名词性从句1

名词性从句在句中的句法功能相当于名词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。

要点1 主语从句

常用的引导主语从句的引导词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词等。

主语从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。

e.g. What we need is a good rest.

Why he left without a word is not known.

1.that引导的主语从句

当从句中主语、表语或宾语都不缺少，而句子所表达内容完整、意思明确时用that引导主语从句，用来陈述事实。

注：that引导的主语从句若在句首，that不可省略。

e.g. That George and Lucy got married last week was a fact.

__B____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

A. What

B. That

C. This

D. Which

2.whether / if 引导主语从句

当从句中主语、表语或宾语都不缺少，而句子所表达意思不明确时用whether / if引导主语从句，表“是否”。

注：若从句在句首，必须用whether；若从句在句末，形式主语it在句首，用whether / if 都可。

e.g. Whether it is true remains to be seen.

It is doubtful whether / if he did it all by himself.

3.wh-引导主语从句

wh-在句中充当一定的成分，具有一定意义。连接代词充当主语、宾语或表语；连接副词充当状语。

注：wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别

Wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。

e.g. Where we’ll have the meeting makes no difference.

Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

It’s pretty well understood __C___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

A. that

B. when

C. what

D. how

It是形式主语，what引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语。

4.主语从句能用it作形式主语，常以it作形式主语的句型：有：

“It + be + 形容词/名词+ 从句”

有时it be可以省略，如：

Pity he won’t come tomorrow. No wonder he got such a good mark.

e.g. It is very difficult what you are doing. It is probable that he has told him everything.

It is still a question whether she will receive it or not.

It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.

It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped.

“It + be + 过去分词+ that从句”

______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires

“It + 不及物动词+ 从句”

e.g. It seems / appears that they are in urgent need of help.

It doesn’t matter / count whether he agrees it or not.

辨析1：主语从句与非谓语动词作主语的区分

主语从句和doing/to do 都可作主语，做题时要全面考虑各自的语法特征，做出正确的选择。尤其要注意that 引导主语从句在句首时，that不可省略；注意主语从句谓语动词的时态、语态和第三人称单数形式等。

___D___ abroad for further study is what I have been longing for.

A. I will have a chance to go

B. I had a chance to go

C. Having had a chance to go

D. To have a chance to go

To have a chance to go作句子主语，A和B从句作主语，连词that不能省略。

1._______ group wins this round will go through to the finals.

A. No matter what

B. No matter which

C. Whatever

D. Whichever Whichever引导主语从句，在从句中充当group的定语，意思是无论哪个

Could I speak to ___C___ is in charge of International Sales, please?

A. anyone

B. someone

C. whoever

D. no matter who

Whoever在句中引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语。A和B是代词，不能引导从句，D只能引导状语从句

The old tower must be saved, __B____ the cost.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. wherever

无论花费什么代价

2.__B____ he will come back this week or next week is not decided.

A. That

B. Whether

C. When

D. If

Whether引导主语从句，if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。

3.___D___ is often said that in war, the winners write the history.

A. As

B. This

C. That

D. It

形式主语

4.___B___ is known to us all is that the old scientist, for ______ life was hard in the past, still

works very hard in his eighties.

A. As; whom

B. What; whom

C. It; whose

D. As; whose

What引导主语从句，后面是一个定语从句，for whom对某人来说