【讲练测】2016年高考英语一轮复习 情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(含解析)新人教版必修4

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2016年高考英语模拟试题及答案(情态动词与虚拟语气)

2016年高考英语模拟试题及答案(情态动词与虚拟语气)

高考/模拟试题2016年高考英语模拟试题及答案(情态动词与虚拟语气)1.I________to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available. (2013·安徽,28) A.went B.had gone C.would go D.would have gone 答案 D 解析2.It ________be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.(2013·安徽,34) A.may B.couldn’t C.should D.needn’t 答案 B解析 3.I should not have laughed if I________you were serious.(2013·江苏,30) A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought 答案 C 解析考查虚拟语气。

句意为:如果我当时想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了。

由句意知,此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句结构为had done。

4.—Why are your eyes so red?You________have slept well last night. —Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.(2013·四川,5) A.can’t B.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’t 答案 A 解析 5.My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change thisweekend.(2013·陕西,12) A.should B.mightC.couldD.would 答案 A 解析句意为:母亲提议这个周末出去吃饭换换口味。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题(附答案)

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题(附答案)

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高考英语一轮复习(课标版)教师用书:专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气 PDF版含答案

高考英语一轮复习(课标版)教师用书:专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气 PDF版含答案

ought to can could may might
should

有可能吗? 语气比 can 弱 /

比 may 弱) 或许,也许,也未 可知,也说不定 微弱的可能
find the money.( 现在的能力) 度假㊂
I������m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can
question.( 将来的能力)
If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone 如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题㊂
(2) 当说话者表达毫无怀疑的结论时, 需用 must 和 have
度不如 must 强, 但比 may,might 和 could 强, should / ought to He must / has to be the wanted man: he������s exactly like the He ought to / should be here on time he started early
doing all they ㊀ A㊀ . A.can A.can������t
①The police still haven������t found the lost child, but they������re B.may C.must D.should
one in this picture. 他一定是受通缉的那个男子:他和照片上的 enough. 他应该按时到这里 can������t) 他出发得够早的㊂

高三英语一轮复习专题情态动词与虚拟语气共32页文档

高三英语一轮复习专题情态动词与虚拟语气共32页文档

高三英语一轮复习专题情态动词与虚拟语 气

46、寓形宇内复几时,曷不委心任去 留。

47、采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。

48、啸傲东轩下,聊复得此生。

49、勤学如春起之苗,不见其增,日 有所长 。

50、环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结 ,箪瓢 屡空, 晏如也 。
46、我们若已接受最坏的,就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会,使我们认各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功,谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特

高考英语练习 情态动词和虚拟语气(讲解部分)

高考英语练习 情态动词和虚拟语气(讲解部分)
不会失败。
与将来事 实相反
①过去式 ②should+动词原形 ③were to+动词原形
would/should/could/ might+动词原形
If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他明天不 来,我们就推迟这个会议。
周末给她打电话。
may,might 表示推测,用于肯定句,意为 “可能”,may not意为“可能不”, 如表 达“不可能”则用can't
This coat may be Peter's.这件大衣可能是彼得的。 This coat may not be Peter's.这件大衣可能不是彼得的。
may表示祝愿
表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表 Accidents can happen in this weather. 这种天气可
示推测时比can可能性小,可用于肯定句、否定 能会发生事故。(理论上的可能性)
句和疑问句
It could be weeks before we get a reply. 我们可能
2.用于“(should+)动词原形”结构的虚拟语气 (1)用于宾语从句中 以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原 形”。
6.will,would
用法
例句
用于各种人称,表示主语的意愿和意志
He will/would take you home.他愿意送你回家。
与第二人称的一般疑问句连用,表示请求、建议 Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去 吗?

第九节情态动词和虚拟语气讲义-高三英语一轮复习

第九节情态动词和虚拟语气讲义-高三英语一轮复习

第九节情态动词和虚拟语气〔真题演练〕1. (经典高考)I can’t find my purse. I could (leave)it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.2. (经典高考)Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.3. (经典高考)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we(have) a good time together.4. (经典高考)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.〔必备知识〕考点一情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示“能力”,意为“能,会”Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,can easily reach the books on the top shelf. Samuel是我们班最高的男孩,他能轻易地拿到书架顶层的书。

表示推测,意为“可能”,往往用于否定句或疑问句中。

can比could语气强That can’t be Mary—she is in London now.那不可能是玛丽——她现在在伦敦。

表示客观可能性,意为“有时候会”,多用于肯定句Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but sometimes they can lead to problems.信用卡给我们提供了许多方便,但有时候会带来一些问题。

表示礼貌地请求,意为“能,可以”。

在疑问句中could可代替can, 语气更委婉Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life?你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗?固定句式:can’t...too/enough“无论多么……也不过分”“越……越好”I can’t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我非常感谢你在我们不在家时对我儿子的帮助。

情态动词和虚拟语气+讲义 高三英语一轮复习

情态动词和虚拟语气+讲义 高三英语一轮复习

英语语法-情态动词和虚拟语气[高考考查分析]全国卷的语法填空近几年没有考查情态动词的题目,这应该与题型特点有关,并不能说明可以忽视情态动词的学习。

有些自主命题省份的试卷的单项填空题涉及对此项考点的考查。

[调取储备知识]1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法can/could (1)表示能力,意为“能、会”。

can可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句。

could主要用于过去时。

(2)表示客观的可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句。

当表示一时的可能或理论上的可能时,可用于肯定句。

如:The temperature can fall to-200℃,that is 200℃ below freezing.(3)表示允许、许可。

在口语中can可以代替may表示许可,而may比较正式。

如:Can(May)I do it?(4)表示请求。

could可以代替can,表示语气更委婉,答语中用can。

如:—Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes,of course/you can(may)/help yourself.(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信。

主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句。

如:How can you be so careless?may/might (1)表允许或请求,might比may语气更委婉。

如:—May I watch TV after supper?—Yes,you may.(Yes,please/certainly)/No,you mustn't(may not/had better not).(2)表推测,意为“可能”,may用于肯定句和否定句中,might比may语气更加不肯定。

(3)表祝愿,用于祈使句中。

如:May you succeed!must (1)表主观需要,意为“必须”。

否定形式must not(mustn't)表示“不允许”“不准”“禁止”等。

在回答带有must的问句时,不用mustn't而用needn't或don't have to。

高中情态动词和虚拟语气讲解与练习附答案

高中情态动词和虚拟语气讲解与练习附答案

高中情态动词和虚拟语气讲解与练习附答案高中英语情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词: 记住下面三个方面的用法,可以快速地掌握情态动词。

在遇到情态动词的题的时候,一定要先判断出题目考察的是下面 3 个的哪个方面。

1. 常规(所有), 2. 判断/推测(5 个+1 个), 3. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词(5个) 1. 常规:所有的情态动词都有常规的形式,大多12个。

Can: 表示“能力”,表示“请求或允许”。

Could : 用法同上,语气较can 轻。

Must : “必须/一定,应当” ; “偏要” 。

May : 可能/ 可以,表示“征求对方意见或允许”,或“祝愿”Might : 用法同上,语气较may轻。

Should : 表示“应该,惊讶,委婉/客气”。

Ought to: 用法同上,语气较should 重。

Will : “愿,要,会” 表示“意愿,征求意见或提出请求,或执意/决心。

Would : 用法同上,语气较will 轻。

Shall : 征求对方意见;警告/承诺(用于法律或规定中);应该/必须(语气比should 重)need/dare: 两个“半”情态动词,在肯定句中只能用need/dare + to do在否定/ 疑问句中可用need/dare + to do 或need/dare + do 2. 推测/ 判断: 在高中英语中能用作推测或判断的情态动词大多是can > could (语气由重到轻,用于否定货疑问句中)must > may > might (语气由重到轻,用于肯定句中)should 可用于各种(肯定,否定,疑问)句式中,只能用should + do 的形式对“现在”的事的判断的用法:can/could must/may/might + do/be+doing的事的判断的用法:can/could must/may/might + have done 对“过去”当然其他的情态动词在特殊的情况下也可以用于推测/ 判断,但不常用所以不必记忆。

高考英语(人教版)一轮复习习题:情态动词与虚拟语气含答案.doc

高考英语(人教版)一轮复习习题:情态动词与虚拟语气含答案.doc

课时作业48情态动词与虚拟语气一、从下面方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空。

l・If you want to book tickets for the 2016 Olympic Games, just call 00952012. It ______ be simpler*答案couldn*t2.According to the school rules, no student _______ go out of the school after 23: 00 sharp. 答案shall3.—I'm leaving now>—It's so late. Better stay with me. Call a taxi if you _______ •答案must4・She was worried that we ______ get hurt.答案might5・一I am really sorry to say that I _____ have shouted at you the other day.—Forget it I was a bit out of control myself too. 答案shouldn't6・一A medical team was sent to Japan by air five hours ago.—So they _______ have arrived by now. The flight usually takes four hours or so.答案must7<You _______ buy much wine— nly three people will come>答案needn*t8・The driver tried everything he could think of,but the car just ____ move.答案wouldn*t9Jt is important to know about the cultural differences that _______ cause problems.答案maylO.Don't play with the dog. Jack,for it ______ be dangerous at times*答案can二、根据所提供的情景,用适当的情态动词完成句子。

高考英语一轮复习——虚拟语气讲解及练习(附答案)

高考英语一轮复习——虚拟语气讲解及练习(附答案)

高考英语虚拟语气讲解及练习英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。

条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。

非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。

如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。

如:If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。

如:If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.country.注意事项:1.倒装句。

如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。

2.错综条件句。

若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.3.If there weren't/had not been +…=without…4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)1. wish+that sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式)sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。

高考英语一轮复习专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课时规范训练(含解析)

高考英语一轮复习专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课时规范训练(含解析)

第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.But the firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they had walked (walk) onto the mud,they would have sunk,too.2.-Cathy burst into tears at the news that she was turned down by the pany,but I meant no harm.-I would rather you hadn't told (not tell) her about it.3.If I were (be) at home in Cambodia,I would have to go outdoors.4.I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had (have) time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.5.According to the local law,no one shall enter the building site without permission. 6.Jane could have e (e) to the party,but she could not find the exact time. 7.He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters should be so unreasonable.8.It's time that we did/should do (do) something quickly.9.If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform badly,they may be motivated (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy.10.,I needed to get a week's food for my family.I parked my car,looked down at my list,and hoped I could pay for it all.Ⅱ.单句改错1.This is the second time that I had visited the university.had→have 2.I just found that I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.just前加have 3.We would rather our daughter stay at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.stay→stayed 4.Have he taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.Have改为Had 5.It could have rained last night,for the road is quite wet.could→mustⅢ.语法填空A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 1. (active) when they were young.Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before,2. same study shows.An expert says,“Parents today want their kids to spend more time 3. things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped 4. (do) the thing that can bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that pared with the kids 5. didn't do household chores,young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely 6. (succeed).They had better family relationships,did better in school,performed better at work and were more independent.Personal happiness 7. (say) to e from strong relationships.It begins by learning to be kind and 8. (help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they 9. (deal) with their homework,you'd better not let them off the hook.If you do,your child may think grades are more important than caring about others.“What may seem like small 10. (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time,”says an expert.1.解析:考查词性转换。

讲练测高考英语一轮复习 情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(含解

讲练测高考英语一轮复习 情态动词与虚拟语气(1)(含解

情态动词与虚拟语气(1)情态动词基本用法:(1)can和could①can的用法:a.表示体力和脑力方面的能力。

b.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。

c.表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。

d.表示允许,意思与may接近。

e.表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

f. can的特殊句型:cannot…too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不过分”。

“越……越好”。

cannot but+ do sth. 表示“不得不,只好”。

②could的用法:a.表示能力,指的是过去时间。

b.表示允许,指的是过去时间。

c.表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。

d.委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。

主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。

③can与could的区别:can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。

couldn’t 的可能性比can’t小。

④can与be able to的区别:a.现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。

b.完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has, had)been able to。

c.将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。

d.过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。

(2)may 和might①may的用法:a.表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。

b.表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。

注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。

②might的用法:a.表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。

b.表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。

高考英语一轮复习 第讲 情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲练习_01

高考英语一轮复习 第讲 情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲练习_01

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校第23讲情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲(下)开篇语虚拟语气第三层次:省略If的条件句 (Without/But for)1) Without water, we would die.—If we had no water, we would die.2) Without your help, I would have failed in the exam yesterday.—If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed in the exam yesterday.第四层次:混合虚拟:1) If I had studied hard before, I would get the good marks now.2)If I had drunk enough water just now, I would not be thirsty now.第五层次:半“虚”半不“虚”:前“虚”后不“虚”。

题一:1. I would have attended the party yesterday, but I ____ ill.A. had fallenB. fellC. would fallD. have fallen 2. I would lose weight, but I ____ a lot now.A. eatB. ateC. had eatenD. would have eaten前不“虚”后“虚”3. I fell ill, or/otherwise I ____ the party yesterday.A. would attendB. would have attendedC. had attendedD. attended4 .I eat a lot, or/otherwise I ____ weight now.A. would have lostB. would loseC. will loseD. lose遵循向过去倒推一个时态原则的虚拟语气:wish引导的虚拟语气:对现在的虚拟wish + (that) + S+ were/did对过去的虚拟wish + (that) + S+ had done/could have done对将来的虚拟wish + (that) + S+ would doas if/as though引导的虚拟语气:as if/as though + S + were/did(对现在的虚拟)had done(对过去的虚拟)would do(对将来的虚拟)题二:The pencil is in the water as if it ____ broken.A. wereB. wasC. had beenD. would doIf only 所引导的虚拟语气:If only + S + were/did!had done!would do!If only I were a child now!/If I hadn’t done that silly thing! order, demand, advise, suggest, insist, command, require, request等引导的虚拟语气:order + (that) + S + (should) do/be done题三:1. I ordered that every student __ school uniforms.A. wearB. wearsC. woreD. must wear2. I demanded that the patient ____to hospital in no time.A. sendB. sentC. must be sentD. be sent其中suggest和insist两个词有着特殊性。

2016届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲系列对点训练:讲座五 情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt 情态动词和虚拟语气

2016届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲系列对点训练:讲座五 情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt 情态动词和虚拟语气

讲座五情态动词和虚拟语气一、用适当的情态动词或括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.(2014·北京卷)________ I have a word with you?It won't take long.2.(2014·陕西卷)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who ________ have taken it?3.(2014·湖南卷)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?4.(2014·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________take me to Disneyland at weekends.5.(2014·全国大纲卷)Although you________find bargains in London,it's not generally a cheap place to shop.6.(2014·重庆卷)I've ordered some pizza,so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.7.(2014·北京卷)We ________(be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.8.(2015·杭州高考科目教学质检)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise________(spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.9.(2015·河南洛阳统考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he________(remain) silent.10.(2015·福州质量检测)—What if you________(forget) to send an essay with your application?—I would have been rejected.11.(2015·陕西质量检测一)We are close friends.We________(face)the problem together,but why didn't you let me know?12.(2015·河北唐山统考)It was suggested that an armed guard________(stand) in readiness,protecting the president.13.(2015·北京东城统一检测)—Do you like the school?—Yeah.I only wish the classes________(be)a little smaller.14.(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I________(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”15.(2015·安徽安庆二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,probably he________(be) valued as a minor poet now.16.(2015·陕西咸阳高三模拟)—Where is Mr.Jack?—He________(go)—his mobile phone is still on the desk.17.(2015·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It is important to know about the cultural differences that________(cause)problems.18.(2015·山西部分重点高中高三联考测试)The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures________(take)by the government.19.(2015·辽宁五校协作体一联)No person________(carry)a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college entrance examination.20.(2015·长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Just as Jane is doing her homework,________(bother)her with playing the piano now?21.(2015·咸阳高考模拟)—I'd like to play computer games tonight,Mum.—I would rather________(not).After all,the National College Entrance Examination is drawing near.22.(2015·湖南十二校二次联考)If you dare to break the rules of the game,you________(punish).答案:1.Can解析:句意:我能和你说会话吗?不会占用你很长时间。

高考英语一轮复习 第讲 情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲练习

高考英语一轮复习 第讲 情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲练习

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校第22讲情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲(上)开篇语开心自测开心自测讲解题一:Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying题二:I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come题三:We _____ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put题四:—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.—I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended 主要考点梳理情态动词情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生;2)情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式;3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s;4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。

比较can 和be able tocan和could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。

高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题06 情态动词与虚拟语气(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语

高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题06 情态动词与虚拟语气(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语

专题06情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词概念:情态动词具有词汇意义,但意义不够完整,不能单独做谓语。

情态动词表示说话人的语气和态度。

一、情态动词概览had better/would(一)can, could(二)may, might(三)must, have to(四)shall(五)should, ought to(六)will, would(七)need, dare(八) had better, would rather〔九〕情态动词+have done1.对过去发生的事情或状态进展推测昨晚一定下雨了,因为路很泥泞。

The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相,但我不是很确定。

I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午没在会议室看见她,她不可能在会议上讲话。

2.表示“与过去事实相反〞You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。

I needn't have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天气这么好,我本没必要带雨伞的。

You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。

You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助,虽然你当时很忙。

单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018·高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.3.(2015·四川高考改编)You ________ be careful with the camera.It costs!4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.________________5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking atrip.________________6.(2018·某某高考改编)I can't find my purse. I could ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.7.(2013·全国卷Ⅱ改编)Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.8.(2013·浙江高考改编)I ________ (enjoy) myself more — it was a perfect day.9.(2015·某某高考改编)I needn't worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.________________1. 解析:can 句意:在如今的信息化时代,丢失数据可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。

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情态动词与虚拟语气(1)情态动词基本用法:(1)can和could①can的用法:a.表示体力和脑力方面的能力。

b.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。

c.表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。

d.表示允许,意思与may接近。

e.表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

f. can的特殊句型:cannot…too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不过分”。

“越……越好”。

cannot but+ do sth. 表示“不得不,只好”。

②could的用法:a.表示能力,指的是过去时间。

b.表示允许,指的是过去时间。

c.表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。

d.委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。

主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。

③can与could的区别:can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。

couldn’t 的可能性比can’t小。

④can与be able to的区别:a.现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。

b.完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has, had)been able to。

c.将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。

d.过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。

(2)may 和might①may的用法:a.表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。

b.表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。

注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。

②might的用法:a.表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。

b.表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。

③may与might的特殊用法:a. “may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。

b. “may/ might well+动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。

c. “may/ might as well+动词原形”表示最好,满可以,倒不如。

d. may be 是“情态动词+系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。

maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。

(3)must的用法①表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。

②must和have to 的区别:a. must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。

即must侧重说明主观看法,have to强调客观需要。

b. must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但have to有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。

c.在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。

③must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示绝对禁止。

若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t have to。

注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。

must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。

(4)need的用法①need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。

②回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。

③need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。

④need to do和need doing:need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing 是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。

注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。

⑤needn’t have done与didn’t need to do:needn’t have done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事;didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事(5)dare的用法①dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。

②dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。

注意:a. I dare say 意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。

b. dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。

c. dare可用于激将或挑战。

(6)will和would①will的用法:a.可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。

b.可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。

c. 表示命令(说话这确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。

d. will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。

e. 用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。

②would的用法:a. 作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。

b. 用与第二人称,表示谦恭的请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。

c. 表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。

d. would表意愿用于词组中。

Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love);Would rather “宁愿”。

(7)shall和should①shall的用法:a. shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

b. shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

c. 用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。

②should的用法:a. 表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。

b. 表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。

c. 多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。

(8)情态动词后的某些动词形式①情态动词+have donea. “must +have +done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。

b. “can't +have +done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。

c. “can +have +done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”d. “could +have +done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

e. “may +have +done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。

f. “might +have +done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。

g. “would +have +done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

h. “should +have +done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。

” “shouldn't + have +don e”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。

含有指责对方或自责的含意。

i. “ought to +have +done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。

与“should +have +done”用法基本一样。

j. “need +have+ done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。

“needn't +have +done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

②情态动词+be doing:表示对现在正在做的事情的推测。

虚拟语气基本考点:(1)虚拟语气的基本用法(2)含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句,而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句,主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。

(3)虚拟语气的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could 等词移至句首。

(4)错综虚拟语气主从句指的是不同的时间,根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。

(5)主语从句中的虚拟语气:It is +形容词/动词的过去分词/名词+主语从句的结构中,从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或 should +do的形式常用的这类词有:形容词:advisable、natural、anxious、necessary、better、regretful、desirable、strange、surprising、important过去分词:decided、recommended、demanded、requested、desired、required、ordered、suggested名词:duty、pity、no surprise、regret、no wonder、shame(6)宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish后的宾语从句wish(that)+ did/were(would/should do) 表示与现在或将来相反;had done(would/should have done) 表示与过去相反。

②某些动词表示愿望、要求、建议和命令等。

从句形式为:(should)+动词原形常用的动词有:advise、order、command、decide、propose、demand、recommend、request、require、insist、suggest、urge注意:insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,从句中不用虚拟语气;表示“坚持要求”时,从句用虚拟语气。

suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,从句不用虚拟语气;表示“建议”时,从句用虚拟语气。

(7)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。

其形式为:(should)+动词原形。

常用的名词有:advice、preference、demand、proposal、desire、request、requirement、necessity、order、suggestion(8)虚拟语气的特殊句型①would rather后句子用虚拟语气:would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:a.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望b. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望②It’s(about/high)time后后的从句用虚拟语气:从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”,暗含“现在做这件事稍微有点迟。

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