考研英语模拟试题[31]
考研英语模拟试卷313(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语模拟试卷313(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?【1】an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets【2】the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to【3】the news. Newspapers have one basic【4】, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 【5】it. Radio, telegraph, television, and【6】inventions brought competition for newspaper. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.【7】, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【8】and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【9】and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers【10】of the latest news, today’s newspapers【11】and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices【12】advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for very【13】. Newspapers are sold at a price that【14】even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【15】of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 【16】in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This【17】in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends【18】on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment【19】in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information【20】the community, city, county, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.1．A．Just whenB．WhileC．Soon afterD．Before正确答案：C解析：解答本题的要点是符合逻辑的推断出新闻报道和事情发生之间的时间关系，按照常理新闻总是始于事情发生之后，由此可推出答案为C选项。
考研英语英语在线试题及答案
考研英语英语在线试题及答案考研英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (听力理解)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. What does the man want to do?a) Buy a new computerb) Sell his old computerc) Upgrade his computerd) Return a faulty computerAnswer: c) Upgrade his computer2. Why is the woman late?a) She got stuck in traffic.b) She missed her bus.c) She had to work overtime.d) She lost her keys.Answer: a) She got stuck in traffic.(Continue with 6 more short conversations and 2 long conversations with corresponding questions and answers.)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage 1[The passage talks about the benefits of regular exercise.]1. What is the main idea of the passage?a) Regular exercise can lead to addiction.b) Regular exercise can improve mental health.c) Regular exercise is a waste of time.d) Regular exercise can be harmful.Answer: b) Regular exercise can improve mental health.2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?a) Reduced risk of chronic diseases.b) Improved sleep.c) Increased stress levels.d) Enhanced mood.Answer: c) Increased stress levels.(Continue with 2 more short passages with corresponding questions and answers.)Part II Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Then answer the questions by choosing the best answer from the four choices given.Passage 1[The passage discusses the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships.]31. What is the author's opinion on social media?a) It has completely replaced face-to-face interactions.b) It can be a useful tool for communication.c) It is a negative influence on society.d) It has no impact on personal relationships.Answer: b) It can be a useful tool for communication.32. According to the passage, what is one negative effect of social media?a) It can lead to the spread of misinformation.b) It can help people find lost friends.c) It can provide a platform for self-expression.d) It can facilitate international communication.Answer: a) It can lead to the spread of misinformation.(Continue with more questions based on the passage.)Section BDirections: The following is a longer passage with 5 questions. After reading the passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given for each question.Passage 2[The passage explores the concept of artificial intelligence and its potential impact on the job market.]36. What is the main concern regarding AI mentioned in the passage?a) AI will lead to unemployment.b) AI will make humans lazy.c) AI will solve all of humanity's problems.d) AI will be too expensive for most companies.Answer: a) AI will lead to unemployment.37. What does the author suggest as a solution to the potential job loss due to AI?a) Implementing stricter regulations on AI development.b) Providing retraining programs for workers.c) Banning AI technology.d) Encouraging more manual labor jobs.Answer: b) Providing retraining programs for workers.(Continue with 3 more questions based on the passage.)Part III Writing (写作)Section ADirections: Write a short essay based on the picture and the topic given below. You should write at least 150 words.Topic: The Impact of Technology on EducationPicture: [A picture showing a classroom with students using laptops and a teacher using a smartboard.]Sample Answer:With the advent of technology, the landscape of education has been revolutionized. The picture depicts a modern classroom where students are engaged with their laptops while the teacher utilizes a smartboard to deliver the lesson. This scenario highlights the positive impact of technology on education.Firstly, technology has made education more accessible. Students can now access a wealth of information online, which was not possible a few decades ago.。
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(16)
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（16）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event第2题A.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysterious第3题A.relyingC.grabbinging第4题A.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing for 第5题A.withB.overC.toD.via第6题A.pointB.turnC.attributeD.prefer第7题A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise 第8题A.whichB.asC.thatD.where第9题A.progressB.termC.crisisD.addiction 第10题A.dangerousB.specialrgeD.funny第11题A.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversed第12题B.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlessly第13题A.withinB.fromC.aboutD.through第14题A.supportB.approveC.argueD.insist第15题A.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modified第16题A.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.Regrettably 第17题pensateB.helpfortD.improve第18题A.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observe第19题A.partB.senseC.levelD.way第20题A.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.New science reveals how your brain is hard-wired when it comes to spending—and how you can reboot it.The choice to spend rather than save reflects a very human—and, some would say, American—quirk: a preference for immediate gratification over future gains. In other words, we get far more joy from buying a new pair of shoes today, or a Caribbean vacation, or an iPhone 4S, than from imagining a comfortable life tomorrow. Throw in an instant-access culture—in which we can get answers on the Internet within seconds, have a coffeepot delivered to our door overnight, and watch movies on demand—and we´re not exactly training the next generation to delay gratification. "Pleasure now is worth more to us than pleasure later," says economist William Dickens of Northeastern University, "We much prefer current consumption to future consumption. It may even be wired into us. "As brain Scientists plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mall, they are discovering measurable differences between the brains of people who save and those who spend with abandon, particularly in areas of the brain that predict consequences, process the sense of reward, spur motivation, and control memory. In fact, neuroscientists are mapping the brain´s saving and spending circuits so precisely that they have been able to stir up the saving and disable the spending in some people. The result: people´s preferences switch from spending like a drunken sailor to saving like a child of the Depression. All told, the gray matter responsible for some of our most crucial decisions is finally revealing its secrets.Psychologists and behavioral economists, meanwhile, are identifying the personality types and other traits that distinguish savers from spenders, showing that people who aren´t good savers are neither stupid nor irrational—but often simply don´t accurately foresee the consequences of not saving. Rewire the brain to find pleasure in future rewards, and you´re on the path to a future you really want.In one experiment, neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher of New York University wanted to see what it would take for people to willingly delay gratification. He gave a dozen volunteers a choice: $ 20 now or more money, from $ 20.25 to $ 110, later. On one end of the spectrum was the person who agreed to take $21 in a month—to essentially wait a month in order to gain just $ 1. In economics-speak, this kind of person has a "flat discount function", meaning he values tomorrow almost as much as today and is therefore able to delay gratification. At the other end was someone who was willing to wait a month only if he got $ 68, a premium of $48 from the original offer. This is someone economists call a "steep discounter", meaning the value he puts on the future (and having money then) is dramatically less than the value he places on today; when he wants something, he wants it now.第21题When it comes to spending, new evidence shows that it______.A.is a difficult habit to explainB.can be stopped and restartedC.is a difficult mental decisionD.is an inherent disposition第22题When brain scientists "plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mail", they______.A.spend a whole afternoon watching shoppers going roundB.interview shoppers to ask them embarrassing questionsC.measure the brain activity of people engaged in shoppingD.study current consumption rather than future consumption第23题The scientists studying spending habits______.A.can change people´s buying habits by making them drunk like sailorsB.are still at a loss about what causes some people to save or spendC.can change those who spend with abandon into those who saveD.can predict whether people spend or save by controlling people´s memory第24题If you are rewarded for saving, you are likely to______.A.abandon unnecessary purchasesB.demand more rewardsC.become irrational and stupidD.care less about the consequences第25题Neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher wants to find out______.A.whether people agree to delay a bigger gratificationB.what makes people postpone satisfactionC.how steep discounters gratify themselvesD.what creates the flat discount function上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1."Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?" Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.I´ve been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakaria´s smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well.First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. "A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy," says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills— excellence at communicating and working with people—with technical skills.My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the President´s Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, "Human Cloning and Human Dignity," it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values.Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there´s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding.In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.第26题What is implied in the first paragraph?A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists aren´t key interests of the state.第27题Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts______.A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich your wallets in economyC.achieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills第28题Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Facebook set its privacy?C.How should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?第29题According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonflction______.A.evaluate the work more difficultyB.decode the emotional state poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily第30题On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT______.A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essential to the wise decisions of an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow´s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous. Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people.A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites´ fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.Two principles—don´t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century´s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.第31题The second sentence implies that management thinkers should_____.A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power第32题Which of the following statements is true about robots?A.They will be free and colliding with people and machines.B.They deliver information by acting like a human being.C.Their eyesight is becoming closer to men´ s.D.They will do sophisticated jobs.第33题The word "ubiquitous"(Para. 3)probably means______.A.numerousB.pervasiveC.intelligentplicated第34题To deal with the second problem, companies may not_____.A.show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete helpmateB.explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich worldC.persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancersD.tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens第35题From the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations_____.A.are intrusiveB.render worriesC.become sentientD.require specifications上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people´s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they´re meant to encourage.A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments". The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don´t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruisticthan in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we´re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.This does not mean it´s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.第36题From the first two paragraphs, we know that______.A.economic incentives actually discourage people to behave wellB.economists didn´t agree with Titmuss for the lack of empirical evidenceC.economists now prompt businesses to note down Titmuss´s claimanizational and social progresses depend on economic incentives第37题According to experimental economists,______.A.a decreasing number of people donate blood for charityB.more money is offered, fewer people donate bloodC.economic incentives clash with "the moral sentiments"D.economic incentives may run in the opposite direction第38题It can be known from the text that incentives are characterized as______.A.implicativeB.effectiveC.manipulatingD.counterproductive第39题The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that______.A.incentives can harness egoism and inspire altruismB.Ireland is determined to eliminate plastic pollutionC.monetary punishments usually have moral implicationsD.incentive policies by the government are more effective第40题What is the message the author intends to convey?A.Money is not everything; instead, there is always something else.B.Incentives have more negative influences than positive ones.C.Incentives may go wrong when they clash with "the moral sentiments".D.Businesses might as well put economic incentives to fuller play.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Canada´s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce healthcare costs.They´re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which is pharmaceutical costs.According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.But "national" doesn´t have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial—provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn´t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That´s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn´t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.图片第41题第42题________第43题______第44题_______第45题_______上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work.Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US. ____________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题Write an email of about 100 words to relevant departments to give some advice on how to live a low-carbon life.You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points) ___________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：此处意为“在西方国家的政府担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的______，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。
考研英语(二)模拟试题
国 century and move straight to the mobile technology of the 21st. There are some other cases of leapfrog technologies promoting development — moving straight to local, small-scale electricity generation based on solar panels or biomass, for
版 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is
not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and
[C]. format
[D]. patterns
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析(15)
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（15）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching a new product. So you show the commercials to a __1__ of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get can sometimes lead you into a big __2__. Respondents may lie just to be polite.Now some companies and major advertising __3__ have been hiring voice detectives who test your normal voice and then record you on tape __4__ commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree and direction of change __5__ normal. One kind of divergence of pitch means the subject __6__ Another kind means he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials __7__ children, they were, vocally, about equally __8__ of both, but the computer reported their emotional __9__ in the two was totally different.Most major commercials are sent for resting-to theaters __10__ with various electronic measuring devices. People regarded as __11__ are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to __12__ whether they are interested or bored.Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product __13__ TV ads for the same product. They were interested because the main __14__ of evidence shows that people __15__ a lot more mental activity when they read __16__ when they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be __17__ a low-involvement __18__. It is contended that low involvement means that there is less __19__ that the ad message will be __20__.Notes commercial广告。
考研英语模拟题30及答案
考研英语模拟题30及答案一、完形填空题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案。
Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages(失败) of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as 1 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the 2 of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 3 ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held 4 about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 5 change, it should not be underestimated.In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries 6 its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person’s recall must be assessed 7 Both common sense and research say memory 8 over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 9 their best immediately 10 encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 11 the original memory, which reduces 12.The paper says 13 interviews or media reports can create such 14 . "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 15 when the passage of time allows the original memory to 16 , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 17 as fact."Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then 18 it to produce something 19 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are 20 false."1、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] trustful [B] reliable [C] innocent [D] considerable2、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] rate [B] degree [C] extent [D] scale3、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] Manifestation [B] Declaration [C] Presentation [D] Testimony4、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] perceptions [B] acceptances [C] permissions [D] receptions5、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A]subject to [B]liable for [C]incapable of [D]attributable to6、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] assess [B] appreciate [C] calculate [D] speculate7、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] interactively [B] comparatively [C] horizontally [D] individually8、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] descends [B] declines [C] inclines [D]degrades9、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A]at [B]in [C]on [D]upon10、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A]before [B]after [C]when [D]until11、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] with [B] in [C] at [D] on12、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B[A] appropriacy [B] accuracy [C] originality [D] preceding13、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C[A] consequent [B] successive [C] subsequent [D] preceding14、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] distortions [B] transformed [C] malfunctions [D] malformations15、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] altered [B] transformed [C] converted [D] modified16、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] fade [B] diminish [C] lessen [D] dwell17、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] misinformation [B] mistreatment [C] misguidance [D] misjudgment18、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] associate [B] connect [C] link [D] integrate19、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A[A] other [B] rather [C] more [D] less20、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D[A] invariably [B] constantly [C] justifiably [D] verifiably二、阅读理解题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案Text1The first English settlers in North America were extraordinarily unlucky weather-wise, conclude scientists who have looked at centuries of climate data. Their analysis suggests that two-early-settlements reached crisis points because the colonists arrived during the worst periods of drought in 800 years.The fate of 120 colonists who arrived at Roanoke Island on the North Carolina coast in 1587 has always been a mystery. A supply ship from England docked in 1590 to find the colony abandoned, with few records to explain what had happened. Two decades later, the Jamestown colony in Virginia reported thousands of deaths from starvation, and the settlers came close to abandoning their new home.Historians have long blamed the failure at Roanoke and the problems at Jamestown on inexperience, ineptitude, internal quarreling and hostile natives. But archaeologist Dennis Blanton, of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, Williamsburg, noted that the Jamestown colonists wrote of the local tribes complaining about poor corn crops and decided to see if climate had played a role. He contacted David Stable of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville who uses tree ring data to study climate.Stable’s group studied cores from 140 bald cypress trees in Virginia, near the sites of the two colonies. They found that the timing of the unsuspecting colonists could not have been much worse. Jamestown colonists landed in 1607, during the driest seven-year period in 770 years, and colony medical records show a close correlation between the severity of drought and mortality. Roanoke Island habitants were even more unfortunate. Although their drought was shorter it was even drier, the worst in 800 years.Blanton points out that the Jamestown colonists had counted on trading with the natives for food, and that they had brought copper, a metal prized by local tribes. However, the locals proved reluctant to trade in the face of the drought, leaving the colonists short of food. Drought exaggerated the difficultiesbetween two alien cultures, says Blanton.21、The first English settlers in North America were considered extraordinarily unlucky because .[A] they knew too well about the climate[B] they studied centuries of the climate data[C] they arrived during the driest period in 800 years[D] they arrived in summer time（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C22、Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] The first settlers of Roanoke Island nearly abandoned their colony.[B] Unlike the Roanoke Island settlers, the Jamestown settlers met with serious starvation[C] The Jamestown settlers were the first English settlers in North America.[D] Few people knew what had happened to the Roanoke Island settlers.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D23、According to Dennis Blanton, the real reason for the failure at Roanoke was .[A]inexperience[B]ineptitude[B]hostile natives[D]bad climate（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D24、Compared with Roanoke Island inhabitants, Jamestown settlers were luckier because .[A] there were cypress trees in Virginia[B] their drought was drier[C] their drought was shorter[D] their drought was less severe（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D25、The local Indian tribes were reluctant to trade with Jamestown settlers because .[A] they themselves didn’t have enough to eat[B] they knew too little about the value of the copper brought by the settlers[C] they had quite different cultures with the new settlers[D] they considered the new settlers to be their enemy（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】AText2In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivers, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847 the United States Post Office department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that during the years of these cumbersome (笨拙的)arrangements, private letter—carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-illegal, they thrived. Andactually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town having 10,000 people had to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.26、The passage mainly discusses .[A] the increased use of private mail services[B] the development of a government postal system[C] a comparison of urban and rural postal services[D] the history of postage stamps（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B27、All the following were seen as advantages of the postage stamp EXCEPT that .[A] it had to be purchased by the sender in advance[B] it increased the cost of mail delivery[C] it was difficult to affix to letters[D] is was easy to counterfeit（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A28、The author mentions the city of Philadelphia (para.2) because .[A] it was the site of the first post office in the United Stated[B] its postal service was inadequate for its population[C] it was the largest city in the United States in 1847[D] it was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B29、In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?[A] A salary.[B] Transportation.[C] Housing.[D] Free postage stamps.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A30、The private postal services of the 19th century claimed that they could do which of the following better than government?[A] Deliver a higher volume of mail.[B] Deliver mail more cheaply.[C] Deliver mail faster.[D] Deliver mail to rural areas.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CText3The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmosphericgases hold in suspension (悬浮)great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts.The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible (感觉不到的). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown that these assumptions were incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata (layers).The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere (对流层). One the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth’s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperature within the troposphere decreases about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, wind and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west at velocity of 150 mph, but velocity as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable.Current intensive research may eventually rebel their true significance.Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere (同温层). The stratosphere is separated from tropopause (对流层顶). Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is layer of ozone (臭氧) gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this ozone were not there, the full blast of the sun’s ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform.The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinate but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere (电离层) because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. It effects upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown.31、A jet plane will usually have its best average rate of speed on its run from .[A] New York to San Francisco[B] Los Angeles to New York[C] Beijing to Singapore[D] Sydney to T okyo（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B32、At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12,000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually .[A] below freezing[B] about 42 degrees colder than on the ground[C] warmer than in Interlaken[D] about 75 degrees colder than in Interlaken（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B33、Studies in the stratosphere have been made possible by .[A] meteorologists[B] jet planes[C] earth satellites[D] study of jet streams（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C34、Life as we know it exists on the earth because the atmosphere .[A] contains a layer of ozone gases[B] contains electrically charged particles[C] is warmest at the bottom[D] carries the ultraviolet rays of the sun（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A35、The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is .[A] The Makeup of the Atmosphere[B] Studying the Atmosphere[C] Atmosphere and Weather[D] The Sun’s Rays（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】CText4There was a note on the desk informing me that Mr. Summer, journalist, would be arriving during the night. I was to show him around the factory, allowing him to see anything and anyone."You’d think," I said to Sid, who shared the room with me and who was resting his feet on the desk, "that I had nothing better to do."He turned out to be plump. Mr. Summer and he wore anexpensive grey suit. Over his arm he carried a new pair of overalls. As soon as he was in the room he smiled charmingly at both of us and shook us by the hand. Sid, ironically courteous, offered Summer his seat and himself sat on a tin can in the corner of the room. Summer immediately offered cigarettes. We only took one each."I hope," Summer began, "that I am not putting you out at all." He enlarged his smile and looked at us both steadily, in turn. "My idea, basically, is to look at industry from the other side. One has the management’s point of view, of course. But I want to know how the workers feel about industry.""Exhausted," said Sid. "Most of the time," he added.Summer laughed. His laugh like his voice was steady and soft, discreet, establishing mutual sympathy and understanding. He behaved and looked like a visitor from a distant place where elegance was not the mark of a traitor."That is the kind of thing I want," he said.Above the noise of the cranes as they passed the window we could hear a wail, beginning like one cat in pain but growing until it might have been in a variety of agonies (极度痛苦). Summer jumped in his seat and dropped his cigarette. The door was kicked open and Lennie, who had been making the noise, came in swearing. Summer could not hide his astonishment at Lennie’s appearance, at the red hair to the should ers, the lensless spectacles, the red, six-inch-long nose, the black, heavy moustache."Lennie," I said, "meet Mr. Summer, a writer for the papers"."Thank God," said, Lennie, taking his spectacles off. Since the false nose and moustache were attached to them they also came off. He removed the wig.Lennie was grey-haired and solemn-faced; his nose was still abnormally long. "Pardon me," he said to Summer, "I thought you were one of these fancy managers. No offence."36、What was the purpose of Summer’s visit?[A] To bring information from the management.[B] To check the efficiency of the workers.[C] To find out the attitude of the workers.[D] To examine the machinery at the factory.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C37、What was the narrator’s reaction to the proposed visit?[A] He thought it would be a waste of his time.[B] He was pleased to have something different to do.[C] He was happy to assist the management.[D] He thought it would cause trouble.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A38、When Summer arrived, Sid’s behaviour was .[A] hostile[B] polite[C] nervous[D] indifferent（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B39、Summer’s manner of speaking showed him to be .[A] a stranger to this environment[B] an inexperienced journalist[C] a prejudiced reporter[D] a man who could not be trusted（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A40、What does Lennie’s behaviour suggest?[A] He did not like journalists.[B] He did not like managers.[C] He wanted to surprise Sid.[D] He was a cheerful person.（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B三、单项选择题(每题2分，共10分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案。
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析2
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said th at America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.1. From the passage we learn that ________.（A）there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates（B）economy will always follow certain models（C）the economic situation is better than expected（D）economists had foreseen the present economic situation2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（A）Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.（B）An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.（C）A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.（D）Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.3. The sentence This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3) means that ________.（A）the low inflation rate will last for some time（B）the inflation rate will soon rise（C）the inflation will disappear quickly（D）there is no inflation at present4. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.（A）critical of （B）puzzled by （C）disappointed at （D）amazed at1.（C）意为：经济形势比预想的好。
考研英语模拟试卷301(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语模拟试卷301(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is【1】only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even【2】. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to【3】the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite【4】. 【5】, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, once broken, makes the offender immediately the object of【6】. It has been known as a fact that a British has a【7】for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it【8】. Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom【9】forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and【10】to everyone. This may be so.【11】a British cannot have much【12】in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong【13】a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate —or as inaccurate —as the weathermen in his【14】. Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references【15】weather that the British【16】to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are【17】by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?”“Beautiful!”may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?”Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is【18】.pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know【19】to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will【20】an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1．A．relaxedB．frustratedC．amusedD．exhausted正确答案：A解析：语义衔接题。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The head of a company that says it has produced the first human clone said on Monday that the mother and baby were home following the child's birth last week and genetic proof demanded by scientists and other skeptics should be 1 in a week.Brigitte Boisselier, chief executive of Clonaid, which is linked to a group that 2 mankind was created by extraterrestrials, 3 to say whether the 31-year-old American mother and her child were in the United States or 4 .Her claim to have cloned a human being last week drew 5 reaction from experts 6 the field and she 7 no proof, 8 said that genetic testing was 9 for Tuesday.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly opposes human cloning,10 was showed in many occasions， said on Friday it was "taking steps to11 " Clonaid's claim. It 12 the implantation of a cloned baby into a woman is 13 in the United States14 FDA approval.Clonaid was 15 by the creator of the Raelian Movement, a group 16 claims 55,000 17 around the world and 18 that life on Earth was sparked by 19 who arrived 25,000 years ago and 20 humans through cloning.1. [A] complicated [B] available [C] durable [D]disposable2. [A] reports [B]intensifies [C] claims [D] believes3. [A]denied [B] opposed [C] distinguished [D]declined4. [A]anywhere [B]nowhere [C] otherwhere [D]elsewhere5. [A] content [B] skeptical [C]critical [D]obvious6. [A] in [B] on [C] upon [D]from7. [A]indicated [B]manifested [C] offered [D]provided8. [A] but [B] but also [C]although [D]despite of9. [A] required [B]speculated [C] scheduled [D]disposed10.[A]than [B]as [C] but [D]that11.[A]look [B] inquire [C] investigate [D]study12.[A] said [B] showed [C] is said [D]manifested13.[A]improper [B] illogical [C] impossible [D] illegal14.[A] from [B] without [C]against [D]under15.[A] raised [B] founded [C] produced [D]manufactured16.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D]unless17.[A] participants [B] opponents [C] followers [D]counterparts18.[A] asserts [B] estimated [C]announced [D]predicts19.[A] materials [B] extraterrestrials [C] substances [D]things20.[A] discovered [B]produced [C] created [D]inventedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points) TEXT 1How should one read a book? In the first place, I want to emphasize the question mark at the end of my beginning sentence. Even if I could answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not to you. The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusion. If this is agreed between us, then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because you will not allow them to restrict that independence which is the most important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a certain day; but is Hamlet a better play than Lear? Nobody can say. Each must decide that question of himself. To admit authorities, however heavily furred and gowned, into our libraries and let them tell us how to read, what to read, what value to place upon what we read, is to destroy the spirit of freedom which is the breath of those sanctuaries. Everywhere else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none.But to enjoy freedom, if this old statement is pardonable, we have of course to control ourselves. We must not waste our powers, helplessly and ignorantly, spraying water around half the house in order to water a single rose-bush; we must train them, exactly and powerfully, here on the very spot. This, it may be, is one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library. What is “the very spot”? There may well seem to be nothing but a conglomeration and huddle of confusion. Poems and novels,histories and memoirs, dictionaries and blue-books; books written in all languages by men and women of all tempers, races, and ages jostle each other on the shelf. And outside the donkey brays, the women gossip at the pump, the colts gallop across the fields. Where are we to begin? How are we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and so get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?21. Which of the following is true about the question raised at the beginning of the passage?[A] The author does have a universally correct answer to the question.[B] The author implies that she is not interested in the question.[C] The author thinks there may be different answers to the question.[D] The author wonders if there is any point in asking the question.22. A good reader should, according to the author, be able to[A] maintain his own viewpoints concerning reading.[B] take advice from everybody instead of any one person.[C] share his experiences in reading with others.[D] take the suggestions other people give him.23. In comparing Hamlet with Lear, the author means that[A] Hamlet is better than Lear.[B] Hamlet is no any better than Lear.[C] Both plays are good works.[D] There is no way to tell which is better.24. To the author, the advice in reading given by authorities is[A] the most important for readers.[B] unlikely to be helpful to readers.[C] our guidance in choosing what to read.[D] only useful in the libraries.25. What is “one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library?” (Paragraph 2)[A] We may become too excited to be quiet in the library.[B] We do not make best use of the library books.[C] We may get totally lost as to what to choose to read.[D] We cannot concentrate on our reading in the library.TEXT 2Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees fromone country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been ca lled “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s justa fact of the human condition.”26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the first three passage[A] Migration exerts a great impact on population change.[B] Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.[C] Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.[D] Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.27. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] human adaptability[B] human evolution[C] cultural differences[D] inter-group inequalities28. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?[A] Farmers. [B] Workers. [C] Settlers. [D] Colonizers.29. There seems to be a(n) relationship between great events and migration.[A] loose [B] indefinite [C] causal [D] remote30. The author uses the example of Athens to show that .[A] Athens was built mainly by slaves[B] Athens enlightenment has nothing to do with slaves[C] Slaves are too many at that time[D] Migration never stopped even between big human conflictsTEXT 3Economies can get truly richer only through increased productivity growth, either from technological advances or from more efficient production thanks to international trade. Thus china’s integration into the world economy genuinely creates wealth. The same cannot be said of all the “wealth” produced by stock market or housing bubbles.In recent years, many people around the world have found it easier to make money from rising asset prices than from working. Roger Bootle, the managing director of Capital Economics, a London consultancy, calls this “money for nothing.” The surge in share prices in the late 1900s boosted the shareholdings of American households by $7 trillion over four years, equivalent to almost two years’ income from employment—without requiring any effort. The value of those shares has since fallen, but the drop has been more than offset by soaring house prices. Over the past four years the value of homes in America has increased by more than $5 trillion, making many Americans feel richer and less inclined to save. But much of this new wealth is an illusion.The first mistake, at the end of the 1990s, was to believe that shareswere actually worth their quoted price. The second mistake, today, is to view higher house prices as increased wealth. A rise in share prices can, in theory, reflect expected future gains in profits. The stock market boom did reflect some genuine wealth creation in the shape of productivity gains, however exaggerated they may have been. But rising house prices do not represent an increase in wealth for a country as a whole. They merely redistribute wealth to home-owners from non-home-owners who may hope to buy in the future. Nevertheless the illusion of new-found wealth has caused households as a whole to save less and spend and borrow more.Historically low interest rates have fuelled housing bubbles in America and many other countries around the globe. At some stage prices will fall, obliging consumers to save much more and spend less. The unwinding of America’s vast economic imbalances could depress growth there for many years, whereas China’s slowdown looks likely to be fairly brief.Oddly enough, China may be partly to blame for this wealth illusion in rich economies, because central bankers have been slow to grasp the consequences of China’s rapid integration into the world economy. By producing goods more cheaply and so helping to hold down inflation and interest rates in rich economies, China may have indirectly encouraged excessive credit creation and asset-price bubbles there. Inflation has remained low, but excess liquidity now flows into the prices of houses and shares rather than the prices of goods and services. And to keep its exchange rate pegged to the dollar, China has been buying vast amounts of American Treasury bonds, which has helped to depress bond yields and mortgage rates, fuelling America’s property boom.31. The best title of this passage may be[A] New methods of Wealth production[B] China is to blame for economic bubbles[C] Western economies are not as rich as they seem to be[D] Different economic growth roads32. In the author’s mind, Roger Bootle’s point of view might be[A] Strongly misleading [B] A bit too sarcastic [C] Totally unacceptable [D] Nothing but truth33. According to the author, the major difference between share price rising and house price rising is[A] stock markets can witness some real wealth accumulation while house-price-rising cannot.[B] stock markets have more bubbles.[C] house-price-rising causes families to save less and to spend more.[D] stock prices may go down but house prices seldom .34. The word “brief” in the last line of the fourth paragraph may probably mean[A] not important [B] short in time [C] significant [D] unnecessary35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true[A] Western central bankers are not well prepared for Chinese integration into the world economy.[B] China has been buying large amount of real estates so that American property price booms.[C] Since China exports products more cheaply, it will be a major factor to counteract inflation.[D] There are also house-price bubbles in China.TEXT 4As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour．At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology Man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.This is an entirely news situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind’s struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to theonslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.As technology becomes ever more potent and Nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between state and civil society.The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand, the macro-word in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a news type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems.There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to mostcitizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And so we have to hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring.Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization.36. The mention of Man’s victo ry over Nature at the beginning of the passage is to highlight .[A] a new creative powers [B] Man’s creative powers[C] The role of modern technology [D] Man’s ground-breaking work37. According to the author, the current conflict is more dangerous as[A] nature will punish human beings more severely.[B] man and nature cannot share the same communicative channel.[C] technological advances are to be a double-edged sword.[D] Human beings cannot unite together.38. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed new international authority?[A] Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries.[B] Dealing with worldwide environmental issues.[C] Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature.[D] Authorizing efforts to improve human health.39. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his .[A] dissatisfaction [B] disillusionment [C] objection [D] doubt40. The best title of this text may probably be[A] Man and Nature: The Everlasting Conflict[B] Mankind in the New Millennium[C] UN Must Be Reformed[D] New Approaches on Man-Nature Conflict: a More Powerful Global OrganizationPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that doesnot fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It's 10 p.m. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.(41)____________________ Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janie is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip - the one embedded in your hand.To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients."Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana. "A lot of people won't have to carry wallets anymore," he says. "What the implications are [for this technology], in the long run, is profound."(42)__________________________"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy," says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It's a double-edged sword."The research of embedding microchips isn't entirely new.(43)________________But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Fla., is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands - and bodies - of ordinary humans.(44)_______________________When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data - say an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips - such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future - will need to beam out information all the time. (45)___________________Another additional hurdle, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still be sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space.In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legaland privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.[A] Back in 1998, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick's computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university's building.[B] The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin.[C] Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.[D] And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.[E] Tiny chips know your name easily.[F] Every woman dreams of receiving a huge, sparkling and priceless diamond that be controlled by tiny chips . Now scientists have developed the most useful diamond .[G] The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)46) A hundred years ago, when sport was confined largely to games played in the backyard or on the farm, one could hardly have imagined the attention that it has come to receive in the twentieth century. Today, the importance of sport in society is clearly demonstrated by the fact that even the CBS evening news can be preempted for the final of a tennis match. A survey conducted in the late 1980s revealed that fully 81 percent of all adults follow some organized sport, mostly on television. And the phenomenon of weekend “sports widows”—women abandoned by their husbands for weekend sports on television—is entering its third generation.Sport is defined sociologically as competitive physical activity that is performed under established rules. Like all social institutions, sport serves numerous functions. First, it provides society with a vast arrayof leisure-time activities for all segments of the population.47) Although it is an overstatement to say that modern society is a leisure society, there has been a significant increase in the amount of non-work time that most people have available. Furthermore, recreational activity has become increasingly necessary in a society in which the vast majority of jobs provide little or no physical activity. Second, sport provides an outlet for energies that, if not diverted, could cause serious strain on the social order.48) For both fan and participant, sport permits the expression of emotions (such as anger and frustration) in ways that are acceptable to, even encouraged by, society. Finally, sport provides society with role models. Athletes at all levels, but especially famous athletes, provide examples of conduct and employment of skills that others can emulate.Although sports promote many positive aspects of a society, conflict theorists are quick to point out that they also reflect society’s inequalities. Like most other social institutions, sports are characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender. For example, certain sports—such as polo, tennis, and skiing—have traditionally appealed to the wealthy. Other sports—such as boxing, which is often associated with urban poverty—are distinctly lower class in origin and participation. 49) In general, members of the lower and working classes have tended to participate in sports like baseball and basketball: games that require little more than a field, a ball, and some players.Although sport is sometimes considered exempt from racial inequality, sociological evidence has shown this not to be the case.50) Although it is true that nonwhites in American society have enjoyed greater opportunities for high incomes in professional sports than in other occupations, it is also true that virtually all managers and owners of sports team are white. There are few nonwhite sportscasters, administrators, umpires, or referees. Furthermore, nonwhites are all but absent (even as players) from all professional sports except baseball, basketball, boxing, and football.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Your university library intends to improve its service and facilities. Write a letter to the chief librarian to1) explain who you are,2) say what you like about the library,3) suggest ways in which it could be improved.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Look at the following picture and write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to find happiness.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)试题答案Section I Use of English1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.DPart B41.G 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.DPart C46）一百年前，运动仅仅局限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动。
考研英语一模拟试卷及详解
考研英语一模考试卷及详解SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）Science has now proved humans can’t help talking about themselves.It just feels too good.In a new study,Harvard University researchers conducted a series of experiments to1how much people liked talking about themselves and why.In one study,they scanned people’s brains2those people either revealed personal information about themselves or3the opinions of others.In another experiment, researchers tested whether people preferred to answer questions about themselves, other people or4facts—participants got differing levels of monetary compensation5on the question they chose.No matter the test,the researchers found the results pointed the same way:humans get a biochemical excitement from6.That’s7we spend almost40%of conversation talking about ourselves,says the study—our brain chemistry8us to do it.In the first experiment,researchers found that sharing personal information led to9in the reward areas of the brain —the same ones that are10in response to rewards like food.Talking about other people did not11the circuits as much.In the second experiment,people were willing to1217%of their earnings in order to answer questions about themselves. The researchers also noted that people13enjoyed self-disclosure if they knew other people were listening.When people were given a choice to share their responses with others or to keep them14,they sacrificed25%of their potential earnings in order to15the personal information.Previously,humans’16for talking about themselves was thought to be caused by a desire for17with others,a way to open up to people and get them to trust us18in hopes of setting the foundation for friendship.19this appears to be the first study to20that people talk about themselves mainly because they like the way it feels.1.[A]assess[B]value[C]emphasize[D]sustain2.[A]and[B]while[C]whereas[D]since3.[A]collected[B]followed[C]judged[D]changed4.[A]indifferent[B]unconcerned[C]neutral[D]detached5.[A]depending[B]relying[C]reacting[D]deciding6.[A]self-talk[B]self-disclosure[C]self-confidence[D]self-evaluation7.[A]How[B]where[C]why[D]what8.[A]allows[B]drives[C]urges[D]lures9.[A]impairment[B]abnormality[C]activity[D]motivation10.[A]included[B]engaged[C]participated[D]absorbed11.[A]create[B]introduce[C]summon[D]trigger12.[A]give up[B]give away[C]give out[D]give in13.[A]barely[B]particularly[C]rarely[D]seldom考研英语一模考试卷及详解14.[A]private[B]individual[C]safe[D]accurate15.[A]conceal[B]broadcast[C]register[D]protect16.[A]pursuit[B]prejudice[C]Preference[D]demand17.[A]competition[B]intimacy[C]comparison[D]imitation18.[A]in return[B]in reply[C]in reference[D]in turn19.[A]Hence[B]However[C]Although[D]But20.[A]suppose[B]require[C]mention[D]suggestSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1The World Wide Web was invented—initially,with the intention of making it easier for scientists to share their results—and everything changed.Now,any scientist worth his grant has a website,and that site will often let the casual visitor download copies of its owner’s work.And,though it has taken a while,some publishers have decided they do mind about this—indeed one,Elsevier,based in the Netherlands, has been fighting back.It is using the Digital Millennium Copyright Act(DMCA),an American law that lets copyright holders demand the removal of anything posted online without their permission,to require individual scientists to eliminate from their websites papers published in its journals.Elsevier seems to have the law on its side.Like journalists writing for a newspaper, academics submitting an article to a journal usually sign contracts which transfer copyright to the publisher.But,though the firm may be right legally,culturally it is on trickier ground,given the ubiquity of current practice.As Thomas Hickerson, the University of Calgary’s chief librarian,puts it,"requesting such removals…seems at odds with the nature of an academic enterprise,in which the sharing of research information is an essential element."The short-term response from scientists and their employers seems to be that if Elsevier persists,and other publishers join in,they will try to find legal workarounds.As the University of California,Irvine,which was on the receiving end of some of the takedown notices,points out in advice to its staff,it is usually only the final version of an article,as it appears in a journal,that is covered by publisher’s copyright.There is nothing to stop scientists making earlier versions available.Many universities run repositories in which such drafts can be deposited for anyone to read.In an article posted shortly after the row started,Elsevier itself pointed out that such earlier versions can be shared freely.In the longer run,however,cracking down in this way risks having the perverse effect, from the publishers’point of view,of accelerating the rise of"open access" publishing,in which papers are made available online at no cost to the reader,and which therefore sidesteps at least some of the administrative headaches oftraditional journal publishing.Many advocates of open access make a moral case for it,too,arguing that freely available research is a public good—and that much of it is paid for by taxpayers in the first place.Ross Mounce,a paleontologist at the University of Bath,in England,and an advocate of open access,is enthusiastic about what has happened."This",he says,referring to the row,"has been great for open-access advocates.Lots of people who were completely apathetic before are starting to realize the importance of how we distribute scientific research."21.Elsevier has the legal right to remove papers from its authors’website because_____.[A]research has to be published exclusively.[B]the DMCA applies to multinational businesses.[C]copyright has already been signed over to it.[D]the window allowing free download has been closed.22.Thomas Hickers on would most likely agree that_____.[A]Elsevier should demand the removals.[B]research should be distributed freely.[C]academic publishers should be protected.[D]libraries are entitled to free papers.23.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that_____.[A]it is legal for a scientist to use a draft of are search paper.[B]universities are ready to go against publishers in court.[C]Elsevier grants the use of copies of its papers to teaching.[D]other publishers are expected to follow suit soon enough.24.The author believes that"open access"publishing may_____.[A]solve academic publishers’problems.[B]thrive due to Elsevier’s course of action.[C]accelerate the rate of scientific discoveries.[D]help expose science to the general public.25.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?[A]It is immoral for Elsevier to hinder the circulation of its papers.[B]Most college professors are passionate advocates of open access.[C]Government-funded research can be seen as public property.[D]The open access movement is losing popularity due to the row.Text2A poll of Nature’s readers suggests that feelings about metrics are mixed.Many researchers say that,in principle,they welcome the use of quantitative performance metrics because of the potential for clarity and objectivity.Yet they also worry that the hiring,promotion and tenure committees that control their fate will ignore考研英语一模考试卷及详解crucial but hard-to-quantify aspects of scientific performance such as mentor ship and collaboration building,and instead focus exclusively on a handful of easy-to-measure numbers related mostly to their publication and citation rates. Academic administrators contacted by Nature suggest that this fear may be exaggerated.Most institutions seem to take a gratifyingly nuanced approach to hiring and tenure decisions,relying less on numbers and more on wide-ranging,qualitative assessments of a candidate’s performance made by experts in the relevant field. Yet such enlightenednuancing cannot be taken for granted.Numbers can be surprisingly seductive,and evaluation committees need to guard against letting a superficial precision undermine their time-consuming assessment of a scientist’s full body of work.This is particularly true in countries such as Britain,where metrics-heavy national assessments of universities can trickle down,so that individuals feel more rewarded for quantity than for quality--and change theirbehavior to match.New measures of scientific impact are being developed all the time,in part driven by government agencies looking to quantify the results they are getting for their investment.Such innovation is to be encouraged.But researchers must be mindful of how and why the metrics they are making are being used.There needs to be much discussion between specialists such as social scientists,economists and scientometricians to ensure that metrics development goes hand-in-hand with a discussion of what the metrics are for,and how they are affecting people.Only then can good suggestions be made about how to improve the system.Academic administrators,conversely,need to understand what the various metrics can and cannot tell them.Many measures—including the classic"impact factor"that attempts to describe a journal’s influence—were not designed to assess individual scientists.Yet people still sometimes try to apply them in that way.Given that scientometricians continue to devise metrics of ever-increasing sophistication, universities and scientific societies need to help decision-makers keep abreast.Setting a good example is the European Summer School for Scientometrics, a program that is being inaugurated in Berlin.It promises a science-based approach to tutoring on the merits and pitfalls of various metrics.Institutions must also ensure that they give their researchers a clear and complete picture of how assessments are made.This can be awkward—but transparency is essential:no matter how earnestly evaluation committees say that they are assessing the full body of a scientist’s work,not being open about the criteria breeds the impression that a fixed number of publications is a strict requirement,that teaching is undervalued and that service to the community is worthless.Such impressions do more than breed discontent--they alter the way that scientists behave.To promote good science,those doors must be opened wide.26.What will relieve researchers of their worries according to the passage?[A]Quantitative metrics system will be soon abolished.[B]Qualitative performance is more valued by committees.[C]Synthetic assessment is now adopted by institutions.[D]Quantitative versus qualitative debate will disappear.27.The author refers to Britain in the third paragraph as______.[A]a warning of possible threats therein.[B]a qualitative example for others to follow.[C]a disproof of quantitative evaluation.[D]a support to enlightenment institutions.28.What is essential to perfect the evaluation system according to the author?[A]Full discussions among experts over metrics.[B]Fair criteria of institutions to devise metrics.[C]Clear knowledge of the purpose of new metrics.[D]Definitive definition by scientists of metrics.29.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern of______.[A]the confusion of scientists about evaluation criteria.[B]the ineffectiveness of evaluation measures applied.[C]the ignorance of decision-makers to metrics influence.[D]the incompetence of the assessment committee.30.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Most researchers are not aware of assessment criteria.[B]Superficial evaluation could lead to misconceptions.[C]Community service is highly admired by the academia.[D]Current assessment system distorts scientists’behavior.Text3A cluster of state-owned power plants in north-western Greece have been spewing smoke and toxic ash over nearby villages for decades.The plants are fueled by lignite, a dirty brown coal extracted from open-pit mines that scar the local countryside. Studies have shown that mining communities suffer above-average rates of lung disease and cancer,yet jobs in other sectors are scarce in a region with chronically high unemployment.Changes may be on the way.Kyriakos Mitsotakis,the new centre-right prime minister, has promised to shut down all of Greece’s14lignite-fired power stations by2024. Fleets of wind turbines and solar panels will be rolled out across rehabilitated mining areas.Mr Mitsotakis is anxious to boost Greece’s green credentials:at present its annual carbon-equivalent emissions are a third higher than those of Portugal,a similar-sized EU member state.Despite being blessed by abundant sunshine and strong winds that blow year-round across the Aegean sea,Greece is still a clean-energy laggard.That is mostly due to PPC,the state electricity utility,which has stuck to lignite to save money, rather than switching to natural gas and renewables.In2017some70%of homes and businesses consumed electricity that was produced at PPC’s lignite-fired power stations.This year the figure may fall to50%:small private suppliers that run natural-gas-fired plants have picked up customers fleeing PPC after Mr Mitsotakis’考研英语一模考试卷及详解s government raised its electricity prices.The prime minister has set himself a remarkably ambitious target:renewable sources are to cover35%of Greece’s energy needs by2030.That would mean tripling current wind and solar output,at a cost of around 40bn.Consultants predict a bonanza for foreign investors:Chinese,American,Spanish and Italian companies already own Greek wind and solar installations and are acquiring licences to build more. Oddly,they will face strong opposition from Greece’s increasingly active environmental movement.It takes up to seven years for a licence for a wind park to be granted;many applications are rejected by specialist judges at the council of state,Greece’s highest legal body.Apostolos Pantelis,a hill-walker,is campaigning against plans to build wind parks on mountain ridges in the remote Agrafa region,a refuge for rare griffon vultures, brown bears and wolves.Greece’s environment is"too fragile"to sustain such big projects,he says.New roads would erode the mountainsides and noisy,200m-high turbines would scare away its wildlife.He says that"people used to think wind energy would be beneficial for tourism.But it just ruins the view."31.The Greece government is going to______in north-western Greece.[A]shut down lignite power plants[B]solve the problem of unemployment[C]lower the rate of lung disease[D]revitalize the mining communities32.Which of the following is true of PPC?[A]It uses lignite in that Greece lacks clean energy.[B]It will turn to wind and solar energy soon.[C]It owns14lignite-fired power stations.[D]It dominated power supply in Greece.33.The prime minister’s energy reform may benefit______.[A]foreign investors[B]lignite miners[C]power plants[D]hill-walkers34.Mr.Apostolos Pantelis objects to wind-park plans because he______.[A]strongly advocates opposing environmental movement[B]wants to preserve the landscape and wildlife in Agafra[C]regards wind parks as bonanza for foreign investors[D]believes it is time-consuming to realize the plans35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]The Abuse of Lignite[B]Environment or Tourism[C]Greening Greece[D]More Wind ParksText4The Obama administration released new pollution rules on oil and natural gas production Tuesday to predictable howls from industry.The danger,though,is that the rules won’t do enough to achieve the United States’climate goals.The fracking boom has opened vast deposits of American oil and natural gas for extraction,and that’s been a good thing.The industry has created jobs and cut fuel imports.Natural gas,now cheap,has substituted for dirty coal in electricity production.When burned,natural gas produces significantly fewer greenhouse emissions than coal.But there’s a major problem:Methane,the primary constituent in natural gas,is an extremely potent greenhouse agent when it escapes from wells or pipelines without being burned.Even relatively small amounts of leakage can wipe away the climate benefits of switching to natural gas.That’s why President Obama set a goal of reducing methane leakage by40percent to45percent by2025.The Environmental Protection Agency took a step toward that goal on Tuesday.The agency rolled out rules requiring the oil and gas industry to take more care not to leak methane from new or significantly altered wells,compressors,pneumaticpumps and other potential sources.Environmental groups have long argued that these sorts of upgrades are among the cheapest ways to cut greenhouse emissions.The EPA,meanwhile,points out that the rules should also prevent unhealthful air pollution around oil and gas facilities. The industry counters that companies have already cut methane leakage even as oil and gas production have shot up,pointing out it has an economic incentive to keep its product from leaking.That’s true,up to a point,but these companies don’t have to account for the climate impacts of that leakage so their incentive may be less than what society’s interests would dictate.Until the country has an effective price on carbon that would force companies to account for their greenhouse impact, this line of argument will not be convincing.Also released Tuesday was a report underscoring the need to act on methane emissions, and soon.The study,published in the journal Environmental Science&Technology, found that previous EPA estimates of leakage rates from natural gas collection and processing facilities were far too low.It is findings such as these that have convinced environmental groups that the Obama administration must set comprehensive rules that would be much more ambitious than those announced Tuesday,covering existing infrastructure,not just new or significantly rebuilt facilities.If,after serious study,the EPA is confident that the government will reach its methane goal without a broader crackdown,so much the better.But federal and state regulators shouldn’t hesitate to go further if that promise won’t be realized.36.It can be inferred from Paragraphs2and3that_____.[A]the primary compound in natural gas is the main culprit of greenhouse[B]methane leakage may neutralize the climate benefits of natural gas use[C]anti-leak technologies should be introduced to cutmethane emissions考研英语一模考试卷及详解[D]fracking contributes to over-extraction of American oil and natural gas37.The EPA urged the oil and gas companies to_____.[A]reinforce their facilities supervision[B]renew their production equipment[C]eliminate potential exploding dangers[D]enhance their storage methodspanies reluctantly cut methane leakage because_____.[A]they are juggling emission reduction with production growth.[B]the material rewards they get doesn’t offset their expenses.[C]they have no vested interest in complying with anti-leakage policies.[D]they don’t get the punishment they deserve for the pollution.39.It can be learned from the passage that the oil and natural gas industry_____.[A]is an emerging job creator.[B]isn’t bound by the existing rules.[C]is in a paradoxical situation.[D]take exception to the new rules.40.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]The Limits of Obama’s New Rules on Pollution.[B]New Methane Rules Don’t Cover Existing Pollution.[C]Obama Takes Unprecedented Steps to Cut Methane Pollution.[D]New U.S.Climate Rules Target Methane Leaks.Part BDirections：In the following text，some sentences have been removed.For questions41-45，choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAN help optimize the body’s defenses against infection.And in the age of novel coronavirus,to many people,that’s more important than ever.Taking the right approach to most effectively exercise in the name of immune health is key. 41______The regularity of your exercise routine may be the most important factor in ensuring the immune benefits of activity,says Jim Beitzel,clinical athletic trainer and clinical coordinator for the Northwestern Medicine Athletic Training&Sports Performance Clinic in Warrenville,Illinois.For most adults,60minutes of exercise five days per week is the immunity sweet spot,he says.However,if you’re new to working out,start small with perhaps10or20minutes of low-to moderate-intensity exercise per day,and increase your activity level over the course of weeks or months as you feel comfortable.As long as you stay consistent,every little bit will help.42______A2020paper in Exercise Immunology Reviews confirms that increasing exercise intensity does not suppress immunity or increase the risk of infection. High-intensity exercise,generally considered to be anything that increases your heart rate to more than85%of its max(220minus your age),can be part of any exercise routine that’s aimed at improving you immune health,Beitzel says.Options include running,cycling and rowing sprints as well as fast-paced plyometric strength training.43______Instead,illness following high-intensity exercise is typically related to inadequate recovery,according to the authors of the Exercise Immunology Reviews paper.As exercise intensity,frequency and duration increase,so does the amount of rest your body needs to recover from the stressors of exercise and grow back stronger,explains exercise physiologist Mike T.Nelson,based in Minneapolis.What’s more,non-exercise-related stressors—such as financial worries,sleepless nights and existing illness—occur in large doses,so increasing your recovery efforts is important to recovering from exercise and reducing the risk of overstressing your systems,including your immune one,Nelson says.44______It’s OK to enjoy one style of training more than the other,but for optimal immunity (and overall health),integrate both into your weekly routine,Beitzel says.Federal guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend engaging in75to150minutes of aerobic activity(the lower the intensity,the more time advised)per week and total-body strengthening activities at least two days per week. Examples of aerobic activity include jogging,swimming and cycling.Strength training can include bodyweight exercises(such as squats and pushups)as well as exercises such as rows and shoulder presses that use free weights,resistance bands or other equipment.45______Whether you’re exercising in your living room or in a park,you can benefit your immune system.But there may be additional benefits of breaking a sweat outdoors. Being outside increases the body’s levels of immune-system-supporting vitamin D, according to Parikh.Plus,taking your exercise outdoors may strengthen the immune system by activating the body’s parasympathetic"rest and digest"system,according to2015research published in Frontiers in Psychology.This system works in opposition with your sympathetic"fight or flight"system to reduce physiological stress levels and lower inflammation that can inhibit healthy immunity.A.Make sure to recover.B.Focus on consistency.C.Enjoy one style of training.D.Don’t be afraid of intensity.E.Get outside.F.Optimize the body’s defenses.G.Do both cardio and strength training.考研英语一模考试卷及详解Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.（10points）Before entering on the question of the relation of morality to our exiting social environment,it will be advisable to inquire what we mean by moral progress,and what evidence there is that any such progress has occurred in recent times,or even within the period of well-established history.(46)By morals we mean right conduct,not only in our immediate social relations, but also in our dealings with our fellow citizens and with the whole human race.It is based upon the possession of clear ideals as to what actions are right and what are wrong and the determination of our conduct by a constant reference to those ideals.(47)The beliefs was once prevalent,and is still held by many persons,that a knowledge of right and wrong is inherent or instinctive in everyone,and that the immoral person may be justly punished for such wrong doing as he commits.But that this cannot be wholly,if at all,true is shown by the fact that in different societies and at different periods the standard of right and wrong changes considerably.That which at one time and place is held to be right and proper is,at another time or place,considered to be not only wrong,but one of the greatest of crimes.We are obliged to conclude,therefore,that what is commonly termed morality is not wholly due to any inherent perception of what is right or wrong conduct,but that it is to some extent and often very largely a matter of convention,varying at different times and places in accordance with the degree and kind of social development which has been attained often under different conditions of existence.The actual morality of a community is largely a product of the environment, but it is local and temporary,not permanently affecting the character.(48)To bring together the evidence in support of this view,to distinguish between what is permanent and inherited and what is superficial and not inherited,and to trace out some of the consequences as regards what we term"morality"is the purpose of the present volume.Though much of what we term morality has no absolute sanction in human nature,yet it is to some extent,and perhaps very largely,based upon it.(49)It will be well, therefore,to consider briefly the nature and probable origin of what we term "character"—in individuals,in societies,and especially in those more ancient and more fundamental divisions of mankind which we term"races".Character may be defined as the integration of mental faculties and emotions which constitute personal or national individuality.It is very strongly inherited,yet it is probably subject to more inherent variation than is the form and structure of the body.(50)The combinations of its constituent elements are so numerous as, in common language,to be termed infinite;and this gives to each person a very distinct individuality,as manifested in speech,in emotional expression,and in action.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions：Suppose you were invited by Professor William to work as an assistant in his new program,but you had a plan for writing a paper.Write an email to him to refuse his invitation,make an apology,and recommend your roommate to him.You should write about100words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions：Write an essay of160—200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。
2024年考研英语一试题及答案：英语一Text 3(31-35题)
2024年考研英语一试题及答案：英语一Text 3（31-35题）业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
英语一Text 3Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes. He has made illustrations for games such as Sony’s Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft’s Anno, Dungeons & Dragons, and Magic: The Gathering. And he’s become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion, which was launched late last month. The tool, along with other popular image-generation AI models, allows anyone tocreate impressive images based on text prompts. For example, type in “Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski’s style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists. As a result, they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright. And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica, which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion, Rutkowski’s name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times. Some of the world’s most famous artists, such as Michelangelo, Pablo Picasso, and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less. Rutkowski’s name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator, Midjourney. Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences. Then hetried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published. The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn’t his."It’s been just a month. What about in a year? I probably won’t be able to find my work out there because [the internet] will be flooded with AI art,”Rutkowski says. “That’s concerning.”Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparentpopularity of their work in text-to-image generatorsand some are nowfighting back Karla Ortiz. an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion's data set, has been raising awareness about the issuesaround AI art and copyright. Artists say they risk losing income as peoplestart using Al-generated images based on copyrighted material forcommercial purposes. But it's also a lot more personal, Ortiz says, arguingthat because art is so closely linked to a person, it could raise dataprotection and privacy problems."There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how totackle ormitigate this, says Ortiz. The group is in its early days ofmobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulationOne suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the publicdomain, and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums andartists, Ortiz says.31. what can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?A. He is enthusiastic about using Al modelsB. He is popular with user of an Al art generator.C.He attracts admiration tram other illustratorsD.He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32. The problem with open - source Al art generators is that theyA lack flexibility in responding to promptsB. produce artworks in unpredictable stylesc. make unauthorized use of online imagesD collect user information without consent33.After searching online, Rutkowski foundA a unique way to reach audiencesB.A new method to identity Al imagesC.Al-generated work bearing his nameD. heated disputes regarding his copyright34. According to Ortiz, Al companies are advised toA. campaign for new policies or regulation.B. offer their services to public institutionsc. strengthen their relationship with Al usersD. adopt a different strategy for Al model training35 What is the text mainly about?A. Artists' responses to Al art generationB.AI's expanded role in artistic creationC. Privacy issues in the application of Al.D.Opposing views on Al development31-35答案：BCCDB。
考研英语模拟测试题及答案
考研英语模拟测试题及答案阅读理解题题目一：In the early years of satellite television, when bankers and bond traders were first acquiring their gigantic sky dishes, many analysts predicted that the emerging technologies would quickly transform television in ways few of us could imagine. “The real potential of satellite signals,” said a typical observer, “is that they will make it possible for viewers to have access to a much wider range of programming.”This prediction, as it turns out, has been only partially accurate. In fact, the actual development of satellite television has fallen far short of the ambitions expressed by its early advocates. While it is true that viewers today have access to more channels than in the past, most of these channels are merely shallow and unimaginative clones of the three networks that existed before the age of satellite. And satellite television has made little progress in reaching an audience that is more sophisticated or discriminating in its habits than the audience that was served by network television in the past.Given the many disappointments that have accompanied our experience with satellite television, it seems only appropriate to express a few words of caution and skepticism as we begin to explore the possibilities of another emerging technology: the digital revolution.What does the passage suggest about the potential of satellite television?A.The potential of satellite television has been largely realized.B.The development of satellite television has validated the arguments of its early advocates.C.Viewers today have access to more channels than before the age of satellite.D.The potential of satellite television has not been fully realized.答案一：D解析一：The author of this passage notes that while some early observers predicted that satellite television would transform television in ways the public could not imagine, these predictions have not exactly come to fruition. While viewers today have access to more channels, these channels may fall short in terms of quality and substance. The tone of the passage is cautious and skeptical.题目二：The modern desire for privacy, in almost all its forms, is really a desire for respect and control. People want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they believe that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. In other words, they want to be able to protect their autonomy and control how others perceive them.These desires are grounded in good reasons. In democratic societies, respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens. The ability to engage in political and social activity without fear of reprisal is critical to a vibrant democratic culture. Privacy is also important for personal development. Individuals need a space in which to be themselves, to experiment with new ideas and to develop relationships with people of their choosing.However, privacy is not an absolute value. It needs to be balanced against other important societal values, such as transparency, accountability, and security. When these values are in conflict, the challenge for democratic societies is to strike a balance that protects individual liberties while also safeguarding public interests.What does the passage suggest about why people desire privacy?A.People want privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control.B.People want privacy because they believe it will protect them from reprisal.C.People want privacy because it is necessary to experiment with new ideas.D.People desire privacy for all of the above reasons.答案二：A解析二：The passage suggests that people desire privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control. Specifically, people want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they fear that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. These desires are grounded in good reasons, as respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens.。
考研英语(二)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（二）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities【C1】______it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable【C2】______considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm’s public image plays a vital role in the【C3】______of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders【C4】______stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as【C5】______special groups. With some things it is impossible to【C6】______all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders,【C7】____________ it will undoubtedly find【C8】______from employees who see their jobs【C9】______On the other hand, high-quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval,【C10】______low-quality products and【C11】______claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm’s public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable【C12】______that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily【C13】______or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to【C14】______higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most【C15】______creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm’s stock to command higher price-earnings【C16】______than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image. A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation.【C17】______include physical【C18】______, contacts of outsiders【C19】______company employees, product quality and dependability, prices【C20】______to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.1．【C1】A．whichB．whatC．whereD．whom正确答案：C解析：根据文意和选项可以推测出，所填词引导定语从句修饰communities，it做主语时operate一般为不及物动词，从句有主谓成分，引导词在从句中只能做状语，所以C选项where符合要求，A项which、B项what及D项whom在定语从句中一般不能充当状语。
考研英语一(完形填空)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Globalization can somehow be defined【B1】______harmonization, homogenization or integration of the countries and 【B2】______. Functionally, it can be seen as a process of gradually 【B3】______ interaction and integration of economies and societies around the world. The growing economic interdependence is the most crucial【B4】______force of globalization. In the first【B5】______, it is the economic dimension of globalization which【B6】______both scholars’ and【B7】______attention. Transnational corporations(TNCs) and large financial institutions in the mature and developed industrial economies【B8】______a proactive role【B9】______devising and creating global networks in economic and financial areas. However, sociologist, anthropologist and historian state that the non-economic dimension is【B10】______equally important. For example, Alexander the Great did not only militarily conquer Persia【B11】______introduced western【B12】______, philosophy and scientific technology【B13】______the east.【B14】______he noticed that what he thought the barbarian east had a more complex governing system even than his own. Today, though most popular definitions of globalization are still focusing more【B15】______the economic dimension; the non-economic dimension gets more and more attention in almost every society of the world. There are tons of studies【B16】______this topic. Yet, globalization as a phenomenon, in reality, is still in its【B17】______. According to Harvey, a well-known scholar, globalization is the manifestation of the changing experience of time and space, in which【B18】______economic and social processes has experientially【B19】______the globe, so that distance and time no longer appear【B20】______major constraints on the organization of human activities. Giddens, another scholar argues that “Globalization is the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.”1．【B1】A．asB．to beC．likeD．of正确答案：A解析：考查固定搭配。
考研英语-31_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语-31(总分77, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishIn October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market (www. gs. com/econderivs) for economic indices that 2 substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a 3 trading technology, developed by Longitude, a New **pany providing software for financialmarkets, 4 the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is "digital" 5 of a digital option: ie, it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each "horse" wins ifand 6 the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible 7 of the index, and allowing people to bet 8 any number of runners, **pany has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to 10 the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of 11 have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes, which will make it possible to protect the valueof 13 , for most people, is the single mostimportant 14 of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, 15 last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York State, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the 17 of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. Butthey 19 as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequalitythat 20 will beset us in coming years.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.• A. created• B. generated• C. initiated• D. originatedA B C D分值: 0.5答案:A[解析] 本题涉及词义辨析。
考研英语二(作文)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（作文）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. WritingSection III WritingPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)1．Write an essay based on the drawing. In your writing, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write about 150 words.正确答案：In the picture, three generations are featured. A young couple is at the bottom, supporting their parents in the middle. Their kid, a little girl, is on the top, supported by her four grandparents. This picture draws readers’ attention to the pressure that China’s only-child generation is facing. Pressures on them to provide for their parents and take care of their own child are daunting. While I really empathize with the couple in the picture, I still think that China’s one-child policy should be continued in the foreseeable future. To begin with, the one-child policy would continue to be good for China’s e-conomic development, which will contribute to better nutrition, rising levels of education, higher living standards, and longer life expectancies for the Chinese people. Moreover, the policy has been able to maintain a balance between population and resources. If the policy is discontinued, the population boom would drain the already limited resources. In the light of the two reasons mentioned above, I think the one-child policy should be carried on for the sake of our well-being.解析：这幅图片刻画了一对独生子女夫妇艰难地托着四个老人和一个小孩。
考研英语(知识运用)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（知识运用）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an【C1】______should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually,【C2】______, most people make several job choices during their working lives, 【C3】______because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve【C4】______position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should【C5】______enter into a broad flexible training program that will【C6】______them for a field of work rather than for a single【C7】______. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans【C8】______benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing【C9】______about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss【C10】______. Some drift from job to job. Others【C11】______to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for【C12】______real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field,【C13】______both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal【C14】______. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar”job is【C15】______good reason for choosing it as life’ s work.【C16】______, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the【C17】______of young people should give serious【C18】______to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 【C19】______life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take【C20】______for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.1．【C1】A．identificationB．entertainmentC．accommodationD．occupation正确答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。
考研英语模拟试题及答案[31]
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考研英语模拟试题[31]Part Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____ unlawful was defeated. A．was madeB．was to be madeC．be madeD．would be madeThe agency, _____ to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A．which isB．which it isC．whose job it isD．whose job isPeople were afraid to leave their house, _____ the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.A．and even ifB．but sinceC．however afterD．for thoughAs long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____ in school.A．better thanB．rather thanC．other thanD．more thanThe tremendous heat at a star's core, _____ tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms. A．combined withB．having combined withC．combining withD．being combined toSuccess in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____ on one's honesty and diligence. A．butB．whereasC．asD．likeThough she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____ she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school.A．how little moneyB．such little moneyC．so little moneyD．what little moneyIn learning a foreign language, _____ Engligh,one should first pay attention to speaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing.A．saysB．sayC．to sayD．sayingIt is strange that he _____ so rude to you,though you did so much for him.A．should beB．should have beenC．isD．was_____ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform in 1979.A．EverybodyB．AnybodyC．SomebodyD．NobodySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)Never say anything (A) behind a person's back if (B) you wouldn't (C) say to (D) his face.It is not (A) because they were afraid of earthquakes, but (B) because there was a trend for living (C) in the suburbs so (D) after Wold War Ⅱ many San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb.As (A) a general observation,many physicians regret having (B) never (C) taken a course (D) in the history of medicine.It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A) which (B) we have little or (C) no direct (D) knowledge.There lived (A) in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B) benefits,no old age pensions (C) not any (D) holidays?shy;.The change which these years have brought about (A) is too (B) remarkable to pass over (C) without being noticed (D) .I have too many (A) things to attend (B) to that a holiday for (C) me now is out of the question (D) .When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A) before starting (B) eating.Sometimes you (C) have to wait until the head (D) of the family begins eating.Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) will be taken (C) into account before starting (D) a new project.Although (A) a majority of the houses in that area is (B) still in need of repair (C) ,there has been much inprovement in their (D) appearance.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____ her standards of order.A．live up toB．keep up toC．face up toD．make up toThe hero in the book was _____ by his enemies and left in a gas filled room,but he managed to escape.A．bound upB．tied upC．locked upD．knocked overHe has _____ a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him.A．got mixed up withB．got involved inC．lined up withD．come up withI can _____ her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away. A．work outB．make outC．see throughD．figure outBecause American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____ interests.A．worthB．worthyC．valuableD．worthwhilePeople today spend a _____ portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. A．considerableB．significantC．substantialD．surplusSince she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____ her husband. A．fromB．onC.ofD.withA benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and _____ funds by selling tickets at a full price.A．furnishB．raiseC．accumulateD．contributeMoney serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____ of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.A．measureB．intermediateC．mediumD．mechanismMany museums now provide educational services and children's departments. _____ the usual displays,they also offer film showings and dance programs.A．As well asB．Rather thanC．With the exception ofD．In addition toIt is true that road travel in the old days was difficult, _____ and uncomfortable,but it was comparatively safe.A．tediousB．irritableC．worryingD．disinterestingBy giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____ a partial cure of his short sightedness.A．affectedB．effectedC．affordedD．renderedChinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position and strive for world peace and friendly _____ among peoples.A．collaborationB．harmonyC．coordinationD.intercourseThe Wall Street multi millionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can _____ their surplus goods.A．dampB．deliverC．dumpD．stampThe young soldier killed 25 enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____ the title of Combat Hero.A．awardedB．rewardedC．conferredD．honouredVietnam military costs _____ economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverly exported its inflation abroad.A．reinforcedB．strengthenedC．acceleratedD．intensifiedNot a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____ to the Unifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war.A．submittedB．suggestedC．advancedD．releasedI had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at once the solution _____ across my mind.A．flushedB．flickeredC．flaredD．flashedFor some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____ only but also on the results of tests.A．complaintsB．reportsC．statementsD．symptomsBefore suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____ by horse and cart.A．conveyedB．surveyedC．forwardedD．deliveredPart II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used.Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fifty fold in the twenty years 50 1976．41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain43．A．is B．of C．at D．very44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedentPart Ⅲ Readling ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States.People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include suchthings as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all.Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping.A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ .A.it is used at home to do paper workB.it is used by a writer to type a novelC.it becomes the only means to an endD.a writer does not want to use itStaples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ .A.that people are in constant need ofB.that people do not really wantC.that people want but don't needD.that are convenient to purchaseShopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ .A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumerB.that consumers don't care where to buy themC.that consumers spend much time to look forD.that can be found in nearly every shopUnsought goods _____ .A.have to be newB.have to be standardizedC.have to be promotedD.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homesPassage 2The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level.The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone.Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound absorbing material.The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level.Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying.This passage is mainly concerned with _____ .A．the communcation between a speaker and the audienceB．the use of body language in addressing an audienceC．various distractions of a speaker from the speechD．the appropriate use of voice level in public speechThe second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____ . A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happenB．attention to the audience in public speech is most importantC．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communicationD．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speechThe second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____ .A．to speak in an ordinary conversational toneB．to use electronic amplification in a large roomC．to speak in a loud voice as in conversationD．to adapt voice level to the size of the roomAccording to the passage, in the course of speaking, a speaker should _____ .A．use overhead projectors to help himB．pay enough attention to the audience's reactionC．raise voice level to create special effectD．ignore any distraction from the environmentPassage 3Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology,information theory, chemistry, industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.In what way does lens design resemble chess?A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.B.In the designs of the two activities.C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.D.Each has a doer and a competitor.In lens design, _____ .A.it is completely impossible to pre set the best steps along the wayB.it is always very hard to solve any problemsC.one can work out a best solution to problems in each stepD.there are countless steps towards the final goalCompared with a chess player,lens designer _____ .A.can put his design to mass production.B.can draw on various sources in his workC.can reduce the cost of lens productionD.has no one to train him before taking up the workA lens designer in the past _____ .A.did their work betterB.did not use glass for making lensesC.was usually poorD.designed the lens all by himselfPassage 4A question that health conscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides. But currently, there is no federal standard for pesticide free “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The result, says U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”.Currently, 22 states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for third party certification. Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording. In most cases, that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years. Even if your state does not have its own program, you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace. If you want to know exactly what that means, ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic” produce was grown.Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress. The U．S. Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program. The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients. But in the meantime, if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticide free,you have two options. You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own.The passage implies that _____ ．A．there is really no organically grown produce yetB．some foods are falsely labeledC．some states are slow in making laws concernedD．each state should stop certifying certain foodsIf certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that _____ ．A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is naturalB．it is certified in the state in which it is grownC．it is certified by the U．S． Department of AgricultureD．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of timeThe author advises consumers to _____ .A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown”B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicalsC．buy foods from a seller they often deal withD．make sure the foods are pesticide free before buying themLegislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____ ．A．is being debated in the CongressB．has come into effectC．is in the charge of the U．S. Department of AgricultureD．is delayed due to disagreement in CongressPassage 5Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son. At times, he was affectionate, played with the child, and told him interesting and imaginative stories. At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and would beat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed. The boy had numerous fantasies, including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father. As Angyal put it, the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel, alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant. The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father, whose behaviour made him both God and devil．But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts. He began to behave compulsively, such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion. Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps. He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up, freeing him from his immobility. Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say: “No, you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions, unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life.Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____ ．A．his wish to kill his fatherB．his eagerness to be lovedC．resulting from lack of loveD．his confused feeling towards his fatherThe expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to _____ ．A．was described as being pleasantB．was mistaken as being pleasantC．appeared pleasantD．turned out to be pleasantThe story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____ .A．he wished to solve his problemB．he wanted to get his father killedC．he wished that his father could help himD．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazyWhat the grandfather said _____ .A．made it clear that the father was very selfishB．proved that the father had a distorted characterC．confirmed the boy in his beliefD．made the boy even more confusedPart IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep, architect of the 4600 year old Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape, size and soil.Firstly, shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71) Spreading its huge weight over a wide area, and with a centre of gravity far from any edges, a pyramid cannot topple over. Other shapes can also do the trick. As the 1800 year old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity.Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are, economically they are not.(72) They are massively over engineered: six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semi detached houses. In medieval times, the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed, but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today.Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73) Around 2500 B.C,the sand foundations of the half finished pyramid at Meidum gave way, and 250000 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides.(74) Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa, still toppling at a millimetrea year, despite having 800 tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base.Earthquakes are the real giant-killers. Ironically, the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes, as they lack any "give".Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations, which are used in some buildings in California, do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far.(75) Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes, and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement.Part V Writing (15 points)Directions:A.Title: Travel in HolidaysB.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 wordsC.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II.Outline:1．很多学生利用假期旅游2．旅游之前应做的准备工作3．旅游时除观光外应该注意的事项考研英语模拟试题[31]答案分析Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(C) motion,“动议”，后接同位语从句，其谓语动词应用原形表示虚拟。
考研英语二(完形填空)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（完形填空）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Going hungry is a major contributor to ill health, particularly among children, and a new report reveals how long-lasting the damage can be. Researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the University of Calgary performed the first longterm study on the【C1】______of hunger on general health,【C2】______children from birth to 21 years. Most studies to date have【C3】______only snapshots of childhood health,【C4】______the short-term impact of hunger【C5】______a period of time. In the new analysis, the scientists found that children who went hungry at least once in their lives were 2i-times more likely to have【C6】______overall health 10 to 15 years later, compared with those who never had to【C7】______food. “Our research shows that hunger and food insecurity are really damaging【C8】______children’s life chances,”says lead author Sharon Kirkpatrick, a visiting fellow at NCI. The study supports earlier findings that 【C9】______episodes of hunger are more likely to cause ill health than an isolated experience of starvation: children in Kirkpatrick’s analysis who experienced two or more periods of hunger were more than four times as likely to report ill health than those who never went hungry. The relationship, she says, remained strong even after the team accounted【C10】______other factors that could influence health, such as age, sex and household characteristics like income. 【C11】______one experience of hunger can have lasting effects on a child’s health, a fact that is especially troubling in light of the sobering rise in U.S. households that were【C12】______to do without food in 2008: 15% of American families reported some【C13】______in the amount or quality of food they consumed,【C14】______from 11% the previous year. 15 this study did not probe into the【C16】______mechanism by which hunger affects long-term health, Kirkpatrick【C17】______that both psychological and physiological factors may be at work. Aside from the obvious negative impact that missing key nutrients and calories can have on growth and development, she says, the psychological【C18】______of food insecurity—not being able to afford a【C19】______and high-quality source of food—can be【C20】______to youngsters as well.1．【C1】A．possibilitiesB．reasonsC．effectsD．disadvantages正确答案：C解析：从第一段主题段可知，本文主要讨论饥饿对儿童健康的危害结果。
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考研英语模拟试题[31]Part Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____ unlawful was defeated. A．was madeB．was to be madeC．be madeD．would be madeThe agency, _____ to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A．which isB．which it isC．whose job it isD．whose job isPeople were afraid to leave their house, _____ the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.A．and even ifB．but sinceC．however afterD．for thoughAs long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____ in school.A．better thanB．rather thanC．other thanD．more thanThe tremendous heat at a star's core, _____ tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms. A．combined withB．having combined withC．combining withD．being combined toSuccess in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____ on one's honesty and diligence. A．butB．whereasC．asD．likeThough she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____ she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school.A．how little moneyB．such little moneyC．so little moneyD．what little moneyIn learning a foreign language, _____ Engligh,one should first pay attention to speaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing.A．saysB．sayC．to sayD．sayingIt is strange that he _____ so rude to you,though you did so much for him.A．should beB．should have beenC．isD．was_____ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform in 1979.A．EverybodyB．AnybodyC．SomebodyD．NobodySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)Never say anything (A) behind a person's back if (B) you wouldn't (C) say to (D) his face.It is not (A) because they were afraid of earthquakes, but (B) because there was a trend for living (C) in the suburbs so (D) after Wold War Ⅱ many San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb.As (A) a general observation,many physicians regret having (B) never (C) taken a course (D) in the history of medicine.It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A) which (B) we have little or (C) no direct (D) knowledge.There lived (A) in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B) benefits,no old age pensions (C) not any (D) holidays?shy;.The change which these years have brought about (A) is too (B) remarkable to pass over (C) without being noticed (D) .I have too many (A) things to attend (B) to that a holiday for (C) me now is out of the question (D) .When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A) before starting (B) eating.Sometimes you (C) have to wait until the head (D) of the family begins eating.Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) will be taken (C) into account before starting (D) a new project.Although (A) a majority of the houses in that area is (B) still in need of repair (C) ,there has been much inprovement in their (D) appearance.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____ her standards of order.A．live up toB．keep up toC．face up toD．make up toThe hero in the book was _____ by his enemies and left in a gas filled room,but he managed to escape.A．bound upB．tied upC．locked upD．knocked overHe has _____ a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him.A．got mixed up withB．got involved inC．lined up withD．come up withI can _____ her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away. A．work outB．make outC．see throughD．figure outBecause American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____ interests.A．worthB．worthyC．valuableD．worthwhilePeople today spend a _____ portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. A．considerableB．significantC．substantialD．surplusSince she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____ her husband. A．fromB．onC.ofD.withA benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and _____ funds by selling tickets at a full price.A．furnishB．raiseC．accumulateD．contributeMoney serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____ of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.A．measureB．intermediateC．mediumD．mechanismMany museums now provide educational services and children's departments. _____ the usual displays,they also offer film showings and dance programs.A．As well asB．Rather thanC．With the exception ofD．In addition toIt is true that road travel in the old days was difficult, _____ and uncomfortable,but it was comparatively safe.A．tediousB．irritableC．worryingD．disinterestingBy giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____ a partial cure of his short sightedness.A．affectedB．effectedC．affordedD．renderedChinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position and strive for world peace and friendly _____ among peoples.A．collaborationB．harmonyC．coordinationD.intercourseThe Wall Street multi millionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can _____ their surplus goods.A．dampB．deliverC．dumpD．stampThe young soldier killed 25 enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____ the title of Combat Hero.A．awardedB．rewardedC．conferredD．honouredVietnam military costs _____ economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverly exported its inflation abroad.A．reinforcedB．strengthenedC．acceleratedD．intensifiedNot a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____ to the Unifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war. A．submittedB．suggestedC．advancedD．releasedI had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at once the solution _____ across my mind.A．flushedB．flickeredC．flaredD．flashedFor some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____ only but also on the results of tests.A．complaintsB．reportsC．statementsD．symptomsBefore suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____ by horse and cart.A．conveyedB．surveyedC．forwardedD．deliveredPart II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used.Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fifty fold in the twenty years 50 1976．41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain43．A．is B．of C．at D．very44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedentPart Ⅲ Readling ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States.People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include suchthings as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all.Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics. Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping.A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ .A.it is used at home to do paper workB.it is used by a writer to type a novelC.it becomes the only means to an endD.a writer does not want to use itStaples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ .A.that people are in constant need ofB.that people do not really wantC.that people want but don't needD.that are convenient to purchaseShopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ .A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumerB.that consumers don't care where to buy themC.that consumers spend much time to look forD.that can be found in nearly every shopUnsought goods _____ .A.have to be newB.have to be standardizedC.have to be promotedD.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homesPassage 2The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level.The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone.Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound absorbing material.The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level.Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying.This passage is mainly concerned with _____ .A．the communcation between a speaker and the audienceB．the use of body language in addressing an audienceC．various distractions of a speaker from the speechD．the appropriate use of voice level in public speechThe second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____ . A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happenB．attention to the audience in public speech is most importantC．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communicationD．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speechThe second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____ .A．to speak in an ordinary conversational toneB．to use electronic amplification in a large roomC．to speak in a loud voice as in conversationD．to adapt voice level to the size of the roomAccording to the passage, in the course of speaking, a speaker should _____ .A．use overhead projectors to help himB．pay enough attention to the audience's reactionC．raise voice level to create special effectD．ignore any distraction from the environmentPassage 3Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology,information theory, chemistry, industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.In what way does lens design resemble chess?A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.B.In the designs of the two activities.C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.D.Each has a doer and a competitor.In lens design, _____ .A.it is completely impossible to pre set the best steps along the wayB.it is always very hard to solve any problemsC.one can work out a best solution to problems in each stepD.there are countless steps towards the final goalCompared with a chess player,lens designer _____ .A.can put his design to mass production.B.can draw on various sources in his workC.can reduce the cost of lens productionD.has no one to train him before taking up the workA lens designer in the past _____ .A.did their work betterB.did not use glass for making lensesC.was usually poorD.designed the lens all by himselfPassage 4A question that health conscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides. But currently, there is no federal standard for pesticide free “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The result, says U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”.Currently, 22 states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for third party certification. Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording. In most cases, that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years. Even if your state does not have its own program, you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace. If you want to know exactly what that means, ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic” produce was grown.Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress. The U．S. Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program. The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients. But in the meantime, if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticide free,you have two options. You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own.The passage implies that _____ ．A．there is really no organically grown produce yetB．some foods are falsely labeledC．some states are slow in making laws concernedD．each state should stop certifying certain foodsIf certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that _____ ．A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is naturalB．it is certified in the state in which it is grownC．it is certified by the U．S． Department of AgricultureD．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of timeThe author advises consumers to _____ .A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown”B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicalsC．buy foods from a seller they often deal withD．make sure the foods are pesticide free before buying themLegislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____ ．A．is being debated in the CongressB．has come into effectC．is in the charge of the U．S. Department of AgricultureD．is delayed due to disagreement in CongressPassage 5Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son. At times, he was affectionate, played with the child, and told him interesting and imaginative stories. At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and would beat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed. The boy had numerous fantasies, including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father. As Angyal put it, the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel, alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant. The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father, whose behaviour made him both God and devil．But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts. He began to behave compulsively, such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion. Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps. He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up, freeing him from his immobility. Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say: “No, you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions, unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life.Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____ ．A．his wish to kill his fatherB．his eagerness to be lovedC．resulting from lack of loveD．his confused feeling towards his fatherThe expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to _____ ．A．was described as being pleasantB．was mistaken as being pleasantC．appeared pleasantD．turned out to be pleasantThe story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____ .A．he wished to solve his problemB．he wanted to get his father killedC．he wished that his father could help himD．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazyWhat the grandfather said _____ .A．made it clear that the father was very selfishB．proved that the father had a distorted characterC．confirmed the boy in his beliefD．made the boy even more confusedPart IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep, architect of the 4600year old Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape, size and soil.Firstly, shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71) Spreading its huge weight over a wide area, and with a centre of gravity far from any edges, a pyramid cannot topple over. Other shapes can also do the trick. As the 1800year old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity.Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are, economically they are not.(72) They are massively over engineered: six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semi detached houses. In medieval times, the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed, but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today.Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73) Around 2500 B.C,the sand foundations of the half finished pyramid at Meidum gave way, and 250000 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides.(74) Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa, still toppling at a millimetrea year, despite having 800 tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base.Earthquakes are the real giant-killers. Ironically, the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes, as they lack any "give".Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations, which are used in some buildings in California, do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far.(75) Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes, and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement.Part V Writing (15 points)Directions:A.Title: Travel in HolidaysB.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 wordsC.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II.Outline:1．很多学生利用假期旅游2．旅游之前应做的准备工作3．旅游时除观光外应该注意的事项考研英语模拟试题[31]答案分析Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(C) motion,“动议”，后接同位语从句，其谓语动词应用原形表示虚拟。