Abstract CASINOng — Towards Secure, Dynamic Group Management in Wireless Personal Area Ne

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关于java英文参考文献

关于java英文参考文献Java, a versatile programming language, has been a cornerstone of software development since its inception in the mid-1990s. Its object-oriented nature and platform independence make it a popular choice for developers worldwide.The language's extensive ecosystem is well-documented in numerous scholarly articles and books, offering insights into its design principles and practical applications. For beginners, "Head First Java" by Kathy Sierra and Bert Batesis a recommended starting point, blending engaging narratives with technical explanations.As one progresses, "Effective Java" by Joshua Bloch provides a more in-depth look at the language's best practices, catering to intermediate and advanced programmers. It covers topics such as exception handling and concurrency, which are crucial for writing robust Java applications.For a comprehensive understanding of Java's underlying mechanisms, "Java Concurrency in Practice" by Brian Goetz et al. is an invaluable resource. It delves into the complexities of multi-threading, a critical aspect of modern software development.When exploring Java's integration with web technologies, "Java Web Services" by William C. Crawford provides a clearguide to building and consuming web services, a common requirement in today's interconnected applications.Lastly, for those interested in the broader implications of Java in enterprise environments, "Enterprise Integration Patterns" by Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf offers a collection of design patterns that facilitate the building ofdistributed systems.These references not only serve as educational tools but also as a testament to the enduring influence of Java in the field of computer science.。

如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract

如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract Abstract是SCI论文投稿中不可或缺的一部分。

它通常作为论文的摘要，摘要的质量很大程度上决定了论文被接受的可能性。

因此，如何写好Abstract是每位研究者必须掌握的技能之一。

2023年，Abstract的写作依然是一项重要的任务。

面对越来越激烈的学术竞争，研究者需要通过Abstract来吸引读者的关注并明确表达自己的研究意义和成果。

下面将介绍一些具体的写Abstract的技巧和注意事项，帮助研究者撰写高质量的Abstract。

首先，Abstract的内容应该准确、简洁、具体。

为了达到这个目的，研究者应该遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 提炼核心内容Abstract不是论文的简单概述，而是针对论文的研究问题、方法和成果进行提炼和总结。

因此，研究者应该首先确定论文的核心问题和贡献，然后将其简洁明了地表达在Abstract中。

2. 使用适当的语言和术语研究者应该使用准确、专业的术语和语言来描述论文的问题和成果。

同时，也要注意使用简洁、易懂的语言，特别是在解释论文的复杂概念和模型时，以便读者能够快速理解。

3. 强调结果和贡献在Abstract中，研究者应该突出论文的贡献和创新点，让读者能够明确地看到论文的价值和意义，从而增加论文的吸引力和可读性。

除了上述基本原则，还有一些细节需要研究者注意，以确保Abstract的质量和可读性。

下面列举了一些具体的技巧和注意事项：1. 遵循SCI期刊的写作规范Abstract的格式和内容要符合SCI期刊的要求，这包括使用适当的字体、字号、行间距、段间距，以及指定Abstract的篇幅等。

研究者应该仔细阅读SCI期刊的投稿说明，确保自己的Abstract符合要求。

2. 遵循逻辑顺序和结构研究者应该遵循逻辑顺序和结构来组织Abstract的内容。

通常来说，Abstract应该包括论文的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果、贡献和意义等。

关于历史建筑进行结构检测的几点建议——以汉口保元里修缮工程为例

1工程概况保元里修缮工程属于汉口历史风貌区的首开工程,片区位于汉口中心地带,紧靠武汉美术馆,邻近江汉路步行街,交通区位十分优越,原房屋始建于1911年,至今已有100多年的历史,保元里因民国元年而得名,是典型的汉口近代里分建筑,因地制宜的弧线形平面布局较为独特,建筑为联排式单元组合,每个单元包含天井式平面布局与节奏强烈的立面和标志性的石库门、装饰精美的门楼,体现了中西合璧的形态,具有较高的艺术价值。

保元里9号曾作为武汉解放前夕中共地下党的指挥中心之一,在革命斗争年代发挥了关键作用。

保元里片区为武汉市优秀历史保护建筑,保护革命史迹对于红色基因的传承极具历史意义。

该项目包含保元里和泰安里两个组成部分,共计56栋建筑物,现状总体俯视图如图1所示。

项目占地实测面积11260m 2,修缮前地上总建筑面积26596.97m 2。

该工程主要由2~3层砖木结构组成,房屋承重墙体的材料为烧结普通砖,墙体厚度为240mm ,局部分隔墙采用木质隔断。

楼面为木楼枕+实木地【作者简介】施浩(1979~),男,湖北孝感人,高级工程师,从事结构设计与研究。

关于历史建筑进行结构检测的几点建议———以汉口保元里修缮工程为例Some Suggestions on the Structural Inspection of Historical Buildings———Taking the Repair Project of Baoyuanli in Hankou as an Example施浩（武汉正华建筑设计有限公司，武汉430014）SHI Hao(Wuhan Zhenghua Architectural Design Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China)【摘要】从改造设计的角度出发，就历史建筑改造前进行的地质勘察和检测提出了几点建议：历史建筑采用天然基础的，可采用浅层平板载荷实验确定地基承载力；为查明建筑内部实际情况，需对既有建筑物内部布置物探作业；砌体强度可采用直接法和间接法相结合的检测方法，直接法优先采用现场原位检测方法，采用间接法检测时，块体强度采用取样法对回弹法检测结果进行修正；砂浆强度可采用贯入法进行检测，根据灰缝饱满程度考虑强度折减系数，最后根据规范规定的公式推算出砌体抗压强度。

研究方向英文作文

研究方向英文作文英文：Research Direction: My research direction is focused on the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning.I am particularly interested in the application of deep learning algorithms in natural language processing and computer vision. One of the main reasons I chose this research direction is because of the increasing demand for intelligent systems that can understand and interpret human language and visual data.I believe that the advancements in deep learning have opened up new possibilities for developing more sophisticated and accurate natural language processing models. For example, the use of recurrent neural networks has significantly improved the performance of language translation systems, enabling more accurate and fluent translations between different languages. This has a wide range of practical applications, from improvingcommunication between people who speak different languages to enhancing the capabilities of virtual assistants and chatbots.In addition, I am also interested in exploring the potential of deep learning in computer vision. Convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable success in tasks such as image recognition and object detection. For instance, these algorithms are used in autonomous vehicles to identify and track objects in real-time, which is crucial for ensuring the safety of passengers and pedestrians.Overall, I am excited about the potential of deep learning in revolutionizing the way we interact with technology and the world around us. I believe that by focusing on this research direction, I can contribute to the development of more intelligent and intuitive systems that can truly understand and respond to human language and visual information.中文：研究方向，我的研究方向主要集中在人工智能和机器学习领域。

摘要抽象英语作文

摘要抽象英语作文Abstract。

Abstract writing is an important skill that is required in many academic and professional settings. It involves summarizing the main points of a document or presentationin a concise and clear manner. This skill is particularly important in scientific research, where abstracts are often the first point of contact between researchers and their audience.In this article, we will discuss the key elements of a good abstract and provide some tips on how to write an effective one.Introduction。

The introduction of an abstract should provide some context for the research or presentation that is being summarized. This may include a brief overview of the topic,the research question, and the methods used to answer it.Methods。

The methods section of an abstract should provide a concise summary of the research methods used in the study. This may include the sample size, the type of data collected, and the statistical analyses used to analyze the data.Results。

代码混淆技术原理相关英文文献

代码混淆技术原理相关英文文献1. IntroductionCode obfuscation is a widely used technique in software development to protect intellectual property and hinder reverse engineering. It involves transforming the source code or binary code of a program into a form that is difficult for humans to understand, while still m本人nt本人ning the functionality of the program. This article provides aprehensive overview of the principles and techniques of code obfuscation, with a focus on relevant English-language research papers.2. BackgroundCode obfuscation has g本人ned importance in recent years due to the increased use of mobile and web-based applications, as well as the rise of cyber threats and hacking activities. The goal of code obfuscation is to make it more challenging for attackers to understand and modify the code, thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized access and tampering.3. Principles of Code ObfuscationCode obfuscation can be achieved through various techniques, including:a. Name obfuscation: This involves renaming variables, functions, and classes in the code to make it more difficult to understand.b. Control flow obfuscation: This technique alters the control flow of the program, making it harder for attackers to follow the logic of the code.c. Data obfuscation: Data obfuscation involves encrypting or encoding sensitive data within the code to prevent unauthorized access.d. Code transformation: This technique involves restructuring the code to make it less readable and more challenging to analyze.4. Research Papers on Code ObfuscationMany research papers have been published on code obfuscation, exploring different aspects of this field. Some of the relevant English-language research papers include:a. "A Survey of Software Watermarking" by Christian Collberg, Clark Thomborson, and Catherine Carter. This paper provides an overview of software watermarking techniques, which are closely related to code obfuscation.b. "Obfuscation of Executable Code to Improve Resistance to Static Disassembly" by Saumya Debray and Scott A. Watterson. This paper presents a technique for transforming executable code to make it more resistant to static disassembly.c. "Code Obfuscation Ag本人nst Symbolic Execution Attacks" by Shiqing Ma, Suhua Tang, and Dengguo Feng. This paper explores the use of code obfuscation to defend ag本人nst symbolic execution attacks, amon method used by hackers to analyze and exploit software vulnerabilities.d. "A Survey of Control-Flow Obfuscation Techniques" by Riccardo Scandariato, Johan Mazel, and Wouter Joosen. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of control-flow obfuscation techniques and their effectiveness in protecting software from reverse engineering.5. ConclusionCode obfuscation is a critical aspect of software security, especially in the current landscape of cyber threats and hacking activities. By understanding the principles and techniques of code obfuscation, software developers can better protect theirintellectual property and ensure the integrity of their programs. The research papers mentioned in this article provide valuable insights into the various aspects of code obfuscation, serving as a foundation for further exploration and development in this field.。

abstract的用法

Abstract的用法1. 什么是Abstract在计算机科学领域，Abstract（抽象）是一种编程概念，用于描述一种将问题或现实世界中的实体抽象化的方法。

通过抽象，我们可以将复杂的问题简化为更易于理解和处理的形式。

抽象的关键是忽略不必要的细节，只关注最重要的方面。

在软件开发中，抽象是一种重要的设计原则，它可以帮助开发人员构建模块化、可扩展和易于维护的代码。

2. 抽象的作用抽象的作用在于隐藏细节，只暴露必要的接口和功能。

通过抽象，我们可以将复杂的系统分解为更小的模块，并将这些模块组合在一起以实现更大的功能。

抽象可以提高代码的可读性和可维护性，并降低代码的复杂性。

它还可以促进代码的重用，因为抽象可以将通用的功能封装为可复用的组件。

3. 抽象的实现方式在编程中，抽象可以通过多种方式来实现。

下面是几种常见的抽象实现方式：3.1 抽象类抽象类是一种特殊的类，它不能被实例化，只能被继承。

抽象类可以包含抽象方法和具体方法。

抽象方法是没有实现的方法，需要子类根据自己的需求来实现。

抽象类可以用作其他类的基类，通过继承抽象类，子类可以获得抽象类的方法和属性。

public abstract class Animal {public abstract void makeSound();public void sleep() {System.out.println("Zzz");}}3.2 接口接口是一种定义了一组方法的抽象类型。

接口可以被类实现，一个类可以实现多个接口。

接口中的方法都是抽象的，没有实现。

通过实现接口，类可以获得接口中定义的方法，并根据自己的需求来实现这些方法。

public interface Shape {double getArea();double getPerimeter();}3.3 泛型泛型是一种参数化类型的机制，它可以使代码更加通用和灵活。

通过使用泛型，我们可以编写与特定类型无关的代码，提高代码的重用性。

英文abstract范文

英文abstract范文Here's an example of an abstract written in English, following the guidelines you provided:The research dived deep into exploring the complexities of urban transportation. Interviews with commuters revealed a range of emotions from frustration with traffic jams to a sense of liberation when cycling through quiet streets. Data analysis showed a sharp increase in the use of public transport, especially during peak hours. However, the challenge remains in balancing the needs of commuters with the city's growing population.On a separate note, the study of traditional crafts in rural areas highlighted the beauty and intricacy of handmade items. Artisans shared stories of passing down techniques from generation to generation, while also acknowledging the challenges of modernization. Salesfigures indicated a resurgence in interest, especially among younger buyers seeking unique gifts. The future ofthese crafts, however, remains uncertain in the face of changing consumer trends.The topic of environmental conservation took a more urgent tone. Field observations recorded the devastating effects of climate change, from rising sea levels to decreased biodiversity. Yet, there were also inspiring stories of communities coming together to plant trees and reduce waste. Scientific studies offered potential solutions, though the race against time to mitigate the damage is ongoing.Lastly, the study on remote work arrangements revealed both positives and negatives. Employees praised the flexibility and reduced commute, but also lamented the lack of social interaction and the blurring of work-life boundaries. Managers struggled to maintain efficiency and team cohesion. As the pandemic continues to shape our.。

安全漏洞扫描-abstract

安全扫描技术的发展历程简单的扫描程序简最早出现的是专门为UNIX 系统编写的一些只具有简单功能的小程序，多数由黑客在业余时间编写99年以前，出现的功能较为强大的商业化产品，特点是测试项数目较多，使用简单近几年，主要商业化产品均运行Windows 操作系统平台上充分利用了功能较为强大的业余时间编写。

特点是功能单一，通常只能测试项数目较多使用简单。

但是通常只是简单的把各个扫描测试项的执行结果罗列出来直接提供给测试者而上，充分利用了WINDOWS 平台上界面的友好性和开发的简单行。

正在进行由安全商业化扫描程序进行端口或CGI 扫描等等；使用复杂，通常只有黑客才能够熟练使用；源代码开放。

出来，直接提供给测试者而不对信息进行任何分析处理。

对结果的评估分析、报告功能很弱这时期的产品扫描程序到安全评估专家系统的过渡。

不但使用简单方便，能够将对单个主机的扫描结果整理安全评估专家系统Nmap 即是其代表作品。

功能很弱。

这时期的产品，主要功能还是扫描。

ISS Scanner ，形成报表，能够并对具体漏洞提出一些解决方法。

但目前产品对网络的状况缺乏一个整体的评估对网络CyberCop 和ISS Scanner 是其中的代表。

乏一个整体的评估，对网络安全没有系统的解决方案。

安全扫描器主要功能z信息收集z 漏洞检测¾端口扫描和服务识别¾目标的操作系统类型识别¾各种网络服务漏洞测试¾提供目标网络安全评估报告¾用户的管理¾扫描策略的管理¾扫描任务的管理一次完整的网络扫描主要分为3个阶段：目标发现、信息攫取、漏洞检段目标发现信息攫取漏洞检测。

目标发现阶段的技术主要有ICMP扫射、广播ICMP、非回显ICMP、TCP扫射、UDP扫射。

扫射扫射信息攫取端口扫描服务识别操作系统探测漏洞检测的主要方法有直接测试（test ）推断（inference ） Test with 带凭证的测试（est t Credential ）安全扫描器工作原理等待目的主机或设备的响应2、等待目的主机或设备的响应目标设备分类基于网络的安全评估产品对关键网络及设备进行安全评估基于主机的安全评估产品对关键主机进行安全评估专用安全评估产品如数据库安全评估产品。

《2024年基于上下文感知及边界引导的伪装物体检测研究》范文

《基于上下文感知及边界引导的伪装物体检测研究》篇一一、引言随着人工智能技术的不断发展，计算机视觉在众多领域得到了广泛应用。

其中，伪装物体检测是计算机视觉领域的一个重要研究方向。

伪装物体指的是在特定场景中，通过伪装手段（如改变颜色、形状等）试图隐藏或混淆真实物体的存在。

伪装物体检测的目的是在图像或视频中准确地识别出这些伪装物体，为后续的图像处理和识别任务提供支持。

然而，由于伪装物体的多样性和复杂性，传统的伪装物体检测方法往往难以取得满意的效果。

因此，本文提出了一种基于上下文感知及边界引导的伪装物体检测方法，旨在提高伪装物体检测的准确性和效率。

二、相关工作在伪装物体检测领域，传统的检测方法主要依赖于手工设计的特征提取器和分类器。

然而，这些方法往往难以应对复杂多变的伪装手段和场景变化。

近年来，随着深度学习技术的发展，基于深度学习的伪装物体检测方法逐渐成为研究热点。

这些方法通过训练大量的数据来学习图像中的特征和模式，从而实现对伪装物体的准确检测。

然而，现有的方法仍然存在一些局限性，如对上下文信息的忽视和边界信息的利用不足等。

三、方法本文提出的基于上下文感知及边界引导的伪装物体检测方法主要包括以下两个部分：1. 上下文感知模块：该模块通过分析图像中的上下文信息，提取出与伪装物体相关的特征。

具体而言，我们利用卷积神经网络（CNN）来学习图像中的局部和全局特征，同时结合图像中的语义信息，如物体的形状、颜色等。

通过上下文感知模块，我们可以更准确地识别出伪装物体及其周围环境的关系。

2. 边界引导模块：该模块通过分析图像中物体的边界信息，提高对伪装物体的检测效果。

我们利用边缘检测算法来提取图像中的边缘信息，并结合上下文感知模块的结果，对边缘信息进行优化和补充。

通过边界引导模块，我们可以更准确地定位和识别出伪装物体的位置和形状。

四、实验为了验证本文提出的方法的有效性，我们在多个数据集上进行了实验。

实验结果表明，我们的方法在伪装物体检测任务中取得了显著的效果提升。

Meta分析SCI写作指南——abstract5

Meta分析SCI写作指南——abstract今天我们来介绍Abstract的写作技巧。

很多小伙伴可能会说Abstract谁不会写，文章都写完了还不会写Abstract吗？就是因为不重视Abstract，很多人的摘要没抓住文章的重心。

下面我们讲一下如何写好一个精简又全面的Abstract。

首先，对于初学者来讲，结构式摘要是最好不过了。

结构式的摘要主要包括Background，Objective，Methods，Results和Conclusion。

这些部分也要分清主次，Background可以用一两句话概括研究的背景，一般为了字数要求Background 可以省略；objective指的文章的目的，用一句话概括就行；Methods主要介绍文章中为了研究XX都用到了XX方法，用最精简的话描述；Results要求与methods 对应，文中用了什么方法就要得到什么结果；最后用一句话概括得到的结论，需要注意的是，结论是根据结果得到的，千万不要将结果再叙述一遍。

举个例子，吸烟与糖尿病风险关联的OR=1.8（95%CI=1.3-2.6），结果有统计学意义，这表示的是一个结果，根据这个结果我们可以得到吸烟可能增加糖尿病风险的结论。

另外，有些杂志要求不能用结构式摘要，你依然可以先用结构式摘要写好，然后将这些小标题去掉就可以。

但是为了每一部分能够更好的衔接，我们需要加一些衔接词，如Therefore，meanwhile等。

Abstract在文章的开始，是编辑和审稿人最初看到的一部分，所以更要精雕细琢，尤其要避免语法错误。

语言问题是一个很头疼的问题，自己解决不了的话，可以先给有经验的人看看，让别人提一下意见。

最后，Abstract一般不超过200字哦，投稿之前一定要看清杂志的要求，一般的杂志对Abstract有字数要求。

自主船舶与有人驾驶船舶动态博弈避碰决策

本文网址：/cn/article/doi/10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.03305期刊网址：引用格式：崔浩, 张新宇, 王警, 等. 自主船舶与有人驾驶船舶动态博弈避碰决策[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2024, 19(1): 238–247.CUI H, ZHANG X Y, WANG J, et al. Dynamic game collision avoidance decision-making for autonomous and manned ships[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2024, 19(1): 238–247 (in Chinese).自主船舶与有人驾驶船舶动态博弈避碰决策扫码阅读全文崔浩，张新宇*，王警，王程博，郑康洁大连海事大学航海学院，辽宁大连 116026摘要:［目的］为实现船舶的高效避碰与安全航行，针对自主船舶与有人驾驶船舶混合航行环境下的交互避碰问题展开研究，提出一种多智能体交互的船舶动态博弈避碰决策方法。

［方法］依据驾驶实践，理解并分析混行环境下的船舶避碰问题，基于《国际海上避碰规则》量化船舶会遇态势及碰撞危险，引入动态博弈理论，将存在碰撞危险的船舶个体建模为博弈中具有独立思想的参与者，并以船舶的航向改变量为博弈策略，在船舶安全性收益、社会性收益及经济性收益约束下求解船舶的最优行动序列，以及将船舶驾驶员风格的差异化引入仿真实验中以验证避碰决策的有效性。

［结果］结果显示，所提方法能够在自主船舶与有人驾驶船舶混行场景下实现多船的安全会遇；各船在面对不同驾驶风格的目标船舶时均能类人地调整自身的行为策略，从而实现安全避让。

［结论］所做研究可为自主船舶及有人驾驶船舶的避碰决策提供参考。

关键词：混行场景；船舶避碰；驾驶风格；博弈论中图分类号: U664.82; U675.96文献标志码: ADOI ：10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.03305Dynamic game collision avoidance decision-making forautonomous and manned shipsCUI Hao , ZHANG Xinyu *, WANG Jing , WANG Chengbo , ZHENG Kangjie Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaAbstract : ［Objective ］This study investigates the interactive collision avoidance （CA ） problem of autonomous and manned ships in mixed navigation scenarios in order to achieve the efficient collision avoid-ance and safe navigation of ships. To this end, a multi-agent interactive ship dynamic game collision avoid-ance decision-making method is proposed. ［Methods ］According to sailing practices, the ship collision avoidance problem in mixed navigation environments is analyzed and understood, and the ship encounter situ-ation and collision risk are quantified on the basis of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). Dynamic game theory is introduced to model individual ships with collision risk as parti-cipants with independent thinking in the game, and the course changes of ships are taken as the strategy for de-termining the optimal action sequence under the constraints of ship safety and social and economic benefits.Different ship maneuvering modes are introduced to the simulation experiment, and the effectiveness of the collision avoidance decision-making method is verified using Python. ［Results ］The results show that this method can realize the safe encounter of multiple ships in a mixed navigation environment of autonomous and manned ships, and each ship can adjust its behavior strategy to achieve safe avoidance when facing target ships with different sailing styles. ［Conclusion ］This study can provide valuable references for the collision avoidance decision-making of autonomous and manned ships.Key words : mixed navigation scenario ；ship collision avoidance ；maneuvering mode ；game theory收稿日期: 2023–03–26 修回日期: 2023–06–06 网络首发时间: 2023–12–19 15:59基金项目: 大连市科技创新基金资助项目（2022JJ12GX015）作者简介: 崔浩，男，1998年生，硕士生。

科技论文abstract写法说明

Abstract1 StructureThe structure and content of the Abstract have changed in recent decades. Before on-line publication databases such as the Science Citation Index, the Abstract was printed at the top of a research article and its function was mainly to encourage the reader to continue reading the article and to facilitate that reading by providing a brief preview. The reader and the writer didn’t consider the Abstract of a research article as an independent unit because it was not normally read without reference to the article itself.The Internet has influenced the way that science research is communicated and the way that scientists access published research. Abstract databases allow scientists to search and scan the scientific literature and then decide which research articles they want to read in detail. Some readers simply want to know what is going on in their research area and may not be interested in the details; others may want to know details but are only interested in research articles which are directly relevant to their own research. However, if readers are going to actually read your research article, the Abstract now needs to persuade them to obtain a copy of it, not just encourage them to keep reading a paper theyhave already accessed.Abstracts compete for attention in on-line databases. Many more people will read the title than the Abstract, and many more will read the Abstract than the whole paper. This means that however ‘good’ and wellwritten the Abstract is, it needs to have independent validity. It should make sense as a standalone, self-contained description of the research article, and readers should be able to understand the key points and results of the research even if they never see the whole article. The Abstract, in this sense, is a representation of the research article.Why does the unit on Abstracts come at the end of this book rather than at the beginning?In the first place, the style and the length of the Abstract depend on where you plan to submit it and that decision may be taken late in — or even after —the writing process. However, the most important reason for putting this unit on Abstracts at the end of the book is that you are in a better position to create an Abstract after you have finished writing the other sections of your paper. The content of the Abstract is derived from the rest of the article, not the other way around. Although you should not simply cut and paste whole sentences from the body of the article, the Abstract does not contain material which is not already in the paper. Thismeans that you don’t need to create completely new sentences; once you have decided what should go in the Abstract you can select material, including parts of sentences and phrases, from the relevant sections of the paper and adapt or modify them to meet the demands of an Abstract. This also means that the Abstract is easier to write than the rest of the paper!Does every Abstract follow the same model?No, and the title of the Abstract reflects this. Some are called Summary, some are called Background, some are called Abstract and others have no title at all. Most Abstracts are results-focused and there are basic similarities in all Abstracts, but there are two quite distinct models. The first model is similar to a summary, and is very structured. It deals with all the main subsections of the research article and can even have subtitles such as Background/Method/Results/Conclusions. The second model is more common, and focuses primarily on one or two aspect of the study, usually — but not always — the method and the results. Both models will be discussed here. Note that the models for an Abstract described here are appropriate for articles, papers, theses etc. Abstracts for conferences may not follow either of these models.How do I know which model to choose?This decision is based on the type of research you have done and theGuide for Authors of the journal where you want to publish your research. The decision is normally determined by the journal rather than the author. If the choice is yours, then generally speaking, the more narrow and specified your research topic, the less likely you are to use the summary format. This is because in a narrow research field, most readers already know the background. The word limit set by each journal also has a significant effect on the structure and therefore also on the content of the Abstract.So as you can see, when we come to ask our three questions:How do I start the Abstract? What type of sentence should I begin with? What type of information should be in the Abstract, and in what order? How do I end this section?You already know a lot about what the Abstract should include and in what order.Here are examples of both models.Remember that Model 2 Abstracts are more common than Model 1. Start by reading the Abstract below, which is an example of a structured Abstract using the summary format (Model 1). The title of the paper is: Physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids derived from acoustic measurements. Don’t worry if you have diffi culty understanding terms such as bubble point. Just try to get a general understanding at this stage and familiarise yourself with the structure.MODEL 1Abstract: The speed of sound in a fluid is determined by, and therefore an indicator of, the thermodynamic properties of that fluid. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of an ultrasonic超声波cell to determine crude oil properties, in particular oil density. An ultrasonic cell was constructed to measure the speed of sound and tested in a crude oil sample. The speed of sound was measured at temperatures between 260 and 411 K at pressures up to 75 MPs.The measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of the bubble point沸点of the oil. This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining fluid density from sound speed measurements and suggests that it is possible to measure sound absorption with an ultrasonic cell to determine oil viscosity黏度.Now look at an example of the second, more common, type of Abstract. The title of this paper is: Effect of polymer coatings on drug release.MODEL 2Abstract: This study investigated the use of a novel water-soluble polymer blend as a coating to control drug release. It was found that using a blend of methylcellulose甲基纤维素and a water-soluble copolymer 共聚物significantly slowed the release rate of ibuprofen布洛芬compounds in vitro and allowed for a more consistent release rate of 10–20% per hour.2 Grammar and Writing SkillsBecause the Abstract is derived from the rest of the article, most of the grammar and writing skills have already been covered in previous units. The use of VERB TENSE, however, is very important in the Abstract. This section also deals with the LENGTH and LANGUAGE of the Abstract.2.1 Verb tenseVerb tense is especially important in the Abstract because the strict word limit means that you may need to omit phrases that tell the reader whose work you are referring to, or what you think about your results. In this case, these can be achieved by careful and accurate use of verb tense.Remember that the tense you use in a sentence may be grammatically correct —and therefore no editor or proofreader will notice it or draw your attention to it — but if you have not chosen the appropriate tense the sentence will not mean what you wanted it to mean and it will not have the effect you hoped it would have.The gap/problem is normally in the Present Simple tense，for example: The main problem, however, is…We examine why these models have diffi culty with…However, this assumption is not valid when…This is complicated复杂的，难懂的by…However, this assessment cannot be based so lely on…Although it is known theoretically that…When you are referring to what the paper itself does or what is actually in the paper itself, use the Present Simple tense, for example:论文中实际有什么，研究得到了什么结果This paper presents a new methodology for…In th is paper we apply…This study reports an improved design for…In this paper we extend an existing approach to…We consider a novel system of…The implications for learning algorithms are discussed…New numerical results are presented here for…When you are referring to your methodology, or what you did during the research period, it is common to use the Past Simple tense,也有可能是一般现在时for example:Two catalysts催化剂were examined in order to…Samples were prepared for electron microscopy using…A crystalliser was constructed using…The effect of pH was investigated by means of…The data obtained were evaluated using…A pe rmeameter was used to investigate…It is also possible to use the Present Simple tense to talk about your methodology, especially when you are referring to calculations计算or equations方程式which can be found in the paper itself:Numerical examples are ana lysed in detail…The calculated wavelengths are compared to…Several models are created using…The accuracy is evaluated by…A detailed comparison is made between…The method is illustrated on blends of homopolymers…Results can be expressed in either the Present Simple tense, for example: We find that oxygen reduction may occur up to 20 microns from the interface…No dilation was observed…This was consistent with…Organised fibers were found after 6 weeks…These profiles were affected by…This f inding correlated with…But be aware that the sentence may use two different tenses. Even if the first part of the sentence is in the Past Simple tense (We found/It was found etc.) you can decide to put the finding/result itself or the implication of the result in the Present Simple tense if you believe it is strong enough to be considered as a fact or truth:The experiments demonstrated there are two matrices…It was found that proteins are produced from…The results demonstrated that the morphology i s different…This image suggested that there is a direct relationship between…Some of the reasons behind that choice are discussed in the unit on Introductions (Section 1.2.1) and the unit on Results (Section 3.4.2). In addition to the reasons given there, it is worth noting that the Abstract tends to present the contents of the paper in fairly direct way, not only because of the word limits imposed by editors, but also to engage the attention of the reader. This influences the decision to use the Present Simple for the results or the implications, even though those implications may have been stated in the Past Simple in the article itself.Achievements can be expressed in the Present Perfect tense, as in theDiscussion/Conclusion:We have obtained ac curate quantitative LIF measurements…This investigation has revealed that…We have devised a strategy which allows…We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by…A novel material has been produced which…Three-dimensional FE predictions h ave confirmed that… Considerable insight has been gained concerning…The model consistently underpredicts…The ratio shifts towards…We show that this theory also applies to…The most accurate readings are obtained from…We find that this does not vary…These examples illustrate that overpotential is better described in terms of…Or, more commonly, in the Past Simple tense, for example: The Y-type was found to produce…The hydrocarbons showed a marked increase in…and also in the Present Simple tense:This process can successfully be combined with…The framework described here is both simple and universal…The value of our approach lies in…This provides a powerful tool for…This novel film is mechanically robust and is able to…The algorithm p resented here ensures that…Applications are normally stated in the Present Simple tense:This process is suitable for the production of…This framework can be used to evaluate…This approach can be applied to…This demonstrates potential for general applicability to…These profiles may serve as a predictor for…This framework can be used to evaluate…2.2 LengthThe Abstract usually has a strict word limit. Most are between 80– 150 words and are written as a single paragraph. Even longer Abstracts (150–250 words) are usually written as a single paragraph. Don’t submit an Abstract that is over the word limit or it may be cut by an editor in a way that does not represent your work appropriately. For your first draft, don’t worry too much about the word limit. Once you have decided which of the two Abstract models you will use, start by including whatever you think is important, and then gradually remove words, phrases and evensentences that are not essential.2.3 Language不用太专业，尽量少用缩略词，需要Think of the search phrases and keywords that people looking for your work might use. Make sure that those exact words or phrases appear in your Abstract, so that they will turn up at the top of a search result listing. The Abstract is sometimes written in a slightly less technical way than the article itself in order to attract a wider audience. This may mean that some of your readers do not know a particular technical term or acronym 首字母缩写that you want to include. To solve this problem, you can use the acronym, abbreviation缩写词or technical term in the Abstract but you should first say what it means or stands for. For example: Granules颗粒of hydroxyapatite (HA)羟磷灰石were implanted.3 Build a Model3.1 sample analysisYou are now ready to build a model of the Abstract by writing a short description of what the writer is doing in each sentence in the space provided below. This should be very easy, because all the components of the Abstract have occurred in previous subsections. As before, the Key is on the next page.GUIDELINESThis time you will need to build two models, to cover the two types of Abstracts. You should only need to spend 10–20 minutes on this task, because the sentenc e types are familiar to you from previous units. Don’t forget that your models are only useful if they can be transferred to other Abstracts, so don’t include content words or you won’t be able to use the models to generate your own Abstract.Remember that one way to find out what the writer is doing in a sentence, rather than what s/he is saying, is to imagine that your computer has accidentally deleted it. What changes for you, as a reader, when it disappears? If you press another key on the computer and the sentence comes back, how does that affect the way you respond to the information?As mentioned in previous sections, another way to figure out what the writer is doing is to look at the grammar and vocabulary clues. What is the tense of the main verb? What is that tense normally used for? Is it the same tense as in the previous sentence? If not, why has the writer changed the tense? What words has the writer chosen to use?Model Analysis—AbstractMODEL 1KeyIn Sentence 1 ‘Th e speed of sound in a fluid is determined by, and therefore an indicator of, the thermodynamic properties of that fluid.’the writer provides background factual information.In Sentence 2 ‘Th e aim of this study was to investigate the use of an ultrasonic cell to determine crude oil properties, in particular oil density.’ the writer combines the method, the general aim and the specific aim ofthe study in one sentence.In Sentences 3 and 4 ‘An ultrasonic cell was constructed to meas ure the speed of sound and tested in a crude oil sample. 4 The speed of sound was measured at temperatures between 260 and 411 K at pressures up to 75 MPs.’ the writer summarises the methodology and provides details.In Sentence 5 ‘Th e measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of the bubble point of the oil.’ the writer indicates the achievement of the study.In Sentence 6 ‘Th is indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining fluid density from sound speed measurements and suggests that it is possible to measure sound absorption with an ultrasonic cell to determine oil viscosity.’ the writer presents the implications of the study.Model 2KeyIn Sentence 1 ‘Th is paper reports the use of a novel water-soluble polymer blend as a coatin g to control drug release.’ the writer combines what the paper does (This paper reports), the method or materials used (water-soluble polymer blend), the contribution (novel) and the aim of thestudy (to control drug release).In Sentence 2 ‘It was found that using a blend of methylcellulose and a water-soluble copolymer significantly slowed the release rate of ibuprofen compounds in vitro and allowed for a more consistent release rate of 10–20% per hour.’ the writer refers to the method in more detail and provides numerical details of the results.3.2 The modelHere are the sentence descriptions we have collected:MODEL1MODEL 2Rather than construct two different models, the model description given in the box below will include both types of Abstracts. We can streamline the sentence types we have collected so that the model has five basic components.The more structured type, Model 1, typically includes the first four components in the box below in approximately the order presented; in this type of Abstract, each component tends to occur separately. These structured Abstracts occasionally include the fifth component, LIMITATIONS and/or FUTURE WORK.Model 2 selects just two or three of the components and tends to combine components in a single sentence where possible. The components generally include RESULTS and/or ACHIEVEMENTS and frequently METHODOLOGY, but this depends on the research area and the level of specificity. A wider research focus may require BACKGROUND or AIM in the Abstract. In Model 2, the order of components is very flexible indeed — the only pattern that is generally METHODOLOGY tends to come before RESULTS.Model5.4.2 Vocabulary for the Abstract 1. BACKGROUNDAIMPROBLEMWHAT THE PAPER DOESNote: It is also possible to use many of these verbs with it or, i.e. In this paper it is shown/argued that… or in the passive, i.e. A framework is presented…2. METHODOLOGY/MATERIALS3. RESULTSACHIEVEMENT/CONTRIBUTIONIMPLICATIONSYou can find more in Unit 3, Section 3.4.2, as well as examples of how these are used, but remember not to use the weaker forms such as seem to suggest or tend to be related to in the Abstract.4. APPLICATIONS5. LIMITATIONS and FUTURE WORKLimitations and future work are rarely mentioned in an Abstract and then only briefly.。

网络安全论文参考文献

网络安全论文参考文献网络安全是当前互联网时代一个重要而热门的话题，相关研究也相当丰富。

以下是一些网络安全论文的参考文献，涵盖了网络攻击、信息安全与隐私保护、网络入侵检测与防御等领域。

1. C. C. Zou, W. H. Dinnerstein, and S. J. Eidenbenz, "A survey of botnet technology and defenses," Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 139-147, 2010.2. H. B. Wang, D. P. Fan, and F. C. Li, "A new intrusion detection method based on unsupervised ensemble learning," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 646-655, 2013.3. W. Y. Guo, Y. L. Gao, and G. Li, "A survey of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and defense mechanisms," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 11, no. 6, 2015.4. G. Noubir, "Data privacy in the Internet of Things," Computer, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 68-72, 2015.5. A. Alrawais, B. Kolodziej, and A. M. Alhothaily, "Securing data storage in cloud computing," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 82, pp. 583-592, 2018.6. Z. L. Yang and K. L. Wu, "Email spam classification based on ensemble methods," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40, no. 17, pp. 6851-6865, 2013.7. Y. G. Li, G. M. Yang, and J. Yu, "Securing cloud data under key exposure: A game theoretic approach," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1122-1133, 2017.8. R. E. Bace and P. Mell, "NIST special publication on revising the 1995 security evaluation standards: What changed," Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 2008.9. S. Sezer et al., "Are we ready for SDN? Implementation challenges for software-defined networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 364-369, 2013.10. Y. X. Li, Z. Wang, and W. X. Zhou, "Botnet detection and defense using network traffic analysis techniques: A survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 905-927, 2017.以上文献仅为例子，网络安全领域的研究内容广泛，读者可以根据自身研究方向和需求进行选择和搜索。

抽象技术及其在蒙特卡洛树搜索中的应用研究综述

抽象技术及其在蒙特卡洛树搜索中的应用研究综述抽象技术及其在蒙特卡洛树搜索中的应用研究综述1. 引言随着计算机技术的发展，人工智能领域取得了长足的进步。

蒙特卡洛树搜索（Monte Carlo Tree Search，MCTS）作为一种强大的人工智能算法，广泛应用于各个领域，例如围棋、象棋、扑克等。

在MCTS算法的研究中，抽象技术起到了重要的作用。

本文旨在对抽象技术及其在MCTS中的应用进行综述，以期为深入理解MCTS算法的原理和应用提供参考。

2. 抽象技术概述抽象技术是通过将研究对象的某些细节或特征进行忽略，从而得到问题的简化描述或近似解的方法。

在蒙特卡洛树搜索中，抽象技术可以通过简化棋盘状态、减少搜索空间等方式来加快搜索速度，同时保持原问题的关键特征。

常用的抽象技术包括状态抽象、行动抽象和信息抽象。

3. 抽象技术在MCTS中的应用3.1 状态抽象状态抽象是指将复杂的游戏状态转化为简化的形式。

在MCTS 中，状态抽象可以用于减少搜索空间、去除冗余信息、降低计算复杂度等。

例如，在围棋中，可以将某些无关紧要的局面中的棋子合并为一个超级棋子。

这样可以大大减少搜索空间，提高MCTS的效率。

3.2 行动抽象行动抽象是指将具体的行动转化为抽象的行动。

在MCTS中，行动抽象可以用于减少搜索空间、合并相似的行动等。

例如，在象棋中，可以将某些相似的走法合并为一个抽象的走法，从而减少搜索的复杂度。

3.3 信息抽象信息抽象是指将游戏中的信息进行简化。

在MCTS中，信息抽象可以用于减少状态的表示维度、降低计算复杂度等。

例如，在扑克游戏中，可以将某些玩家的手牌信息进行抽象，只保留关键的信息，以减少搜索空间。

4. 抽象技术在不同领域的应用抽象技术在MCTS算法研究中有广泛的应用。

不同的领域可以利用不同的抽象技术进行问题简化。

以围棋为例，基于状态抽象的MCTS算法被广泛应用于AlphaGo等人工智能项目中。

通过精妙的状态抽象，AlphaGo在围棋领域取得了突破性的成果。

introduction to modern cryphtography书

Introduction to Modern CryptographyIntroductionCryptography plays a crucial role in ensuring the security of communication and data transmission in the modern digital world. With the increasing prominence of cyber attacks and the need for secure online transactions, it is essential to have a solid understanding of modern cryptography. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the book “Introduction to Modern Cryptography,” exploring its main topics and discussing their significance in today’s society.The Importance of CryptographyCryptography is the science of encoding and decoding information to protect its confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. In an era where sensitive information is constantly transmitted over the internet, cryptography is crucial for maintaining privacy and preventing unauthorized access. It provides a cryptographic framework that protects data from interception or alteration during transmission, ensuring secure communication and information security.History of CryptographyBefore diving into modern cryptography, it is important to understandits historical roots. Cryptography can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where secret codes and ciphers were used to protect messages during wars and conflicts. From the Caesar cipher to the Enigma machine, various encryption methods have been developed throughout history. The evolution of cryptography led to the birth of modern cryptographic algorithms and protocols, which are the focus of this book.Symmetric Key CryptographySymmetric key cryptography, also known as secret key cryptography, is one of the fundamental building blocks of modern cryptography. Itinvolves the use of a shared secret key by both the sender and the receiver to encrypt and decrypt messages. This section of the book covers symmetric key algorithms, including DES, AES, and their properties, such as key length and block size. Additionally, it explores modes of operation, like ECB, CBC, and counter mode, and their impact on confidentiality and integrity.Asymmetric Key CryptographyAsymmetric key cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, revolutionized the field of cryptography by introducing a new paradigm where different key pairs are used for encryption and decryption. The book delves into asymmetric key algorithms, such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), discussing their mathematical foundations and practical applications. It also explores the concept of digital signatures and the role of public key infrastructure (PKI) in establishing trust and authenticity.Cryptographic Hash FunctionsCryptographic hash functions are essential tools in modern cryptography as they provide data integrity and can verify the authenticity of information. This section of the book covers various hash algorithmslike MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256, explaining their properties, collision resistance, and the potential vulnerabilities of weaker hash functions. It also discusses practical applications, such as password hashing and digital certificates.Key Management and DistributionThe secure distribution and management of cryptographic keys arecritical aspects of modern cryptography. This book explores key distribution techniques, including Diffie-Hellman key exchange and key agreement protocols, such as Station-to-Station (STS) protocol. It also discusses key management practices, such as key generation, storage, and revocation, emphasizing the importance of secure key management systems in maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of encrypted data.Cryptographic Protocols and ApplicationsCryptographic protocols play a vital role in securing various applications and network communications. The book covers protocols like SSL/TLS for secure web browsing, IPsec for secure network communication, and SSH for secure remote access. It explains the underlying cryptographic mechanisms used in these protocols and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, it explores emergingapplications like secure multiparty computation and homomorphic encryption.Conclusion“Introduction to Modern Cryptography” pro vides a comprehensive exploration of the field, offering a solid foundation for understanding the principles and applications of modern cryptography. By studying this book, readers can gain valuable insights into the mathematical and practical aspects of cryptography and learn how to apply cryptographic techniques to protect sensitive information in the digital age. Cryptography continues to evolve, and this book serves as an excellent starting point for anyone aspiring to delve further into thisfascinating field.。

广东三水盆地布心组烃源岩干酪根类型

2021年7期科技创新与应用Technology Innovation and Application方法创新广东三水盆地布心组烃源岩干酪根类型*唐鑫萍（中国石油大港油田公司勘探开发研究院，天津300280）引言烃源岩是形成油气（烃类）的物质基础，也是石油地质学的根基所在。

干酪根（Kerogen ）是烃源岩中有机质的主体，由沉积物腐泥化及腐殖化过程形成，是一种成分结构均很复杂的高分子聚合物，约占总有机质的90%，甚至更多[1]。

前人大量研究表明，80%以上的石油烃是由干酪根转化而成[2-3]。

然而不同类型的干酪根具有不同的生油门限值、不同的生烃潜力、不同的生烃过程，也会形成的不同的烃类产物[4-7]。

因此干酪根类型是评价烃源岩的关键指标。

干酪根类型的研究方法有显微组分分析和元素分析两类。

前人的研究表明，显微组分分析可以对干酪根组分进行显微镜下直观的识别，但在定量评价方面具有一定模糊性；干酪根元素分析方法可以获得定量的元素组分、通过元素图版进行定量评价，但无法识别岩石显微组分，从而制约后续生烃潜力研究[1-3]。

因此，本文综合运用上述2种方法，首先开展干酪根显微组分分析、识别显微组分；然后开展干酪根元素分析，确定干酪根类型。

1地质背景三水盆地位于广东省中部，地跨清远市、佛山市、肇庆市、广州市等行政区域，面积为3375km 2[8]。

盆地构造位置处于华南大陆南缘，形成于晚白垩世时期华南陆缘的伸展-破裂作用。

在古生界海相碳酸盐岩基底之上，沉积了陆相成因的白垩系、古近系地层。

在新近纪时期盆地处于抬升剥蚀阶段，因此盆地缺失新近系地层，造成了第四系表土直接覆盖在古近系地层之上的沉积特征[9-10]。

古近摘要：为明确三水盆地布心组烃源岩干酪根类型，文章以布二段和布三段的暗色泥岩烃源岩为研究对象，综合运用显微组分分析和元素分析的方法开展干酪根类型专门研究。

取得了以下几点结论。

（1）布二段烃源岩干酪根样品中平均的腐泥组、壳质组、镜质组、惰质组分别占58%、10%、21%、11%，干酪根类型指数值36.25；布三段烃源岩干酪根样品中平均的腐泥组、壳质组、镜质组、惰质组分别占37%、15%、33%、15%，干酪根类型指数值4.75。

科学探索前沿的英语作文

Science is the backbone of modern society,driving innovation and shaping the world we live in.The frontiers of scientific exploration are vast and everexpanding, encompassing a wide range of fields from physics and chemistry to biology and astronomy.Here are some key areas where scientific exploration is making significant strides:1.Quantum Computing:Quantum computing is a revolutionary field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to process information.Unlike classical computers that use bits to represent data as0s or1s,quantum computers use quantum bits,or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously,offering exponential increases in computational power.2.Artificial Intelligence AI:AI is transforming the way we interact with technology. From machine learning algorithms that can predict market trends to neural networks that can recognize patterns in complex data sets,AI is becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable of tasks previously thought to be the domain of humans.3.Genetic Engineering:Advances in genetic engineering are opening up new possibilities for medicine and agriculture.Techniques like CRISPRCas9allow scientists to edit genes with unprecedented precision,potentially curing genetic diseases and improving crop yields.4.Nanotechnology:The manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale is enabling the creation of materials with novel properties.Nanotechnology has applications in medicine,electronics,and materials science,with the potential to revolutionize industries.5.Space Exploration:With missions to Mars and beyond,space exploration is entering a new era.The search for extraterrestrial life,the study of distant celestial bodies,and the development of technologies for longduration space travel are at the forefront of scientific inquiry.6.Climate Change Research:As the effects of climate change become more pronounced, research into understanding and mitigating its impacts is more critical than ever.This includes studying the Earths climate system,developing renewable energy sources,and creating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.7.Biotechnology:Biotechnology is the use of biological processes,organisms,or systems to create products and technologies.It encompasses a wide range of applications, from developing new pharmaceuticals to producing biofuels.8.Neuroscience:The study of the nervous system is revealing the complexities of the brain and its functions.Advances in neuroscience are leading to a better understanding of cognitive processes,mental health,and the potential for braincomputer interfaces.9.Synthetic Biology:Synthetic biology combines biology and engineering to design and construct new biological parts,devices,and systems.It has the potential to create organisms that can perform specific functions,such as producing biofuels or detecting environmental pollutants.10.Robotics:The field of robotics is advancing rapidly,with robots becoming more autonomous and capable of performing complex tasks.From surgical robots that can perform precise operations to drones that can map terrain and deliver goods,robotics is expanding the possibilities of automation.These frontiers of scientific exploration are not only pushing the boundaries of our knowledge but also offering solutions to some of the worlds most pressing challenges.As we continue to delve deeper into these areas,the potential for discovery and innovation is limitless.。

网络安全英语论文

网络安全英语论文With the rapid development of the internet, cybersecurity has become an increasingly important issue. The widespread use of the internet has brought about many conveniences, such as easy access to information and online communication. However, it has also created new opportunities for malicious activities, such as hacking, identity theft, and data breaches.One major challenge in cybersecurity is the protection of personal information. In today's digital age, personal data is often stored online, making it vulnerable to unauthorized access. Cybercriminals can exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems or use social engineering techniques to gain access to sensitive information. This can lead to significant financial losses for individuals and businesses, as well as serious breaches of privacy.To address these security risks, various measures have been implemented. One such measure is the use of encryption technology. Encryption involves converting data into a coded format so that it becomes unreadable to unauthorized parties. This helps to safeguard information during transmission and storage, making it more difficult for hackers to intercept or decipher.Another important aspect of cybersecurity is the identification and prevention of malware. Malware refers to malicious software designed to disrupt computer systems or gain unauthorized access. Common types of malware include viruses, worms, and trojans. To detect and prevent the spread of malware, antivirus programs and firewalls are commonly employed. These security tools regularly scan computer systems for potential threats and block suspiciousactivities.In addition to individual measures, cybersecurity also requires collaboration between governments, businesses, and individuals. Governments play a crucial role in implementing and enforcing cybersecurity regulations to protect national security and critical infrastructure. Businesses need to incorporate cybersecurity practices into their operations to safeguard their own data and that of their customers. Individuals, on the other hand, should be aware of the risks and take steps to protect themselves, such as using strong passwords, being cautious of phishing emails, and keeping their software up to date.In conclusion, the rise of the internet has brought about numerous benefits, but it has also posed significant cybersecurity challenges. Protecting personal information, utilizing encryption technology, and preventing malware are crucial aspects of cybersecurity. Moreover, collaboration between governments, businesses, and individuals is essential for comprehensive and effective cybersecurity. By addressing these issues, we can create a safer online environment for everyone.。

金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏表型和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的SCCmec基因分型

文章编号:1673 8640(2010)12 0934 06 中图分类号:R378.1 文献标识码:A金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏表型和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的SCCmec 基因分型吴爱武1, 招志翔1, 林红燕2(1.广州医学院检验系,广东广州510182;2.广州医学院第二附属医院,广东广州510260)摘要:目的研究从临床标本中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌(S A )的耐药性、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(M RSA )的发生率及其葡萄球菌盒式染体色m ec(SCCm ec)基因分型。

方法采用纸片琼脂扩散法进行SA 耐药性检测及MR S A 测定,应用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR )进行SCCmec 各基因型及PV 杀白细胞素(PVL )基因型的检测。

结果 102株S A 中检出39株M R S A,检出率为38.2%(39/102)。

甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(M SS A )对克林霉素、复方磺胺甲口恶唑、四环素3种抗菌药物耐药率较高,分别为39.7%、31.7%、22.2%;对庆大霉素及喹诺酮类耐药率较低,为6.3%~14.3%。

而MRS A 对克林霉素、内酰胺类抗菌药物100%耐药,对其他药物表现为多重耐药。

未检出万古霉素耐药菌株。

MRSA 菌株的SCCmec 基因型以SCCm ec 型为主,占71.2%,SCCm ec a 占10.3%,未检测出PVL 基因。

结论临床分离的S A 中,MRS A 耐药率较M SSA 高且表现为多重耐药,其SCCmec 基因分型主要表现为SCCmec 型,其次是SCCm ec a 。

关键词:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌;葡萄球菌盒式染色体m ec ;聚合酶链反应An ti m icrob i a l s u scep tibility pheno types of S taphy lococcus aureus strains and staphy l ococca l cassettechro m os o m e m ec geno types of m eth ic illi n resistant S taphy lococcus au reu s stra i n s WU A i w u 1,Z H AO Zhi x iang 1,LI N H ongyan 2. (1.T he F acult y of Laboratory M edicine ,Guangzhou M e d ical College ,Guangdong Guangzhou 510182,China ;2.T he Second Affiliate d H o sp ital of G uangzhou M edical Colle ge ,Guangdong Guangzhou 510260,Chi na) Abstract :O b jec ti ve To study the drug resistance o f S ta p hy lococcus aure u s (SA )stra i ns i solated fro m the c linical spec i m ens ,t he i nc i dence rate ofm e t h icillin res i stant S t ap hy lococcus aure us (M RSA )stra i ns and staphy l ococcal casse tte chrom oso m e m ec (S CC m ec)g enotypes ofM R S A stra i ns .M e thods The disc agar diff usi on test w as used to deter m i ne the drug resistance o f SA and M RSA stra i ns .T he m ulti p l ex po l ym erase cha i n reac ti on (PCR )w as used t o de tect SCCm ec genotypes and P an t on V alenti ne leuko cidi n (PVL )gene of M RSA stra i ns .Resu lts102SA i solates wereco llected ,o f w hich 39(38.2%)M R S A iso lates w ere d iscov ered .T he drug resistance rates of m ethicilli n sensiti ve S t aphylo coccus aureus (M SS A )stra i ns t o cli nda m yc i n ,su lfa m ethox azole and tetracyc li ne we re 39.7%,31.7%and 22.2%respecti ve l y .T he drug resistance rates o fM SSA stra i ns to gen ta m i c i n and qu i nolone w ere 6.3% 14.3%.The drug resistance rates of M RSA strains to cli ndamyc i n and beta lacta m antibiotics w ere all 100%,and the m a j or ity o f M R S A iso lates showed m ulti drug resistance .The vancomyc i n resistant SA iso l a tes had not been d iscove red .Among a ll M R S A iso lates ,the genotype SCCm ec was 71.2%,t he genotype SCCm ec a was 10.3%,and PVL gene had no tbeen discovered .Conc l u si on s Am ong all SA stra i ns i so lated from c li n ical spec i m ens ,t he MR S A iso l a tes s how m ulti drug resistance and g rea ter resi stance than the M SS A i so lates .Among a ll M R S A i so lates ,t he SCCm ec geno t ype ism a i nly SCC m ec ,w hich is foll ow ed by SCCm ec a .K ey words :M eth i c illin res i stan t Staphy lococcus aure us ;Staphy l ococcal cassette chromo so m e m ec ;Po ly m erase chain reac tion基金项目:第8轮广东省高等学校重点扶持学科基金资助项目[粤教科(2007)26号]作者简介:吴爱武,女,1966年生,硕士,主任技师,主要从事常见病原菌耐药性研究。