大学核心商务英语读写教程4unit 10 NEW VIEW ON TODAY’S BUSINESS_68
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Vocabulary(1-7单元)
Unit 11.I’m just coming around to have a friendly chat with you. How are you doing?2.When you’re writing a paper, you must acknowledge the sources of the statements you havequoted to support your argument.3.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People who want to make thingsbetter can do so if only they are strongly motivated.4.The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound way is recognized as acharacteristic of Emily Dickinson’s poetry.5.Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of The Declaration ofIndependence despite his personal sorrow and trouble.6.As the most influential US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a legacy which still deeplyaffects the country today.7.Madame Curie is often cited as an example of a great scientist who would never yielded tohardships in her quest for knowledge.8.As I see it, laziness is the biggest obstacle to person’s success.9.Curiosity is the best teacher. If information of no intrinsic interest is crammed into students’heads, no effective learning can be achieved.10.What are your criteria for selecting the greatest literary works of the 20th century?11.It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any int erest turns into anobsession it can be worrisome to parents.12.Before they go to school, children manage to progress from newborns with onlyinnate abilities to children with an enormous amount of knowledge about the world they live in.13.Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique contribution(s)to the cause ofcaring for the sick and dying.14.Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s contemporary, got involved in politics by suggesting thegovernment develop its own nuclear weapons program.15.For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Records, an application mustbe submitted to the publication headquarters in London.16.History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic (有魅力的) person mustbe called to leadership so as to raise the nation’s moral.1.With today’s world making fantastic progress in science and technology, any nation contentto rely on past successes will soon be left behind.2.Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college her ability allowed her to riseabove the others and become a star.3.After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon made history at the young age of 24by seizing rebellious Toulon (土伦).4.I wish I were endowed with both intelligence and good looks, but overall I think it’s mo reimportant to be smart than pretty.5.I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not sure how much longer I’ll beable to put up with him.6.This approach is going nowhere. We had better come up with a new way of dealing with thisproblem.7.As the name suggests, the book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why focuses on whatenables some people to go down in history.8.This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reportedly to be built on over ten yearsof research.9.I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You really need to put in moretime studying if you expect to do well.10.Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to come up with new ideas to sellthe same old products.11.I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to take charge of the class, not to always ask thestudents what they want to do.12.The qualities that truly set Winston Churchill apart were his determination and his ability toinspire others.Unit 21.The author’s son wa s studying medicine at McGill University with the intention of becominga surgeon.2.I took her criticism as a sincere desire to see improvement in my work.3.They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring at one another.4.Don’t get sore at me because you got low marks in your exams.5.Though the poem is well-known, no one has yet been able to trace its author.6.The new club strives to educate its members to render service to the community.7.Mary likes to go dancing on weekends because she does not believe that the denial ofpleasure is a virtue.8.People place stamps on letters or packages as proof that they have paid for mailing theseitems.9.The mayor praised the Lei Feng Spirit that could be found everywhere in the city and paidparticular t ribute to youngsters who helped the elderly.10.These disks hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional floppy disk (软磁盘).11.Though he didn’t have much to give, he was generous with his money.12.Father’s Day is a day on which the people of many countries express their gratitude andappreciation for their fathers by giving them gifts or greeting cards.13.She slammed on the brakes and the car came to a sudden stop.14.You might be more successful in your job if you would take the trouble to make yourselfmore agreeable to your colleagues (同事) as well as your employer.1.The only thing on sale that attracted me was a little French clock. caught/took my fancy2.It was John’s mistake to sign the agreement without reading it carefully.a mistake on John’s part3.We fail to appreciate sufficiently all sorts of things that are supplied to us easily by nature.take for granted 4.If a criminal fears that he’s going to get caught, he will hesitatebefore he robs or steals.think twice 5.She had put aside money for a long time for this holiday and she meant to enjoy everyminute of it. saved up6.We have to take into account the data mentioned in the annual report.referred to7.It is unpleasant to hear Tom talk too proudly of his abilities and achievements. boast about8.After her husband died at the age of 35, Mary made great efforts to ensure her five children’seducation. took pains with9.For better health you must avoid eating too much. refrain from10.Mr. Eden is one of the most prominent scientists in the country and to a certain extent amedia star. something of11.If you help a neglected child, he may not actually show you gratitude, but chances are thatyou will get thanks by some means or other. in one way or another12.She got a little bored with his habit of never allowing her to finish a sentence. fed upUnit 31.Generally speaking, tactics covers what you need to do at the moment while strategyprovides the broad guidelines that determine the overall direction.2.My family’s health and security are of the utmost importance to me.3.If one of those stays（支柱）gives way, the entire structure may collapse.4.Unlike a tightrope, a slack will sway up and down or from side to side.5.The president wanted to see him on a matter of great significance.6.Two foreign tourists died ad two soldiers were badly hurt yesterday when a coach and anArmy truck collided almost head-on along a straight stretch of road.7.We tried all sorts of solutions to that problem, and they all came to a dead end.8.The blow on his head erased the details of the accident from his memory.9.We usually judge others within the framework of our own experience.10.By the time the lifeboat arrived, the ship was almost vertical in the water. The woundedsoldier is sitting in the vertical position, upright in bed.11.The music ceased suddenly when she turned off the radio.12.By pointing out just one flaw, she destroyed his entire argument.13.The music implies suddenly when she turned off the radio.14.He affirmed his plan to make payments on time.1. We got lost and finally were two hours late. wound up being2.The schoolboy tried to drive the cow into the stable by tugging (拉) its tail, but failed.pulling on3.The roots of plants absorb water and make their food out of it. take in4.By constantly looking up at the clock he is really saying that he wants us to leave. in effect5. Although the glow of the sunset was the most intense colure in the scene, the darkeningblue of the rest of the sky began increasingly prevail.take over6. After graduation, John changed his job frequently but he eventually taught English in a localmiddle school. ended up teachingUnit 41.Even though animals within a breed may look similar to us humans, they probably lookunique to each other.2.Students have different individual abilities and potentials, and therefore should be taughtaccordingly.3.Many Americans would deny the existence of a single American culture partly because thereis such racial diversity in the county.4.Preadolescent (青春前期的) groups are homogeneous; that is, members are usually of thesame sex and come from the same neighborhood.5.The travel agency will make every arrangement for your trip and the expenses, all inclusiveare estimated at $300.6.All developed nations maintain a variety of social welfare programs to help unemployed orunderemployed people to function more fully in society.7.Lying is defined as deceiving someone about certain matters or facts.8.The irritation my boss showed was simply due to my failure to make a favorable comment onhis management.9.The variables that educational psychologists have found to be important in classroomteaching include the time teachers allocate to instruction, the amount of content they cover, the percent of time that students are engaged in learning, and so on.10.The Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, used hispsychotherapy to uncover painful and forgotten memories in his patients.11.An instance of irony is the suggestion, put forward with apparent seriousness by the Englishsatirist Jonathan Swift in his A Modest Proposal (《一个温和的建议》), that the poor people of Ireland should rid themselves of poverty by selling their children to the rich to eat.12.Human learning and memory have been studied mostly with verbal materials (such as wordlists and stories) or with tasks requiring motor skills (such as learning to type or to play an instrument).13.Babies will readily learn to walk on their own when they are offered a reward.14.When depressed, these patients experience painful sadness, negative thinking, andindifference to things that used to bring them happiness.15.The probability of an outcome is represented by a number between 0 and 1, with probability0 indicating certainty that an event will not occur and probability 1 indicating certainty thatit will occur.16.IQ scores may vary according to testing conditions, and thus it is advisable to understandresults of the tests as falling within a certain range, such as average or superior.1.The major method of instruction for schools of the United States and many other countriesstresses the educational development of the child in terms of individual needs and interests.2.The explosion in use and popularity of the Internet in the 1990s is most likely due to theWorld Wide Web.3. A quality control inspector is responsible for making sure that every product measures/livesup to the specified standard before it goes into circulation.4.If you do what you are really interested in and try hard, you'll find, as often as not that youare living with contentment.5.The Greek philosopher Socrates was also a great teacher, whose method consisted of askingquestions that forced his students to think deeply about the meaning of life, truth, and justice.6.His plan is an ambitious one, and I doubt whether he will really go through with it.7.The secretary general, like the rest of the UN staff, is supposed to be independent, but inreality, he must rely on member countries, especially the five permanent Security Council members, to get anything done.8.It’s been argued that the problems with teaching have been brought about in part byinadequate facilities.Unit 51.The first artificial intelligence (人工智能) conference in 1956 inspired researchers toundertake projects that emulated human behavior in areas of reasoning, language comprehension, and communications.2.In 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may require the consent（同意，许可）ofone parent of a minor (未成年者) requesting an abortion.3.By 1951 industrial production had exceeded prewar peaks; it continued to rise in thesucceeding years.4.That park contains miniature reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Walland the Summer Palace.5.According to our professor, unemployment is an inevitable consequence of free marketeconomics.6.There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC, as well as a sizable publishinggroup.7.Don’t worry. The danger from these snakes is practically nothing.8. A crowd of people gathered, outraged by the way the police officers were hitting the twomen.9.Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a craving for the drug and belief that onecannot function without taking it.10.The bomb was designed to cause the maximum amount of harm to the maximum number ofpeople.11.Although breast cancer primarily afflicts females, about 1,400 male breast cancers were alsoreported in the United States in 1997.12.Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ignorance and prejudice.13.When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an intense pain in the lower part of hisback.14.We see each other at regular intervals — usually once a week.15.I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last week, which is based on his correspondencewith Engels over 40 years.1.Tom’s boss asked him to take control of the office for a couple of weeks while she was away.take charge of 2.As he fell down from the cliff (悬崖) the mountaineer was lucky enough to grab a branchwith his left hand.get hold of3.Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-scale farming can cause greathardships to people whose lives depend on the land. who live off on4.The government began to support small businesses when it realized that they were the keyto economic growth. smile (up)on5.Adrenaline(肾上腺素) helps the body to get used to sudden stress by increasing heart rateand raising blood pressure.adjust to6. A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a means for a society to thinkcarefully about itself and its beliefs. reflect upon7.I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her personally.in person8.Chicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed as a result of the snowstorm. due to9.Cindy, Linda, and Niaomi went to the benefit fashion show, as did Claudia and Christy, allknown as the “supermodels” of the 1990’s. along with10.The rocket roared into space, increasing its speed to 38,000 mph shortly after. picking up11.I’m sorry, but someone else has borrowed the book you want. checked out12.On seeing General Powell, the soldier threw out his chest and saluted. stuck outUnit 61.Official U.S. statistics on employment and unemployment are derived from a monthly samplesurvey of households.2.For a solid or liquid fuel to ignite, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature atwhich it turns to gas.3.He keeps his savings under his pillow because he distrusts banks.4.The writer’s thesis is that all human problems can be solved by logic.5.Since the early 1900’s, pronunciation in the United States has becomes more standardizedbecause people throughout the country have become more and more exposed to each other’s speech patterns.6.I am not jealous of her good fortune, but I do feel she should share it with others.7.Zoologists observe the ways animals interact with one another and their environment.8.People spend a lot of their Hard-earned money on holidays and of course they want to getgood professional service.9.She felt frustrated when she didn’t get a promotion after all these years of hard wo rk.10.She grabbed for her gun when she heard the shots down the street.11.I suggest that you keep the flashlight handy in case the fuse (保险丝) blows again.12.The secretaries’ report provided the leaders with the necessary numerical information.13.Mary and her brothers were all very happy because their father approved their plans for thesummer.14.The issue of the death penalty is highly controversial in some western countries.15.He has abstract ideas about what to do, but no specific plans or proposals.1.There are many heroines who make headlines for showing courage when confronted withsome public emergency. in the face of2.For those who are disabled when they are born or during childhood, special education isnecessary.from birth3.Their request for better working conditions was equal to a criticism of the management.amounted to 4.There are still difficulties before us, but we will overcome them individually in order.one by one5.He didn’t sell hi s house right away; he waited to get the best offer. held out for6.In the face of enemy attacks, the president said that his countrymen would never yield tothreats. give in to7. A good visual artist (视觉艺术家) has to be a drawer first. Ramsay learnt at an early time thecrucial importance of drawing as the basis for his art.early on8.How can you ever achieve any success if you are afraid of everything that is unpleasant ordifficult.shy away from9.Tom took the place of George just after half-time when it appeared that the injury toGeorge’s knee was affecting his performance. substituted for10.He’s disorganized, he’s inefficient, he’s never there when you want him –in a word, theman’s hopeless. in short11.The detective put a chemical on the paper, and the fingerprints appeared. showed up12.Emily’s life resulted in tragedy after her husband was captured during the Civil War. ended in Unit 71.Johnny is only 15 but actually he has outgrown his mother by five inches.2.Cockroaches (蟑螂) have earned a bad reputation because they feed on garbage.3.Arab Americans have tended to identify more strongly with their Muslim heritage.4.I have moments of despair, but fundamentally I am an optimist.5.She hesitated for a fraction of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.6.Thanks to the Internet, data can now be transferred easily from one computer to another.7.Drums can be used to convey messages over distances beyond the human voice’s reach.8.Technological advances are the chief agents of change.9.In 1894 bottling machines were installed in a Mississippi factory and the first bottled Cokewas produced.10.There are laws to specify (指定) the person(s) who will obtain a dead person’s estate if nowill exists.ura filed a lawsuit against her company for ignoring her for promotion because she waspregnant. passing (her) over2.The President ought to seize the opportunity to stop quarrelling with the political parties andnegotiate a speedy return to democracy. make his peace with3.The Clayton Antitrust Act (克莱顿反托拉斯法) declared illegal such practices as price-cuttingto drive competitors out of business.freeze competitors out of business4.He was very intelligent, but he failed to meet the requirements for a manager.fell short of5.The earliest European description of the American continent appeared in published form in1505.in print6.Children from age 6 to age 14 in Germany attend full-time school without payment.for free7.Workers are tearing open roads to lay new cables. put in8.The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to let reporters know the latestdevelopments in diplomacy. fill reporters in on9.First offenders of traffic regulations are sometimes let go without any punishment.let off10.Mother was startled at the news and broke several plates. taken aback by11.Having broken with his girlfriend and standing alone in the street with his suitcase, Georgedid not know where to go or what to do. was at a loss12.It rook me nearly a month to get free of my cough. get rid of。
新核心大学英语读写教程基础级Unit 4仅课后答案
Unit 4 》Part IV 》Task 1
4) The senior students ____________ are involved in writing their graduation theses. 5) The survey reveals ______ that 50% of the old couples live separate from their children. 6) J. K. Rowling is rated as one of the most popular ______ novelists. 7) The police made an investigation into the company ___________ the drug. which manufactured ____ early because of poor health. 8) He was forced to retire 9) The lawyer takes a part-time job as the company’s consultant on legal issues. _________
综合商务英语教程四册10章Free Trade Zone and Free Trade Area
Definition
• A free-trade area is a trade bloc whose
member countries have signed a freetrade agreement (FTA), which eliminates tariffs, import quotas, and preferences on most (if not all) goods and services traded between them.
• Free trade zones also offer operational benefits
such as indefinite storage opportunities, increased security and insurance on goods, and top-of-the-line operating facilities.
Difference
• open border
• economic integration ( if their economic
structures are complementary)
• no incentive for a FTA ( if their economic
structures are competitive)
1.3 What are the advantages and possible drawbacks of Free Trade Zone ?
Sum-up Assignment
Objectives
When the learners finish learning this unit, they should be able to
大学核心商务英语读写教程UnitForeignCurrenciesandExchangeRates
Rates
第1页/共79页
ObjectivesFra bibliotekTo know something about foreign exchange
To get familiar with business writing
To learn new words and expressions
第3页/共79页
1. Background Information
¡The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a worldwide decentralized over-the-counter financial market for the trading of currencies. Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends.
To master how to analyze
difficult and long sentences
第2页/共79页
Text A Foreign Exchange Market
1. Background Information 2. Introduction to the Text 3. Business Terms 4. Words and Expressions 5. Notes to the Text
大学英语4精读unit10课文whypeople(20201124130210).docx
Unit 10TextDo you view work as a burden or an opportunity Are you the kind of personwho looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying Whydo people like to complain about work Find the answers to questionlike these in the following essay.WHY PEOPLE WORKLeonard R. SaylesJobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material thingsof life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization.But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the moreintangible,but more crucial,psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't waitfor my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly,""I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but otherbehavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work tothe individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, thesource of their identity and creativity.Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one'spotential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed itshealing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewedself-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problemsare establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside"industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for well enough to work outside.most thoseAnd the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surroundingthe "What do I do with myself" question, even though there may be no financialcares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses onweekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financialpressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individualsdeteriorate rapidly when jobless.But why Whyshould work be such a significant source of human satisfaction A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job,by the activity of accomplishing.Pride in AccomplishmentThe human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able todo things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feelhe or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that servesas a tribute to our inherent abilities.It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see thecarpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable toone person's skill,researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment.Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work;deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of theirown unique plaining is just part of working. After all,how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mindto control you limbs ad hands and words You are, in significant measure, whatyou can do.Some are deceived into thinking that save themselves as much as possible.people like to storeJust the opposite. Itup energy,is energyto rest andexpenditurethat is satisfying.Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his orher job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at abusy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They willtell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions andhandle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone caninteract with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pridethemselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to commandthe job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place"out in the world," with an through other people.Esprit de corpsPerhasps an example will make the point:I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bendseveral pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one inparticular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts.The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups whatit was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled,to be the best in the factory.When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of thefastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work groupis one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike many other aspects oflife, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated,somewhat less emotional.This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at workare just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thussimpler to adjust to than the sporadic,the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures itsmembers to learn how to adjust to one another so that the"rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one anothereach day.Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it becompany or hospital or university.The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated,successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity.Working for a company that is thought of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence.They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly,even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of thisassociation with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in thereflected glory of the institution,and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.New Words。
第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册1-10单元答案.docx
第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课后答案Unit OneIII.1・ idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute6.accused7. object 8・ contaminate 9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1 ・ accusing・・・ of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in & other than 9. object to/objected 10. at bestWord buildingVII.1.justify 2・ glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified5.purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1 ・ bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery5.robbery 6- nursery 7. scenery 8・ discoverySentence StructureIX.1.other than for funerals and weddings2・ other than to live an independent life3・ other than that they appealed to his eye (v)4.but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5.other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1.shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2.would have; told him the answer3・ they neednl have gone at all4.must have had too much work to do5.might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI.-1 ・ The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed・2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.I.出入除白己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程4 Unit10 课文PPT
3. Skill of being self-motivated 激励自己的能力 One is capable of handling all kinds of emotions and get more concentrated, and then makes their endeavors to get closer to the destination. 能够整顿情绪，增强注意力,让自己朝着一定的目标努力。 4. Skill of sensing others’ feelings 了解别人情绪的能力 One is able to sense how other people feel and what they need and be sympathetic 理解别人的感觉，察觉别人的真正需要，具有同情心。 5. Skill of maintaining a harmony in interpersonal relationship 维系融洽人际关系的能力 One can orient himself in different environments and get used to changes. 能够适应环境及其变化 Back
ask if you're facing facts or avoiding them.
Using imagery. This is what you see Olympic ski racers doing before entering the starting gate. With their eyes closed and bodies swaying, they run the course in their minds first, which improves their performance. You can do the same by setting aside time each day to dream with passion about what you want to achieve. Considering and reconsidering events to choose the most creative response to them. When a Greek philosopher said 2,000 years ago that it isn't events that matter but our opinion of them, this is what he was talking about. Every time something important happens, assign as many interpretations to it as possible, even crazy ones. Then go with the interpretation most
新视野大学英语4 UNIT10课文翻译及答案
What is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment?I say judgment.Knowledge, no matter how broad, is useless until it is applied.<P1>And application takes judgment, which involves something of a sixth sense—a high performance of the mind.This raises interesting questions about the best training for today's business people.As Daniel Goleman suggests in his new book, <em>Emotional Intelligence</em>, the latest scientific findings seem to <P2>indicate that intelligent but inflexible people don't have the right stuff in an age when the adaptive bility is the key to survival.In a recent cover story, <em>Time</em> magazine sorted through the current thinking on intelligence and reported, "New brain research suggests that emotions, not IQ, may be the true measure of human intelligence."The basic significance of the emotional intelligence that <em>Time</em> called "EQ" was suggested by management expert Karen Boylston: "Customers are telling businesses, 'I don't care if every member of your staff graduated from Harvard. I will take my business and go where I am understood and treated with respect.'"<P3>If the evolutionary pressures of the marketplace are making EQ, not IQ, the hot ticket for business success, it seems likely that individuals will want to know how to cultivate it.I have a modest proposal: Embrace a highly personal practice aimed at improving these four adaptive skills.<em>Raising consciousness</em>.<P4>I think of this as thinking differently on purpose.<P5>It's about noticing what you are feeling and thinking and escaping the conditioned confines of your past.<P6>Raise your consciousness by catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as possible. Routinely take note of your emotions and ask if you're facing facts or avoiding them.<em>Using imagery</em>.This is what you see Olympic ski racers doing before entering the starting gate.With their eyes closed and bodies swaying, they run the course in their minds first, which improves their performance.You can do the same by setting aside time each day to dream with passion about what you want to achieve.<em>Considering and reconsidering events to choose the most creative response to them</em>. <P7>When a Greek philosopher said 2,000 years ago that it isn't events that matter but our opinion of them, this is what he was talking about.Every time something important happens, assign as many interpretations to it as possible, even crazy ones.Then go with the interpretation most supportive of your dreams.<em>Integrating the perspectives of others</em>.Brain research shows that our view of the world is limited by our genes and the experiences we've had.<P8>Learning to <1>incorporate</1> the useful perspectives of others is nothing less than a form of enlarging your senses.The next time someone interprets something differently from you—say, a controversial political event—pause to reflect on the role of life experience and consider it a gift of perception.<P9>The force of habit—literally the established wiring of your brain—will pull you away from practicing these skills.Keep at it, however, because they are based on what we're learning about the mechanism of the mind.Within the first six months of life the human brain doubles in capacity.It doubles again by age four and then grows rapidly until we reach sexual maturity.The body has about a hundred billion nerve cells, and every experience <2>triggers</2> a brain response that literally shapes our senses.The mind, we now know, is not confined to the brain but is distributed throughout the body's universe of cells.Yes, we do think with our hearts, brains, muscles, blood and bones.During a single crucial three-week period during our teenage years, chemical activity in the brain is cut in half.<P10>That done, we are "biologically wired" with what one of the nation's leading brain researchers calls our own "world view".He says it is impossible for any two people to see the world exactly alike.So unique is the personal experience that people would understand the world differently.However, it is not only possible to change your world view, he says, it's actually easier than overcoming a drug habit.<P11>But you need a discipline for doing it.Hence, the method recommended here.<P12>No, it's not a curriculum in the sense that an MBA is.But the latest research seems to imply that without the software of emotional maturity and self-knowledge, the hardware of academic training alone is worth less and less.员工对公司最有价值的贡献是什么，是知识还是判断力？我说是判断力。
商务英语综合教程第4册Unit
1). When used as vi, it, similar to the word “join”, means to join in a form a league.
Para 3
Stability in Europe … would-be hegemon.
Great Britain is willing to give full support to the lesser state or coalition when the balance of power was at risk, resulting from the appearance of a potential hegemon, which contributed to stability in Europe.
Unit Two
Unit Two
Intensive Reading
Balances and Imbalances of Power
Para 1
The only check on … forming a league of defense.
The only limitation to the abuse of political power has in every case come from the existence of an opposing power which is equally strong or an alliance of several countries which forms a group of defense.
新视野大学英语视听说教程4(第二版)Unit 10_test答案
Unit 10 testNextPart I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Stocks.B. Government bonds.C. Corporate bonds.D. Stocks and corporate bonds.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Nasdaq takes an average of all its stocks while Dow does not.B. Dow takes the average of its all its stocks while Nasdaq does not.C. Neither uses the average of its stocks.D. Both take an average of all their stocks.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. A depression is approaching.B. The stock market may crash.C. The stock market is stable.D. The stock market is rising fast.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The woman will follow the man to buy the company's shares.B. The man's stocks have gone up.C. The man suffers a great loss caused by the company's bad performance.D. The woman suggests the man think carefully before he acts.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man lost a lot of money in the stock market.B. The stock market is in a slump.C. The woman is surprised at Jack's bad luck.D. Jack has stayed away from the stock market to avoid losses.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10), write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read the third time, check your answers.Just like ancompany's stock. A mutual fund is a group of stocks and bonds that isby a group of people. A financial company is in charge of the mutual fund, whichisone or more portfolio managers. The people whoin mutual funds are also known as shareholders because a unit ofin a mutual fund is called a share. A mutual fund uses the cash invested byitsshareholders are indirect that portfolio of stocks or bonds.Since a mutual fund may contain the stocks of many companies in its portfolio, (8)Most mutual funds are open-end funds. This means that at the end of every day, (9)A mutual fund can also be a closed-end fund. The sponsor of a closed-end fund registers and issues a fixed number of shares at the initial offering, similarto a common stock. Investors then can buy or sell these shares through a stock exchange. (10)Your answer Correct answer(1) individual individual(2) owned owned(3) managed managed(4) invest invest(5) ownership ownership(6) shareholders shareholders(7) investors investors(8) shareholders are often able to own agreater and more diverse number ofstocks than if they invested directlyin the stock market(9) the investment management companysponsoring the fund issues new sharesto investors and buys back shares frominvestors wishing to leave the fund(10) The sponsor does not buy back or issueshares after a closed-end fund islaunched, so the investor must tradethem through a brokerPart III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.How much did an Apple Computer PowerBook G3 250 laptop cost in 1997 accordingto the passage?A. $3,700.B. $5,500.C. $5,700.D. $7,500.2.Who has hundreds of examples on his personal Website that show what wouldhave happened if one had decided to purchase Apple stock?A. A stock broker.B. An economist.C. A manager.D. A student.3.When was the iPod Shuffle released?A. 1998.B. 2001.C. 2008.D. 1997.4.How much did the first generation iPod cost?A. $400.B. $40.C. $11,500.D. $350.5.What would be the best title for the passage?A. If You Bought Apple Stock Instead of Its ProductsB. If You Bought Apple Products Instead of Its StockC. You Should Invest Your Money in StocksD. Stocks Are Your Best Choice to Make MoneyPart IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Many investors jump on IPOs, hoping to get rich by getting into a stockearly, before it goes up. But isn't that a bit like buying a book without reading it? I mean, ___________ it doesn't go up?A. how ifB. what ifC. how aboutD. what about2.Online share trading has totally changed the stock market and the livesof investors. ___________ the Internet and be your own broker!A. ConnectB. LinkC. Hook up toD. Hook over3._____ about $500, you can open an account and begin buying and sellingshares from your own home, 24 hours a day.A. ForB. ToC. InD. At4.The days of dot-com fortunes from IPOs are _____.A. acrossB. upC. aboveD. over5.I won't recommend any specific stock. You have to make the decision___________.A. by your ownB. on your ownC. for youD. by you6.After you bought a stock that was already very low, it may continue to drop.In that case you will lose your __________.A. sharesB. pantsC. shirtD. skirt7.To make money, you have to __________.A. seize with opportunitiesB. grasp for opportunitiesC. make chancesD. take chances8.I'm not _______ a gambler. I don't want to risk my money in the stock market.A. much ofB. a lot ofC. veryD. very much9.You can probably try blue chip stocks for a guaranteed ________ yourinvestment.A. report forB. release fromC. report onD. return on10.Shareholders may make money or lose money by selling stocks that they own,________ on whether the price has gone up or down since they bought their shares.A. dependB. dependingC. dependsD. depended。
大学英语book4 Unit 10
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Listening Comprehension
1. If you are hungry and thirsty, which need will you tend to first.
The thirst.
■
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Blank Filling Do only material _______ things bring happiness? What about spiritual happiness? Why poor materially, always smiling and happy? I guess are some people, who are ______ ________ －the inner sense of satisfaction and richness that they have spiritual happiness ________ money cannot buy. Some people may be rich materially but poor spiritually. They
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
2. Five needs by Abraham Maslow 1) the most basic physiological needs － input and output (food, vigor) 2) safety needs － to avoid physical pains 3) belonging needs － to avoid isolation (to be a member of …) 4) esteem needs － to be respected by somebody 5) self-actualization needs － to utilize one’s inherent abilities
大学英语精读文本第4册Unit 10
Unit 10TextDo you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following essay.WHY PEOPLE WORKLeonard R. SaylesJobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.Pride in AccomplishmentThe human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to dosomething that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other people.Esprit de corpsPerhasps an example will make the point:I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.New Wordscontentmentn. happiness; satisfaction 满足civilizationn. 文明intangiblea. that can not be touched or grasped 触摸不到的cruciala. decisive; critical 决定性的，关键的pschologicala. of the soul or mind 心理的historicallyad. in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to historyassociatevt. connect or bring together in one's mind 联想slaveryn. the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隶制度；奴隶身份sinn. behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽punishmentn. punishing or being punished 惩罚complaintn. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨behaviorala. of or having to do with behavior 行为的contributionn. act of contributing; sth. contributednecessityn. sth. that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品；必要性focusn. the central point; centre of interest 焦点creativityn. the ability to produce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness创造性clinicn. building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 诊所healv. (cause to) become healthy 治愈，愈合，痊愈depresseda. sad; low in spirits 精神抑郁的，情绪沮丧的depressvt. make sad, low in spiritsrenewvt. reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新gainfullyad. profitablyacutea. severe; strong 严重的，急性的symptoma. a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症状institutionn. a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共机构workshopn. a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 车间，工场whereinconj. in whichexertvt. use(strength, skill, etc.) 尽力reversen. the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反，背面absencen. non-existence; lackretirementn. instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休financiala. relating to money 财政的；金融的weekendn. Saturday and Sunday, esp. when considered as a holiday from workfendvi. provide(for) 供养；照料unemploymentn. the state of being unemployedsignificanta. of noticeable importance or effect 重大的significance n.satisfactionn. be state of being satisfied 满足satisfactory a.accomplisheda. skilled, expert 有才艺的；有造诣的tributen. material evidence of one's worth, virtue, etc.inherenta. existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 内在的，生来的craftsmann. a highly skilled workman 手艺人，（名）工匠bicklayern. a workman who builds with bricksattributablea. that can be attributed 可归因于……的attributevt. 把……归因为housekeepingn. management of a home and its affairs 家政staffn. the group of workers who carry on a job （全体）员工capacityn. ability, power; the amount that sth. can hold or produce 能力；容量tougha. difficult to do or deal with 艰巨的uniquen. being the only one of its type 独特的limbn. the leg, arm. or wing of an animal 肢，翼oppositen. a person or thing that is entirely different from another 对立面，对立物countlessa. very many; too many to be countedbrokern. person who buys and sells for others 经纪人，掮客stock brokern. a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 证券经纪人representativen. a person acting in place of one or more others 代表interactvi. act on each other 相互作用persistencen. the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 坚持persist vi.distinctivea. clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的；与众不同的mightilyad. with power and strength; greatlyesprit de corpsn. (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 团体精神，集体荣誉感coordinationn. harmonious adjustment or working together 协调coordinate vt.lightning闪电bystandern. a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁观者superblyad. magnificently; first classaspectn. one side or view of a subject 方面relationshipn. a friendship between people; connection 关系disclosemake known; show by uncovering 揭示sporadica. occurring now and then; occasional 零星发生的,偶尔的collectivityn. people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集体collective a.statusn. (high) social or professional position 地位,身份envyvt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羡慕;妒忌winnern. one that wins or seems destined to win or be successfulprestigiousa. having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, etc.)有声望的baskvi. sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒适地) 取暖,享受reflectvt. throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映assertvt. demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣称,断言membershipn. the state of being a member, of a club, society, etc. all the members of a club, society, etc.Phrases & Expressionsassociate withconnect with (often mentally) 把…与…联系在一起rather thaninstead offend for oneselflook after oneself 照料自己，自行谋生aside frombesides, apart from 除…以外long fordesire (to have )sth. strongly 渴望take pride infell please and happy because of 为…而感到得意store upput away for future use 储存，储备pride oneself onregard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以……自豪make the/one's pointprove that sth. is true 证明一个论点in particularespeciallyat workbusy at a job; doing workone the wholeconsidering everything; in generalwork offget rid of, dispose 除去，清除。
大学英语精读_第四册_Unit_10_The_Telephone
prefi x
root
resist
帮助 组成 存在 坚持，极力要求 坚持不懈,持续 抵制，抗议
• • • • • •
assist consist exist insist persist resist
prefi x
attain
root
• • • • • • • •
attain contain detain entertain maintain obtain pertain retain
Word Building--Compound
• n.+ n. butcher-shop chicken-pox finger-nail hail-storm pocket-knives trouble-shooter n.+ n. (ed) marble-sized n.+ v. (ed/ing) hand-rolled fish-bearing n.+ adj. jet-black adj.+ v. (ed) middle-aged full-blown
entertain
妓女， 娼妓
款待
troubleshooter
故障检修员；排解纠纷者
wring (wrung wrung) v. to clasp and twist or squeeze as in distress
devout(由devote衍生而来) adj. devoted to divine worship or service
a devout admirer devout thanks jet-black hair 漆黑的头发
Synonyms
pious fervent earnest
原创 新视野读写 book4-10A How to Cultivate EQ
If your answer is “yes”, you have pretty high EQ!
•
How to improve my EQ ???
6 minutes to skim the text
Main Idea:
The new research shows that EQ may be crucial for business success. To cultivate our EQ, our effort should be aimed at improving four adaptive skills.As long as we keep at such effort, we can make it, for they are based on our knowledge about the mechanisms of the mind. Without EQ, IQ alone is worth little.
III. Discuss the topics as follows:
4. Do you think that sports help develop good character?
5. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
Genius only means hard-working all one's life . ( Mendeleyer , Russian Chemist)
天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。 (俄国化学家 门捷列 耶夫)
新视野大二版读写教程4Unit10课后答案
VII
multimedia multidimensional
他在难民营工作看到战争受害者遭受的苦难，这使他提高了政治觉悟。 9. If you were interested in EQ, I’d recommend the book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman—it’s informative.
如果你对情商感兴趣，我将会向你推荐丹尼尔•戈尔曼写的《情感智 能》一书，该书内容较为翔实。 10. The state will encourage scientific and technological research, and promote the application of science and technology to innovate traditional industries and develop high- tech industries.
家长的独立采访显示，绝大多数人都支持教师，百分之93的小学教师和百分之89的 中学教师似乎是称 职的或高度称职的。
10. The men were caught in the act of digging up buried explosives. 男子被当场抓获的挖埋炸药
第五页，编辑于星期六：十八点 四十六分。
Unit10 课后答案
第一页，编辑于星期六：十八点 四十六分。
III
1. Computer-based communications can offer many educational opportunities;
therefore, educators will need to incorporate current teaching methods into the
21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解
21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解导语：任何长于十五分钟的演讲似乎都是乏味的，如果不是完全没有意义的话，下面是作者在毕业演讲上相对年轻人说的话，欢迎大家来阅读。
My Graduation SpeechNeil PostmanAuthor's Note: Having sat through two dozen or so graduation speeches, I have naturally wondered why they are so often so bad. One reason, of course, is that the speakers are chosen for their eminence in some field, and not because they are either competent speakers or gifted writers. Another reason is that the audience is eager to be done with all the ceremony so that it can proceed to some serious reveling. Thus any speech longer than, say, fifteen minutes will seem tedious, if not entirely pointless. There are other reasons as well, including the difficulty of saying something inspirational without being banal. Here I try my hand at writing a graduation speech, and not merely to discover if I can conquer the form. This is precisely what I would like to say to young people if I had their attention for a few minutes.If you think my graduation speech is good, I hereby grant you permission to use it, without further approval from or credit to me, should you be in an appropriate situation.Members of the faculty, parents, guests and graduates, have no fear. I am well aware that on a day of such high excitement, what you require, first and foremost, of any speaker is brevity. I shall not fail you in this respect. There are exactly eighty-five sentences in my speech, four of which you have just heard. It willtake me about twelve minutes to speak all of them and I must tell you that such economy was not easy for me to arrange, because I have chosen as my to///picplex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whomI know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I knowa little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the other.The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call science, and one of them—Democritus by name—conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and idea which we know today as ecology.About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago.The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth-or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them. They were spectacularly good horsemen, which is about the only pleasant thing history can say of them. They were marauders—ruthless and brutal. Their language lacked subtlety and depth. Their art was crude and even grotesque. They swept down through Europe destroying everything in their path, and they overran the Roman Empire. There was nothing a Visigoth like better than to burn a book, desecrate a building, or smash a work of art. From the Visigoths, we have no poetry, no theater, no logic, no science, no humane politics.Like the Athenians, the Visigoths also disappeared, but not before they had ushered in the period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe almost a thousand years to recover from the Visigoths.Now, the point I want to make is that the Athenians and the Visigoths still survive, and they do so through us and the ways in which we conduct our lives. All around us—in this hall, in this community, in our city—there are people whose way of looking at the world reflects the way of the Athenians, and there are people whose way is the way of the Visigoths. I do not mean, of course, that our modern—day Athenians roam abstractlythrough the streets reciting poetry and philosophy, or that the modern-day Visigoths are killers. I mean that to be an Athenian or a Visigoth is to organize your life around a set of values. An Athenian is an idea. And a Visigoth is an idea. Let me tell you briefly what these ideas consist of.To be an Athenian is to hold knowledge and, especially, the quest for knowledge in high esteem. To contemplate, to reason, to experiment, to question—these are, to an Athenian, the most exalted activities a person can perform. To a Visigoth, the quest for knowledge is useless unless it can help you to earn money or to gain power over other people.To be an Athenian is to cherish language because you believe it to be humankind's most precious gift. In their use of language, Athenians strive for grace, precision, and variety. And they admire those who can achieve such skill. To a Visigoth, one word is as good as another, one sentence indistinguishable from another. A Visigoth's language aspires to nothing higher than the cliche.To be an Athenian is to understand that the thread which hold civilized society together is thin and vulnerable; therefore, Athenians place great value on tradition, social restraint, and continuity. To an Athenian, bad manners are acts of violence against the social order. The modern Visigoth cares very little about any of this. The Visigoths think of themselves as the center of the universe. Tradition exists for their own convenience, good manners are an affectation and a burden, and history is merely what is in yesterday's paper.To be an Athenian is to take interest in public affairs and the improvement of public behavior. Indeed, the ancient Athenians had a word for people who did not. The word was idiotes, from which we get our word idiot. A modern Visigoth is interested onlyin his own affairs and has no sense of the meaning of community.And, finally, to be an Athenian is to esteem the discipline, skill, and taste that are required to produce enduring art. Therefore, in approaching a work of art, Athenians prepare their imagination through learning and experience. T o a Visigoth, there is no measure of artistic excellence except popularity. What catches the fancy of the multitude is good. No other standard is respected or even acknowledged by the Visigoth.Now, it must be obvious what all this has to do with you. Eventually, like the rest of us, you must be on one side or the other. You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth. Of course, it is much harder to be an Athenian, for you must learn how to be one, you must work at being one, whereas we are all, in a way, natural-born Visigoths. That is why there are so many more Visigoths than Athenians. And I must tell you that you do not become an Athenian merely by attending school or accumulating degrees. My father-in-law was one of the most committed Athenians I have ever known, and he spent his entire adult life as a dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City. On the other hand, I have known physicians, lawyers, and engineers who are Visigoths of unmistakable persuasion. And I must also tell you, as much in sorrow as in shame, that at some of our great universities, perhaps even this one, there are professors of whom we may fairly say they are closet Visigoths. And yet, you must not doubt for a moment that a school, after all, is essentially an Athenian idea. There is a direct link between the cultural achievements of Athens and what the faculty of this university is all about. I have no difficulty imagining that Plato, Aristotle, or Democritus would be quite at home in our classrooms. A Visigoth would merely scrawl obscenities on the wall.And so, whether you were aware of it or not, the purpose of your having been at this university was to give you a glimpse of the Athenian way, to interest you in the Athenian way. We cannot know on this day how many of you will choose the way and how many will not. You are young and it is not given to us to see your future. But I will tell you this, with which I will close: I can wish for you no higher compliment than that in the future it will be reported that among your graduating class the Athenians mightily outnumbered the Visigoths.Thank you, and congratulations.New Wordseminencen. superiority in rank, position, achievement, etc. 出众，卓越revelvi. make merry; celebrate noisily 作乐;狂欢tediousa. long and boring; uninteresting 冗长的;乏味的pointlessa. without meaning or purpose 无意义的;无目的的inspirationala. of or giving inspiration 有灵感的;给予灵感的;鼓舞人心的inspirationn. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)banala. dull or unoriginal 陈腐的，老一套的herebyad. by doing or saying this; as a result of this 据此;因此permissionn. consent; authorization 同意;许可permissablea. 可允许的，许可的foremostad. in the first place; before all else 首先;首要地ancestorn. any (esp. remote) person from whom one is descended 祖先，祖宗spirituala. of or concerning the spirit as opposed to matter 精神上的alignv. come, bring or arrange into a line (使)成一直线literatea. able to read and write; having studied or read a great deal 有读写能力的;有文化修养的vigorn. great physical or mental strength 精力，活力vigorousa. full of vigor; showing physical strength or activity 精力旺盛的;充满活力的epicn. a long poem about the deeds of gods and great men, or the early history of a nation 叙事长诗;史诗unsurpasseda. unexcelled, not capable of being improved on 未被超越的;超群的，卓绝的moderationn. avoidance of excesses or extremes; the ability or quality of keeping one's desires within reasonable limits 适度;节制ecologyn. the branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings 生态学flourishvi. grow vigorously; prosper; be in one's prime 繁荣;兴旺;处于旺盛时期spectacularlyad. in a spectacular manner, stunningly 引人注目地;令人吃惊地spectaculara. grandly out of the ordinary; striking or amazing 壮观的;令人称奇的horsemann. a rider on horseback; a skilled rider 骑马的人;骑手maraudern. a person or animal that goes about searching for things to steal, people to attack, etc. (尤指流动作案的)强盗，抢劫者;攫食的动物ruthlessa. having no pity or compassion 无情的;残忍的brutala. having or showing no tender human feeling; cruel 残忍的;野蛮的;残酷的subtletyn. the quality or condition of being subtle; the ability or tendency to make fine distinctions 微妙;细微;细致;精细crudea. rough, unpolished; not skillfully done or finished 粗糙的;不精细的grotesquea. strange and unnatural so as to arouse fear or laughter 奇形怪状的;怪诞的;可笑的overrunvt. spread over; conquer (territory) by force 蔓延;侵占desecratevt. violate (a sacred place or thing) with violence; treat as not sacred 玷辱(神明);亵渎ushervt. bring, esp. by showing the way 引，领roamv. wander with no special plan or purpose 漫游;闲逛abstractlyad. in an abstract state or manner; without any particular aim or purpose 抽象地;无明确目的地brieflyad. in a concise manner; for a short time 简要地;短暂地esteemn. high regard; favorable opinion 尊重;好评vt. have a high regard for; greatly respect; think favorably of 尊重;敬重;赞成exalteda. elevated in rank, position, etc.; noble, lofty (地位等)高的，崇高的;尊贵的，高尚的exaltvt. raise in status or power, etc.; praise highly 提升;晋升;赞扬humankindn. human beings collectively 人类precisionn. the quality of being precise; exactness 精确;准确precisea. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc. 精确的，准确的indistinguishablea. that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate 难以分辩的.; 难以区别的aspirevi. desire strongly to achieve sth.; have ambition for sth. 渴望;追求;有雄心aspirationn. (a) strong desire to do sth. or have sth., esp. sth. great or important 强烈愿望，热望;志向，抱负clichen. a familiar phrase or expression used so often that it has lost much of its expressive force 陈词滥调;老生常谈vulnerablea. weak; easily hurt or attacked 脆弱的;易受伤的;易受攻击的restraintn. controls or limitations; things that prevent one from doing sth. 克制;约束continuityn. the state of being continuous 连续性;连贯性continuala. going on without stopping; happening over and over again 持续不断的;频繁的affectationn. artificial behavior meant to impress others; a feeling or manner that is pretended 不自然的行为;矫揉造作idiotesn. (Gk) a person who is not in the public eye; an ignorant person 平庸的人;无知的人idiotn. a foolish or stupid person 白痴;傻瓜popularityn. the state or quality of being well liked, favored, or admired 普遍;流行;受欢迎natural-borna. 天生的cuttern. a worker whose job is cutting cloth, glass, stone, etc. (服装)剪裁师;玻璃切割工;凿石工avenuen. a road or way bordered with trees; a street, esp. a wide, principal one that runs at right angles to others called streets 林阴道;大街persuasionn. the act of persuading; the state of being persuaded; a group of people holding a particular belief 劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派closeta. private; secret 私下的;秘密的n. a small room or cupboard for clothes, etc.; a small, private room for reading, meditation, etc. 壁橱;储藏室;小房间(阅读、沉思用)scrawlvt. write, draw or mark hastily or carelessly 乱写;乱画;乱涂obscenityn. the state of being obscene; obscene word or act 淫秽，猥亵;猥亵淫秽的话(或行为)obscenea. indecent, disgusting (usu. about sex) 淫秽的，猥亵的glimpsen. & v. (have) a brief, quick look (at) 一瞥，一看mightilyad. with power or strength; greatly 有力地;强烈地;大大地outnumbervt. exceed in number 数目超过;比…多Phrases and Expressionssit throughremain seated until the end of; be present at 一直坐到…结束;出席be/have done withhave finished with; be finished with 结束;完毕first and foremostmost importantly; above all else 最重要的;首先align oneself with sb.join sb. as an ally; come into agreement with sb. 与某人结盟;与某人一致put...to shamecause shame to (sb./sth.); show (sb./sth.) to be inferior by comparison 使(某人/某事)蒙羞;使(某人/某事)相形见绌sweep downmove steadily with great force or speed 席卷;突袭usher inintroduce or mark the beginning of a new period, fashion, generation, etc. 引进(新时期、新一代等);标志着(新时期、新时尚、新一代)的开始known asgenerally recognized as; called or labeled as 公认为;被称为hold...in high esteemhave a very favorable opinion of; show great respect to 给…以好评;对…非常尊敬aspire todesire strongly to achieve (sth.); have ambition for (sth.) 渴望取得;对…抱有雄心take interest inbe keen to know more about (sth.) or be involved in (it) 对…感兴趣catch the fancy of sb./sb.'s fancyplease sb.; appeal to sb. 合某人的心意;吸引某人have to do withbe connected with; be related to 与…有联系;与…有关at homeat ease as if in one's own home; familiar 自在;无拘无束;熟悉Proper NamesNeil Postman尼尔·波斯特曼Greece希腊(欧洲巴尔干半岛南部国家)Athens雅典(希腊首都)Democritus德谟克利特(460—370 BC，古希腊唯物主义哲学家，原子论创始人之一)Athenian雅典人Visigoth西哥特人(公元5世纪后入侵罗马帝国并在法国和西班牙建立王国的条顿族人)the Dark Ages黑暗时代(公元5世纪至11世纪，欧洲中世纪的早期)Plato柏拉图(427—347 BC，古希腊哲学家)Aristotle亚里士多德(384—322 BC，古希腊哲学家和科学家，柏拉图的学生)。
新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit 10 答案
The human spirit 10Unit 10 The human spiritTeaching suggestions and answer keys Starting pointWork in pairs. Read the information and discuss the questions.1 What are the risks involved with each of these expeditions?For the two seafarers: shipwreck, typhoons, running out of food and water, hostile natives and simply getting lost. Earhart ran a risk of bad weather, engine failure and running out of fuel over water. The mountaineers risked falls, hypothermia, snow storms, and breathing problems. Armstrong was totally dependent on his equipment. Even small failures could rapidly lead to death.2 What kind of people are motivated to undertake these expeditions? What do you think their motivationsare?The people must be brave, ambitious and determined. Maybe they need to be a little mad, obsessed with a dream. This may be less true of the first two who had economic and political motives as well. Earhart and Hillary wanted fame. Tenzing was earning his living. Armstrong as a military person also felt it was his duty to his country.3 What, if any, are the benefits to humanity in general that come from these expeditions? What, if any, arethe harms?The first three were about communicating across distance and opening up new trade and travel routes.The modern world arises from such ventures which have brought prosperity to many, but at a great cost in violence, exploitation and disease. The final three opened up new frontiers. The conquest of the mountain has led to some pollution but no serous problems. The effects of space science seem so far to have been benign but it is far too early to tell what will follow.4 What personal characteristics are necessary for such expeditions? Which of those characteristics do youpossess?Bravery, determination, stubbornness, ambition, perseverance, arrogance. They are not all good qualities. I think I have a great deal of determination but probably not enough to undertake such dramatic feats. These are exceptional people.The human spirit Unit 10Active reading (1)1 Look at the lines marked on the globe. What purpose do they serve?They are the lines of longitude and latitude which are used for measuring distance and time around the world,and locating places on the globe.2 Look at the title of the passage and answer the questions.1 What determines where lines of longitude are placed?One may say lines of longitude are determined by the law of nature, but the passage tells that the placement of the longitude lines is political decision.2 What determines where lines of latitude are placed?The law of nature.3 The invention of what machine was necessary before longitude could be accurately measured?Accurate clocks.LongitudeBackground informationLongitude is a best-selling book by Dava Sobel on the life of the great British instrument / clock maker John Harrison (1693–1776).Culture pointsCanary Islands and Madeira Islands: The former are Spanish and the latter Portuguese. They lie off the west coast of Africa and are popular holiday destinations owing to their lovely climates.Azores is another group of islands North West of the previous two.Cape Verde Islands are a group islands south of the Canaries, an independent state.Vasco Nunez be Balboa (1474–1519), Spanish explorer, noted as the first European to cross the isthmus of Panama and see the Pacific from that shore.Ferdinand Magellan (1480–1521), Portuguese explorer, led first circumnavigation of the globe.Sir Francis Drake (1540–1596), English naval hero in Elizabeth I’s wars with Spain, first Englishman to circumnavigate the Earth.Language points1 ... and national boundaries repeatedly redrawn by war and peace. (Para 4)The borders of countries are changed by war and peace treaties.2 Ptolemy himself has only an armchair appreciation of the wider world. (Para 6)Ptolemy had never travelled, his information came from books.Unit 10 The human spirit3 … assume their positions at the sun’s command. (Para 7)They have been fixed according to the sun’s motion as seen from Earth. They are fixed, not human choices.4 The zero-degree parallel of latitude is fixed by the laws of nature, while the zero-degree meridian oflongitude shifts like the sands of time. (Para 9)The Equator is an objectively calculated line; the prime meridian is a human convention and it has been moved about – at present by international agreement it goes through London, but it can be changed whenever nations wish. The sands of time means the passing of time, a metaphor based on the old timing devices one turned upside down to measure a length of time.5 … and turns the determination of longitude, especially at sea into an adult dilemma – one thatstumped the wisest minds of the world for the better part of human history. (Para 9)… and makes it hard to determine the longitude, especially when people are taking navigation at sea.Stumped the wisest minds of the world means no one could solve it even though some clever people tried.If a problem stumps someone, they cannot think of a solution. For the better part of human history means for most of human history – indeed until it was solved in the late 18th century.6 The measurement of longitude meridians, in comparison, is tempered by time. (Para 11)Tempered by time means reliant on knowing the time.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Longitude, a great aid to ocean navigators, is more difficult to calculate than latitude because the linescan be arbitrarily placed. In addition, calculating degrees of longitude depends on having an accurate clock both on land and at sea.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What is true about lines of longitude?(a) They are still changing positions today.(b) They are parallel to one another.(c) They are all the same length.(d) They are no longer used for navigation.2 What was the importance of Ptolemy to navigation?(a) He put together the most advanced maps of his time.(b) He sponsored some important ocean explorations.(c) He made more accurate maps through his own observations.(d) He was the first person to draw lines of longitude and latitude.3 What is the function of the prime meridian?(a) To mark the movement of the sun and planets.(b) To set a zero point for the lines of longitude.(c) To divide the globe into east and west.(d) To trace a line from the North Pole to the South Pole.The human spirit Unit 104 Which of the following CANNOT help a sailor determine latitude?(a) The length of daytime.(b) The position of the sun.(c) The position of the guide stars.(d) The position of the lines of longitude.5 What did Christopher Columbus use for navigation?(a) Lines of latitude.(b) Lines of longitude.(c) Both lines of latitude and lines of longitude.(d) Neither lines of latitude nor lines of longitude.6 What does one need to accurately determine the longitude while at sea?(a) The time on board the ship and the latitude.(b) The time both on board the ship and at a fixed location of known longitude.(c) The difference between the time the ship left land and the current time at sea.(d) The distance that the ship sailed in exactly one hour.7 How many miles does a ship sail to cover 15 degrees of longitude?(a) 15 miles.(b) 1,000 miles.(c) It depends on the speed the ship is sailing.(d) It depends on the ship’s distance from the Equator.8 Why did the great captains of the Age of Exploration get lost at sea?(a) The maps they were using were not correctly drawn.(b) They didn’t have an efficient way to determine longitude.(c) The clocks at that time were not accurate so they couldn’t find the correct latitude.(d) The ships at that time were not easy to navigate.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a difference between things that should be the same (discrepancy)2 not obvious, and therefore difficult to notice (subtle)3 causing a lot of damage or harm (disastrous)4 in or from the hottest parts of the world (tropical)5 important and likely to influence future actions or decisions (landmark)6 to make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have(gauge)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.Because there are no written records, not much is known about who first discovered the Hawaiian Islands. Most historians assume that the Islands were reached by explorers from another (1) tropical island such as Tahiti. However, the voyage would have been dangerous in those days before compasses and accurate maps were invented. Early ocean explorers would (2) gauge their position by the stars andUnit 10 The human spirit(3) landmark discoveries they had made such as islands. They were also skilled at reading (4) subtlesigns from the wind and waves. However, in a rough ocean far from land, even a slight (5) discrepancy in navigation could be (6) disastrous. We know that the Hawaiian Islands were eventually discovered and populated, but we will never know how many previous voyages failed.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 Early sailors used tree logs that were empty in the middle as boats. (hollow)2 Most explorers didn’t believe the Earth was a ball until Magellan first sailed all round the Earth in theearly 1500s. (sphere)3 Ship hulls need to be strong and waterproof both on the sides and on the bottom. (underneath)4 An interest in exploration has to come together with advances in technology to advance the science ofnavigation. (converge)5 We tend to credit one person with a major invention or discovery, although in fact that person washelped by many people who lived and worked in the same areas before. (predecessors)6 The Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, but they were stopped when the Englishfleet commanded by Sir Francis Drake came and disrupted their plans. (intervened)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If two lines intersect, do they (a) cross each other, or (b) lie parallel to each other?2 I f someone moves haphazardly, do they move (a) without any planning or direction, or (b)dangerously?3 If a boat is adrift in the water, is it (a) sinking, or (b) floating with no fixed direction?4 I s a misconception (a) an incorrect direction that results in someone getting lost, or (b) a mistaken idea?5 D oes a deformity refer to (a) a change of original plans, or (b) a physical or structural change fromwhat is normal?6 If someone acts arbitrarily, do they act (a) without plans, or (b) angrily and fearfully?7 I f your question stumps someone, are they (a) irritated or annoyed, or (b) confused or unable toanswer?8 If a mapmaker is worth his salt, is he (a) being paid as much as he asked, or (b) doing his job well?9 I f one course is a prerequisite for a second one, is it one that (a) you must take in advance of the secondone, or (b) is essentially the same as the second one?10 I f some travellers are en route to China, are they (a) lost or off course from their original plans, or(b) on their way to their destination in China?Reading and interpreting9 Work in pairs and check (¸) the tone of the passage.√light, friendly, and humorous√serious and informative, but not too formalacademic and somewhat technicalpersuasive, with a clear point of viewThe passage certainly opens in a light and friendly way with childhood memories, and there are touches of humour (the classical geographer in his armchair), but there are also some rather technical paragraphs (seeThe human spirit Unit 10 Paragraphs 5, 7, 11, 12). These are serious and informative, but the tone we have mentioned stops it from being very formal or academic. The passage is informing us, not trying to persuade us. It is in fact a good example of popular science writing, presenting something technical in a manner suited to ordinary readers.10 Answer the questions.1 Why does the writer describe the toy she had as a child?It eases us gently into the topic and gives us a clear visual image.2 Why does the writer mention the statue of Atlas?The writer is American and the reference would be helpful to many readers who know the statue ofAtlas. The parallel between the girl on her father’s shoulders and the world on Atlas’ is amusing.3 Why does the writer discuss Ptolemy and his prime meridian?She wishes to tell us some of the history of the concepts of longitude and latitude. This builds up to thelife of her hero in her book and shows how great his achievement was.4 What is the voyage of Christopher Columbus an example of?Sailing with knowledge only of one’s latitude.5 What does the writer refer to with “15 degrees”?The apparent motion of the sun across the sky in one hour.6 Why does the writer mention da Gama, de Balboa, Magellan, and Drake?These are famous explorers whose names are familiar in a general way among Western readers. Theseearly voyagers had to manage without being able to determine their longitude.Developing critical thinking11 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 What are some dangers for navigators in not being able to accurately judge longitude?Without a way of measuring longitude, sailors do not know where they are in the ocean and they mightbe sailing into dangerous waters far from where they actually want to be.2 What are some results of the explorers of the Age of Exploration sailing around the Earth?The decline of the land routes [such as the Silk Road] between East and West. The rise of the EasternAtlantic states. The building of colonial empires in South East Asia.3 Do you think many people today can work out directions without a map? For those who can, how dothey do it?Some people do orienteering courses and use compasses. Of course, there are now GPS systems. Somepeople seem to have an in-built sense of direction.4 What other changes came about when people were able to make accurate, portable time pieces such aswatches and small clocks?Time could be scheduled so appointments and fixed work hours became possible. Transport systemscould become far more efficient too.Unit 10 The human spiritTalking point1 Work in pairs. Discuss what the following inventions have made possible.•paper – books, letters, easy note-taking, money•the telescope – violence at greater distances, observation of the skies around, astronomy•the bicycle– faster travel for individuals, greater range of movement•the automobile – leisure driving, movement of goods, suburbs and commuting, better communications •the radio – coordination of activities, ability to communicate over distance, growth of music industry with increased leisure time listening, public education•the airplane – the tourist industry, ease of long distance movement and communication, movement of perishable cargo, bombing•the mobile phone – ability to be in touch all the time, greater safety, ease of arranging events and meetings and adjusting to problems and delays•the personal computer – access to huge quantities of information, e-communication, e-trade, instant access to news, leisure activities and games2 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Which of the inventions in Activity 1 do you use the most in your daily life?I use my bicycle to get around, but I certainly spend more time on my phone than on my bicycle. I checkmessages and call friends whenever I have a spare moment. Then in the evening I use my computer for hours when I am studying and preparing assignments. As for paper, I guess life would be unthinkable without it. After all, I need money and we are not a cashless society yet!2 Are there any inventions in Activity 1 that you could live without?I have never actually used a telescope. I am sure they have many uses but for me personally atelescope is completely unnecessary. And since I bought my first car, my bicycle has become pretty useless too!3 What other inventions are important in your daily life?Let’s think our way through the day. Air-conditioners, fans and heaters are all great. All the kitchen equipment too – kettles, stoves, rice cookers, refrigerators, microwaves and so on. Then I travel to college by train so add all the different types of rail transport to the list. While travelling I listen to my ipod. Next, I use the escalator and lift. For some classes we use LCD projectors, televisions or VCD / DVD players. Later on in the day I need a water heater for my shower. The list gets longer and longer!4 What do you think might be invented in the next ten years? What would you like to see invented?I expect us to be able to have amazing virtual reality experiences. It will be just like entering afilm or walking down a street thousand of miles away. That will be great. But most of all I hope we can find a source of clean energy. If we could find a way to fuel all the things we want to do without polluting the air and land or causing climate change, that would be the greatest invention ever.The human spirit Unit 10Active reading (2)1 Work in pairs and look at the photo. What are the water conditions like? How safe would you feel in a boat in those conditions?Those waves are enormous. I would be scared stiff. I don’t think many ships could survive seas like that. I would be getting ready to drown.2 Read the title of the passage. Check (¸) the dangers that you think the writer describes.√strong windsan unsafe boatraindangerous companionshis own lack of skillanother boat√ a sudden calm√wild wavessharks√physical exhaustionThe stormLanguage points1 As a result, the Petite Jeanne rode bow on to the wind and to what sea there was. (Para 5)As a result, the boat is in an unnatural position pointing into the wind and as a result the waves which move in the same direction.2 … and made a raffle of our running gear, but still we would have come through nicely had we notbeen square in front of the advancing storm center. (Para 6)The wind destroyed our running gear, but if we had not been hit directly by the storm center, we would have avoided our ship being smashed into pieces. In the story the narrator advises the captain to run with the wind and hope to be blown through and beyond the storm, but instead he chooses to stay where he is with the result the storm hits them directly from in front and smashes the ship to tiny pieces.3 That was what fixed us. (Para 6)That was what settled our fate.4 In the absence of the wind and pressure the sea rose. (Para 8)As was described in Paragraph 4, the wind held the sea down by blowing across it with such force, soUnit 10 The human spirit10when the eye of the storm passes over them suddenly the pressure and wind which had been keeping the sea almost smooth is removed and the water leaps up in great fountains around them.5 But there I was, with nothing to do but make the best of it, and in that best there was little promise.(Para 10)To make the best of a situation is to try to save something from a bad state of affairs. The narrator is in the water with a typhoon around him, so he does not expect even the best he can do will be of much use. Reading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The writer says that the wind (b).(a) was not as strong as the waves(b) was unbelievably strong(c) killed one of his companions(d) contained sand and mud2 The writer believes they would have sailed well except that (d).(a) they were on the most dangerous side of the hurricane(b) the Petite Jeanne had an unreliable anchor(c) the wind was too strong and cold(d) they were directly in front of the hurricane’s center3 When they reached the centre of the hurricane, the winds (b).(a) became stronger(b) stopped completely(c) changed direction(d) became weaker4 Passing through the centre of the hurricane caused (a).(a) enormously large and dangerous waves(b) fierce wind and rain(c) a large number of smaller waves(d) the Petite Jeanne to turn the wrong way5 The writer says that (c).(a) he doesn’t know where the Petite Jeanne is(b) he doesn’t know how the Petite Jeanne survived(c) the Petite Jeanne was broken into pieces(d) he fell off the Petite Jeanne4 Look at the sentences from the passage. Decide what the underlined pronouns refer to.1 Wind? Out of all my experience I could not have believed it possible for the wind to blow as it did.There is no describing it. How can one describe a nightmare?(a) The wind.(b) A nightmare.(c) All of the writer’s experience.2 It was the same way with that wind. It tore the clothes off our bodies. I say tore them off, and I mean it.(a) The clothes.(b) Our bodies.(c) The wind.3 Language may be adequate to express the ordinary conditions of life, but it cannot possibly express anyof the conditions of so enormous a blast of wind.(a) Language.(b) Life.(c) A blast of wind.4 It was a conical canvas bag, the mouth of which was kept open by a huge loop of iron.(a) The bag.(b) The mouth.(c) A loop.5 The blow we received was an absolute lull. There was not a breath of air. The effect on one wassickening.(a) The blow.(b) A breath of air.(c) A person on the ship.6 In the absence of the wind and pressure the sea rose. It jumped, it leaped, it soared straight toward theclouds.(a) The wind.(b) Pressure.(c) The sea.7 The result was that the seas sprang up from every point of the compass. There was no wind to checkthem.(a) The seas.(b) Every point of the compass.(c) Corks.8 The Petite Jeanne? I don’t know. The heathen told me afterwards that he did not know. She was literallytorn apart, ripped wide open, beaten into a pulp, smashed into kindling wood, annihilated.(a) The Petite Jeanne. (Ships are commonly referred as feminine. Here the name also is a woman’s.)(b) The heathen.(c) The seas.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 relating to muscles (muscular)2 the sound of liquid hitting something, or the sound of something falling into a liquid (splash)113 a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain (hurricane)4 the border along the side of a road (verge)5 to break something noisily into many pieces by dropping or hitting it with a lot of force (smash)6 used to emphasize that something is very strong or especially large (terrific)7 to pull something suddenly using a lot of force (jerk)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.The word tsunami, from Japanese, means “harbour wave”, and refers to a large wave or series of waves that hit the shore with a (1) terrific force. Most people have seen the (2) splash of high waves during bad weather, but tsunamis are strong enough to (3) smash houses and other buildings along the shore, and can (4) jerk people and animals off their feet and carry them out to sea. Even a (5) muscular person is probably not strong enough to resist the force of a tsunami by holding onto a tree or other support. People sometimes mistakenly think that tsunamis are caused by (6) hurricanes or other storms, but that is actually not true. Instead, tsunamis are usually caused by earthquakes, usually at sea. If you ever suspect you are in an area that is on the (7) verge of being hit by a tsunami, you should move to higher land as quickly as possible.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words.1 One of the pleasures of deep-sea diving is swimming through schools of countless colourful fish.(multitudinous)2 The drinking fountain shot up a stream of water that splashed my face. (spout)3 Flying a kite takes practice. For a beginner, it is not easy to control it. (bridle)4 The ladder was set at a right angle to the side of the ship. (perpendicular)5 When the airplane descended too quickly, the effect was stomach-turning and made me feel ill.(sickening)6 Cautiously, the explorers passed through the mouth of the enormous cave. (maw)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 I f something is impalpable, does that mean that it (a) cannot be felt, or (b) is impossible tounderstand?2 I f you have an inkling of a situation, do you have (a) a small, partial understanding of it, or (b) amysterious bad feeling about it?3 If you are numbed, are you (a) very confused, or (b) unable to feel anything?4 If someone is paralyzed, are they (a) extremely ill, or (b) completely unable to move?5 I f there is a lull in a storm, is there (a) a period of calm and stillness, or (b) a sudden change in winddirection?6 I f someone demonstrates maniacal behaviour, do they act like (a) an arrogant or conceited person, or(b) a crazy, irrational person?7 I f you accidentally jostle someone, do you (a) insult them, or (b) physically bump or push againstthem?8 If a situation confounds you, does it (a) completely confuse you, or (b) totally bore you?9 If you annihilate something, do you (a) destroy it, or (b) protect it?10 If you have a poor recollection of events, do you have a bad (a) understanding, or (b) memory of them? 1Reading and interpreting9 Work in pairs. Identify the real items in the passage which the writer compares with the objects below.• a nightmare – the confusion and horror of the wind• a kite – wind•sand – wind•corks – the arrangement and action of the sea anchor•mud – the waves / spouts of water and their motion•explosions – splashes of water / waves10 Check (¸) the type of book you think the passage is taken from. Give reasons for your choice.√ a travel magazine√ a short storyan autobiographya book about learning to saila history bookA short story. It is possible it is from an exciting autobiography though the focus is less on the writer than onthe storm itself. It could also be from a travel magazine but their focus is more on pleasurable experiences than deadly storms. The descriptive style creates excitement, suspense and even fear in the reader – thesort of effects adventure stories seek to induce. Extreme experiences would fit badly into a book of sailing instruction. History is not normally written in the first person.Developing critical thinking11 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Why does the writer spend three paragraphs describing the wind, and then say that the wind isimpossible to describe?The less something can be described adequately, the more different ways we need to use to try. Perhapsby amassing words and comparisons we can go some way towards achieving a description.2 How can sailors avoid such experiences as this one?The passage comes from a century ago. Ships can now receive constant weather updates and should beable to avoid tropical storms.3 What types of extreme weather make unsafe travelling conditions?Almost all – too much rain leads to slippery surfaces and the risk of landslips and flooding. Duststorms reduce visibility. Snow and ice make road surfaces dangerous with cars skidding out of control.High winds endanger large vehicles. And extreme weather at sea may be dangerous to ships.4 What types of extreme weather have you experienced?• I live near a major river which some summers turns into a frightening torrent.• My part of the country has deep snow and intense cold. Travel has to be planned very carefully.•I n Fujian we experience super typhoons with winds like those described in the passage, and rainwhich is more like a waterfalls from the sky than normal rain.1。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3. Words and Expressions
• （1）subordinate [sə'bɔ:dineit] n. meaning： a person who is lower in rank or position example: He was always friendly to his subordinates. 他对下级一向和蔼可亲。 synonyms: subsidiary, assistant, junior ﹝补充词义﹞v. 将某事物置於次要地位: In her book, she
Cambridge Leadership Associates (CLA) is an international leadership development practice and the Home of Adaptive Leadership. CLA grew out of the work of Ron Heifetz and Marty Linsky. Kennedy School of Government. Today, CLA comprises a team of experienced consultants working around the globe skilled in the practical application of Adaptive Leadership.
2. Technical Terms
Mark Stevens
Mark works with financial, internet, mobile, outsourcing and technology companies. Prior to joining Sequoia Capital in 1989, Mark held technical and field sales positions at Intel and was a member of the technical staff at Hughes Aircraft. Mark is a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Southern California and is the co-chair of their Investment Committee.
Text A Building the 21st Century Leader
1
Introduction to the Text
2
Technical Terms
Words and Expressions
4
Notes to the Text
1. Introduction to the Text
Theme:
UNIT TEN
NEW VIEW ON TODAY’S BUSINESS
Objectives
•To know something about modern business •To get familiar with technical terms •To learn new word and expressions •To master how to analyze difficult and
long sentence
Background Information
——Effective Business Management for Small Businesses in Today's Economy
• Correct Business Management: A Tactic for Survival • Smarten Up Your Business • Marketing • Manage People Properly • Vision for the Business
马克•斯蒂芬曾任职于金融、网络、移动 通信、外部采购和科技公司。现任南加 州大学信托公司董事会成员，也是其投 资委员会的联合主席。马克获南加州大 学电气工程学士学位、经济学学士、计 算机工程硕士学位及哈弗商学院工商管 理硕士。
2. Technical Terms
Cambridge Leadership Associates
3. Words and Expressions
• （3）enlightened [in'laitnd] adj. meaning： free from prejudice, ignorance, superstition, etc example: People claiming to be unusually enlightened with regard to a subject. 先知先觉的人们自称在某个领 域受过特别启示的人。
subordinates this issue to more general problems. 在她
的书中, 她把这个问题处理得不如一般问题重要.
3. Words and Expressions
• （2）domineering [.dɔmi'niriŋ] adj. meaning： wanting to control others; overbearing example: That domineering manner of yours cuts no ice here with me.你那种盛气凌人的态度在这 里对我不起作用。 synonyms: bossy, overbearing, dictatorial, dominant
Text A mainly illustrates the traits of being a successful leader in 21st century. Besides the abilities to innovate, execute and be a strong role model for your staff, a new leadership style, such as decisive, insightful and constantly challenging company conventions, is imperative in today’s environment.