(完整版)状语从句(完整归纳)
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状语从句
一.分类:
种类连接词注意区别:
时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly
/until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when/directly
/no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately
有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从
句:the minute, the moment, every time, the first time
例:The moment he reached the country, he started his
search. 他一到达这个国家,就开始他的探寻工作。
有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句:
directly
例:Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.
校长一进来,大家就安静下来
as和when、while:
as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于
主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as
或while。从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用
when 或while。
till/until和not…till/until:
Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
地点
状语
where//wherever where,表示某一个;wherever,表示任何一个。
原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for
because和since、for、as、now that:
because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why
提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就
用as或since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末,
且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明
直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。now
that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的,since
可以是现在,也可以是过去和现在。
条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that
多用一般时态,如果表示一般将来的情况,就用一般现
在时,如果表示过去将来的情况,就用一般过去时。
目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would
等情态动词
结果状语so…that, such…that
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,
修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或
副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much,
little连用,形成固定搭配。
比较
状语
Than/a s…as,not so/as…as/the more…the more
方式
状语
as if, as though, as, (just)as---so,as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。
让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/as,no matter
what/who/which/how/when,whatever/whoever
/whichever/however/whenever ,whether---or---(不管
----都)
as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和though
用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用
时间状语从句:
when (当……的时候) while (在……期间) as (当……的时候, 一边……一边……)
before (在……之前) since (自从……以来) till/until (直到) hardly…when… (刚……就)
as soon as (一……就……)after (在……之后) not…till/until(直到……才)no sooner…than…(
刚……就)
地点状语从句:where (在那里) wherever(无论哪里)
原因状语从句:because (因为) since (因为,既然) as (由于) for (为了) now that(既然)
目的状语从句:(so)that=in order that(以便)so as (not)to (以便[不])in case(以免)lest(以免)结果状语从句:so+adj./adv.+that(如此……以致)so that(结果……)
such+n.+that(如果……以致)that(所以,因此)
让步状语从句:though/although不可同but连用。
though/although (虽然)however (可是)even though(即使)even if (即使)
no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever
(不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时)
比较状语从句:as (正如)as…as(和……一样)not as/so … as (不如……)than(比……更)the+比较级…+the+比较级(越……越……)
条件状语从句:if(假设)unless(如果不)so long as(只要)on condition that (如果)
方式状语从句:as(像……那样地)just as(正像)as if(好像)as though(好像)
二.各种状语从句的简化方法:
状语从句由when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句当主句的主语和
从句的主语一致
时,且谓语动词为
be,常省略从句的
主语和谓语be.
祥解请
看《状语
从句》由if/unless引导的条件状语从句
由though/although/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
由because引导的原因状语从句
由wherever引导的地点状语从句
1.以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。例:After she sang,she left the rich man's house.= After singing,she left the rich man's house.
2.以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语,此时的动词为非延续性动词。
例:Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.
= Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village.
3.时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,有时可简化为不定式作状语。
例:She stopped when she saw her husband.= She stopped to see her husband.
If you want to understand the farmers,you must go to the countryside.
= To understand the farmers,you must go to the countryside.
4.结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化为不定式作状语;若两者主语不一致时,
则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。
例:He was so tied that he couldn't go any further.= He was too tied to go any further.
I came here so that I could ask some questions.= I came here(in order) to ask some questions.
5.以when,while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。
例:When he turned on the radio,he found it broken.= When turning on the radio,he found it broken.
While she was walking along the street,she was hit by a car.= While walking along the street,she was hit by a car.
6.原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。
例:Since l didn't know Chinese,I tried to speak to her in English.= Not knowing Chinese,I tried to speak to her in English.
注意:形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语,来代替原因状语从句,放在句首、句末均可,但一般应加逗号。
例:As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea-house.
= Thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea-house.
7.在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语不一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也
可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。
例:When the film start appeared, the children got exited.= The film start appearing,the children got exited.