaud, the 'bastard' (the key-concept of any wrestling-match), appears as organically repugnant. The nausea voluntarily provoked by Thauvin shows therefore a very extended use of signs: not only is ugliness used here in order to signify baseness, but in addition ugliness is wholly gathered into a particularly repulsive quality of matter: the pallid collapse of dead flesh (the public calls Thauvin la barbaque, 'stinking meat'), so that the passionate condemnation of the crowd no longer stems from its judgment, but instead from the very depth of its humours. It will thereafter let itself be frenetically embroiled in an idea of Thauvin which will conform entirely with this physical origin: his actions will perfectly correspond to the essential viscosity of his personage.It is therefore in the body of the wrestler that we find the first key to the contest. I know from the start that all of Thauvin's actions, his treacheries, cruelties, and acts of cowardice, will not fail to measure up to the first image of ignobility he gave me; I can trust him to carry out intelligently and to the last detail all the gestures of a kind of amorp hous baseness, and thus fill to the brim the image of the most repugnant bastard there is: the bastard-octopus. [Barthes goes on to describe other 'character roles' in wrestling, comparing themto stock characters in the Italian tradition of Commedia dell'Arte.] Wrestling is like a diacritic writing: above the fundamental meaning of his body, the wrestling arranges comments which are episodic but always opportune, and constantly help the reading of thefight by means of gestures, attitudes and mimicry which make the intention utterly obvious.Sometimes the wrestler triumphs with a repulsive sneer while kneeling on thegood sportsman; sometimes he gives the crowd a conceited smile whichforebodes an early revenge; sometimes, pinned to the ground, he hits the floorostentatiously to make evident to all the intolerable nature of his situation [. . .] [. . .]It is obvious that at such a pitch, it no longer matters whether the passion is genuine or not. What the public wants is the image of passion, not passion itself. There is no more a problem of truth in wrestling than in the theatre. In both, what is expected is the intelligible representation of moral situations which are usually private. [Barthes elaborates on this point, and again compares French wrestlers from the 1950s to characters in classical theater.]What is thus displayed for the public is the great spectacle of Suffering, Defeat, and Justice. Wrestling presents man's suffering with all the amplification of tragic masks. The wrestler who suffers in a hold which is reputedly cruel (an arm-lock, a twisted leg) offers an excessive portrayal of Suffering; like a primitive Pietà, he exhibits for all to see his face, exaggeratedly contorted by an intolerable affliction. It is obvious, of course, that in wrestling reserve would be out of place, since it is opposed to the voluntary ostentation of the spectacle, to this Exhibition of Suffering which is the very aim of the fight. This is why all the actions which produce suffering are particularly spectacular, like the gesture of a conjuror who holds out his cards clearly to the public. Suffering which appeared without intelligible cause would not be understood; a concealed action that was actually cruel would transgress the unwritten rules of wrestling [. . . .] What wrestlers call a hold, that is, any figure which allows one to immobilize the adversary indefinitely and to have him at one's mercy, has precisely the function of preparing in a conventional, therefore intelligible, fashion the spectacle of suffering, of methodically establishing the conditions of suffering. The inertia of the vanquished allows the (temporary) victor to settle in his cruelty and to convey to the public this terrifying slowness of the torturer: [. . .] wrestling is the only sport which gives such an externalized image of torture. But here again, only the image is involved in the game, and the spectator does not wish for the actual suffering of the contestant; he only enjoys the perfection of an iconography. It is not true that wrestling is a sadistic spectacle: it is only an intelligible spectacle.[Barthes discusses the forearm smash as a gesture signifying tragic catastrophe, then moves to the next major spectacle of wrestling: Defeat.] Deprived of all resilience, the wrestler's flesh is no longer anything but an unspeakable heap out on the floor, where it solicits relentless reviling and jubilation. [. . .] At other times, there is another ancient posture which appears in the coupling of the wrestlers, that of the suppliant who, at the mercy of his opponent, on bended knees, his arms raised above his head, is slowly brought down by the vertical pressure of the victor. In wrestling, unlike judo, Defeat is not a conventional sign, abandoned as soon as it is understood; it is not an outcome, but quite the contrary, it is a duration, a display, it takes up the ancient myths of public Suffering and Humiliation: the cross and the pillory. It is as if the wrestler is crucified in broad daylight and in the sight of all. I have heard it said of a wrestler stretched on the ground: 'He is dead,little Jesus, there, on the cross,' and these ironic words revealed the hidden roots of a spectacle which enacts the exact gestures of the most ancient purifications.But what wrestling is above all meant to portray is a purely moral concept: that of justice. The idea of 'paying' is essential to wrestling, and the crowd's 'Give it to him' means above all else 'Make him pay.' This is therefore, needless to say, an immanent justice. The baser the action of the 'bastard,' the more delighted the public is by the blow which he justly receives in return. If the villain - who is of course a coward - takes refuge behind the ropes, claiming unfairly to have a right to do so by a brazen mimicry, he is inexorably pursued there and caught, and the crowd is jubilant at seeing the rules broken for the sake of a deserved punishment. [. . .] Naturally, it is the pattern of Justice which matters here, much more than its content: wrestling is above all a quantitative sequence of compensations (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth). This explains why sudden changes of circumstances have in the eyes of wrestling habitueés a sort of moral beauty; they enjoy them as they would enjoy an inspired episode in a novel [. . . .]It is therefore easy to understand why out of five wrestling-matches, only about one is fair. One must realize, let it be repeated, that 'fairness' here is a role or a genre, as in the theatre: the rules do not at all constitute a real constraint; they are the conventional appearance of fairness. So that in actual fact a fair fight is nothing but an exaggeratedly polite one; the contestants confront each other with zeal, not rage [they don't keep pounding after the referee intervenes, etc.] One must of course understand here that all these polite actions are brought to the notice of the public by the most conventional gestures of fairness: shaking hands, raising the arms, ostensibly avoiding a fruitless hold which would detract from the perfection of the contest.Conversely, foul play exists only in its excessive signs: administering a big kick toone's beaten opponent, [. . .] taking advantage of the end of the round to rush treacherously at the adversary from behind, fouling him while the referee is not looking (a move which obviously only has any value or function because in fact half the audience can see it and get indignant about it). Since Evil is the natural climate of wrestling, a fair fight has chiefly the value of being an exception. It surprises the aficionado, who greets it when he sees it as an anachronism and a rather sentimental throwback to the sporting tradition ('Aren't they playing fair, those two'); he feels suddenly moved at the sight of the general kindness of the world, but would probably die of boredom and indifference if wrestlers did not quickly return to the orgy of evil which alone makes good wrestling.It has already been noted that in America wrestling represents a sort of mythological fight between Good and Evil (of a quasi-political nature, the 'bad' wrestler always being supposed to be a Red [Communist]). The process of creating heroes in French wrestling is very different, being based on ethics and not on politics. What the public is looking for here is the gradual construction of a highly moral image: that of the perfect 'bastard.' [Barthes goes into detail about the French 'model bastard.'][. . .] Wrestlers, who are very experienced, know perfectly how to direct the spontaneous episodes of the fight so as to make them conform to the image which thepublic has of the great legendary themes of its mythology. A wrestler can irritate or disgust, he never disappoints, for he always accomplishes completely, by a progressive solidification of signs, what the public expects of him. In wrestling, nothing exists except in the absolute, there is no symbol, no allusion, everything is presented exhaustively. Leaving nothing in the shade, each action discards all parasitic meanings and ceremonially offers to the public a pure and full signification, rounded like Nature. This grandiloquence is nothing but the popular and age-old image of the perfect intelligibility of reality. What is portrayed by wrestling is therefore an ideal understanding of things; it is the euphoria of men raised for a while above the constitutive ambiguity of everyday situations and placed before the panoramic view of a universal Nature, in which signs at last correspond to causes, without obstacle, without evasion, without contradiction.When the hero or the villain of the drama, the man who was seen a few minutes earlier possessed by moral rage, magnified into a sort of metaphysical sign, leaves the wrestling hall, impassive, anonymous, carrying a small suitcase and arm-in-arm with his wife, no one can doubt that wrestling holds the power of transmutation which is common to the Spectacle and to Religious Worship. In the ring, and even in the depths of their voluntary ignominy, wrestlers remain gods because they are, for a few moments, the key which opens Nature, the pure gesture which separates Good from Evil, and unveils the form of a Justice which is at last intelligible.-1957-Barthes, Roland. “The World of Wrestling.” Mythologies. Trans. Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. 15-25.。

我课堂的现状英语作文

我课堂的现状英语作文

我课堂的现状英语作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Sure, here's a snapshot of a hypothetical classroom situation in an English class, without using traditional connective phrases:1. (Vibrancy in the air)。

北岛诗歌英文版本

北岛诗歌英文版本

北岛诗歌英文版本北岛是中国现代诗人,他写过很多诗歌。

下面小编为大家带来关于北岛诗歌英文版本,我们一起来看看吧,喜欢北岛的你一定不要错过。

1风帆垂落。

The sails have been lowered.桅杆,这冬天的树木,A winter forest of masts,带来了意外的春光。

contains unexpected sights and sounds of Spring.2冬天的废墟,The ruins of a lighthouse,缅怀着逝去的光芒。

still hold the great beams from the past.你靠着残存的阶梯,You lean on the remaining stairs,在生锈的栏杆上,on the rusted banisters,敲出一个个单调的声响。

beating the same rhythm over and over.3正午的庄严中,In the dignity of high noon,阴影在选择落脚的地方。

our shadows look for temporary lodging.所有的角落,All over the place盐粒凝结昔日的寒冷,salt rock glistens, condensed and和一闪一闪的回忆之光。

sparkling with memories.4远方In the distance白茫茫。

there is a vast, white expanse.水平线The blue horizon这浮动的甲板,is like a moving deck.撒下多少安眠的网?How many nets have been cast?5头巾,A scarf,那只红色的鸟,like a red bird,在日本海上飞翔。

waves over the Sea of Japan.火焰的反光,It flings its imitation of fire,把和你分离的影子,投向不属于任何人的天幕上。

雷雨之神的外国诗歌

雷雨之神的外国诗歌

雷雨之神的外国诗歌After this stop, the summer season Then he waved away. It takes off its hat, A hundred dazzling pictures were taken overnight, Leave memories for the thunder. The lilac flower was eclipsed. At this time, the thunder is full of Electric light, cast away from the field, Light lights for Yuyu Qiong Building. When a burst of bad smile Rolling over the roof, The heavy rain is also like the lines of the charcoal strokes To on all the fences. Then there are the gaps of consciousness: Even the darkest corner of reason The lights were also bright, There, it was as bright as the day.过了这一站,夏天就挥手离去。

它摘下帽子,连夜拍下一百张眩目的照片,为雷声留下回忆。

丁香花黯然失色。

此时,雷鸣采来了满怀的电光,从田野抛开去,为玉宇琼楼点灯。

当一阵阵的坏笑在屋顶上滚动,大雨也像炭笔画出的线条隆重洒向所有的篱笆。

然后是一道道的意识空白:就连理智最阴暗的角落也照得灯火通明,那里,此时正亮如白昼。

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a r X i v :a s t r o -p h /0509231v 1 8 S e p 2005THE COLLIDING WINDS OF WR146:SEEING THE WORKSE.P.O’Connor 1,2,S.M.Dougherty 2,J.M.Pittard 3,P.M.Williams 41Physics Dept.,U.Prince Edward Island,Charlottetown,PEI.,Canada 2National Resarch Council,Herzberg Institute,DRAO.,Penticton,Canada 3Dept.Physics and Astonomy,U.Leeds,Leeds,UK.4Institute for Astronomy,U.Edinburgh,Scotland,UK.Abstract:WR146is a WC6+O8colliding-wind binary (CWB)system with thermal emission from the stellar winds of the two stars,and bright non-thermal emission from the wind-collision region (WCR)where the winds collide.We present high resolution radio observations from 1.4to 43GHz that give one of the best quality radio spectra of any CWB to date.Observations at 22GHz now span 8years,and reveal the proper motion of the system,allowing comparison of multi-epoch data.VLBI observations show the location of the WCR relative to the stellar components,from which the wind momentum ratio can be shown to be η=0.06±0.15.The radio spectrum and the spatial distribution of emission are modelled,and we determine the contribution of both stellar winds and the WCR to the observed emission.We show that our current models fail to account for the high frequency spectrum of WR146,and also produce too much emission far from the stagnation point of the wind collision.1ObservationsOn 2004October 1,WR 146was observed at 1.4,4.8,8.3,15,and 43GHz with the highest-resolution configuration of the Very Large Array (VLA)in conjunction with the Pie Town antenna of the Very Large Baseline Array (VLBA).Two components are observed at 15,22,and 43GHz.At 43GHz,the two sources are separated by 152±2mas (Fig.1-left).The northern component (N)has a predominately synchrotron spectrum at almost all frequencies,except at 43GHz where it is a combination of emission from the WCR and the O star stellar wind (see Fig.3).The southern source (S)has a thermal spectrum and we identify this as the wind from the WC6star (Dougherty et al.1996,2000),which STIS spectroscopy confirms is the spectral type of the southern component.WR146was also observed at 4.9GHz using the European VLBI Network (EVN)and the MERLIN array in the UK on 2001February 12.The EVN observation shows a bow-shaped arc of emission (Fig.1-centre),with a brightness temperature of 107K,which we identify as the WCR.Such a shape is consistent with the WCR “wrapping”around the star with the lower wind momentum,the northern O star (e.g.see Eichler &Usov 1993,Dougherty et al.2003).The EVN observations indicate the WR and O star are south and north of the WCR,consistentFigure1:(Left)WR146with VLA+PT at43GHz,with resolution of30mas.Two sources are clearly observed,with a separation of152±2mas.(Centre)EVN observation at5GHz with resolution of9mas.A bow-shaped region is observed as expected for a WCR.(Right)An overlay of the VLA43GHz(contours)with the EVN(greyscale)5-GHz emission shown.The proper motion of the source between the observations has been taken into account.The stellar positions are marked,as deduced from HST observations,with a separation of168mas.with previous suggestions(Dougherty et al.1996,2000;L´e pine et al.2001).MERLIN also detects only the WCR.2Proper MotionIn order to align correctly radio images of any stellar source obtained at widely separated epochs it is necessary to know the proper motion of the source.In addition to the VLA observations from2004,WR146was also observed at22GHz with the VLA on1996October26and1999 August26.Each of these observations was phase-referenced using the same quasar,J2007+404, and the change in the relative position of WR146and J2007+404can be determined over the 8years of observations.A weighted regressionfit to the relative positions of WR146leads to a proper motion ofµα=−3.65±0.17andµδ=−6.46±0.40mas yr−1.3Component separation and wind-momentum ratioBy observing the relative position of the stars and the WCR(located around the stagnation point of the two stellar winds),we can determine the wind-momentum ratioη.After taking account of the proper motion,a comparison of the EVN and VLA observations reveal the position of the WCR relative to the WR star,with a separation of135±6mas.From Niemela et al.(1998),the HST observed a separation of168±31mas between the WR and O stars. Taking the uncertainty of the location of the stagnation point as the half-width of the WCR as detected by the EVN,wefindη=0.06±0.15.The bulk of the error is due to the uncertainty of the stellar separation(±31mas).4Modelling the SpectrumWe have modelled the radio emission from WR146using a hydro-dynamical model of the density and pressure distribution of a colliding-wind system and solving the radiative transferF l u x (m J y )Frequency (GHz)1 10 100F l u x (m J y )Frequency (GHz)Figure 2:Comparison of observations and two model spectra of WR146.Solid squares mark the total flux from N+S (327MHz datum from Taylor et al.(1996)),solid circles the flux from N and open circles that from S.Best-fit models of the emission from component N (synchrotron -dotted;thermal -lower dot-dashed;synchrotron+thermal -dashed)and the thermal emission from S (higher dot-dashed)are shown.The total flux from N+S is shown by the solid line.The two models presented are where the high frequency synchrotron spectrum is determined by IC cooling (left)or the high energy cutoffof the shock accelerated electrons (right).equation for thermal and magneto-bremsstrahlung emission and absorption,as well accounting for the Razin effect,inverse-Compton (IC)and Coulomb cooling (Dougherty et al.2003,Pittard et al.2005).The model successfully recovers the total flux up to 8.3GHz.At higher frequencies the fit is less convincing,due to a poor model of component N.Either the 43-GHz flux is overestimated or the 15and 22-GHz fluxes are underestimated (see Fig.2).These problems can be resolved if the synchrotron spectrum steepens around ∼22GHz.5Simulated observationsUsing the model parameters derived from the spectrum we can generate synthetic images of WR146,using the AIPS routine UVCON.This allows us to “observe”our model (Fig.3),and impose constraints on the model from the spatial distribution of the model emission.The similarities between the synthetic images and the observations is remarkable,particularly at 43GHz.Clearly,the 43-GHz emission is a combination of O-star stellar wind and WCR emission -its peak is not located at either the contact discontinuity or the stellar position,but between parison with Fig.1(left)suggests the emission from N is too extended,both E-W and N-S.The EVN model image also reveals the spatial distribution of the model emission is too wide.We conclude that the model produces too much emission far from the stagnation point of the WCR.Our models also show that deducing the location of the stagnation point from observations is complicated by the relative brightness of the WR and O-star shocked plasma in the WCR.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the National Research Council of Canada,and the University of Prince Edward Island Co-op programme.JMP acknowledges gratefully funding from the Royal Society.The observations were obtained from the Very Large Array,operated by theFigure3:Simulated observations of WR146at43GHz with the VLA+PT(left),and at4.9 GHz with the EVN(right).The input43-GHz model is based on the model from Fig.2(right), and the EVN model from Fig.2(left).The crosses mark the relative location of the two stars as determined by HST pare the left-handfigure to Fig.1(left).The EVN observation and simulated data are superimposed for a clear comparison.National Radio Astronomy Observatory,and the MERLIN array,operated by the University of Manchester on behalf of PPARC.The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of European, Chinese,South African and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils.ReferencesDougherty,S.M.,Beasley,A.J.,Claussen,M.J.,&Zauderer,B.A.,Bolingbroke,N.J.2005,ApJ,623,447Dougherty,S.M.,Pittard,J.M.,Kasian,L.,Coker,R.F.,Williams,P.M.,&Lloyd,H.M.2003,A&A,409,217Dougherty,S.M.,Williams,P.M.,&Pollacco,D.L.2000,MNRAS,316,143Dougherty,S.M.,Williams,P.M.,van der Hucht,K.A.,Bode,M.F.,&Davis,R.J.1996,MNRAS,280,963Eichler,D.&Usov,V.1993,ApJ,402,271L´e pine,S..,Wallace,D.,Shara,M.M.,Moffat,A.F.J.,&Niemela,V.S.2001,AJ,122, 3407Niemela,V.S.,Shara,M.M.,Wallace,D.J.,Zurek,D.R.,&Moffat,A.F.J.1998,AJ, 115,2047Pittard,J.M.,Dougherty,S.M.,Coker,R.,O’Connor,E.,&Bolingbroke,N.J.2005, A&A,submittedTaylor,A.R.,Goss,W.M.,Coleman,P.H.,van Leeuwen,J.,&Wallace,B.J.1996, ApJS,107,239。

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