What is Academic Language
Chapter 1 What is academic writing
CoheHale Waihona Puke ence:CREATING FOCUS
it is also important to give your writing a "focus" (coherence). You can do this by carefully choosing your topic at the beginning of each sentence. To understand why, look at the example paragraph below. Good cohesion, but no coherence: 1Romance languages descend from a Latin parent, and many words based on Latin are found in other modern languages such as English. 2English has become the lingua franca, the learned language of science and trade. 3Science is based on experimentation, description, and categorisation. 4Descriptions of the ‘northern lights’, or Aurora Borealis, often incude the words ‘twinkle’ or ‘flicker’ to explain the movement created when solar ions collide with the Earth’s atmosphere.
Cohesion
Academic Vobulary
Warming Up
What kind of people will use the academic vocabulary?
Academic vocabulary is for anyone who wants or needs to learn the kind of English which is used in academic contexts. It deals with the kind of used in academic According tolanguage your understanding, textbooks and articles as well as in lectures what is the academic vocabulary? and seminars(讨论会).
neutral In short, briefly, basically only almost, more or less More formal In sum, to sum up Sole(ly) virtually Neutral try mainly mostly typical of More formal attempt primarily characteristic of
them as whole units. Example: in terms of, in addition, for the most part, In the case of, etc.
Key noun
General nouns referring to ideas
comment Thing which is being discussed considered or studied
Academic Language
Grammatical Competence
• Understanding and the ability to appropriately apply rules of English is required at two levels:
– When using everyday/informal English students must be able to:
• Form grammatically correct, simple sentences • Form complex sentences with subordinate clauses • Apply knowledge of the noun system (application of plural endings, irregular plurals, definite/indefinite articles and demonstratives) • Apply knowledge of the verb system to form sentences using all verb tenses (present, past, present perfect, present continuous, future, modal, etc. for regular and irregular verbs)
Phonological Features
• To use academic English, students must:
– Knowledge of graphemes and sound-symbol correspondences – Understand and be able to apply stress, intonation and sound patterns
关于学术英语的英语作文
关于学术英语的英语作文英文回答：Academic English is a specialized form of English used in academic settings, such as universities and research institutions. It is characterized by its formal tone, complex sentence structures, and extensive use of specialized vocabulary. Academic English is used in a wide range of contexts, including lectures, seminars, research papers, and dissertations.There are a number of reasons why students need to develop their academic English skills. First, academic English is the language of instruction in most universities around the world. Second, academic English is essential for success in research, as it is the language in which most scientific and scholarly literature is written. Third, academic English is a valuable skill for any career that requires clear and concise communication, such as law, medicine, and business.There are a number of ways to improve your academic English skills. One important step is to read widely in academic texts. This will help you to become familiar with the vocabulary and grammar of academic English. You canalso improve your academic English skills by writing regularly. Try to write in a formal tone and use complex sentence structures. Finally, you can also take courses or workshops on academic English.中文回答：学术英语是大学和研究机构等学术环境中使用的一种专门的英语形式。
学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-1
Genetic engineering
– If the topic is too general, how do you narrow it down to a more manageable topic?
Universe
– Can you suggest some
appropriate topics of each
In which aspect do the two essays share the same idea? Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.
9
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
In which aspect do the two essays differ?
U.S. Dollars. 16 __e_x_p_lo_i_t ___ (开拓) a new market in the city 17 be absorbed in the social _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_in_g_ (社交网络) 18 __i_n_v_o_lv_e___ (涉及) unnecessary extra charges 19 only one __in_s_t_a_n_ce___ (实例) out of many 20 get to know more about the _s_p_e_c_ifi_c_a_ti_o_n (具体的细节) of
Lecture 1 Questions Lecture 2 Questions Lecture 3 Questions
4
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
如何掌握学术写作提高你的成绩 How to master Academic Writing 英语作文
如何掌握学术写作来提高你的成绩How to master AcademicWriting to boost up yourgradesHello peeps. Today I am going to tell you how to master academic writing. Academic writing is all about doing the work which you get from college. Your marks are linked with academic assignments. Don’t ignore this aspect of your academic session, even if you find writing an irksome work. Find out a way to develop an interest in writing. You can work with friends or get assignment help from the experts. These arejust some ways through which you can do academic writing with perfection.Almost 40 percent of scores are based on academic writing work. You need to be on your toes all the time to score well in assignments. If you want to score well, you will have to write well. In this article, you are going to get some tips and tricks to write well.Here with you can have an idea of what you will get by the end of this article. So, let’s have a look first:1. What is Academic writing?2. Different types of Academic writing students need to focus on3. Various Academic writing styles4. Things to keep in mind for successful academic writing5.What makes an academic writing work a good oneThis article is based on the above-mentioned points. I can assure that you will gain valuable info here.What is Academic writing?Academic writing is a writing work that students get from their professors. It includes research papers, assignments, thesis, dissertations, essays, etc. The language in academic writing should be formal. It should contain technical jargon as well.For instance, When you write a research paper, avoid casual tone. Focus should be on facts, and ideas rather than people and emotions. Usediscipline related vocabulary and structure. Such as just as humanities requires theory and large paragraphs. Whereas, science subject needs short paragraphs with facts.Want a perfect definition? Here it is:Academic writing is a style of writing adopted by researchers. It’s used for writing an intellectual work of a specific discipline. Academic writing has certain fixed characteristics,such as :Use of formal toneThird person usageUse of noble dictionTechnical terms in coursesRefined languageAll you need for a perfectly written paper is To keep these things in mind. Just remember to write accordingly, and you will see the difference.Stay connected; I have to too many things to tell you. Follow them. There will be nothing which can hamper effective writing from your end.Different types of Academic writing which students need to focus onAssignmentsAssignments are the basic writing work students often get in college. Lecturers give it in order tojudge the performance of the students. These are often on a weekly basis. Students need to write an assignment on a particular topic.Writing assignments can be both interesting and challenging. The process of writing involves multiple processes. Some of them are research, planning, reflection, and organisation. Befriend your assignments they can prove to be enjoyable activities. At the same time, they will develop your thinking skills. If you think you need help in this regard, you can ask your friends and teachers. You can also take online assignment help to get assistance from the experts.EssaysEssays are both long and short. They require creative writing skills and knowledge. Essays are generally written from the writer’s point of view. They are of both types, formal and informal.Essays can be used for different purposes. Some of them are criticism, arguments, informative, etc. Students need to use different theories and researches. An academic essay writing should be from 2000 to 5000 words. You may opt for online essay writing service.DissertationA dissertation is a long form of an essay. It is around 15000 words. It holds immense importance in the life of postgraduate students. Dissertation is the academic writing work.It aimsto show the level of student’s knowledge in a specific subject.If doing it all by yourself is not working well. You may take help from online dissertation writing service. The experts there can give you valuable advice to help with submitting a perfect dissertation.Research PaperA research paper is a kind of academic writing based on student’s original research. The research is done on a particular topic. The paper contains the analysis and interpretation of research findings.Do keep some key points in mind while preparing a research paper. The Introductionmust have a short description of the research paper. Citation work should be correct and original.Five things to focus on while writing an academic paper1. Use of formal toneThe style of the academic paper should be formal and logical. It should have logical and organized ideas. Tone also refers to the manner in which the ideas are conveyed. Present your argument in a pleasant narrative tone. Have an authoritative point of view while writing. Keep the arguments confidently in a research paper with valid proof. Keep in mind that the reader should stay connected while reading.2. Third person usageUsually, a research paper is written from the third person perspective. First and second person narration is valid in storytellings. The author connects himself/herself in a story. But research paper is to convey your argument. For conveying your research, third-person usage is perfect.3. Use of noble dictionIf you are a literature student, then you must be aware of the term noble diction. Literature is about imagination, fantasy and thought process. You must have a good vocabulary to do justice with your work. Your language should express the emotion and feelings. To make it possible you need a language of highest quality.4. Technical terms in courses such as medical, engineering or law.Use technical terms if you are making a research paper on technical or professional courses. But, do not fill it with jargons and do not use them scarcely.5. Refined language with proper grammar and punctuationAvoid grammatical and punctuation mistakes to make your research a successful one. Grammatical errors need to minimal. You can go for online assignment help services. They have software to remove grammatical and punctuation errors.Various Academic writing styles1. DescriptiveDescriptive form of academic writing is the most basic one. It clearly states facts. As the name suggests, it is used to describe the subject. Descriptive information’s primary task is to make an image in a reader’s mind.A good descriptive assignment includes several things:Picturization of feelings of a person or place. Your academic writing work should be a vivid description of emotions.Chronologically correct information. Focus on the spatial information, and emphasize onimportant things first. Information should be organized and in a flow.Facts and evidence supporting your argument. Raise an argument but keep your supporting facts ready.Last but not the least a command over the language. Keep the sentences in active form. There should be a minimal usage of passive form.2. AnalyticalAnalytical academic writing style has its own importance. University level work cannot be completely descriptive. Analytical work is more of analysis and less of descriptive. Your research paper should be categorized to make itanalytical. Analytical academic writing style is used widely. Especially in engineering, business or law students. There work based on data and numerical and less theory.Instructions for analytical writing work are:Analysis of datacomparisoncontrastrelateexamineThings you can try to make your academic writing work analytically:Brainstorming facts and ideas, plan your work. Try different ways to group them. You can make tables of similarity and differences. In your academic writing work, put flow charts, tables, etc. Use as much as possible analytic patterns in every paragraph. This will make the assignment appealing. Start with an introduction, make divisions in your topics. Structuring of writing work will make it clear for the readers.3. PersuasiveThis style of writing is a step ahead from analytical writing. It consists of all the elements of the analytical and descriptive style of writing. In such academic assignment writing work, you give your own point of view. Mostly essays use this style of academic writing. Research articles also have a persuasive style of writing in itsdiscussion and conclusion. Interpretation of findings, arguments, are the elements of persuasive writing. You have to give the evidence in support of the argument you raised. These pieces of evidence can be published works, researches by scholars.How you can master persuasive style of academic writing:Read works of other writers and researchers. Find out whose argument is convincing.Watch out for the strongest evidence they have made.List down the different interpretations.Find out which one is beneficial for you.Develop your argument with the following checklist:List down the reasons for the point of view you made.Search out for the evidence to support your point of view.See how your point of view is different from other scholar’s point of view.Divide your point of you into parts.Work on the presentation of your argument:all your arguments in the paper should support your point of view.Make your reasons clear to the reader.Make valid assumptions.Keep every evidence original. It should be convincing to the readers.4. CriticalCritical academic writing is of vital importance for postgraduates writings. Here you critically analysis someone else works. Often its a criticism and refusal of ideas portrayed in other scholar’s work. In critical writing, you need to create your own argument on the researcher’s interpretation. Critical writing has all the features of persuasive writing and added criticism element. You must need strong evidence to reject the idea of other scholarly work. Examples of critical writing are, literary review, critique of an article.Instructions for critical writing are:CriticismrefusalEvaluating other’s workDebateRemember one thing Critical academic writing needs great skills. You need to understand the topic completely. If you do not possess such skills, go for assignment help online. Assignment help services can make your work easy in no time.Things to keep in mind for successful academic writingPlan before you writePlanning is imperative before doing any sort of work. Be it any academic work, planning is necessary. So before starting any academic assignment, make a proper plan for it. Two main approaches one should follow for organizing and analyzing information.1. The planning approach: As the name suggests, you must plan then write. Do a lot of planning about what you are going to write in paragraphs. Then begin your writing work. You may take advice from online academic writing experts if you feel stuck.2. The drafting approach: Make drafts when ideas and thoughts are blooming in your mind. Write as many drafts as possible. Read them again and organize those ideas. Keep doing it unless they getstructured well. Above mentioned approaches are beneficial in most of the cases. If your subject requires analytic skills, then work on the planning approach. Planning is very essential for creating a masterpiece. It also shows your interest towards the work.Know expectationsBefore starting to write on any subject or topic, know exactly what are the demands. Different subjects have different requirements, know them then work on them. Also, understand the type of work you have to do. Case study, essays, articles, report all these things follow the different organization of data. Ask your lecturers what their demands are. After knowing all these things start working on your academic paper.There are few parameters, check before making academic assignment:Instruction given by the supervisor.Marking schemes, grade allotment. Which part of the assignment is more scoring.Discuss your ideas with your supervisor.What guidelines school or institution is following regarding the format of the assignment.Find samples or model assignments. Usually, academic institutions have model assignments to guide the students.Make a task listTask list helps you to follow a pattern while making an assignment. Write allthe things which you are going to mention in your assignment.Let us have a look at some basic requirements:Make a timeline for the task.How much time you need for specific task. Try to follow it properly.Books and research papers of famous scholars for reference and reading. Create notes from them which will guide you when you will write the assignment.Brainstorming ideas that come to your mind at various points while planning to write. List them so that you won’t forget in future.Format and structure of the assignment. Make a rough structure of your work. How you going to start it, the body of the assignment and appealing ending.Editing and proofreading of work. This task you will perform after making the assignment completely. Proofreading is of utmost importance. This will help you to identify the errors. Correct them and then submit it.What makes an academic writing work a good oneI hope you all want to score good in your academics. You try hard in exams and with assignments to score well. Often some students face difficulty to gain good marks in assignments. You must understand the difference betweennormal writing and good writing. I am mentioning a few points to guide you towards good academic writing.Write clearWhenever you are attempting to write academic assignments, write necessary information. Do not fill your pages with useless data. Your work should contain valuable information. Reader should gain knowledge after reading your content.Teacher and MotivationSimplicityAcademic writing should be in a simple language. Whenever you write the assignmentuse readable language. Jargons and technical terms should be only used for the accuracy. Do not overfill the content with difficult terms.Logical and rationalKeep your work rational and sensible. Use logical assumptions and facts. Try to avoid ambiguous statements or information. Make statements and support it with appropriate evidence.ConclusionSo, guys I hope, I have taken up all the points in this article. The sole purpose of this article is to help you all. Starting from the beginning, you have read about the definition of Academic writing.。
Academic Writing (I)2011版 英语学术论文
新课程标准在初中英语教学实践中的执行情 况调查 中学英语任务型教学模式实施的现状调查 中学生英语学习动机的激发及其培养——以 沙洋中学为例为例
Topic 1: 英语教学诌议 (应用语言学方向)
--Comments: This topic is too broad. There are many subfields in English language teaching (ELT), such as English teaching in the middle school, college English teaching, adult English teaching, the teaching of English listening, speaking, reading, writing and so on. The title is not indicative of which particular field of ELT you are going to work on. There is a lack of focus there.
―中学英语教学中的情景教学” is a better topic than the original one because it targets at one specific aspect of English teaching, that is, situational teaching, and it deals with English teaching in the middle school. Thus the topic is narrower and much more focused as well.
Topic 2: 论英语教学法 (应用语言学方向) Comments: This is another example of a broad topic. The topic is too ambitious, attempting to cover too much. As we know, English teaching methodology includes many methods, such as grammar translation method, direct method, total physical response, suggestopidea, the silent way, the natural approach, communicative approach, and task-based teaching, etc. One paper cannot deal with all of them. What’s more, even if you focus on one or two methods, you still need to be specific about what you are going to do with it.
关于学术英语的英语作文
学术英语的重要性与应用In the modern academic world, English has become a ubiquitous language of communication, essential for researchers, scholars, and students alike. Academic English, a subset of the language tailored for the rigors of academic discourse, plays a pivotal role in the dissemination and comprehension of knowledge across borders. This essay explores the significance of academic English,its applications in various academic settings, and the challenges faced in mastering this domain-specific language. The importance of academic English cannot be overstated. It is the lingua franca of the international academic community, enabling scholars to publish their research in prestigious journals, present their findings at conferences, and collaborate with peers from diverse cultural backgrounds. The precision and clarity of academic English are paramount in ensuring that complex ideas and arguments are communicated effectively. Additionally, it fosters a common understanding among academics, facilitating the accumulation and progress of knowledge.In the realm of applications, academic English findsits use in diverse academic settings. In the field of research, it is used to write proposals, articles, and books, ensuring that the research findings are accurately communicated to a wide audience. In higher education, academic English is employed in teaching and learning, helping students develop the critical thinking and analytical skills necessary for success in their academic careers. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in international education, bridging the language barrier and promoting cultural exchange among students from different parts of the world.However, mastering academic English is not without its challenges. The language is highly specialized, requiring a specific vocabulary, syntax, and tone. Additionally, the rigorous demands of academic writing can be daunting, especially for non-native speakers. To overcome these challenges, scholars and students alike need to invest significant time and effort in developing their academic English proficiency. This involves regular practice,critical reading, and writing, as well as seeking feedback from peers and mentors.In conclusion, academic English is an indispensable tool for scholars and students seeking to engage in the global academic community. Its significance lies in its ability to facilitate effective communication, promote knowledge accumulation, and foster cross-cultural understanding. While mastering academic English poses challenges, the rewards of being able to participate fully in the international academic discourse are immense. By investing in their academic English proficiency, scholars and students can open up a world of opportunities for themselves, contributing to the global academic landscape in meaningful ways.**学术英语的重要性与应用**在现代学术领域，英语已成为研究人员、学者和学生交流的普遍语言。
Unit 2 Academic Writing【研究生专业英语】
Academic Writing Skills.au/tldinfo/writingskills/podcasts/nursingwritingskills09.pptgenre: a style of expressingyourself in writingWhether you’re a studentsor supervisors, academic writing skills are significant in today’sworld.EssaysReports PresentationsResearch papers Final thesisare just some examples ofdocuments written in the academic style.an analytic or interpretive literary compositionAcademic writing, when used appropriately, presents a polished and professional image.Academic writing skillsencompass:¾strong composition ¾excellent grammar¾a consistent stylistic approach[in'k ʌmp əs]include in scope [stai'listik]perfected or made shiny and smoothof or relating to style(especially in the use oflanguage) It is a learnt skill, rather thana natural ability or quality.2. What is academic writing?Academic writing refers to a particular styleof expression in academia.3. Features of Academic WritingAcademic writing in English is linear, which means it has onecentral point or theme with every part contributing to the main lineof argument, without digressions or repetitions . [dai'gre ʃən]a message that departs from the main subject[.repi'ti ʃən]ComplexityWritten language is relatively more complex than spoken language.FormalityAcademic writing is relativelyformal. In general this means that you should avoid colloquial words.PrecisionIn academic writing, facts andfigures are given precisely .ObjectivityWritten language is in generalobjective. Academic writing tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather than verbs (and adverbs).Exp’licitnessAcademic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text.AccuracyAcademic writing uses vocabulary accurately.HedgingIn academic writing, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject.ResponsibilityIn academic writing you must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make.[k ə’l əʊkwi:əl] [pri’si ʒən] [pr ɪ’sa ɪsli] [,ɔbd ʒek’tiv əti] Attitude or feeling Characteristics includeEmploying the formal academic style, avoiding jargon , slang , andabbreviations a way of regarding situationsor topics etc.：position , view[p ə'spektiv]Synonyms [t əun]a characteristic language of a particular groupinformal language consisting of words and expressionsA formal toneUse of the third-person rather than first-person perspective Clear focus on the issue or topic rather than the author’s opinion Precise word choiceinvestigate conduct examine verify demonstrate eliminateCharacteristics of informal writingz the use ofcolloquialisms andjargonz writing in the first person viewz making “I”statements, making direct personal statements, andimprecise word choices.[k ə’l əukwi əliz(ə)m] slang, dialect[.impri'sais]characteristic of informal spokenlanguage or conversationJust as you probably would wear shorts and flip-flops to a wedding, there’s a time and a place for informalwriting . Informal writing is fine for diary entries, blogs, personal writing, letters or emails to close friends.The most informal writingimaginable is:z the text message, full of abbreviations such as “R U here ?”toconvey quick questions and responses. z In comparison, the most formal writing of all can be found in legal documents .[i'mæd ʒin əbl][‘pai ərit]someone who uses another person's work or ideas as if they were his own‘plagiarism Writers working on papersfor school, college application essays , scientific papers,research papers , international conference presentations , and business proposals generally employ a more formal style akin to donning a suit or dressto attend a wedding.[ə'kin]similar or related in quality or characterput clothing on one's body['d ɔni ŋ]4. Tips on academic writing ExamplesInformal writing :I think he ’s a loser .Formal writing :Macbeth’s horrific choices cause him to lose everything he holds dear :children, wife, friends, crown and king.frightening colon [ 'k əʊl ən]？The first statement is informal. The writer speaks in the first person , using the word “I”, and states an opinion . The slang term “loser ”, is used, which is inappropriate in a formal context. They also uses the contraction “he’s ”. If this were in the middle of a paragraph, it may be easier to understand towhom the author is referring.Taken as a simple statement, however, it’simpossible to know whether the writer thinks his best friend, hisdog, or a rock star is a loser !The second example uses an academic, formal style . Written in the third-person view , the sentence omits references to the writer and focuses on the issue. Strong, specific adjectives like “horrific ”convey the author’s view clearly without resorting to slang . The use of the colon creates a strong, formal feeling when properly usedhere to introduce a list .[ 'k əʊl ən]Where’s the resource ??•Library•On-line•Data bases (turn on remote access)•Lectures•Text books•Tutorials•News•Newspapers•Everywhere!!!5. Referencing and plagiarismMost plagiarism is acci’dental; either the result of not understanding what actually amounts to plagiarism, or of being poorly organized, so that we use the ideas of others without realizing that’s what we have done.Whenever the author has given somethingdistinctive to the information or its organization,cite the source.Anything that is common knowledge you need not cite: in other words, anything that is not distinctiveof a particular author.distinguishing /skills4study/studyskills/reading/referencing.aspunintendedWhat is plagiarism?Copying ofpassages/text/work/ideas/data without aproperacknowledgement ofthe author. Thisincludes otherstudents’work.['pleidʒiərizəm]Getting started•Find your time•Find your space•Discipline, self & others•Brain storming, clustering, mind mapping•Free writingtry to solve a problemby thinking intensely about it6. Practice makes perfectIntroduction•What is the question?•Global view from the broad to the narrow •Introduce the :•Who•What•When •Where •Why •How 5W+HThe topic•Why is it being asked?•Is it multi layered?•Does it invite a largely factual response?•Is it looking for a particular stance such asargue or cri’tique?[stæns] positionposturereview, assessment, commentLiterature•Is it current?•Is the author a credible source?•Is the subject relevant?•Clustering•References/endnoteBeginning•A quotation –is it relevant•A question•An opinion•An interesting fact•An irony or paradox•An a’nalogy•And anecdote['ænikdəut]story, narrative(especially a biographical one)[‘aiərəni[‘pærədɔks][ə’nælədʒi](logic) a statementthat contradicts itselfirony witty language富于机智的,诙谐的similarityBodyYour paragraphs should flow naturally into oneanother andconnections shouldbe made.Paragraphs•7-8 sentences•Each should be topic specific, preferably with an introductory sentence•Each sentence states the content/context and then some supporting example which is where the references come in.•The last sentence concludes the paragraph and forwards to the next.Transitional words•Joining words»Also, and, again, etc•Comparing words»Also, in comparison•Contracting words»Although, but, conversely, despite, even though, however•Positioning words»Above, adjacent to, below•Situation words»Before, briefly, consequently, finally, first[træn'zi ʃən əl]Conclusions•Don’t introduce anything new •Draw in the introduction •Demonstrate a conclusion•Give the essay a sense of completeness •Leave a final impression7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writingRevision1.Is writing skills vital for students ofscience and technology ?2. What is academic writing?3. Features of Academic Writing4. Tips on academic writing5. Referencing and plagiarism6. Practice makes perfect7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writing。
学术英语Unit1 练习答案
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
4 间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生 厌的互联网害虫。尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从 而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他通 常是免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。
the wedding 21 _a_c_c_o_m_p_a_n_y_ (陪伴) with her to watch movies
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Complete the paragraph
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Match the words with their definitions.
1 a(n) symbolic (象征的) gesture of love 2 The publisher distribute (分发) the book in Asia. 3 A “ site ” (地点) is a place, and so a website. 4 a(n) complex (复杂的) network of systems 5 be used to identify (识别) potential terrorists 6 deal the matter with him physically (完全地) 7 start with a pretty straightforward (直截了当) question 8 beyond the capability (功能) of the computers 9 hit the target (目标) at a distance 10 the person never attempt (尝试) to do anything more 11 a highly sophisticated process (过程)
学术英语课程介绍
Unit 3 Orientation
Orientation
2. Why？
由于英语已成为国际各学科的研究成果进行交流，以及科技 经济文化交流的国际通用语（lingua franca），ESP就成为 了当今世界上高校为非英语专业学生开设的核心课程。 Ypsilandis 和Kantaridou（2007）对欧洲奥地利、法国、德 国、希腊、意大利、瑞典、西班牙、瑞士等国28所高校现状 调查，发现其中83.3% 的高校ESP英语课程是必修课。在亚 洲，连教学语言为非英语的日本、韩国和我国台湾的高校大 学英语也基于以ESP为主流课程。
Unit 3 Orientation
3. 15% 演示科研成果 Oral presentation
1).时间安排参照进度表 2).1～2人一组 3).基于本Байду номын сангаас材所授技能 4).主题（参见说明-主题1）
5).每位学生陈述时间至少3分钟
6).不接受单纯读稿
7).每位学生单独得分
说明： Unit 3
Orientation
• From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • /wiki/English_for_specific_purpos es
What is EAP
• English for academic purposes (EAP) entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriately for study. It is a challenging and multi-faceted area within the wider field of English language learning and teaching (ELT), and is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes (ESP).
学术英语写作academic language
学术英语写作（Academic Language）是一种用于学术和专业领域的英语写作风格。
它具有以下特点：
- **准确性**：使用准确的词汇和语法，避免模糊或歧义。
- **专业性**：运用特定领域的专业术语和词汇，体现学术的专业性。
- **逻辑性**：结构清晰，段落之间有明确的逻辑关系。
- **客观性**：以客观的态度表达观点，避免主观情感和个人偏见。
- **正式性**：语言风格较为正式，避免口语化和随意的表达。
- **引用和参考**：正确引用他人的研究成果，以支持自己的观点并提供参考依据。
- **论证性**：通过论证和证据来支持观点，使文章具有说服力。
要提高学术英语写作水平，可以多阅读相关领域的学术文献，学习其写作风格和表达方式。
同时，注重语法和词汇的积累，不断练习写作，接受老师或同行的反馈，都有助于提升学术英语写作能力。
academic english特征
academic english特征Academic English refers to the style of writing and speaking that is used in educational and research settings. It is formal, objective, and precise, with a specific set of features that distinguish it from other forms of English. Some key features of academic English include:1. Formal tone: Academic English is characterized by the use of formal language and a tone that is appropriate for scholarly discourse. This means avoiding slang, colloquial expressions, and overly casual language.2. Precision and clarity: Academic English aims to express ideas ina clear and concise manner. It requires using precise vocabulary, avoiding ambiguity, and presenting information in a logical and structured way.3. Objectivity: Academic English emphasizes objectivity and impartiality. This means presenting information and arguments without personal opinions or biases, and relying on evidence and research to support claims.4. Formal vocabulary: Academic English uses a range of formal vocabulary that is appropriate to the discipline or field of study. This may include technical terms and specific terminology that is commonly used in the academic community.5. Academic style of writing: Academic English follows a specific style of writing that includes elements like a clear introduction, body paragraphs with supporting evidence, and a conclusion. Italso includes proper citation and referencing to acknowledge sources of information.6. Use of passive voice: Academic English often uses passive voice constructions to convey objectivity and focus on the subject matter rather than the individual researcher. This helps to present information in a more impersonal and objective manner.7. Use of academic conventions: Academic English adheres to certain conventions and guidelines that are specific to academic writing. This includes using appropriate formatting, citation styles, and referencing practices.Overall, the features of academic English help to ensure that scholarly work is clear, concise, rigorous, and accessible to a wide audience.。
学术英语 高阶英语
学术英语高阶英语English:Academic English, also known as advanced English, is a higher level of language proficiency that is commonly required in academic settings such as universities and research institutions. It involves a more complex vocabulary, advanced grammar structures, and a deeper understanding of academic writing conventions. Proficiency in academic English is essential for success in academic endeavors such as writing research papers, giving presentations, and participating in scholarly discussions. This level of English proficiency goes beyond everyday communication skills and requires the ability to analyze and interpret complex texts, engage in critical thinking, and communicate complex ideas effectively. To excel in academic English, students need to be able to read and comprehend scholarly articles, write cohesively structured essays, and present arguments in a clear and persuasive manner. Developing proficiency in academic English takes time and practice, but it is a valuable skill that can open numerous opportunities for academic and professional growth.中文翻译:学术英语，也被称为高阶英语，是一种更高级的语言能力水平，通常在大学和研究机构等学术环境中被广泛要求。
教育类-英语四级
教育类-英语四级以下为您生成 20 个教育类相关的英语四级知识点，包含释义、短语、单词、用法和双语例句：---1. **Education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]**- 释义：教育；培养；教育学- 短语：higher education 高等教育；basic education 基础教育- 用法：“receive an education”接受教育- 例句：A good education is essential for a successful future.（良好的教育对成功的未来至关重要。
）2. **Teaching [ˈtiːtʃɪŋ]**- 释义：教学；教导- 短语：teaching method 教学方法；teaching materials 教学材料 - 用法：“engaged in teaching”从事教学- 例句：Her teaching style is very popular among students.（她的教学风格在学生中很受欢迎。
）3. **Learning [ˈlɜːnɪŋ]**- 短语：lifelong learning 终身学习；distance learning 远程学习 - 用法：“keen on learning”热衷于学习- 例句：Learning a new language can be challenging but rewarding.（学习一门新语言可能具有挑战性，但也很有收获。
）4. **Knowledge [ˈnɒlɪdʒ]**- 释义：知识；学问；知晓- 短语：scientific knowledge 科学知识；practical knowledge 实践知识- 用法：“acquire knowledge”获取知识- 例句：A wide range of knowledge is necessary for this job.（这份工作需要广泛的知识。
通用学术英语视听说
通用学术英语视听说Academic English is the cornerstone for effective communication in scholarly pursuits. It is the language of textbooks, lectures, and research papers, bridging the gap between diverse academic disciplines.Listening to academic lectures requires a keen ear for specialized vocabulary and the ability to follow complex arguments. It's about more than just hearing the words; it's about understanding the underlying concepts and the nuances of academic discourse.Speaking in an academic setting demands clarity and precision. It's about articulating thoughts in a structured manner, supporting arguments with evidence, and engaging in meaningful dialogue with peers and professors.Reading academic texts is a skill that involves critical analysis and the ability to synthesize information from various sources. It's not just about comprehension, but also about evaluating the credibility and relevance of the material.Writing in an academic context is a craft that requires a mastery of formal language, logical structuring of ideas, and adherence to citation protocols. It's about presenting information in a way that is both persuasive and informative.Mastering the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in academic English is essential for success in higher education and professional development. It empowers students to engage with a global community of scholars and to contribute meaningfully to their fields of study.To excel in academic English, one must immerse themselves in the language, practice regularly, and seek feedback from proficient speakers. It's a journey of continuous learning and improvement, where each step forward enhances the ability to communicate complex ideas with clarity and confidence.。
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What is Academic Language?
Academic language as such is often difficult to define. In general, it’s a mixture of a writing style as well as knowledge of specific vocabulary. It takes some time and practice to learn how to properly use them together but there several points which can help to understand how standard academic language can be achieved in writing.
What is Academic Language
Academic language can be described as a combination of two factors. First, it’s a type of a formal discourse which assumes an absolutely objective tone; it’s built into a relatively balanced structure and based on scientific data. And second, it relies on glossary that emerges directly from the discourse of a given science.
Why Use Academic Language?
Strict adherence to the standards of academic language helps to convey arguments in an authoritative tone. It facilitates presentation of ideas and makes any paper sound trustworthy. Moreover, properly used academic language is adequate to the language of all researched materials and situates any academic work in this very context.
How to Write in the Academic Language
As mentioned above, academic language is composed of four main elements. There are some exceptions to the below rules but they must be treated with caution. To learn about them read an article about advanced rules of academic language.
∙Objective tone in Academic Language
In academic language first and second person perspective is not allowed. Writers should write exclusively in the third person. Moreover, all vocabulary comprised in an academic paper should be objective which means that subjective elements like “I believe” or emotive contents like “a great book” are highly unwelcome. All judgments and conclusions result from reasoning and not individual beliefs.
∙Formal language
Academic language promotes a simple and somewhat modest way of writing. Creative elements such as ellipses, exclamations or rhetorical questions are unacceptable. Writers should also avoid passive voice as well as all unnecessary abbreviations. They should employ such an approach toward adjectives and adverbs so as to use them only in order to specify the meaning of nouns and verbs.
∙Balanced essay structure
The weight of referenced material shouldn’t outdo author’s own points and arguments.Paragraphs should be of more or less the same length. Generally, the whole paper should be written in the same academic style which is specific and coherent.
Scientific approach to writing
In academic language elaborate descriptions are unnecessary if only vocabulary specific for a given scientific or critical orientation is used correctly. This means that technical vocabulary should be used instead of descriptive language. The use of particular language will be varying in accordance with academic domain as well as essay type.
Proper use of academic language is no less important than professional research or following the guidelines of a specific essay type and citation style. It allows writers to sound convincing, unbiased and take their point across. For further tips on getting acquainted with the rules of academic language。