《新视野英语教程(第三版)》教学资源book4Unit10-Section B

put… to the sword: （用剑或刀）杀死
e.g. - They took the fortress and put the garrison to the sword. 他们占领要塞，杀死驻军。
年青勇敢的士兵杀死了这些叛军。 - The brave soldiers put these rebels to the sword.
Para. 1-3
Para. 4&5
Alcohol in Russia The consumption of alcohol in Russia was traditionally high. Invoices from stores did not paint an accurate picture of consumption levels, though, as many people made their own alcohol at home. Today, in Russia, it is still difficult to know for certain how many people are dependent on alcohol. In recent years, as well, European and American brands of alcohol have become symbols of a better lifestyle, as advertising now links alcohol with freedom and social success.
Intensive Reading Addiction Around the World
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently addressed the disastrous effects of various addictions—tobacco, alcohol, and drugs—in different parts of the world. Tobacco use Smoking—the cause of about three million deaths every year—is especially risky in poor countries. Very poor people often use tobacco to put their appetite to the sword or to stop their pain. For people who already have little iron in their food, though, the tobacco further reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen. However, governments in some countries don't often like to deny poor people the small pleasure of smoking tobacco. According to WHO, tobacco consumption has remained high worldwide.
other countries came to settle. Many have since worked
long and hard with their governments to preserve their lands and unique cultures.
Para. 10&11
Most indigenous groups hold in common the use of
natural substances for medicinal and religious purposes. Among North American Indians, for instance, hallucinogens—most often found in places with a lot of moisture—have been widely used to help people communicate with the "spirit world". Within these cultures, however, strict traditional laws
regulate: vt. (以规章制度) 控制；管理
e.g. - There are strict rules regulating the use of
chemicals in food.
有严格的规定限制在食品中使用化学制品。
他管理着一所学校。
- He regulated a school.
smuggling: n. [U] 走私
Para. 6&7
Addiction among street children
In much of th cities are
growing, but not the economy, there are increasing numbers of street children. These children, some as young as six, use substances like glue, that change the normal functioning of the brain. Glue is cheaply available and provides a "rapid high"—like several volts of electricity through the body— when children breathe it in through a tube from a plastic bag.
appetite: n. [C, U] 胃口；食欲
e.g. - He has suffered a loss of appetite recently.
他最近没有食欲。
饭前吃一个苹果可以增强食欲。
- An apple before dinner gives you a good appetite.
Addiction Around the World
CONTENTS
Introduction
The text is about the addictions. An introduction of the
present situation and disastrous effects of various addiction in different part of the world is also given. From the text, we can know that the WHO has recommended better program to help the people in trouble.
preserve: vt. 保护；维护；保存
e.g. - They collect funds to preserve the historic buildings. 他们筹集资金保护这些历史建筑。
这些传统习俗应该保存。
- The traditional customs should be preserves.
have helped to regulate the use of such substances. Yet,
as global development occurs, and drug smuggling increases, alcohol and drugs are finding their ways into
Para. 8&9
Substances used by indigenous people There are an estimated 300 million indigenous people in over 70 countries that live on their traditional lands. They are referred to as "indigenous peoples" because they were living on their lands long before people from
addition: n. [C, U] 成瘾； 沉溺； 癖好
e.g. – There is a growing problem of drug addiction in some cities.
在一些城市，吸毒成瘾是个日益严重的问题。
他上网成瘾令父母十分不安。 - His addiction to the Internet is upsetting his parents.
these communities, often with very serious consequences.
Para. 12&13
The methods used to help people with addictions in developed countries may not be effective in all cultures. The WHO recently recommends the use of specific programs for specific groups. To help street children, for example, the WHO recommends a program with three steps: in the first step, a new type of professional, called a "street educator", makes contact with street children, becomes their friend, and helps them to establish trust in the adult world. This step may take six to nine months, or more; in the second step, the children go to a diagnostic center where their physical, psychological, and social problems can be studied, and a plan to help them can be established. This may take a week; then, finally, the children go to a center for medical and social assistance, which may take nine months or more. As it seems likely that the development of addictions is only going to increase, such programs will, without a doubt, become more and more important.