【2012考研必备资料】张剑考研英语模拟题2
2012年考研英语（二）真题及答案
Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol o f American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and wome n who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown i nto hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuc k it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not s omeone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 1 0) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13) portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what town s were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willieǁ cartoons of famed Stars and Strip es artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldi er,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point Section II Resdiong Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most r ecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortun ately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the excepti on of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a st udent‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensiv e equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do the ir homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implicati on that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without com pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empo wering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, acro ss-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about hom ework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achieve ment, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for al most nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsi ble for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right. 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____. [A] is receiving more criticism [B]is no longer an educational ritual [C]is not required for advanced courses [D]is gaining more preferences 22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____ _. [A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education [B]have asked for a different educational standard [C]may have problems finishing their homework [D]have voiced their complaints about homework 23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____. [A]discourage students from doing homework [B]result in students' indifference to their report cards [C]undermine the authority of state tests [D]restrict teachers' power in education 24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whe ther______. [A] it should be eliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades 25.A suitable title for this text could be______. [A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]A Faulty Approach to Homework Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet i t is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsicall y bad, but it is s uch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocen ce. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests. Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children w ere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought ofas gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consid ered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strengt h. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences becamea dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it bega n to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they sstepping stoneǁ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was hould create a ―third s tepping only after ―toddlerǁbecame a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist. 26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______. [A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood [B]should not be associated with girls' innocence [C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination [D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests 27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours? [A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA. [B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls. [C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. [D]White is prefered by babies. 28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wa s much influenced by_____. [A]the marketing of products for children [B]the observation of children's nature [C]researches into children's behavior [D]studies of childhood consumption 29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____. [A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]classify consumers into smaller groups [D]create some common shoppers' terms 30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____. [A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency [B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers [C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted by psychological experts Text3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledt hatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisatio n(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystepǁinalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecis ion,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbr eastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpati entsalike. Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneis aproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcas e,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecot tonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.ǁDespitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhet herthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemayyetreac htheSupremeCourt. AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater p anies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for c orrelations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s effic acy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaainshanssauer,alawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the May o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a co nvention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed. 31.itcanbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like----- A.their executives to be active B.judges to rule out gene patenting C.genes to be patcntablc D.the BIO to issue a warning 32.those who are against gene patents believe that---- A.genetic tests are not reliable B.only man-made products are patentable C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests 33.according to hanssauer ,companies are eager to win patents for---- A.establishing disease comelations B.discovering gene interactions C.drawing pictures of genes D.identifying human DNA meeting was packedǁ(line4,para6)the author means that ----- 34.By saying ―each m eeting A.thesupreme court was authoritative B.the BIO was a powerful organization C.gene patenting was a great concern wyers were keen to attend conventiongs 35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is---- A.critical B.supportive C.scornful D.objective Text 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginni ng. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. A nd ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our soci ety for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic d isaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in som e ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave socie ty better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy r iches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues thatboth inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opport unities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, th e economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recessi on see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairl y quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely h ow these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of n ational polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend. find silver liningsǁ(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless 36.By saying ―to f ind try to___. [A]seek subsidies from the govemment [B]explore reasons for the unermployment [C]make profits from the troubled economy [D]look on the bright side of the recession 37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____. [A]realize the national dream [B]struggle against each other [C]challenge their lifestyle [D]reconsider their lifestyle 38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____. [A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants [B]bring out more evils of human nature [C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms [D]ease conflicts between races and classes 39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____. [A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities [B]catch up quickly with experienced employees [C]see thei r life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others 40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____. [A]certain Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the leftcolumn that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10 points) history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bott ―Universal h istory, om the History of the Great Men who have worked here,ǁ wrote the Victorian sage Tho mas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This coul d be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about ho w we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more inte rested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting theexemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was th e biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as t he skills of successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadi ng painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self -Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolut e working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many char acter, exhibit,"wroteSmiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as bea cons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epo chal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It i s is man, real, living man who does all that.ǁ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. Fo make their own history, but they do not make it just as the y please; they do not r:―Men m ake make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.ǁThis was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. His tory from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understa nding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpickedthe multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. [A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. 41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. 42. NiccoloMachiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. 43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. 44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. 45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANS WER SHEET2.(15 points) When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Bri tian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates . Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are p articularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor c ountries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled w orkers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make . Section IV Writing Part A 47.Directions Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bou ght from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to 1)make a complaint and 2)demand a prompt solution You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhangwei "instead . 48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should 1)describe the table ,and 2)give your comments You should write at least 150 words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33．3% 41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0% 大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0% 完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D TEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D TEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C TEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D TEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A 新题型：41-45：AFGCE 小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame, As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to exp ress my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day. The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I fou nd that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the a ppearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the a dvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have n ot kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures sho uld be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either se nd a new one to me or refund me my money in full. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei [B]positive [C]trivial [D]destructive 。
2016张剑考研英语模拟题答案
2016张剑考研英语模拟题答案篇一：2012张剑考研英语模拟题及答案2012考研必备资料张剑考研英语模拟题第二套试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Valentine’s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. __1__ the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called __2__ the god Lupercus to help them. A festivalin his __3__ was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the __4__ of the girls were written on __5__ of paper and placed in jars. Each young man __6__ a slip. The girl whose name was __7__ was to be his sweetheart for the year.Legend __8__ it that the holiday became Valentine’s Day __9__ a Roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II __10__ the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would __11__ stay home than fight. When Valentine __12__ the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the__13__ of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a __14__. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th—Valentine’s Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine __15__ of Lupercus.Valentine’s Day has become a major __16__ of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his __17__ into a lover’s heart may still be used to __18__ falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this. __19__ to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine’s Day can sometimes be as __20__ as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.1.［A］ While2.［A］ upon3.［A］ honor5.［A］ rolls6.［A］ cast7.［A］ given8.［A］ tells9.［A］ after11.［A］ other ［B］ When ［B］ back ［B］ belief ［B］secrets ［B］ piles ［B］ caught ［B］ chosen ［B］ means ［B］ since ［B］ pleaded ［B］ simply［B］ defied ［C］ Though ［C］ off ［C］ hand ［C］names ［C］ works ［C］ drew ［C］ elected ［C］ makes ［C］as［D］ Unless ［D］ away ［D］ way ［D］ intentions ［D］slips ［D］ found ［D］ delivered ［D］ has ［D］ from ［D］believed ［D］ all ［D］ dishonored ［D］ eve 4.［A］ problems 10.［A］ ordered 12.［A］ disliked ［C］ envisioned ［C］rather ［C］ defeated 13.［A］ celebration ［B］ arrangement ［C］ feast14.［A］ goat16.［A］ part17.［A］ story ［B］ saint ［B］ made ［B］ wander［B］ require ［C］ model ［C］ instead ［C］ arrow ［C］demand ［D］ weapon ［D］ learnt ［D］ symbol ［D］ play ［D］alert［D］ Forgetting［D］ retorting 15.［A］ because ［B］ representative ［C］ judgement 18.［A］ portray 19.［A］ Keeping ［B］ Disapproving［C］ Supporting 20.［A］ constructive ［B］ damaging ［C］ reinforcing答案1. B11. C总体分析本文介绍了情人节的由来。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考研英语二真题
2012 年考研英语二真题（完整版）Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens ofbattle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States ha s 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary ofstate Joe。
2012考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解（2）
2012考研《英语》基础阶段模拟试题及详解（2） 1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。
2.试卷后⾯附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points) 1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple 2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio. [A] amplify [B] enlarge [C] magnify [D] reinforce 3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer. [A] surroundings [B] settings [C] circumstances [D] environments 4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man. [A] cancelled [B] abolished [C] refused [D] rejected 5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles. [A] assert [B] impart [C] ascertain [D] notify 6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school. [A] proves [B] certifies [C] secures [D] approves 7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft. [A] restrictively [B] radically [C] inclusively [D] exclusively 8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce. [A] happen [B] take place [C] occur [D] run 9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom. [A] expelled [B] propelled [C] repelled [D] dispelled 10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth. [A] credible [B] credulous [C] incredulous [D] incredible 11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____. [A] future [B] possibility [C] ability [D] opportunity 12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road. [A] density [B] intensity [C] popularity [D] prosperity 13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country. [A] transferred [B] transported [C] transformed [D] transmitted 14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____. [A] disposition [B] deficit [C] defect [D] discrepancy 15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system. [A] initiate [B] initial [C] initiative [D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. [A] cover [B] change [C] differ [D] range 17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty 18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention 19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded 20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect Section II Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected. Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way. 21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical 22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily 23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with 24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark 25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental 26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing 27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to 28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about 29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance 30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality 31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter 32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake 33. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events 34. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill 35. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply 36. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where 37. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole 38. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate 39. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess 40. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving。
2012考研英语二真题及参考答案
2012考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)来源：海天考研发布时间：2012-01-07 [新浪官方微博]大家在关注：·【首发】2014考研真题及答案解析：政治英语数学专业课2012考研真题解析专题政治真题答案英语真题答案数学真题答案专业课真题答案Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow–and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point Section II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportan t to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then i t presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutraldresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifyin g age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research in to children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a br oadly accepted developmentalstage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a ―preliminary step‖ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule ―is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ‖Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By s aying ―to find silver linings‖(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story ofthe masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of ithad been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei。
考研命题人张剑解析考研真题
考研命题人张剑解析考研真题考研命题人张剑解析2012年考研真题第一部分：英语知识运用(选择填空)2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题分析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.…1.［A］emphasize ［B］maintain ［C］modify ［D］recognize2.［A］ when ［B］ lest ［C］ before ［D］ unless3.［A］restored ［B］weakened ［C］established ［D］eliminated…【答案解析】1. 答案：B 【考点：动词辨析】分析：句子相关部分提到：法院无法……它作为法治卫士的合法性。
需要判断什么动词能够参与“合法性”搭配。
四个选项是［A］emphasize(强调)，［B］maintain(维护，维持)，［C］modify(修改)，［D］recognize(认识，辨认出)。
2012年考研英语(二)问题详解及解析汇报
2012考研英语二答案详解\1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B空信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A 本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。
4.【答案】A necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。
Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A 该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C 空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。
Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。
10.【答案】B结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。
2012年考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
英语二真题：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.(19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each textby choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even manyparents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. Schooldistricts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, arerevising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with theexception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for morethan 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students fromimpoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework shouldbe assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But ifthe district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do theirhomework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily closeto the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat ofschooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. Butwith homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students caneasily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on theirreport cards. Some students might do well on state tests withoutcompleting their homework, but what about the students who performed wellon the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homeworkhelped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best fortheir students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thornyquestions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportantto its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved i nto a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'paniesh adwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpa tentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrga nisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtove rturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatent stotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.Thechiefexecuti veofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatients alike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswi llremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotb epatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents' monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberse styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogen etictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,a rguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparated fromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexam ple,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsof individualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduatinginto a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE 翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012考研英语二真题及答案
2012考研英语二真题及答案2012年的考研英语二试题是许多考生备战考研的重要参考资料之一。
下面将为大家提供该年份的试题和答案。
阅读理解部分Passage 1Stress is a universal problem and psychological stress is recognized as an important factor in causing heart disease. But the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are not clearly understood.In certain animals stress leads to an increase in the size of the adrenal glands. If this happens to young rats, they develop high blood pressure that lasts throughout their lives. In one study, rats that had been made emotionally upset by receiving a series of electric shocks as they tried to climb out of a pool of water were found to have high adrenal hormone levels.A group of similar rats that did not receive the shocks did not have raised hormone levels. Further studies showed that the adrenal hormones impaireda certain type of cells which line the blood vessels. It may be, therefore, that the blood vessels of the emotionally upset rats do not function correctly, allowing high blood pressure to develop. So far, however, nothing certain is known about this.According to the passage, the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are ____.【A】 well understood【B】 not understandable【C】 not quite clear【D】 completely unknown【答案】C【解析】根据原文第一段"But the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are not clearly understood."可以得出答案。
2012考研英语(二)模拟考试卷三答案
2012年考研英语（二）模拟题（三）答案Section I Use of English1.［C］本题考查名词的词义辨析。
空格处填入的名词与growth搭配，由上下文语义可知，此处表达的含义是"铁路业没有令人振奋的发展前景"，Prospect"景色，前景，期望"指的是possibility of advancement or success。
所以［C］项正确。
perspective做可数名词时多指viewpoint（态度，观点），如You have the wrong perspective on this situation（对于那个情势的未来发展，你的看法是错的）。
outlook用作"前景"讲时用单数形式，如the outlook for economic growth（经济发展的前景）。
spectacle"景象，奇观，场面，眼镜"，如 A quarrel between drunken women is an unpleasant spectacle（喝醉酒的女人吵架是个丑恶的场面）。
2.［A］本题考查通过上下文选择适当的副词的能力。
空格处的副词修饰的动作是use real-estate assets in and around train stations（利用车站内部及周围的房地产）。
由上下文可知，该举动是有创造性的，所以才会引起人们的关注，因此［A］项creatively"创造性地"正确。
originally"最初，原先，新颖地",如The apartmentwas decorated quite originally（这套公寓装饰的十分别致）；authentically"确实地，真正地，逼真地"，其形容词形式为authentic，如DiMaggio was an authentic folk hero（迪马乔是一位真正的民间英雄）；initially"最初，开头"，如His response was initially adamant（他的反应开始很强硬）。
考研英语二2012年真题
考研英语二2012年真题Passage 1Nowadays, more and more students in China choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination, commonly known as the "gaokao". Millions of students participate in this exam every year, hoping to pursue further studies in prestigious universities and increase their career prospects. In the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Language, the Reading Comprehension section presented various thought-provoking passages and questions. Let's delve into the exam and explore its implications.The first passage in the exam focused on the impact of smartphones on people's lives. The passage discussed how smartphones, while bringing convenience, also posed challenges to individuals' attention spans and productivity. It highlighted the need for individuals to manage their phone usage and find a balance between online and offline activities. The subsequent questions tested students' comprehension and interpretation skills.Passage 2The second passage delved into the phenomenon of rising income inequality in developed countries. It elaborated on the factors contributing to this inequality, including technological advancements and globalization. The questions that followed assessed students' ability to analyze and evaluate the author's arguments and evidence. This passage prompted students to reflect on the implications of income inequality on society and possible solutions.Passage 3The third passage tackled the controversial topic of genetic engineering. It discussed both the potential benefits and ethical concerns surrounding this field of study. The questions that accompanied this passage challenged students to think critically and develop their own stance on the issue. This passage allowed students to explore the ethical considerations associated with scientific advancements.Passage 4The fourth passage focused on the importance of cultural preservation. It detailed the threats faced by cultural heritage sites and stressed the need for individuals and governments to take action to protect them. The questions that followed required students to analyze the author's viewpoints and propose effective measures to safeguard cultural heritage. This passage encouraged students to think about the role of cultural preservation in maintaining a society's identity.Passage 5The final passage examined the concept of sustainable development and its significance in today's world. It discussed the challenges faced in achieving sustainability and explored various approaches to address them. The accompanying questions evaluated students' grasp of sustainable development principles and their ability to propose feasible solutions. This passage prompted students to ponder the responsibility of individuals and governments in creating a sustainable future.The 2012 English Language postgraduate entrance exam demanded a deep understanding of various complex topics and the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information effectively. It challenged students tothink critically, form their own opinions, and communicate them clearly. Mastering these skills is crucial for success not only in academic settings but also in professional and personal endeavors.In conclusion, the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Language tested students' comprehension, critical thinking, and analytical skills through thought-provoking passages and associated questions. It served as a platform to assess students' abilities to comprehend and articulate ideas effectively, which are essential for their future academic and professional pursuits. By engaging with these passages and questions, students were invited to explore a broad range of topics and develop a deeper understanding of various global issues.。
2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析汇总12
年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析汇总小结) 按大纲规定，阅读部分篇文章总字数为左右.本卷阅读试题总字数为，后两篇难度较大，完全符合年试题地命题趋势.) 从本卷篇文章地题材来看，第篇关于文化，第篇关于英国工会及其权力，第篇关于文学批评，第篇关于美国少数民族企业.可见，其题材与历届考题地题材基本一致.) 从本卷篇文章地题目类型来看，有细节理解题、细节辨认题、词汇释义题、总结归纳题、推理判断题、逻辑结构题和全文主旨题.与年试题类型相一致.) “阅读理解”解题时间通常为—分钟.考生应根据实际情况调整好解题时间.要牢记先易后难!) 解题方法：先浏览第段，尽可能找到全文主题信息词.然后扫描第题，划出题干中地信息词，到相应段落中寻找相关地信息词，划出信息词、搜索目标信息，比对个选项，排除干扰项，确定正确答案.其他题以此类推.如题目顺序与段落顺序不一致，要以变应变、机动灵活.本文论述人类生活节奏地加快深刻地影响了社会上不同群体地人，从而产生所谓“过去地人”、“现在地人”和“将来地人”.本文共段，其中两段在文章中地位置已经给出，分别是篇首和篇尾.. [答案] [][注释] 第段[]告诉我们：“普通老百姓常常在评论生活节奏.然而，奇怪地是，生活节奏几乎并没有受到心理学家或社会学家地注意.这是行为科学中引起分裂地弊病，因为生活节奏深刻地影响着行为，从而引发了来自不同人地强烈地、不同地反应.” []选项符合第段思路地自然延续.因为它写道：“实际上，我们可以毫不过分地说，生活节奏在人类中划了一条分界线，把我们分成不同地阵营，引发了父子之间、美国主要广告公司地做法和小城镇实利主义社会之间、男子与女子之间、美国人与欧洲人之间、东西方之间令人伤心地误解.”可见，两段之间地逻辑联系是递进关系，即第段进一步说明生活节奏产生地影响.. [答案] [][注释] []段继续论述地球上地居住者不仅由种族、国家、宗教或思想来划分，而且在某种意义上由某时段所处地地位来划分.接着谈到地球上仍有一小部分人以狩猎和觅食为生;而其他大部分人则靠农业而生.这两部分人总计约占人口地.他们是过去地人.. [答案] [][注释] 接着通过“ (对照之下)”引出了另外地人，他们生活在工业化地社会里，过着现代生活.他们实际上是现代地人.故应选[].第段与第段是对比两代人.考生解题时要注意关键信息词地连结：———— .. [答案] [][注释] [] 段一开头就讲到剩下地或地地球人口，他们是将来地人.他们是未来全世界地超级工业社会地最早公民并正在为自己地降临而奋斗.可见[]段与上文在逻辑上是连贯地、一致地.. [答案] [][注释] [] 段讲到将来地人与现在地人和过去地人之间地区别所在.可以肯定，将来地人比人类大多数人更富裕、受教育程度更高、流动性更大，而且活得更长.通过“”从另一个侧面来描绘将来地人：他们已经被困在新地、节奏更快地生活中.他们比他们周围地人“生活得更快”.最后一段[]写道：“有些人特别喜欢这种高度加速地生活节奏，不愿阻碍这种生活节奏地来临，当节奏减慢时，他们就感到焦虑、紧张或不舒服.他们拼命地要到‘有活力地地.”以上是本段地论点;接着通过提供了论据，即认为，喜欢快速生活节奏是广泛宣传地“人才外流”地潜在驱动力之一.所谓“人才外流”就是欧洲地科学家和技术人员大批流向美国和加拿大.下文中地指代前面地.小结. 选择搭配题地考点是：) 语段结构：段首句、扩展句和结论句之间在逻辑上地一致性.) 语篇结构：起、承、转、合.段落与段落之间语篇结构地连贯性.) 逻辑结构：语段内论点与论据地逻辑一致性.小标题与段落内容在逻辑上地一致性.. 选择搭配题地解题思路是：) 第一种题型：浏览全文、把握主题，分段解题、关键信息词连结，针对题目、各个突破. ) 第二种题型：吃透第一段，注意段落结尾句和段首句地承上启下功能，狠抓段落与段落之间联系地形态标志(信息词)和逻辑衔接，先慢后快.) 第三种题型：把握语段内论点与论据地一致性.) 第四种题型：浏览段落，把握小标题与段落在内容上地一致性.. 解题时间：分钟左右.. [答案]如今地科学技术中一种新地现象是，科学研究越来越朝着“有指导地”或“有计划地”趋势发展，也就是说，这种研究地范围和目标是由私人或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先确定地.[注释] “名词同位语定语从句”是英语中常见地句式.. [答案]然而，科学家虽然常常在设备不足、不尽如人意地实验室工作，可是却能自由地选择他所喜欢地研究课题，因为不存在科学家必须服从地事先决定了地研究项目.[注释] 是定语从句，修饰先行词. 是定语从句，修饰先行词. 意为“服从;遵守”.. [答案]随着本世纪时间地推移，欲待解决地问题与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化.这一切在许多情况下使单个科学家无法处理进行精确而高效研究所需要地大量新资料、新技术和新设备.[注释] 是形式宾语， . . 是带逻辑主语地动词不定式作实际宾语. 引导定语从句，修饰前面三个并列地名词.. [答案]由于涉及大笔科研经费，因此有必要把这些人力和物力投入到目标明确地具体研究领域.. [答案]因此，科学家不断从理论科学研究领域转移到应用科学研究领域，因为后者能提供比在大学做纯理论研究工作更多地工作机会，而且通常待遇更优厚，技术设施更好.[注释] ...是后置定语，修饰前面地名词.小结按考试大纲地要求，英译汉短文总字数约字.划线句子地总字数为字左右.英译汉解题时间一般为分钟左右.本文字，个划线句子地总长度略长，但句子结构地难度一般.年英译汉难度适中.编者估计年英译汉试题难度与年基本上保持一致.Ⅲ. 投诉信[参考样文],. . .. , . , . ..,()[分析] 书信类应用文包括介绍信、推荐信、请求信、求职信、投诉信、建议信、道歉信、劝告信、拒绝信、邀请信等.考研英语书信类应用文地格式要求如下：. 称呼 (). 正文 (). 结尾套话 ( ). 签名 ()考研英语书信类应用文不要求考生写信头、信内地址及写信时间.个人签名统一用“李明( )”这个名字.字数要求在字左右.. 议论文[参考样文]. . , , . , .. , . , . . .() . , . , ., . , , . ( )注：失去理智并误入歧途. 出现....把…与…等同起来.参考译文：金钱一直是有些人所渴望地对象.确实，大多数人通过努力工作来获取财富.但是，正如此图所示，也有那么一些人整天梦想发财.金钱已经成了他们地精神负担，使他们焦虑和沮丧.这幅画确实发人深省.毫无疑问，财富会带来幸福，尤其在现代社会里.各种现代化地家用电器、时装和娱乐项目层出不穷、日新月异.所有这些奇迹使我们地生活更为舒适、更加丰富多彩.但是，物质舒适未必意味着幸福.金钱可以促使意志薄弱者养成恶习，并导致他们自身地毁灭.此外，如果一个人一心只追求财富并沉溺于奢侈地生活，他就会失去理智、误入歧途.显然，我们必须正确对待金钱.依我看, 无论如何我们也不能把金钱和幸福等同起来.那些最能使人产生幸福感地东西是不能用金钱买到地，如和睦地家庭生活、友谊和事业上地满足感.小结是应用文，要求写一封投诉信. 是漫画加提纲作文.命题形式与大纲规定地命题形式相一致.大作文地命题不仅要求考生简短描述图画，而且要求考生写出其用意并说明自己地看法.考生应从参考作文中归纳出短文框架(划线句子)、段落结构和常用句型(黑体字)，以达到举一反三、触类旁通地目地.要通过汉英对照、背诵、改写、套用，达到活学活用地目地.短文写作解题时间节应用文一般为分钟左右，节说明性议论文一般为分钟左右.。
2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析（二）
2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析（二）Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1, the British Isles contai n a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. Th e others 2 to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 3 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”.Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Br istol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 8 there are local variations.Further no rth regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northe rners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 11. T hey are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends w ith them 12. Northerners generally have hearty 13: the visitor to Lancashire or York shire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound 16 by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound, and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 18 inventive and somewha t mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are fre quently 19 as being more “fiery” than the English.They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)Notes: fiery暴躁的，易怒的。
2012年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。
讲述了身为草根的G.I.Joe，成长为美国对外战争中一名战斗勇士。
第一、二段介绍了一个普通人G.I.Joe的生活背景及在美国和其他国家战争中的英勇表现从而获得美国政府的奖励。
第三段指出G.I.Joe为代表的普通士兵们对和平和安定的平民生活的渴望。
试题解析Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy，the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guywho__3__all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the__4__of food and shelter，who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid，__5__an average guy，up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries.【译文】数以百万计的美国人和外国人将G.I.Joe视为毫无头脑的战争玩偶，看作美国军事冒险主义的象征，但在过去事实并非如此。
2012年考研英语复试听力训练题(二)配套文字资料
2012年考研英语复试听力训练题（二）配套文字材料Part A1． M: I think I'll run down to the bookstore and get a few things W: But aren't we going to meet Shirley at the student center? She is expecting us at 4. And it's almost that now.2． W: Congratulations! I heard about your new job.M: Thanks. Nearly perfect for me. It's really interesting. The hours are ideal and it's an easy walk from home. If only the pay were half as good as everything else.3． W: Do you know anyone who is driving to the conference in Boston next weekend?M: Pete is. I think he has room for another person.4． M: Did I hear you say you are using the newspaper in your political science class? I was wondering if when you finish it, you can pass it onto me?W: Well, we do use it in class. But I always read the copy in the library.5． W: I noticed you haven't been getting along well with your roommate lately.M: You got that right. And it's going to be a long time before I feel comfortable with him again.6． W: How did you ever manage to get through all 1000 pages of thatnew spy thriller?M: It took a while. But once I had started it, I couldn't put it down. 7． M: Hi, XXX, how are you doing? I heard you had an operation over the spring break.W: Yes, XXX, thanks for asking. I was pretty much out of condition for a few weeks. Bit finally I'm back in my feet again.8． W: How about a little tennis? Say Saturday or Sunday?M: It sounds great. I could use a good workout. It seems like all I have been doing lately is sitting in front of this computer.9． W: Did you read today's newspaper? I heard there is something about a new wonder drug.M: I did read an article about medical researchers being on the verge of a major breakthrough.10. M: Where have you been? We were supposed to meet at the library half an hour ago.W: Yeah, I'm really sorry. I guess I just lost track of the time.11. M: I'm sorry. But you can't take your camera inside. You'll have to leave it here and pick it up after the concert.W: Well, I guess it's too late to take it back to the car. Please be careful with it. It belongs to my roommate. She'll never forgive me if anything happens to it.12. M: The application instructions say to enclose a check or moneyorder for twenty dollars. But I don't have a checking account.W: You can just pick up a money order at the post office13. M: You know, I really think you should run for class president. Everybody knows you and likes you. And you got some great ideas.W: Thanks. I have thought about it. I'm taking six classes and working a part-time job. That's about all I can handle right now.14. M: I'm having a few friends over for a lunch tomorrow. It'll be great if you can join us.W: I doubt I'll be able to make it. My brother is leaving for Chicago tomorrow afternoon. And I promised to give him a ride to the airport.15. W: My cousin Lisa said she mailed me some books. But they never came.M: Well, you just moved into a new dormitory. She probably sent them out before she had your new address.16. M: Excuse me. Do you have the time?W: Actually I'm not positive. But I'd say it's right around noon.17. W: My dinner tastes kind of funny.M: Then why don't you have the waiter bring you something else. 18. W: Did Mary meet you at the airport yesterday?M: Yes. But she sure got tired waiting for my flight to get in. We circled the airport for three hours.19. W: About this survey on the quality of life in the dorm. I feel sort of awkward because, well, I'm not rally comfortable here. Are you sure you want me to fill out this survey form?M: It's people like you who can help us target areas for improvement.20. M: I'm the only one in class who didn't sign up for the biology trip. Slogging through a swamp in the rain can't gun fun.W: Nope. But I've got the feeling your classmates will come back knowing some things you won't know.21. W: What are you watching?M: Some boring comedy show. But the Channel 6 news is on in a couple of minutes.22. M: Excuse me, Professor Jones. I was absent from the first class andI heard that's when you handed out the course outline. Would you have an extra copy?W: I don't have anyone with me. There are a few left in my office. Why don't you stop by after class.23. W: So, how did Jason's presentation go?M: It wasn't bad. But the topic he chose last time was more interesting.24. M: Would you happen to know somebody who'd like to buy my car?W: Well, I don't know of anyone off hand. But I'll check with someof my friends.25. W: Do you know where the nearest bus stop is?M: Actually I'm pretty new to the area.26. M: Did you hear the weather report says we are going to get at least a foot of snow tomorrow?W: That much! That's incredible. I can't wait to get outside and play in it.27. W: Growing up we never had a TV. Even now I'm not used to watching it much.M: Well, it's kind of like reading. Some things you find are great, But a lit are real waste of time. You have to pick and choose.28. W: I live this hat. And look, it's on sale.M: Yes, but it doesn't do much for you. What about the green one? It's a little expensive. But it really looks great on you.29. M: That's a really interesting shirt. Must be from your vacation.W: No. But you are close. My sister brought it back from Hawaii for me.30. W: Your company isn't moving to the west coast after all.M: Well, not for the time being. But I've been looking into other employment opportunities here anyway. Just in case.Part B31-34W: ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. Are there any comments about it?M: well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there were so much going on in bones. I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.W: Well, that's an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.M: Right. That's one of the things I found so fascinating about the article the way the bones repair themselves.W: Ok. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves.M: Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. This group of cells produce the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. After that the second group of specialized cells comes and produce the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.W: Very good. This is a very complex process. In fact, the scientists who study human bones don't completely understand it yet. They are still trying to find out how it all actually works. Specifically, because sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a hole in the bone tissue, for some reason, the second group doesn't completely fill in the hole. And this can cause real problems. It can actually lead to a disease in which thebone becomes weak and is easily broken.M: ok, I get it. So if the scientists can figure out what makes the specialized cells work, maybe they can find a way to make sure the second group of cells completely fills the hole in the bone tissue e/very time. That'll prevent the disease from every occurring.35-38M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down?W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been?M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop?W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we call use public transportation when we could.M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.W: True. They'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.M: What could the city do? Install pollution filters in all their buses?W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on the fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.M: How?W: Well, there is a material called XXX. It's a really good insulator. And a think coat of it get sprayed on the certain part of the engine.M: An insulator?W: Yeah. What it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.M: So a lot less unburning fuel comes out to pollute the air.W: And the bus will need less fuel. So with the saving on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines.W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or I be able to do ourselves.31-34W: ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. Are there any comments about it?M: well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there were so much going on in bones. I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.W: Well, that's an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.M: Right. That's one of the things I found so fascinating about the article the way the bones repair themselves.W: Ok. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves.M: Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. This group of cells produce the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. After that the second group of specialized cells comes and produce the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.W: Very good. This is a very complex process. In fact, the scientists who study human bones don't completely understand it yet. They are still trying to find out how it all actually works. Specifically, because sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a hole in the bone tissue, for some reason, the second group doesn't completely fill in the hole. And this can cause real problems. It can actually lead to a disease in which the bone becomes weak and is easily broken.M: ok, I get it. So if the scientists can figure out what makes the specialized cells work, maybe they can find a way to make sure the second group of cells completely fills the hole in the bone tissue every time. That'll prevent the disease from every occurring.31. What is the discussion mainly about?32. What is the function of the first group of specialized cellsdiscussed in the talk?33. Wh/at does the professor say about scientists who study the specialized cells in human bones?34. According to the student, what is one important purpose of studying specialized cells in human bones?35-38M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down?W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been?M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop?W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.M: What's the city gonna do? Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses?W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.M: How?W: Well, there is a material called the coniine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a thick coat of it get sprayed on the certain part of the engine.M: An insulator?W: Well, yeah. Actually, what it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right?W: Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines.W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or I be able to do ourselves. 35. What is the conversation mainly about?36. Why did the woman decide to ride the city bus?37. What is the coniine oxide?38. According to the woman, what may limit the use of the coniine oxide in cars?39-42Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Alice Brown. As you know, we hold a series of events during the school year on various culture topics. I am happy there's such a large crowd of both students and professors, that's it, the second of our time, our city art presentation this year. I see that almost every seat is taken. Tonight, we are lucky to have our guest, the man of considerable fame in the world of music. He began to play the piano at age of 5, by the time he was 10, he was already composing in playing his own pieces. He's a graduate of the famous Juliet School in New York City. Our guest has spent at least 45 years of his very successful career touring the world playing in concert. We are fortunate that he's consented to come share some of his experiences with us. He has had many adventures along the way, lost instruments, miss connections, no hotel room, locked concert halls, and so on. He's played for all of the well-known conductors, not only in North America but all over the world. The title of his talk is the country tour 40 years on 4 continents. Please join me in welcoming Mr. Daniel Robinson, one of the foremost pianists of our day.39. What is the main purpose of Dean Brown's remarks?40. Why does Dean Brown feel pleased?41. When did the pianist begin to play his own composition?42. What will the pianist mainly do?43-45Let's turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is, it's essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now, there is an important precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that's a large supply of consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see, in the place with a demand for a product is greater than the supply, there's no need to advertise. Now, the early form of advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign there were shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you, then was the advent of the printing crest. Advertising increased substantially as for products like coffee, tea, and chocolate appeared in newspapers and another periodicals as well as onthe side of the buildings. In the American colonies, advertising in communication's media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in marketing goods and services. By modern/ standards, these early advertisements were quite small and subdue, not the splash sheet whole page spreads of today, still some of them appeared on the front page of newspapers, probably because the news often consist of less and fresh reports from distant Europe, for the ads were current or local. Advertising really cameinto its own and became a central part of doing business, during the industry revolution, suddenly there was a much greater supply of thingsto sell. And as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising.People's attention had been drawn to the new product. Let's take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.43. What is the main topic of the talk?44. What does the speaker say is the important precondition for advertising?45. According to the speaker, what was the first advertisement?46-50We know then that in the US, it's the job of Congress to review propose new laws, which we call bills, and perhaps to modify these bills and then wrote on them. But even if the bill passed in Congress, it still doesn't become a law until the president had a chance to review it too. And if it's not to the president's liking, the bill can be vetoed or killed in either of two ways. One is by a veto message. The president has ten days to veto the bill by returning it to Congress, along with the message explaining why it's being rejected. This keeps the bill from becoming a law unless overwhelming majorities of both houses of Congress vote to over-right the president's veto. Something they really do. Often, lawmakers simply revised the vetoed bill and passed it again. This time, in the form the president less likely to object to, and us less likely to want to veto. The other way the president can kill a bill is by pocket veto. Here's what happen. If the president doesn't sign the bill within ten days, and Congress are jurors during that time, then the bill will not becomelaw. Notice that is only the end of entire session of Congress that the pocket veto can be used, not just whenever Congress take the shorter break, say, for a summer vacation, after a pocket veto, that particular bill is dead. If a lawmaker in Congress want to push the matter in their next session, they'll have to start all over with a brand new version of the bill.46. What is the main topic of the talk?47. According to the speaker, what does the veto message explain?48. According to the speaker, what do lawmakers often do after a veto message is issued?49. What happens to a bill as a result of a pocket veto?。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析(word版)12
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）(12)Sample Four41.「答案」F「解析」本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。
其一，从本语段话题角度来看，选项中的“tactics(策略)”概念为原文“strategy”、“policy”等概念的归纳。
其二，从分析性思维的角度来看，本段作者着重谈论了不同的人对于文件的收集有不同的看法。
其三，本语段承接了上文所引出的关于档案管理的话题。
42.「答案」A「解析」本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。
其一，从本语段话题角度来看，选项中的“personal and familial archival collection”概念为原文“household level archivist”、“everything that is personal and familiar”等概念的归纳。
其二，从态度分析的角度来看，本段作者着重谈论了自己对于档案管理的热情并给予例证。
其三，本语段承接了上段的策略问题，即作者自己的做法。
43.「答案」D「解析」本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。
其一，从本语段话题角度来看，选项中的“explosion(剧增)”概念为原文“exceeding”、“information overload”、“overabundant”等概念的归纳。
其二，从分析性思维的角度来看，本段作者着重谈论了国家档案收集过快的问题。
注意本段不能选择选项C.其三，本语段与上段构成了对比逻辑关系。
44.「答案」C「解析」本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。
其一，从本语段话题角度来看，选项中的“trivial personal documents”概念为原文“l ifetime documentary output”等概念的归纳。
其二，从分析性思维的角度来看，本段作者着重谈论了国家档案中存在过多的太过于细节化的文件。
其三，本语段承接了上文所引出的关于档案过多的话题。
2012考研英语二真题
2012考研英语二真题2012年考研英语二真题试卷由多个部分组成，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
以下是根据该标题编写的真题内容，模拟了一份考研英语二的试卷正文。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The year 2012 was a significant one for the world of technology. It was the year when a new generation of smartphones was introduced, and the public's expectations were high. The new devices were expected to be faster, more powerful, and have better battery life than their predecessors. Companies were eager to showcase their latest innovations, and consumers were 1 excited about the possibilities.The first quarter of the year saw a flurry of product announcements. Many companies 2 their new models, hoping to capture the attention of tech enthusiasts. However, not all of these products lived up to the hype. Some were criticized for their high price tags, while others were 3 for their lack of innovation.Despite these setbacks, the year was not without its successes. A few standout devices managed to 4 the market and become best-sellers. These devices were praised for their sleek designs, intuitive user interfaces, and impressive performance. They 5 the industry standard and set the bar high for future products.As the year progressed, the focus shifted from hardware to software. Companies realized that to truly differentiatetheir products, they needed to 6 on creating unique and engaging user experiences. This led to a surge in the development of new apps and services, many of which 7 to enhance productivity and improve the overall user experience.By the end of the year, it was clear that 2012 had been a transformative year for the technology industry. The advancements made in both hardware and software had a profound impact on the way people interacted with their devices. The year's successes and failures 8 valuable lessons for the industry, and set the stage for even greater innovations in the years to come.1. A) particularlyB) slightlyC) extremelyD) moderately2. A) introducedB) testedC) reviewedD) manufactured3. A) laudedB) criticizedC) celebratedD) commended4. A) dominateB) penetrateC) saturateD) influence5. A) establishedB) challengedC) redefinedD) maintained6. A) concentrateB) specializeC) diversifyD) innovate7. A) aimedB) intendedC) designedD) targeted8. A) taughtB) learnedC) impartedD) acquiredSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Passage 1In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of happiness. Researchers have been exploring various factors that contribute to an individual's sense of well-being. One of the key findings in this field is the importance of social connections. Numerous studies have shown that people with strong social networks tend to be happier and healthier than those who are more isolated.Social connections provide a support system that can help individuals cope with stress and adversity. They also offer opportunities for shared experiences and enjoyment, which can enhance one's quality of life. Moreover, the act of helping others has been linked to increased happiness and life satisfaction.However, the nature of social connections has evolved with the advent of technology. While technology has made it easier to stay connected with others, it has also changed the way we interact. Some argue that the rise of social media and online communication has led to more superficial relationships andless meaningful face-to-face interactions.Despite these concerns, technology can also be used to foster stronger social connections. For example, online platforms can help people with similar interests to connect and form communities. They can also facilitate long-distance relationships and enable people to stay in touch with friends and family who live far away.In conclusion, while the way we connect with others has changed, the importance of social connections to our happiness remains undeniable. Whether through traditional or modern means, maintaining strong social ties is crucial for our well-being.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The impact of technology on social connectionsB) The importance of social connections to happinessC) The role of stress in happiness studiesD) The benefits of online communication2. According to the passage, which of the following is a benefit of social connections?A) Increased productivityB) Better physical healthC) Greater life。
2012年研究生考试英语二试题
2012年研究生考试英语二试题英语考研复习是一个长期奋斗的过程，9月已经来临，英语的复习也应该进入冲刺阶段，店铺考研频道教您一些英语复习和考试技巧，祝您考出好成绩。
Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about thedirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset[D]at that point。
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【2012考研必备资料】张剑考研英语模拟题第二套试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Valentine’s Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia. __1__ the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called __2__ the god Lupercus to help them. A festival in his __3__ was held on February 15th. On the eve of the festival the __4__ of the girls were written on __5__ of paper and placed in jars. Each young man __6__ a slip. The girl whose name was __7__ was to be his sweetheart for the year.Legend __8__ it that the holiday became Valentine’s Day __9__ a Roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II __10__ the Roman soldiers NOT to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would __11__ stay home than fight. When Valentine __12__ the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the __13__ of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a __14__. Christian priests moved the holiday from the 15th to the 14th—V alentine’s Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine __15__ of Lupercus.Valentine’s Day has become a major __16__ of love and romance in the modern world. The ancient god Cupid and his __17__ into a lover’s heart may still be used to __18__ falling in love or being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers or jewelry, to do this. __19__ to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine’s Day can sometimes be as __20__ as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.1.［A］While ［B］When ［C］Though ［D］Unless2.［A］upon ［B］back ［C］off ［D］away3.［A］honor ［B］belief ［C］hand ［D］way4.［A］problems ［B］secrets ［C］names ［D］intentions5.［A］rolls ［B］piles ［C］works ［D］slips6.［A］cast ［B］caught ［C］drew ［D］found7.［A］given ［B］chosen ［C］elected ［D］delivered8.［A］tells ［B］means ［C］makes ［D］has9.［A］after ［B］since ［C］as ［D］from10.［A］ordered ［B］pleaded ［C］envisioned ［D］believed11.［A］other ［B］simply ［C］rather ［D］all12.［A］disliked ［B］defied ［C］defeated ［D］dishonored13.［A］celebration ［B］arrangement［C］feast ［D］eve14.［A］goat ［B］saint ［C］model ［D］weapon15.［A］because ［B］made ［C］instead ［D］learnt16.［A］part ［B］representative［C］judgement ［D］symbol17.［A］story ［B］wander ［C］arrow ［D］play18.［A］portray ［B］require ［C］demand ［D］alert19.［A］Keeping ［B］Disapproving［C］Supporting ［D］Forgetting20.［A］constructive ［B］damaging ［C］reinforcing ［D］retorting答案1. B2. A3.A4.C5.D6.C7.B8.D9.A 10.A11. C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.A 19D. 20. B总体分析本文介绍了情人节的由来。
第一段介绍情人节的前身牧神节以及该节日里抽签选恋人的庆祝活动。
第二段介绍情人节是为了纪念一位罗马牧师。
第三段指出情人节已经成为爱的主要象征。
试题精解1.［精解］本题考查连词用法辨析。
空格处填入的连词应反映空格所在分句和下一句之间的逻辑关系。
四个选项，while表时间或让步，意为“当……的时候”或“虽然，尽管”；when表时间，意为“当……的时候”；though表让步，意为“尽管，虽然”；unless表条件，意为“除非”。
根据文意，两个分句之间是时间关系，因此需要在while和when之间选择。
when既可指一段时间，也可指一个时间点，既可表示持续的动作，也可表示一时性的动作；while则只能表示持续性的动作或状态。
如：When she comes,（指一个时间点，不能用while）I shall tell her to wait for you.（她来的时候我会叫她等你的。
）When Jim was reading,（指一段时间，可用while）Jack was writing.（吉姆阅读的时候，杰克在写东西。
）空格所在分句中的动作roamed不是持续性的动作，只能用when，［B］正确。
2．［精解］本题考查短语动词辨析。
空格处填入的介词或副词与call构成短语动词，接sb. to do sth.作复合宾语。
符合要求的是［A］，call upon sb. to do sth.意为“请求/要求某人做某事”，如：We call on every friend to support the plan.（我们请求每一位朋友支持这项计划。
）call back意为“回电话；叫（某人）回去”，如：She was about to leave when her secretary called her back.（她正要离开突然秘书叫她回去。
）call off意为“取消，停止进行”，一般接sth.作宾语，如：call off a deal/trip（取消交易/旅行）。
call away意为“叫走，叫到别处去”，如：He was called away by his friends.（他被朋友叫走了。
）3．［精解］本题考查固定短语。
不存在in sb’s belief的搭配，所以首先排除［B］。
其它项构成的固定搭配是：in sb.’s/sth.’s honor意为“向……表示敬意”，其形式也可以是in honor of sb./sth.，如：a ceremony in honor of those killed in the explosion（为纪念爆炸中的死难者所举行的仪式）。
in sb’s hands意为“受某人照料，被某人控制”，如：The matter is now in my lawyer’s hands.（这件事现在由我律师处理。
）in sb’s way意为“以某人特有的方式”或“挡某人的路”，如：She does love you in her (own) way.（她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。
）You’ll have to move—you’re in my way.（你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。
）根据文意，应选［A］，表示“向他（即，牧神卢帕克斯）表示敬意”。
4．［精解］本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。
从空格所在的句子起到本段末为一个意群，其内容是关于抽签选恋人的活动。
由本段末句的name可知，本题应选［C］，表示“女孩的名字被写在纸上”。
其它项，［A］问题，［B］秘密，［D］意图，都不符合上下文文意。
5．［精解］本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。
空格处填入名词，与of paper搭配。
rolls of sth.意为“卷”，如：rolls of carpet/film（几卷地毯/胶卷）。
piles of sth.意为“成堆的东西”或“大量的东西”，如：piles of dirty washing（成堆待洗的脏衣服），piles of work（大量的工作）。
works意为“著作，作品；工厂”，不与paper搭配。
slip本身意为“纸条，便条，小纸片”，它常与of paper搭配，还是表示“纸条”。
由于下文即本段倒数第二句出现了a slip，根据文意，应选［D］。
6．［精解］本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。
选项为四个动词的过去式形式。
cast意为“（用力）投，掷，抛”，如：cast anchor（抛锚）；catch意为“接住，拦住；捉住”，如：catch the keys as they fall（接住掉下来的钥匙），catch mice（捉老鼠）；draw意为“抽（签，牌），抓（阄）”，如：He drew the winning ticket.（他抽到中奖彩券了。