英语从句专四考点归纳
专四语法讲解(定语从句&名词性从句)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或 原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状 语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状 语。 We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. I know the reason why she studies so well. This is the room where he put up for the night.
(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或 由next，last, only, very修饰时，用that； (4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导； (5)关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。
真题举例
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man he was twenty years ago. ( 2003, 52) A. which B. that C. who D. whom [B] 【详解】这里的the man并不指某个人，而是强调 某个状态、属性、身份，所以不能选择who / whom，同时which也不合题意。因此本句中的限 制性定语从句需要用关系代词that引导，表示强调。 故[B]正确。
如果从句中主宾成分齐全，便可考虑关系 代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用 介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词 前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据 与名词的搭配作出正确选择。如： We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet 连用。
2023年专四语法总结
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握旳要点：1.体现未来时旳形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般目前时替代未来时，但要注意区别从句旳类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后旳that从句中，谓语动词用一般目前时替代未来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完毕时是时态测试旳重点，注意与完毕时连用旳句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表达过去发生状况旳从句，主句用过去完毕时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表达1923年时已发生旳状况) (2)by +未来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般目前时旳从句，主句用未来完毕时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或详细数字)years/days/months，主句用目前完毕时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +详细时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多旳时候不用完毕时。
专四定语从句语法点
专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
专四常考语法点汇总
专四常考语法点汇总语法与词汇专项语法核⼼考点⼀：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、⽬的、条件、让步和⽅式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在⽅式、条件、让步、⽅式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
⼀状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. （2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：⼏种不常⽤的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?1. ⼏种不常⽤的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. ⽤了although或though，就⼀定不能再后⾯的从句中同时⽤but，但是though 可以和yet 连⽤。
专业英语四级重要知识点
专业英语四级重要知识点一、语法局部考察重点1、虚拟语气的考点为：would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形; proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if;由even if/so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比拟状语从句。
3、独立主格构造多以规律主语+分词的形式消失。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考察介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇局部考察重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;ac cuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
学习必备专四语法总结
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
专四常考语法点汇总.doc
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句 = 主句 +从句（ 1 个或 1 个以上）要点1 从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had tostay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008,60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009 ，60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask meto work overtime withoutpay.（2010，55）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ thathe paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if 9Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of causeA. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was onanswer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：If 如果unless 如果不；除非as long as 只要so long as 只要on condition that条件是in the event that 如果，在的情况下provided/providing that 假如given that 如果suppose/supposing that 假如assuming (that ) 假如say 假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：though/although 虽然even if/even though 即使no matter + 疑问词无论疑问词 +ever 无论in spite of the fact that 尽管while 尽管much as 不管尽管for all that 尽管as/though granted/granting (that ) 虽然，尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties,he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了 although 或 though ，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but ，但是though 可以和 yet 连用。
专四语法(状语从句+反意疑问句)
3． 原因状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that,
considering that, given that.
• •
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
9. 方式状语从句 • 常用引导词：as, as if, how • 特殊引导词：the way • Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
反意疑问句
1. 当 陈 述 句 的 主 语 是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述 句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。 例如: • Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? • Nobody came, did they? • Anybody can read the book, can’t they? • Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? • Nothing can stop us now, can it?
6． 条件状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that • You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. • Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构，常常用于修饰句子中的名词或代词，使其更加具体和明确。
下面将介绍英语专四考试中常见的定语从句类型和用法。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括who, whom, whose, that和which。
它们在定语从句中的作用是代替先行词，并引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如： - The man who is standing over there is my father.- The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.- The car that he drives is very expensive.- The woman whose daughter is in my class is a doctor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词包括when, where和why。
它们在定语从句中的作用是引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如：- The day when we met was sunny.- The place where we had dinner was very crowded.- The reason why he left the company is still unknown.3. 用于表示数量或序数的定语从句在表示数量或序数的句子中，常常使用定语从句来进一步说明先行词。
例如：- The first person who finishes the race will receive aprize.- The only thing that she wants for her birthday is a new guitar.- The number of students who attended the lecture was more than expected.以上是英语专四语法中关于定语从句的介绍，考生在备考过程中需要多加练习，尤其是在理解和使用不同类型的引导词上。
2022年完整版专四英语语法考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语调考点1. If从句中旳虚拟语调1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t省略if，从句旳语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语旳前面，但否认词not不前移。
3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get4. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized5.___, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not2、与目前事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
专四语法考点串讲状语从句
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五大考点
• ⑴ when VS while VS as • When 当….的时候 • While 当…的时候 ；趁着…时候 • As 当….的时候 ；随着…
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• ⑵ till / until “直到….为止”
• Eg. Mother waited for Tom till/ until it was far into the night. ( 持续性动词)
考试聚焦
• 考点一、Because VS since VS for • Because: 表示“因为”，表示直接的或明确
的原因; • Since: 表示“既然”， 表示已知或显然的原
因; • for : 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是
用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充 解释、说明，不放在句首。
• 用于句首要求倒装
• Eg. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
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几种特殊句型结构的区别
• （1）It is/was + 时刻 + when从句“某事发生时是 什么时候。”
• （2）It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句“自 从……以来有多长时间了。”
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• 考点三：Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
• Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
• 考点四：no matter +疑问词相当于疑 问词+ever: 不管…都…
专四语法讲解(从句)
从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语 一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语 和be一起省略。 这被称为带连词的无动词状语从 句。
如： Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.
1.让步状语从句
让步状语从句：除了2000，2007年没考，其 他年份都考过 （1）由though, although, even if / though引 导的状语从句
（2）as引导的让步状语从句 (3) while 引导的让步状语从句 （4) no matter how/ what / when / where, however, whatever 引导的让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句
4.原因状语从句
常用引导词since, as, because, in that, 等 (1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因 为”、“就在于”。如: Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
1. I have never been to London, but that is the city _____.(97, 50) A. where I like to visit most B. I’d most like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. where I’d like most to visit [B]
专四语法讲从句
• 作原因状语：why=for which,先行词为reason；
定语从句考点六:非限定性从句
• 非限定性从句的关系词为which, who, whom, as, 介词+which 不能用that
They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, __A__ is something we had not expected. 2003
other person is right yet you cannoBt /aDgree with him 2002
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. where
This company has now introduced a policy ___ pay rises are
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
定语从句考点七:but
• But引导限制性定语从句,先行词可是人也可是物, 表示that/who/which…not
There are very few _____ admire his talents. Not a day went by _____ brought us bad news at that
Child as/though he was, he could help his mother.
▲注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词. b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语
后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起 放在主语之前.
最新--英语专四语法-从句资料
三类从句名词性从句：Nominative/noun clauses1. 主语从句subject clause除基础知识外，另外要掌握的：a. 识别it作形式主语，主语从句后置It is a privilege that you have invited me to the party.b. whether, if引导主语从句的区别c. whatever, whoever, whenever , wherever引导主语从句时，不可以用no matter what/who/when/where替换。
在引导让步状语从句时，可互换。
2. 宾语从句object clausea. 识别it作形式宾语, 宾语从句后置I consider it an honor that you have invited me to your wedding.b. whether, if引导的宾语从句可互换(没有和or not连用时)，但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether, 不能用if. It is a question of whether we should compromise our integrity.c. 不可省略连词that的5种情况可浏览一下，有个印象：两个以上宾语从句，有插入语，直宾, that从句后置，宾语从句是复合句，且复合句中从句位于主句之前。
3. 表语从句predicative clausea. 位于系动词之后；b. 可用whether, as if, as though引导。
It looks as if it is going to rain.c. 当主句的主语是reason时，引导词用that, 不能用because.The reason why they were upset was that they lost the game.4. 同位语从句appositive clause;1. 通常在抽象名词之后，连词that 通常不可省略；if不能引导同位语从句；We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. (if不对)2. 和定语从句的区别: 作句子成分?3. doubt在否定句中带同位语从句时的引导词是that, 在肯定句中一般用whether.I don’t doubt ____ he can finish the task on time.I doubt ____ they can swim across the river.定语从句attributive clause:先行词：antecedent关系代词：relative pronoun限定性restrictive ~，非限定性non restrictive ~1.关系代词that, who, which用法区分;2.只能用that的情况：先行词前有特定的修饰词，不定代词；先行词是人+物的时候；3.关系代词which前可加介词，that前不能加介词；4.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别5.定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致：He is one of the players who are awarded a prize.He is the only one of the players who is awarded a prize.状语从句adverbial clause：时间~ of time，地点~ of place，原因~ of cause，比较~ of comparison，结果~ of result，条件~ of condition，让步~ of concession，目的~ of purpose，1. for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句要用should do/be:She put an extra blanket over the baby lest/for fear that he should catch a cold.2. as, though引导的让步状语从句；as 要倒装，though可倒装，也可不倒装。
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• 考点三：表语从句：be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补 足语。 • 1）The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.（问题是这本书是否值得一读。） 2）That is why we don't like it. • 考点四：同位语从句（专业四级英语考查的重点） • 同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成， 引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成 分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。
• 2．形容词性从句（即定语从句）（复合句考查的重 点） • 定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词） 的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系， 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副 词；介词＋引导词以及非限制性定语从句。对于定语 从句，在历年专业四级英语试题中，相对集中地考查 了非限制性定语从句、关系代词和关系副词的选用、 定语从句中的一致关系以及"介词+关系代词"等知识点。
名词性从句
• 名词性从句：即从句在整个句中起名词 作用，分别可以作主语、宾语、表语、 同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名 词性从句侧重考查考生在一定的语言环 境下对英语从句的语序、从句连接词的 运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识点的 掌握；
• 考点一：主语从句：主要考查主语从句的引导词；主句的谓语动 词，一般用单数。 • 1）It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众 所周知，地球围绕太阳转。（说明：由连词that引导的主语从句， 在大多数情况下用代词it作形式主语。） • 2）Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要视天气 而定。（此时不能用if引导主语从句，只能用whether。） • 3）When the sports meet will be held is not decided. 何时举 行运动会还没有决定。 • 4）Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. • 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。
•
•
• • •
考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时， 对引导词有特殊要求。 1） 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时； 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very 修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或者先行词既有人 又有物时，定语从句的引导词用that。例如: Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 他所说的每件事 似乎都很有道理。 You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走任一件你喜欢的玩具。 The first thing (that) I saw will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记 我见到的第一件事情。
• This is the last thing (that) I want to do. 这是我最不想做的 事情。 • They are talking about the things and persons (that) they can remember in that country. 他们正在谈论他们所能够记起 的那个国家的人和事。 • 2）why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当 主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和 because of 。其结构一般为the reason why…is that…，或者 the reason that … is that…，如： • He did not tell us the reason why he was late again. 他没有告 诉我们他为什么又迟到了。 • The reason why （that）he didn't come is that he was ill
• 试比较： • I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 的宾语， 故用关系代词that / which ) • I have never been to Beijing, but it’s the place that I most want to visit. (place 作visit 的宾语。)
• 考点二：考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的用 法。当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可 以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成"介词 + 关系代词 (whom / which)"结构。但一些短语动词(如look after 等)中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关系代词之 前。 American women usually look upon their best friend as someone with whom they can talk frequently. 美国妇女通常把她们最要好的朋友看成是 可以经常倾诉的对象。 （关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语， talk with sb.意为"与某人谈话"。）
• 另外，我们还要注意"部分 + of 介词+ 关系代 词（整体名词）"结构，该结构，做关系词也 就是 "部分名词 + of which/whom"的结构， 往往可以翻译成“其中”。(学位考查重点) He invited many scientists to his birthday party, two of whom were his old classmates. 他邀请了许多科学家出席他的生 日宴会，其中有两位是他的老同学。
英语从句句子，由从属连词连接。 由主句和从句构成的复合句，是英语中比较复杂的句 子结构。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可 以分为：名词性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句）， 副词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。从句构成与用法 的考查要点很多，历来是专业四级英语考试试题的热 点与焦点，专业四级英语考试几乎每年都涉及到对名 词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句的考查，常将并列 连接词、从属连词、关系代词、关系副词放在同一题 干中进行考查，故意设置干扰项，增加试题难度，以 考查考生分析交际语境、理解句子之间的逻辑关系的 能力。
• 如： • 1）We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到 消息他赢得了比赛。 试比较： • 2）We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她 说的消息。（宾语从句） • 例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news 的进一步说明。 • 有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻， 同位语从句也常与要说明的名词分开。例如：Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。
• 说明：当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后的同位语 从句应用that引导；而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可 以用其他词来引导。例如： • I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself. 我从没有怀疑过你可以照看好自己。 • Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box. 这么一个小男孩怎么能举起 这么重的盒子，对此人们表示怀疑
• 考点三：当先行词为表示时间的名词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点的名词（如： place, room, city, country）时，一般用关系副词 when 和 where. 分别相当于in which, at which, on which。但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的 宾语时，则要用关系代词that 或which。 • I can't forget the days when (in which) I studied with you. • Can you tell me the day when （on which） you met her for the first time? • China is the only country where (in which) wild pandas（熊猫）can be found. • I’ll never forget the village where (in which) I spent my childhood（童年）.
• 考点四：非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 一般用引导词 which / as或who（指人），非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句 的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。 • as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主 句之中或之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放 在主句句首。（考查重点） • The large area is covered with thick snow, which has been reported on TV. 大片区域为积雪所覆盖，这已在电视里报道了。 • His speech, which was very boring, was over at last. 他的讲 演，非常枯燥，终于结束了。 • Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her. • As we all know, the moon（, as is known to us.）is a satellite of the earth.（as is known to us.） 此外，as后如果是被动语态，被动语态中的be动词可以省略； which后的be动词同样情况下则不可以省略。 • Football and baseball, as played in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England.