【托福阅读题型】否定事实信息题实例解析(四)

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托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)

托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。

托福阅读事实信息题

托福阅读事实信息题
TOEFL阅读部分常出现的题型之一是事实信息题（Factual Information Questions）。

这类题目要求考生根据所阅读的文章内容，找出对应的事实细节。

下面是一些解题技巧：
1. 从关键词入手：阅读题干时，注意关键词，即与题目相关的人名、地名、时间、数字等。

例如，题目中出现"According to the passage"、"In the third paragraph"等引导词，都提醒了你需要在特定的句子或段落中寻找答案。

2. 借助同义词或近义词：有时题干与文章中原文的措辞可能不完全一致，可能使用了同义词或近义词。

通过理解关键词的核心意思，仔细寻找与之相关的表达。

3. 注意特殊标志词：一些文章中会使用特殊的标志词来引出某个具体的事实。

例如："For example"、"In addition"、"Firstly"等，这些标志词通常表示作者要提及具体的事实细节。

4. 把握段落大意：阅读文章时要把握每个段落的大意。

如果题目中没有指明具体的句子，可能需要根据整个段落的内容进行判断。

5. 学会排除选项：当遇到一个复杂的题目时，先排除掉明显错误的答案选项。

这样可以减少选项的数量，提高正确答案的概率。

总之，事实信息题需要考生在阅读文段时注意细节，掌握文章
的核心内容和特定事实细节。

通过多做练习和实践，提高对语言和文章的理解能力，有助于提高在托福阅读中的得分。

如何解答托福阅读否定事实题

如何解答托福阅读否定事实题本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！否定事实题，在托福阅读考试中是最让同学们感到烦恼的，因为这让同学们花费了太多的时间，那么接下来就和出国留学网来看看如何解答托福阅读否定事实题？打蛇打七寸—寻找逻辑词何谓逻辑词？即because，therefore，nevertheless，in contrast…，但我们在否定事实题里找的不是它们而是to begin with，and，furthermore，in addition，last but not least，finally。

因为这类词的每一次出现通常对应的就是一个选项。

例如：TPO 21 The Origins of AgricultureParagraph 1：How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers （the Southeast Asian mainland，Southwest Asia，Central America，lowland and highland South America，and equatorial Africa）at more or less the same time？Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture hadno immediate advantages. To start with，it forced the population to abandon the nomad＇s life and become sedentary，to develop methods of storage and，often，systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted，this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore，as the archaeological record shows，the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.2. According to paragraph 1，all of the following are advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture EXCEPT：A. It is a healthier lifestyle.B. It requires less knowledge of plants and animals.C. It does not need storage capabilities.D. It is not tied to any specific location.读完题目后，同学们在回看文章的时候都应该注意到to start with，furthermore 这类逻辑联系词。

托福阅读题型

托福阅读题型1.事实信息题(Factual information)事实信息题是托福阅读中数量最多的题型，在每篇阅读文章中都会有3-6题为事实信息题。

这个题型如同其字面含义，就是考察大家对阅读文章中包含的各类信息的掌握程度。

这类题目的提问方式主要有两种，分别是：According to the paragraph，...?The author's description of X mentions which of the following?2.否认事实信息题(Negative Factual Infomation)这个题型和上面的事实信息题正好相反，如果说事实信息题问的是文章里讲了什么，那么否认事实信息题问的就是文章里没讲没有提及什么。

这类题型的考察目的和事实信息题相同，也是考察考生对文章包含信息的了解。

每篇文章中这样的题目数量最多2题，也有可能1道都没有。

这个题型的提问方式是：According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of X?The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...3.暗示推理题(Inference)这个题型同样问的是事实，但并不是文章直接提到的事实，而是需要考生结合文章给出信息进行一定推理后得出的结论，对考生的逻辑推理分析能力有一定要求。

这个题型每篇阅读中都会有1到3题，常见提问方式是：Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X...Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?4.修辞目的题(Rhetorical Purpose)这个题型的题数为1-2题，光看名字似乎有点不太好理解，其实通俗来说就是问目的或者说原因，比如作者会什么要提某人某事，或者作者提及某人某事是为了什么等等。

小托福阅读否定事实信息题解析及答题技巧

小托福阅读否定事实信息题解析及答题技巧否定事实信息题是小托福阅读的特殊题型，它要求我们同学们从四个选项中寻找一个错误的信息，作为最后的正确答案，下面为大家带来小托福阅读否定事实信息题解析，文章通过两个例子进行了分析，具体查看下文：TOEFLJunior阅读否定事实信息题与细节题十分类似，都是考察同学们对原文段落细节信息的把握。

在做TOEFLJunior阅读否定事实信息题时要关注细节题干扰项特点，因为往往细节题中的干扰项就是我们此类题目中的正确答案。

下面我们就来具体看看这种题目的解题要点。

一般此类题目题干中都会有大写加粗的NOT或者EXCEPT，同学们可以通过这两个明显的标记来识别否定事实信息题。

解题时我们可以把这种题型再细分成两小类。

我个人把他们称为客观细节筛选以及主观评论判断。

一般题目都要我们找的是原文没有提及过的一个信息点。

比如原文谈到了加入垒球队的好处，选项中有一个不是其中之一;又比如原文提到了对于昆虫有驱赶作用的食物，选项中有一个不是。

这些题目的最后答案都是原文未提及的。

所以这就只需要我们同学们进行精确定位后直接将原文的内容与选项进行比对就可以得出答案了。

当然这也要求我们同学们有一定的对同意转换辨析的能力，原文的信息有时未必直接作为选项出现，会有所改动，因此我们做题时也要注意是否存在同义词或词性的转换。

同时定位时也要注意，有时答案不是只在一段中，可能会横跨两段。

例：One possibility would be to use plants with strong smells, like garlic or pine, to keep insects away. Unfortunately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too.A more promosing repellent is citrinella oil, which comes from a type of a lemongrasss.Which substance is NOT mentioned as being unpleasant to insects?A.PineB.FlourC.GarlicD.Citronella oil这道题题干中的substance与原文的plant对应，是我们的定位词，回到原文中找到以上的句子，分别是一段的段末和下一段的段首，A，C，D都提及了，只有B选项未提及，所以最后B是正确答案。

托福阅读否定事实信息题

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT
2. 做题方法
2.1 步骤
读题目，找线索读选项，找关键词读原文，排除选项
2.1.1真题演练一
TPO27-PASSAGE1：Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements . A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute . But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history.

托福阅读否定事实信息题3大考点实例讲解

托福阅读否定事实信息题3大考点实例讲解托福阅读考试中有一种名为否定事实信息题的题型，这种题型的特点就是会在题干中假如一个EXCEPT或者NOT来让考生进行选项排解式的解题。

今日我给大家带来了托福阅读否定事实信息题3大考点实例讲解，盼望可以关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读否定事实信息题3大考点实例讲解托福阅读否定事实信息题考点：对文章或段落主题抓取力量的考察答题时留意看每个选项，尤其是当选项中消失了在该段落中没有的词句时，就可以考虑可能会有某个选项跟本段甚至整片文章的主题是相悖的。

请看下面例题：Decades before this disaster,environmentalist had predicted just such an enormous oil spill in this areabecause of the treacherous nature of the waters due to the submerged reefs,icebergs, and violent storms there. They had urged that oil be transported tothe continental United States by land-based pipeline rather than by oil tankeror by undersea pipeline to reduce the potential damage to the environment posedby the threat of an oil spill.Which point is NOT made by theenvironmentalist mentioned in paragraph 2?A. That a huge oil spill in thewaters off Alaska was possible.B. That the waters off the coastof Alaska were dangerous for ships.C. That oil tanker should not beused to transport oil from Alaska.D. That an undersea pipeline waspreferable to a land-based pipeline.这道题题干中提到的environmentalist是整个该段的主语，故不能作为关键信息词。

托福阅读鸡肋题型否定事实信息题解题方法实例讲解

托福阅读鸡肋题型否定事实信息题解题方法实例讲解托福阅读10大题型中的否定事实信息题Negative Factual Information Question一直被认为是比较鸡肋的题型，今天给大家来托福阅读鸡肋题型否定事实信息题解题方法实例讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读鸡肋题型否定事实信息题解题方法实例讲解托福阅读否定事实信息题基本题型特点介绍首先来看一下到底什么是否定事实信息题Negative Factual Information Question，这一题型在看来其实类似事实信息题，只不过其提问方式是反过来的，别人问的哪个选项在*中有提到，而否定事实信息题则是问以下哪个选项*里没有提到或是不正确，下面给出两个此题型的标准提问方式：1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?2. The authors description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT.大家可以看到，这两种提问方式，都是和事实信息题反其道而行的提问方式，如果说事实信息题考生无需看完全部选项，只要依次看选项，看到哪一个*里有提到就能直接选的话，那么否定事实信息题就要求考生必须把所有的选项都仔细过一遍才能比较容易的发现正确选项。

为什么说否定事实信息题是鸡肋题型?之所以把否定事实信息题成为鸡肋题型，主要原因还是在于解答这类题型投入的时间精力和回报并不成比了，简单来说，如果不掌握正确方法，做这类题型基本上都是在做亏本买卖。

而会招致这种鸡肋评价的原因主要有两点：1. 正常流程解题耗时多如上文所说，考生按照正常流程解答否定事实信息题的耗时是比较多的，因为每道题目4个选项中，有3个选项是*中提到过或是符合*内容的选项，为了确认这些选项的正确性考生往往会逐一到*里去寻找各个选项的对应内容，之后才能找到哪个选项没有提到或是存在错误。

【托福阅读题型】否定事实信息题实例解析

【托福阅读题型】否定事实信息题实例解析（四）否定事实信息题是托福阅读的最常见题型之一，因为此题需要用排除法，且通常要阅读四句话以上的文字，它相当于四道事实信息题，所以它属于比较耗费时间的题型。

那么，下面我们就为大家带来相关的例题。

托福阅读否定事实信息题例题4：Paragraph 3：Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemicalproperties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in asystematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those propertiesovertime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layeringoccurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can bedated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climatethat can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usuallyreferred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructedfrom ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shellsembedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment coresfrom the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, and icecores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistentindications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there arenonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern oftemperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly fromeach other.Paragraph 4：What the proxy records make abundantly clear is that there havebeen significant natural changes in the climate over timescales longer than a few thousand years. Equally striking, however, is the relative stability of the climate in the past 10.000 years (the Holocene period).According to paragraphs 3 and 4, proxy data have suggested all of the following about the climate EXCEPT:1.Regional climates may change overtime.2.The climate has changed very little in the past 10.000 years.3.Global temperatures vary more than regional temperatures.4.Important natural changes in climate have occurred over large timescales. 托福阅读否定事实信息题练习题答案：3。

托福阅读否定事实信息题解题思路实例分析

托福阅读否定事实信息题解题思路实例分析在托福阅读的8大题型中，有些题型因为其更高的出现频率和难度分值而凶名在外成为考生备考的焦点，今天给大家带来托福阅读否定事实信息题解题思路实例分析,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

【技巧讲解】托福阅读否定事实信息题解题思路实例分析什么是托福阅读否定事实信息题?按照托福官方指南OG中的说法，托福阅读否定事实题，又叫Negative Factual Infomation，是一种让考生判断*段落中哪些信息没有提到的题型，其题型出现频率并不高，一般每篇*中会出现0-2题，个人体感以1道题居多。

这种题型的提问方式很有意思，主要有以下这几种形式：According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?The authors description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...可以看到，题目中突出的就是NOT以及EXCEPT。

这种题目看似只要让大家分析一下选项就能做好，但实际上比起一般的事实信息题却更有难度，考生如果看*不够仔细，就很容易在这个题型上栽跟头。

托福阅读否定事实信息题难点分析托福阅读否定事实信息题的扣分点主要有两个，一个是需要考生完整读完整个段落，充分理解所有细节后才能更好地做出判断，这就会要求大家花更多时间在读*上，会增加考生的时间消耗。

另一个则是存在刻意为之的干扰选项，这类选项中会包含一部分在原文中能够找到的关键词，但实际上并不符合题目提问的要求。

考生如果单纯按照返回原文定位的方式来解题，常会被这类干扰选项所迷惑而做出错误判断。

实例讲解托福阅读否定事实信息题解题思路那么，考生如何才能做好托福阅读的否定事实信息题呢?比起单纯将理论，下面就通过实例来为大家分析具体思路。

例题：Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes. Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visual arts,architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:A. Architecture is visual art.B. Architecture reflects the cultural values of its creators.C. Architecture has both artistic and scientific dimensions.D. Architecture has an indirect effect on life.解题思路分析做好否定事实信息题，希望大家能够按照三个标准步骤进行解答，以保证更有条理性，减少或避免干扰选项给大家造成的误导。

托福阅读否定事实

托福阅读否定事实许多考托福的同学做到否定事实即except 题时常常问我：“老师，这题型解答起来十分耗时，你有没有一些方法让我能快速又正确地解答啊。

”没错，做完一道否定事实题往往需要把整个自然段看完，因为选项都是均匀地分散在自然段的各个句子中，并且大部分的题目也不能像事实题那样用题目的关键词定位。

然而，同学们不用惊慌，否定事实题的难度大部分都属中等。

只要我们单词量足够，正确率是能够保证的。

事实上，否定事实题存在的目的就是要消耗考生的做题时间和耐心，所以“妖” --- 捉摸不定的感觉即来源于此。

那我们应该如何收拾这只小恶魔呢？且看以下方法。

打蛇打七寸—寻找逻辑词何谓逻辑词？即because, therefore, nevertheless,in contrast…,但我们在否定事实题里找的不是它们而是 to begin with, and, furthermore, in addition, last but not least, finally。

因为这类词的每一次出现通常对应的就是一个选项。

例如:TPO 21 The Origins of AgricultureParagraph 1: How did it e about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time?Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and bee sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.2. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture EXCEPT:A. It is a healthier lifestyle.B. It requires less knowledge of plants and animals.C. It does not need storage capabilities.D. It is not tied to any specific location.读完题目后，同学们在回看文章的时候都应该注意到 to start with, furthermore 这类逻辑联系词。

2016年托福阅读题型之否定事实信息题常用套路

2016 年托福阅读题型之否定事实信息题常用套路在托福阅读中，有一类别致的题型叫作否定事实信息类问题(Negative Factual Information Questions)。

这类问题考察考生区别真实信息与虚假信息的能力。

要分辨这种题型非常容易，因为题干中会出现大写的拒绝(“NOT”或“EXCEPT”)引起我们的注意。

例如：The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?当我们看到“EXCEPT”或“NOT”这两个词的时候，就要马上反应过来这道题问的是以下哪个选项为否定事实信息。

为了便于理解，我们把这种信息叫做虚假信息，也就是原文中没有说明是正确的信息。

下面为大家梳理一下虚假信息的三大套路：自相矛盾、无中生有、答非所问。

一否定事实信息题自相矛盾第一种情况是选项信息与原文相矛盾，错误表述文中的信息或观点。

例如下题：According to paragraph 6,all of the following statements aretrue of plants in the alpine zone EXCEPT:○ Because they are low, they are less exposed to strong winds.○ Because they are low, the winter snow cover gives them moreprotection from the extreme cold.○ In the equatorial mountains, they tend to be lower than inmountains elsewhere.○ Their low growth form keeps them closer to the ground, where thereis more heat than further up.这道题的选项 1 改写原文“… avoid theworst rigors of high winds…”;选项 2 对应原文“…take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover”;选项 4 对应原文“…make use of the higher temperaturesimmediately adjacent to the ground surface” ;选项 3 中的“lower”与原文之中“the low growth form is lessprevalent”相矛盾，因此该选项为虚假信息，选作本题的答案。