专四语法重点难点
英语四级考试语法难点解析语法难点解析掌握语法知识点
英语四级考试语法难点解析语法难点解析掌握语法知识点英语四级考试语法难点解析在英语四级考试中，语法部分是考生普遍认为比较难的一部分，很多考生在备考过程中都会遇到各种各样的语法难点。
本文将针对一些常见的语法难点进行解析，帮助考生更好地掌握语法知识点。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中最基本也是最重要的规则之一。
简单来说，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
但在实践中，有一些特殊情况容易导致主谓不一致。
1. 复数主语加上each, every, no, many a等词修饰时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
例如：Every student has to hand in the assignment.每个学生都得交作业。
2. 当主语由and连接的两个或两个以上名词组成，如果表示同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
如果表示不同事物或不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.（表示作为一种食物的概念）面包和黄油是我最喜欢的早餐。
John and Mary are my best friends.（表示两个不同的人）约翰和玛丽是我最好的朋友。
二、冠词的使用冠词在英语语法中也是一个比较常见的难点。
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。
定冠词the通常用于特指某个人或物，而不定冠词a/an用于泛指一个人或物。
以下是冠词使用的一些难点：1. 对于形容词最高级前的名词，如果该名词是可数名词的单数形式，前面要加上定冠词the；如果该名词是可数名词的复数形式或者不可数名词，前面不加冠词the。
例如：He is the tallest boy in the class.他是班上最高的男孩。
She is the most beautiful girl in the city.她是城里最美丽的女孩。
2. 在表示职业、宗教、国籍等名词前，可以用不定冠词a或an表泛指，也可以用定冠词the表特指。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专业四级词汇语法的重点难点有哪些
专业四级词汇语法的重点难点有哪些对于英语专业的学生来说，专业四级考试是一项重要的学业水平测试。
而在备考过程中，词汇和语法无疑是两个关键的部分。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨一下专业四级词汇语法中的重点难点。
一、词汇部分1、词汇量的积累专业四级要求考生具备较大的词汇量，不仅要掌握常见的基础词汇，还需要熟悉一些较为生僻和专业性较强的词汇。
这就需要考生在日常学习中注重积累，通过阅读、背诵单词书等方式不断扩充词汇量。
2、词义辨析很多单词虽然意思相近，但在具体语境中的用法和含义却有所不同。
例如，“acquire”“obtain”“gain”都有“获得”的意思，但“acquire”更强调通过努力、学习等方式逐步获得知识、技能等；“obtain”则侧重于通过某种手段或途径得到；“gain”更侧重于在竞争或努力中获得。
3、词汇的搭配词汇的搭配也是一个重点。
比如，“make a decision”“take a shower”“have a rest”等，这些固定的搭配需要考生牢记，否则在使用时容易出现错误。
4、词汇的派生和变形英语单词有很多的派生和变形，如名词变形容词、动词变名词等。
例如，“happy”（形容词）→“happiness”（名词）；“develop”（动词）→“development”（名词）。
考生需要熟悉这些变化规则，以便在阅读和写作中准确理解和运用单词。
二、语法部分1、时态和语态时态和语态是语法中的重点和难点。
英语中有十六种时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
每种时态都有其特定的用法和时间标志词，考生需要准确掌握。
语态包括主动语态和被动语态，在理解和翻译句子时，要能够正确判断使用哪种语态。
2、虚拟语气虚拟语气是很多考生感到头疼的一个语法点。
它用于表示假设、愿望、建议等与事实相反或不太可能发生的情况。
例如，“If I were you, I would do it differently”（如果我是你，我会做得不一样。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first. Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet 连用。
(完整word版)专四语法重点总结,推荐文档
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：homework4. 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如：different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点：必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式：1)‘名词+基数词’，不用冠词，如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词（all both such) -----冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定形容词（a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词（one ) 序数词（first)------------ 表示性质，状态，质量的形容词（good useful)--------------表示大小，长短，形状的形容词----------------表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词-----------表示材料，用做形容词的名词----------动名词，分词2．后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3．形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时，必须后置4．enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后，但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时，必须后置5．有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’，‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6．much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词7．more 不能用来修饰比较级8．与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9．as much of a……意为称得上，less of a 意为算不上10．none other than(不是别人，正是）=no other than11．any/sone/every与other连用时，其后若用可数名词，一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1．can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不，只能（but后跟不带to的动词不定式）2．must 表示禁止，一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3．need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4．need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事（经常考）虚拟语气1．It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2．It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3．as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设，从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet 连用。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句.一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one。
(2008, 53）A。
when B. that C. which D。
what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend，he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. （2008，55）A. Much though B。
Much as C。
As much D。
Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak。
（2008，54）A。
for which B。
for that C。
in that D. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____。
(2008, 60）A。
it could be B。
could be C。
it was D。
was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. （2009，60) A。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It’s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。
最新完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。
考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
英语专业四级语法难点攻略
英语专业四级语法难点攻略语法是英语学习的基础，对于英语专业四级考试而言，掌握语法难点是非常重要的。
本文将针对英语专业四级语法难点进行详细的分析和攻略，帮助考生能够更好地应对考试。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中的基本规则之一。
它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
然而，在实际运用中，考生常常会犯以下错误：1.复数主语+单数谓语：例如：The group of students is going on a trip. 正确应该是"The group of students are going on a trip."2.集体名词作主语时，既可以用单数谓语也可以用复数谓语：例如：The audience was/were excited. 但需要注意的是，如果强调集体中的个体，应使用复数谓语。
攻略：练习时要注意动词与主语的一致，特别是当主语为复数形式但含义为单数时。
要对常见的集体名词的用法有所了解，尤其是与个体强调语法特点。
二、动词时态动词时态在英语语法中占据重要位置，它用来表示一个动作或状态发生的时间。
在英语专业四级考试中，考生常常会遇到以下难点：1.过去完成时与过去完成进行时：过去完成时常用于过去的某个动作发生之后，再发生的动作之前。
而过去完成进行时则表示过去某一时间段正在进行的动作，常和表示有限制的时间状语连用。
2.情态动词应用：情态动词有一些特殊的用法，如情态动词can表示能力、may表示可能性等。
攻略：掌握各种时态的用法，尤其要注意它们的时间关系，多进行练习，增加熟练度。
针对情态动词，需要理解其不同的含义，学会根据不同的上下文进行正确选择。
三、非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中一个重要的考点，它包括不定式、动名词和分词，攻克好这个难点非常关键：1.不定式的主动形式与被动形式：在句中使用不定式时，需要注意主动形式与被动形式的区别以及正确的搭配。
2.动名词和动词不定式的区别：动名词和动词不定式在形式和用法上有所差异，需要注意它们在句子中的作用和搭配。
专四语法难点
1. Proportion同part的比较：作名词时，两者都可表示“部分”，只是前者只能作名词和动词，而后者还可作形容词和副词，词性比较广。
proportion同part之间在程度上地差异一直都比较模糊，没有明确指明。
a proportion与整体(whole)间存在着一个定量关系，即某个部分占整体的几分之几，或占百分之多少(ratio)。
因proportion能体现比例，然后可与其他部分进行比较，所以proportion较part而言，被认为更精确更好。
2. Yetadv. 还，已经，仍然conj. 然而，但是She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her.He hasn't done much yet.3. Shortcoming: 指一般的缺点。
Weakness: a weak point in a system, 强调某方面的弱点。
Defect: 缺点、缺陷。
尤指性格缺陷。
Demerit: 缺点、过失。
侧重过失。
4. would sooner/ rather句子的两个主语不相同：用主语+would sooner/rather+主语+过去时（虚拟语气）结构。
E.g.: would you like him to paint it?No, Id sooner he didn’t paint it.5．反意疑问句反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句构成的。
①She often has lunch at school, doesn't she?②You don't like sports, do you?使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？否定+肯定？如：①You can't do it, can you?②They are very late for the meeting, aren't they?二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。
专四语法总结
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I ll tell him whe n you will ring aga in.我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I 'll tell him whe n you ring agai你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it)后的that 从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn ' t know t answer to last time.(include 不能用will include 或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
女口：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back nextyear.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months主句用现在完成时，但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
2023年英语专业四级考前快速复习及难点解析
英语专业四级考前快速复习语法词汇集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词, 如: police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等, 通常作复数, 用复数动词。
如: Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词, 如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词, 随后的动词用单数。
例如: All the machinery in the factory is made in China.(3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词, 如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等, 既可作单数, 也可作复数用。
(The city council is meeting to set its agenda.(4) a committee, etc.of +复数名词(假如主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成, 随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：(A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.(近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn-out这组词均具有“疲倦的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息, 还可指因长期做某事而失去爱好。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲倦, 一到家就上床睡觉去了。
专四常考语法点汇总.doc
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句 = 主句 +从句（ 1 个或 1 个以上）要点1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had tostay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009 ，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask meto work overtime withoutpay.（2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ thathe paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if 9Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was onanswer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：If 如果unless 如果不；除非as long as 只要so long as 只要on condition that条件是in the event that 如果，在的情况下provided/providing that 假如given that 如果suppose/supposing that 假如assuming (that ) 假如say 假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：though/although 虽然even if/even though 即使no matter + 疑问词无论疑问词 +ever 无论in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管much as 不管尽管for all that 尽管as/though granted/granting (that ) 虽然，尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties,he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了 although 或 though ，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but ，但是though 可以和 yet 连用。
英语专业四级语法复习要点
英语专业四级语法复习要点一、名词名词是英语八大词类之一，用来表示人、动物、事物、地点等具体或抽象的事物。
名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分。
1. 可数名词可数名词可以用一个数词或代数词表示单数或复数。
需要注意以下几个要点：- 单数名词通常可以在前面加上不定冠词"a"或"an"表示单数，例如：a book（一本书）。
- 复数名词通常可以在前面加上不定冠词"some"或"any"表示复数，例如：some books（一些书）。
- 有些名词的复数形式与单数形式相同，例如：deer（鹿）和sheep （羊）。
- 有些名词的复数形式要加上"-s"，例如：books（书）和cats（猫）。
- 有些名词的复数形式要加上"-es"，例如：watches（手表）和boxes（盒子）。
2. 不可数名词不可数名词通常表示抽象概念、物质、液体等无法具体计数的事物。
以下是一些常见的不可数名词：- information（信息）- water（水）- milk（牛奶）- money（钱）- knowledge（知识）- advice（建议）- weather（天气）二、代词代词用来代替名词，起到替代作用。
根据具体使用情况，代词可分为不同类型。
1. 人称代词人称代词用来代替人或事物的人称，分为主格和宾格两种形式：- 主格：I（我）、you（你/您）、he（他）、she（她）、it（它）、we（我们）、they（他们/她们/它们）- 宾格：me（我）、you（你/您）、him（他）、her（她）、it （它）、us（我们）、them（他们/她们/它们）2. 物主代词物主代词用来表示所属关系，分为形容词性和名词性两种类型：- 形容词性物主代词：my（我的）、your（你/您的）、his（他的）、her（她的）、its（它的）、our（我们的）、their（他们/她们/它们的）- 名词性物主代词：mine（我的）、yours（你/您的）、his（他的）、hers（她的）、its（它的）、ours（我们的）、theirs（他们/她们/它们的）3. 相互代词相互代词用来表示彼此关系，常用的相互代词有：- each other（彼此之间）- one another（彼此之间）三、动词动词是句子的核心，并用于表示行为、状态、存在等。
专四语法重难点
英语专四语法总结—不定式不定式 1.不定式做主语 (1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。
如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device. (2)不定式做主语补足语： 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。
注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。
如： be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth. 2.不定式做宾语 掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词： afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。
如： Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room. 3.不定式做定语 (1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the usefulinstruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It’s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。
专四语法重点难点资料
On hearing the bad news, she cried.
I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.
2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done
用虚拟语气的其他一些情况
• 3.在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来 的句子中，有时候上下文或其他方式也能 表示假设情况，这时仍需用虚拟语气。例 如：
• It would have been considered impossible in the past.
用虚拟法 （倒装） • Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we
动名词的时态和语态
1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如G.的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时
发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。
We are interested in _____ (play) chess.
如G.的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之 前，通常用完成式。
I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是
• = If I hadn’t been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.
• （前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise
Eg. I was too busy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you.
The Gerund
英语专业四级语法重点
英语专业四级语法重点、难点：定语从句1.Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the su**ce. (2003)A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which（C，关系代词在从句中做定语。
“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。
”）2.Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are（D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they 是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配。
）3.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. (1994)A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As （D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。
“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。
”）4.This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996)A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what （B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。
”）5. The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997)A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is（C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。
专四语法重点总结
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次１。
在使用两个以上得人称代词时顺序就是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. ｅｖｅｒyone后面不可以跟ｏf短语every one 就可以3、以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)／形容词/副词／动词不定式’构成得复合名词,它得复数形式就是将作为主要部分得名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾得复合名词得复数形式就是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘ｍａn 或者woman+名词’构成得复合名词得复数形式就是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾得复合名词无复数形式如:homｅwork4。
物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:dｉfferent tｅas5、当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’得抽象概念时其前可加a/ａn6。
名词所有格要点:必须用’ｓ得场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值得名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体得词组在最后一个词加'ｓ３)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面得名词就是人们熟悉得建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6)当被修饰得名词后有同位语时,必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’ｓsｈoｅs 儿童鞋必须用of得场合1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7、如果dozeｎ／sｃore/hundred／tｈoｕsaｎd／milｌion前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切得数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序得两种方式:1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chaｐter foｕr2)’the＋序数词+名词‘如ｔhe Ｆｏｕrth Chａpteｒ9、倍数增减得表示法１) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than２) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数＋名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数５)动词+to+数词6) double/ｔｒｉple/ｑuadｒuplｅ+名词7)动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10、分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一得其她情况下为复数11。
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不带“ 的不定式 不带“to”的不定式
• 使用不带“to”的不定式的几种句型 • (1) 口语中，以why开头的简单问句 • Why do it that way? 为什么用这种方法来 做这事呢？ • Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去 散散步呢？
• (2) 在had better, would rather... (than)..., would ... rather than, would sooner ... (than), can not but..., can't help but..., may (might) as well... (不妨...)等 习惯用法中 • Examples • Since she is angry, we had better let her alone. • Rather than beg in the street, he would prefer to die of hunger. (He would rather die of hunger than beg in the street...) • I couldn't help but wait for the next bus to come.
专四词汇大纲
2007年语法
51. There are as good fish in the sea __ ever came out of it. A. than B. like C. as D. so
【解析】答案选C。 解析】答案选C There's as good fish in the sea as 为英语谚语， ever came out of it. 为英语谚语， 其意为：海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。 其意为：海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。 可理解为：纵然失去一个机会， 可理解为：纵然失去一个机会，不愁 没有其他机会。 没有其他机会
62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 【解析】答案选B。not more ...than…的 意思为“与其说是……，不如说是 ……”，句意为“与其说是威胁了人类 发展，还不如说是威胁了环境”。
56. She __________ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been 【解析】答案选D。must have done表示对过去 情况的推测，其意为“一定……”。
59. The student points in the impossible to A. had found C. has found
said there were a few essay he __________ comprehend. B. finds D. would find
答案选A 因主句为过去式， 答案选A。因主句为过去式，从句表示过去 的过去，故用过去完成时。 的过去，故用过去完成时。
不定式的时态
• 一般式 • to write • to be written • 完成 • to have written • to have been written • 进行 to be writing • 完成进行 to have been writing
如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后(或 不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后 或 发生在谓语动作之后 与之同时发生或将要发生)， 与之同时发生或将要发生 ，用一般时
57. It is not __________ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. that B. as C. so D. very 【解析】答案选C。not so much ...as 为惯用表达，其意为“与其说……不 如说……”。
61.The research requires more money than __________. A. have been put in B. has been put C. being put in D. to be 【解析】答案选B。than后面是省略了it，还 解析】答案选B than后面是省略了it， 后面是省略了it 原应该是..than in。 原应该是..than it has been put in。
good
• • • • • (a) （数目﹑ 数量等）很大的, 很多的: a good many people 很多人 * We've come a good way/distance. 我们是远道而来的. 我们是远道而来的 (b) 与表示量度﹑ 数量等的短语连用) not less than; rather more than 不少於; 稍多於: We waited for a good hour. • 我们足足等了一小时 我们足足等了一小时.
63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young. A. being B. would be C. be D. to be 解析】答案选D 介词后介词there be结构时 结构时， 【解析】答案选D。介词后介词there be结构时， 其中的be通常要用being 但有个例外， be通常要用being， 其中的be通常要用being，但有个例外，就是介词 for后接 后接there be结构时 其中的be通常要用to 结构时， be通常要用 for后接there be结构时，其中的be通常要用to be。 be。 比较： 比较：They planned on there being another 他们打算再开一次会议。 meeting. 他们打算再开一次会议。They planned for there to be another meeting. 他们打算再 开一次会议。 开一次会议。
跟不带“to”的不定式作宾补的 v:
• see, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice 等感官 v 及 let, make, have, keep. • The teacher makes us write a composition every week.. （被动语态中要加上“to”）
55.Linda was __________ the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute. A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been starting 【解析】答案选B。“was / were+不定式 完成式”的意思是本想做某事（但实际上 未做成）。
• (3) 在do nothing/anything/everything but (except) 结构中 • Last night I did nothing but watch TV. • John will do anything but work on a farm.
不定式的语态
• 主动语态 the last person to leave • 被动语态 the person to be relied on • 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者， 用被动语态 • He is believed to be elected monitor. • The house to be built is our dining room. • The book is said to have been translated into many languages. • It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
60.He would have finished his college education, but he __________to quit and find a job to support his family. A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 【解析】答案选C。have to的过去式为had to。
President’ 【解析】答案选B。All the President’s 解析】答案选B 为书名，故用单数。 Men 为书名，故用单数。
53. “You ___ borrow my notes them.” provided you take care of them.” I told my friend. A. could B. should C. must D. can
• He is determined to work harder next term. • I'm sorry to hear the news. • She is supposed to leave for New York next week.
如不定式（动态动词） 如不定式（动态动词）表示的动作与 谓语动作发生在同一时间， 谓语动作发生在同一时间，用进行时 • I'm glad to be working with you. • They seem to be having a meeting. • 不定式动作先于谓语动作 用完成式 不定式动作先于谓语动作,用完成式 • The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before. • He is said to have translated many articles into English.