KLA-Tencor宣布推出Kronos^TM 1080和ICOS^TM F160检测系统
KLA-Tencor推出两款全新缺陷检测产品 堪称黑科技
KLA－Tencor 推出两款全新缺陷检测产品堪称黑科技日期，KLA-Tencor 公司（纳斯达克股票代码：KLAC）宣布推出两款全新缺陷检测产品，在硅晶圆和芯片制造领域中针对先进技术节点的逻辑和内存元件，为设备和工艺监控解决两项关键挑战。
VoyagerTM 1015 系统提供了检测图案化晶圆的新功能，包括在光刻胶显影后并且晶圆尚可重新加工的情况下，立即在光刻系统中进行检查。
Surfscan®SP7系统为裸片晶圆、平滑和粗糙的薄膜提供了前所未有的缺陷检测灵敏度，这对于制造用于7nm 节点逻辑和高级内存元件的硅衬底非常重要，同时也是在芯片制造中及早发现工艺问题的关键。
这两款新的检测系统都旨在通过从根源上捕捉缺陷偏移，以加快创新电子元件的上市时间。
图：KLA-Tencor 全新缺陷检测设备：Voyager™ 1015 与Surfscan® SP7 将助力最先进的逻辑与存储技术节点，支持制程控制与制造设备监控。
“在领先的IC 技术中，晶圆和芯片制造商几乎没有出错的空间，”KLA- Tencor 资深副总裁兼首席营销官Oreste Donzella 说。
“新一代芯片的关键尺寸非常小，以至于在裸硅晶圆或镀膜监控晶圆上，那些可以导致良率损失的缺陷尺寸已经小于现有设备监测系统的检测极限。
此外，无论是193i 还是EUV，缺陷检测领域的第二个关键是如何可靠地检测到光刻工艺早期所引入的良率损失缺陷。
我们的研发团队开发出两种新的缺陷检测系统——一种用于无图案/监控晶圆，一种用于图案化晶圆——为工程师快速并准确地解决这些难题提供了关键助力。
”SurfscanSP 无图案晶圆缺陷检测系统采用实质性创新的光源和传感器架构，并实现了足以改变行业面貌的灵敏度，其分辨率与前一代市场领先的Surfscan 系统相比有着划时代的提升。
这种前所未有的分辨率的飞跃是检测那些最小的杀手缺陷的关键。
新分辨率的范围可以允许对许多缺陷类型（如颗粒、划痕、滑移线和堆垛层错）进行实时分类——无需从Surfscan 设备中取出晶圆或影响系统产量。
IEC-61854架空线.隔离层的要求和检验
NORMEINTERNATIONALECEI IEC INTERNATIONALSTANDARD 61854Première éditionFirst edition1998-09Lignes aériennes –Exigences et essais applicables aux entretoisesOverhead lines –Requirements and tests for spacersCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogue© IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunprocédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.chCODE PRIX PRICE CODE X– 2 –61854 © CEI:1998SOMMAIREPages AVANT-PROPOS (6)Articles1Domaine d'application (8)2Références normatives (8)3Définitions (12)4Exigences générales (12)4.1Conception (12)4.2Matériaux (14)4.2.1Généralités (14)4.2.2Matériaux non métalliques (14)4.3Masse, dimensions et tolérances (14)4.4Protection contre la corrosion (14)4.5Aspect et finition de fabrication (14)4.6Marquage (14)4.7Consignes d'installation (14)5Assurance de la qualité (16)6Classification des essais (16)6.1Essais de type (16)6.1.1Généralités (16)6.1.2Application (16)6.2Essais sur échantillon (16)6.2.1Généralités (16)6.2.2Application (16)6.2.3Echantillonnage et critères de réception (18)6.3Essais individuels de série (18)6.3.1Généralités (18)6.3.2Application et critères de réception (18)6.4Tableau des essais à effectuer (18)7Méthodes d'essai (22)7.1Contrôle visuel (22)7.2Vérification des dimensions, des matériaux et de la masse (22)7.3Essai de protection contre la corrosion (22)7.3.1Composants revêtus par galvanisation à chaud (autres queles fils d'acier galvanisés toronnés) (22)7.3.2Produits en fer protégés contre la corrosion par des méthodes autresque la galvanisation à chaud (24)7.3.3Fils d'acier galvanisé toronnés (24)7.3.4Corrosion causée par des composants non métalliques (24)7.4Essais non destructifs (24)61854 © IEC:1998– 3 –CONTENTSPage FOREWORD (7)Clause1Scope (9)2Normative references (9)3Definitions (13)4General requirements (13)4.1Design (13)4.2Materials (15)4.2.1General (15)4.2.2Non-metallic materials (15)4.3Mass, dimensions and tolerances (15)4.4Protection against corrosion (15)4.5Manufacturing appearance and finish (15)4.6Marking (15)4.7Installation instructions (15)5Quality assurance (17)6Classification of tests (17)6.1Type tests (17)6.1.1General (17)6.1.2Application (17)6.2Sample tests (17)6.2.1General (17)6.2.2Application (17)6.2.3Sampling and acceptance criteria (19)6.3Routine tests (19)6.3.1General (19)6.3.2Application and acceptance criteria (19)6.4Table of tests to be applied (19)7Test methods (23)7.1Visual examination (23)7.2Verification of dimensions, materials and mass (23)7.3Corrosion protection test (23)7.3.1Hot dip galvanized components (other than stranded galvanizedsteel wires) (23)7.3.2Ferrous components protected from corrosion by methods other thanhot dip galvanizing (25)7.3.3Stranded galvanized steel wires (25)7.3.4Corrosion caused by non-metallic components (25)7.4Non-destructive tests (25)– 4 –61854 © CEI:1998 Articles Pages7.5Essais mécaniques (26)7.5.1Essais de glissement des pinces (26)7.5.1.1Essai de glissement longitudinal (26)7.5.1.2Essai de glissement en torsion (28)7.5.2Essai de boulon fusible (28)7.5.3Essai de serrage des boulons de pince (30)7.5.4Essais de courant de court-circuit simulé et essais de compressionet de traction (30)7.5.4.1Essai de courant de court-circuit simulé (30)7.5.4.2Essai de compression et de traction (32)7.5.5Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissement (32)7.5.6Essais de flexibilité (38)7.5.7Essais de fatigue (38)7.5.7.1Généralités (38)7.5.7.2Oscillation de sous-portée (40)7.5.7.3Vibrations éoliennes (40)7.6Essais de caractérisation des élastomères (42)7.6.1Généralités (42)7.6.2Essais (42)7.6.3Essai de résistance à l'ozone (46)7.7Essais électriques (46)7.7.1Essais d'effet couronne et de tension de perturbations radioélectriques..467.7.2Essai de résistance électrique (46)7.8Vérification du comportement vibratoire du système faisceau/entretoise (48)Annexe A (normative) Informations techniques minimales à convenirentre acheteur et fournisseur (64)Annexe B (informative) Forces de compression dans l'essai de courantde court-circuit simulé (66)Annexe C (informative) Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissementMéthode de détermination de la rigidité et de l'amortissement (70)Annexe D (informative) Contrôle du comportement vibratoire du systèmefaisceau/entretoise (74)Bibliographie (80)Figures (50)Tableau 1 – Essais sur les entretoises (20)Tableau 2 – Essais sur les élastomères (44)61854 © IEC:1998– 5 –Clause Page7.5Mechanical tests (27)7.5.1Clamp slip tests (27)7.5.1.1Longitudinal slip test (27)7.5.1.2Torsional slip test (29)7.5.2Breakaway bolt test (29)7.5.3Clamp bolt tightening test (31)7.5.4Simulated short-circuit current test and compression and tension tests (31)7.5.4.1Simulated short-circuit current test (31)7.5.4.2Compression and tension test (33)7.5.5Characterisation of the elastic and damping properties (33)7.5.6Flexibility tests (39)7.5.7Fatigue tests (39)7.5.7.1General (39)7.5.7.2Subspan oscillation (41)7.5.7.3Aeolian vibration (41)7.6Tests to characterise elastomers (43)7.6.1General (43)7.6.2Tests (43)7.6.3Ozone resistance test (47)7.7Electrical tests (47)7.7.1Corona and radio interference voltage (RIV) tests (47)7.7.2Electrical resistance test (47)7.8Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle-spacer system (49)Annex A (normative) Minimum technical details to be agreed betweenpurchaser and supplier (65)Annex B (informative) Compressive forces in the simulated short-circuit current test (67)Annex C (informative) Characterisation of the elastic and damping propertiesStiffness-Damping Method (71)Annex D (informative) Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle/spacer system (75)Bibliography (81)Figures (51)Table 1 – Tests on spacers (21)Table 2 – Tests on elastomers (45)– 6 –61854 © CEI:1998 COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE––––––––––LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISESAVANT-PROPOS1)La CEI (Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composéede l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes internationales.Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.2)Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesuredu possible un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.3)Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiéscomme normes, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les Comités nationaux.4)Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer defaçon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.5)La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilitén’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent fairel’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.La Norme internationale CEI 61854 a été établie par le comité d'études 11 de la CEI: Lignes aériennes.Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:FDIS Rapport de vote11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDLe rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme.L’annexe A fait partie intégrante de cette norme.Les annexes B, C et D sont données uniquement à titre d’information.61854 © IEC:1998– 7 –INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION––––––––––OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERSFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees.3)The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61854 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead lines.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:FDIS Report on voting11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.Annexes B, C and D are for information only.– 8 –61854 © CEI:1998LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISES1 Domaine d'applicationLa présente Norme internationale s'applique aux entretoises destinées aux faisceaux de conducteurs de lignes aériennes. Elle recouvre les entretoises rigides, les entretoises flexibles et les entretoises amortissantes.Elle ne s'applique pas aux espaceurs, aux écarteurs à anneaux et aux entretoises de mise à la terre.NOTE – La présente norme est applicable aux pratiques de conception de lignes et aux entretoises les plus couramment utilisées au moment de sa rédaction. Il peut exister d'autres entretoises auxquelles les essais spécifiques décrits dans la présente norme ne s'appliquent pas.Dans de nombreux cas, les procédures d'essai et les valeurs d'essai sont convenues entre l'acheteur et le fournisseur et sont énoncées dans le contrat d'approvisionnement. L'acheteur est le mieux à même d'évaluer les conditions de service prévues, qu'il convient d'utiliser comme base à la définition de la sévérité des essais.La liste des informations techniques minimales à convenir entre acheteur et fournisseur est fournie en annexe A.2 Références normativesLes documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Tout document normatif est sujet à révision et les parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.CEI 60050(466):1990, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) – Chapitre 466: Lignes aériennesCEI 61284:1997, Lignes aériennes – Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipementCEI 60888:1987, Fils en acier zingué pour conducteurs câblésISO 34-1:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 1: Eprouvettes pantalon, angulaire et croissantISO 34-2:1996, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 2: Petites éprouvettes (éprouvettes de Delft)ISO 37:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination des caractéristiques de contrainte-déformation en traction61854 © IEC:1998– 9 –OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERS1 ScopeThis International Standard applies to spacers for conductor bundles of overhead lines. It covers rigid spacers, flexible spacers and spacer dampers.It does not apply to interphase spacers, hoop spacers and bonding spacers.NOTE – This standard is written to cover the line design practices and spacers most commonly used at the time of writing. There may be other spacers available for which the specific tests reported in this standard may not be applicable.In many cases, test procedures and test values are left to agreement between purchaser and supplier and are stated in the procurement contract. The purchaser is best able to evaluate the intended service conditions, which should be the basis for establishing the test severity.In annex A, the minimum technical details to be agreed between purchaser and supplier are listed.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60050(466):1990, International Electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 466: Overhead linesIEC 61284:1997, Overhead lines – Requirements and tests for fittingsIEC 60888:1987, Zinc-coated steel wires for stranded conductorsISO 34-1:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piecesISO 34-2:1996, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 2: Small (Delft) test piecesISO 37:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain properties– 10 –61854 © CEI:1998 ISO 188:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Essais de résistance au vieillissement accéléré ou à la chaleurISO 812:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la fragilité à basse températureISO 815:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la déformation rémanente après compression aux températures ambiantes, élevées ou bassesISO 868:1985, Plastiques et ébonite – Détermination de la dureté par pénétration au moyen d'un duromètre (dureté Shore)ISO 1183:1987, Plastiques – Méthodes pour déterminer la masse volumique et la densitérelative des plastiques non alvéolairesISO 1431-1:1989, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Résistance au craquelage par l'ozone – Partie 1: Essai sous allongement statiqueISO 1461,— Revêtements de galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis ferreux – Spécifications1) ISO 1817:1985, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de l'action des liquidesISO 2781:1988, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la masse volumiqueISO 2859-1:1989, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 1: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles lot par lot, indexés d'après le niveau de qualité acceptable (NQA)ISO 2859-2:1985, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 2: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles de lots isolés, indexés d'après la qualité limite (QL)ISO 2921:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination des caractéristiques à basse température – Méthode température-retrait (essai TR)ISO 3417:1991, Caoutchouc – Détermination des caractéristiques de vulcanisation à l'aide du rhéomètre à disque oscillantISO 3951:1989, Règles et tables d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par mesures des pourcentages de non conformesISO 4649:1985, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion à l'aide d'un dispositif à tambour tournantISO 4662:1986, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résilience de rebondissement des vulcanisats––––––––––1) A publierThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication61854 © IEC:1998– 11 –ISO 188:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Accelerated ageing or heat-resistance testsISO 812:1991, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature brittlenessISO 815:1991, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperaturesISO 868:1985, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 1183:1987, Plastics – Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plasticsISO 1431-1:1989, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Resistance to ozone cracking –Part 1: static strain testISO 1461, — Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products – Specifications1)ISO 1817:1985, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of the effect of liquidsISO 2781:1988, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of densityISO 2859-1:1989, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspectionISO 2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality level (LQ) for isolated lot inspectionISO 2921:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature characteristics –Temperature-retraction procedure (TR test)ISO 3417:1991, Rubber – Measurement of vulcanization characteristics with the oscillating disc curemeterISO 3951:1989, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconformingISO 4649:1985, Rubber – Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum deviceISO 4662:1986, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates–––––––––1) To be published.。
美国康普推出全新超高密度光缆解决方案
信息之窗明展览会。
为顺应建筑业环保楼宇的发展趋势,展会以智能建筑设计及楼宇自动化技术作为展会主题,以“建筑电工电气”为专题,增设建筑电工电气专业展区,涵盖供配变电设备及电气产品,电气节能改造装置,开关、插座、智能系统,电器附件及电工材料,电源、仪器、仪表及工具,控制系统及调光设备。
通过展示新技术、新设备、新产品,促进建筑领域的交流与合作,引领中国建筑工程与技术的发展趋势,为参展企业以及工程设计、采购、集成、业主等产业链各环节提供一个交流和合作的商务平台。
(本刊编辑部 供稿)2010第四届成都国际绿色建筑与建筑节能技术产品展览会9月举行 2010第四届成都国际绿色建筑与建筑节能技术产品展览会将于2010年9月1—3日在成都世纪城国际会展中心举办。
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(本刊编辑部 供稿)产品信息美国康普推出全新超高密度光缆解决方案 2010年5月21日,美国康普旗下的企业解决方案部门为需要更多空间和更高性能物理层连接的数据中心推出了全新的SYSTI M AX360超高密度(UHD)光缆解决方案。
由康普实验室开发的SY STI M AX360UH D光缆解决方案系统旨在支持存储局域网络(S A N s)等高密度数据中心的光缆应用。
近年来,企业数据中心对密度、计算机负载和存储的需求与日俱增,康普SY STI M AX360 U D解决方案能够实现前所未有的网络架构,不仅能让迁徙路径拥有下一代数据传输速率,而且能大幅降低成本,节省地面及机柜空间。
莱迪思和HELION TECHNOLOGY发布用于LattjceECP3压缩／加密IP核
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Glider Flying Handbook说明书
Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。
眼见为实：超高速视频级原子力显微镜实时成像CRISPR基因编辑过程
眼见为实：超高速视频级原子力显微镜实时成像观察CRISPR基因编辑过程北京佰司特科技有限责任公司自2012年以来，研究人员常用一种叫做CRISPR的强大“基因组编辑”技术对生物的DNA序列进行修剪、切断、替换或添加。
CRISPR来自微生物的免疫系统，这种工程编辑系统利用一种酶，能把一段作为引导工具的小RNA切入DNA，就能在此处切断或做其他改变。
CRISPR已经成为生命科学领域受关注的基因编辑技术，其效果得到大家一致认可。
虽然科学家可通过RT-PCR、WB等方法间接证明CRISPR的功能，但仍未有直接的证据来证实。
究其原因：一是生物分子间的相互作用速率快，需要高速的成像手段才能捕捉到；二是生物分子比较小，通常为纳米级，普通显微镜由于受光学衍射限所限不能分辨。
日本Kanazawa University的科学家利用超高速视频级原子力显微镜（High-Speed Atomic Force Microscope，HS-AFM）实时成像，成功观察到了CRISPR基因编辑的过程，为CRISPR技术的有效性提供了直接的证据。
超高速视频级原子力显微镜（High-Speed Atomic Force Microscope，HS-AFM）由日本Kanazawa 大学Prof. Ando 教授团队研发，日本RIBM公司（生体分子计测研究所株式会社，Research Institute of Biomolecule Metrology Co., Ltd）商业化的产品，可以达到视频级成像的商业化原子力显微镜。
HS-AFM突破了传统原子力显微镜“扫描成像速慢”的限制，能够在液体环境下超快速动态成像，分辨率为纳米水平。
样品无需特殊固定，不影响生物分子的活性，尤其适用于生物大分子互作动态观测。
超高速视频级原子力显微镜HS-AFM主要有两种型号，SS-NEX样品扫描（Sample-Scanning HS-AFM）以及PS-NEX 探针扫描（Probe-Scanning HS-AFM）。
达尔文（DLP）图像引擎天花板模式（镜像翻转）- 本机分辨率WXGA（1280 x 800）- 自动
PROJECTION SYSTEM CONVENIENCE FEATURES CONT.Projection Type DLP Picture Engine Ceiling Mode (Image Flip)●Native Resolution WXGA (1280 x 800)Automatic Standby ●Lightsource RGB LEDContrast Ratio DLP High Contrast RatioCONNECTIONS Brightness 800 Lumen REAR LED Light Source 30,000 hours Antenna ● (1)Operation Noise26dB - 34dBHDMI● (1)VGA/Component Input ● (Shared)BROADCASTING SYSTEM A/V (Composite/Audio) Input● (1)Tuner MPEG-2/4 DVB-T2USB 2.0 Input● (1)HbbTV -Headphone (3.5mm) Output ● (1)Closed Caption CompatibleKensington Lock Compatible Tripod Mount Hole CompatiblePROJECTION IMAGE Native Aspect Ratio 16:10SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES Throw Ratio1.5Remote Control● (1)1.3m Distance = 40"Power Supply Adaptor (100V - 240V)● (1)2.6m Distance = 80"AV Composite Video/Audio Adaptor ● (1)3.25m Distance = 100"Instruction Manual Booklet, CD ZoomFixedCarry Bag ● (1)Aspect Ratio Modes 4:3/Just/Auto/16:9/Cinema Zoom/Full)Battery (AAA)● (2)Picture ModesVivid/Standard/Eco/Cinema/Game/ExpertDigital Keystone Adjustment ●DIMENSIONS Manual Focus Adjustment ●W x H x D 140mm x 140mm x 50mm Net Weight620gINPUT SIGNAL COMPATIBILITY HDMI 1080p/1080i/720p/576p/576i/480p WARRANTYVGAup to WSXGA+ (1680x1050@60Hz) 3 Year Warranty - Parts and Labour Component Video 1080p/1080i/720p/576p/576i/480p/480iComposite Video 576i/480i EANHD Tuner 1080i/720p/576i88060872670133D FURTHER INFORMATION3D Type DLP Link Compatible 3D Glasses 1Sold SeparatelyAUDIOAudio Decoder DTS/Dolby Digital/AAC/PCMSpeaker StereoAudio Output 1W+1W Total Audio OutputSound ModesStandard/Music/Cinema/Sport/Game/UserCONVENIENCE FEATURES Quick Power On10 secondsFile Office ViewerXLS, DOC, PPT, XLSX, PPTX, DOCX, PDFUSB Video Playback FormatsDivX (XViD, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC)/WMV/AVI/M4V/MOV/MPG/MPEG/M2TS/MKV/TS/TPUSB Music Playback Formats MP3/AC3/MPEG/AAC/CDDA/LPCMUSB Photo Playback Formats JPEG MHL 2●Intel's Wireless Display (WiDi ®)3●Automatic Keystone (Vertical)●Miracast 4●PW800 (MiniBeam)High Definition LED DLP Projector with HDTV Tuner^ Recommended Retail Price (RRP). Prices subject to change and does not include retailer charges.1 Glasses available for purchase separately from DLP Link suppliers.2 MHL enabled Android Smartphone or Tablet & MHL cable required (sold separately).3 Intel WiDi® enabled PC must be in range of the projector4 Miracast compatible Android™ device required for this feature.All product specifications correct at time of printing. Specifications may change without prior notice. Customers are advised to check with your retailer before purchase.High Definition LED DLP Projector with HDTV TunerDesignPicture QualityConvenience FeaturesAudioLaunch DetailsCompact Design White Colour Joystick ControlSky Blue Colour CoverWXGA (1280x800)DLP Picture Engine 800 LumenDLP High Contrast RatioHDTV TunerUSB Media Playback30,000 hour LED Light Source Intel's Wireless Display (WiDi®)3D Compatible2W Total Audio Out Headphone OutputLong Lasting LED Light SourceIf you're concerned with bulb-life, don't be. Unlike conventional lamp-based projectors, LED light sources can last up to 30,000 hours. Thatequates to 4 hours viewing per day for 20 years.PW800 (MiniBeam)Experience TV on the big screen!Excellent ConnectivityThe MiniBeam range has excellent connectivity. Watch videos directly from a USB stick on your MiniBeam without the need of a PC. The MiniBeam supports a wide range of file formats, including: DivX HD, MP3, Photo and Microsoft® Office documents. MiniBeam also supports high definition sources such as Blu-ray, game consoles, HDMI and Cable TV. With built-in Miracast and Intel WiDi technology users can wirelessly share content from compatible phones, tablets and computers.Versatility meets portability with the PW800, featuring 800 Lumen brightness, High Definition native resolution and high contrast ratio.Watch the big game and other broadcast TV shows up to100", directly from the built-in HDTV tuner.A wide range of connectivity options ensures users can display their presentation -whether that be from phone, tablet or a document directly off a USB drive.The long lasting LED light source runs cooler than a conventional lamp -based projector and can last up to 30,000 hours.HDTV TunerThe PW800 is able to receive HDTV signals via the antenna input. Experience the big game or your favourite TV show -on a screen up to 100" from 3.25m.Available:May 2015RRP^: $1099。
FANUC 维修说明书
- 请不要拆毁标牌。 标牌脱落时，注意保管。如果不知道电机的规格有可能会无法维护。如果是 内置主轴电机，必须附加在主轴上。
- 请不要让电机受到冲击和损伤。 这样会给电机的零部件带来不利的影响，从而导致电机不能正常运转。另 外，塑料部分、传感器和绕组等部件属于易损件，所以操作的时候需要十分 小心。特别要避免利用塑料部分、绕组和动力线抬起电机。
1.3.1.1 警告 ............................................................................................ s-8 1.3.1.2 注意 ............................................................................................ s-9 1.3.1.3 注释 .......................................................................................... s-10 1.3.2 试运行时的警告及注意................................................................. s-11 1.3.2.1 警告 .......................................................................................... s-11 1.3.2.2 注意 .......................................................................................... s-12 1.3.3 维护时的警告及注意..................................................................... s-13 1.3.3.1 警告 .......................................................................................... s-13 1.3.3.2 注意 .......................................................................................... s-14 1.3.3.3 注释 .......................................................................................... s-14
KLA—Tencor将WPI技术优势推广到所有光罩类型
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KLA-Tencor公司介绍
＿ 、 勾半 导 体 、 数 据 存 储 、 Ｌ Ｅ Ｄ 及 其 他 相 关 纳 米 电 子 产 业 提 供 工 艺 控 制 与 良率 管 理 的 解 决 方 案 。 公 司 总 部位 于 美 国 加 州 米 尔 皮 塔 斯 市 ，并 在 世 界 各 地 设 有 专 属 的 客 户 运 营 与 服 务 中心 。在 中 国 ， 以色 列 ，新加坡和德 国， Ｋ Ｌ Ａ． Ｔ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｏ ｒ 还 设 有 重 要 的制 造与研 发 （ Ｒ＆Ｄ） 中心 ， 其 技 术 支 持 与 销 售 中心 亦 遍布欧洲 ， 美 国， 日本 和 亚 太 地 区 。 从研 发到批 量生产 ， Ｋ Ｌ Ａ ． Ｔ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｏ ｒ 协 助 纳 米 电
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流量传感器说明书
No. PF※※-OMK0004-FFlow sensorPFMV5##Safety Instructions 2 Model Indication and How to Order 10 Summary of Product parts 12 Definition and terminology 13 Mounting and Installation 14 Installation 14 Piping 16 Wiring 17 Troubleshooting 18 Specifications 19 Specifications 19 Characteristics data 20 Dimensions 22Safety InstructionsThese safety instructions are intended to prevent hazardous situations and/or equipment damage. These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard with the labels of "Caution", "Warning" or "Danger". They are all important notes for safety and must be followed in addition to International Standards (ISO/IEC)*1), and other safety regulations.*1) ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems.ISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems.IEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery -- Electrical equipment of machines .(Part 1: General requirements)ISO 10218: Manipulating industrial robots -Safety.etc.Caution Caution indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if not avoided, couldresult in minor or moderate injury.Warning Warning indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not avoided,could result in death or serious injury.Danger Danger indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if not avoided, willresult in death or serious injury.Warning1. The compatibility of the product is the responsibility of the person who designs theequipment or decides its specifications.Since the product specified here is used under various operating conditions, its compatibility with specific equipment must be decided by the person who designs the equipment or decides its specifications based on necessary analysis and test results.The expected performance and safety assurance of the equipment will be the responsibility of theperson who has determined its compatibility with the product.This person should also continuously review all specifications of the product referring to its latest catalog information, with a view to giving due consideration to any possibility of equipment failure whenconfiguring the equipment.2. Only personnel with appropriate training should operate machinery and equipment.The product specified here may become unsafe if handled incorrectly.The assembly, operation and maintenance of machines or equipment including our products must be performed by an operator who is appropriately trained and experienced.3. Do not service or attempt to remove product and machinery/equipment until safety isconfirmed.1. The inspection and maintenance of machinery/equipment should only be performed after measures toprevent falling or runaway of the driven objects have been confirmed.2. When the product is to be removed, confirm that the safety measures as mentioned above areimplemented and the power from any appropriate source is cut, and read and understand the specific product precautions of all relevant products carefully.3. Before machinery/equipment is restarted, take measures to prevent unexpected operation and malfunction.4. Contact SMC beforehand and take special consideration of safety measures if theproduct is to be used in any of the following conditions.1. Conditions and environments outside of the given specifications, or use outdoors or in a placeexposed to direct sunlight.2. Installation on equipment in conjunction with atomic energy, railways, air navigation, space, shipping,vehicles, military, medical treatment, combustion and recreation, or equipment in contact with food and beverages, emergency stop circuits, clutch and brake circuits in press applications, safety equipment or other applications unsuitable for the standard specifications described in the product catalog.3. An application which could have negative effects on people, property, or animals requiring specialsafety analysis.4. Use in an interlock circuit, which requires the provision of double interlock for possible failure by usinga mechanical protective function, and periodical checks to confirm proper operation.Safety InstructionsCaution1.The product is provided for use in manufacturing industries.The product herein described is basically provided for peaceful use in manufacturing industries.If considering using the product in other industries, consult SMC beforehand and exchangespecifications or a contract if necessary.If anything is unclear, contact your nearest sales branch.Limited warranty and Disclaimer/Compliance RequirementsThe product used is subject to the following "Limited warranty and Disclaimer" and "Compliance Requirements".Read and accept them before using the product.Limited warranty and Disclaimer1. The warranty period of the product is 1 year in service or 1.5 years after the product isdelivered, whichever is first.*2)Also, the product may have specified durability, running distance or replacement parts.Please consult your nearest sales branch.2. For any failure or damage reported within the warranty period which is clearly ourresponsibility, a replacement product or necessary parts will be provided.This limited warranty applies only to our product independently, and not to any otherdamage incurred due to the failure of the product.3. Prior to using SMC products, please read and understand the warranty terms anddisclaimers noted in the specified catalog for the particular products.*2) Vacuum pads are excluded from this 1 year warranty.A vacuum pad is a consumable part, so it is warranted for a year after it is delivered.Also, even within the warranty period, the wear of a product due to the use of thevacuum pad or failure due to the deterioration of rubber material are not covered by the limited warranty.Compliance Requirements1. The use of SMC products with production equipment for the manufacture of weapons ofmass destruction (WMD) or any other weapon is strictly prohibited.2. The exports of SMC products or technology from one country to another are governed bythe relevant security laws and regulation of the countries involved in the transaction. Prior to the shipment of a SMC product to another country, assure that all local rules governing that export are known and followed.CautionSMC products are not intended for use as instruments for legal metrology.Products that SMC manufactures or sells are not measurement instruments that are qualified by pattern approval tests relating to the measurement laws of each country.Therefore, SMC products cannot be used for business or certification ordained by the measurement laws of each country.■NOTE○Follow the instructions given below when designing, selecting and handling the product.●The instructions on design and selection (installation, wiring, environment, adjustment, operation,maintenance, etc.) described below must also be followed.*Product specifications∙The direct current power supply used should be UL approved as follows.Circuit (Class 2) of maximum 30 Vrms (42.4 V peak) or less, with UL1310 Class 2 power supply unit or UL1585 Class 2 transformer.∙The product is a UL approved product only if it has a mark on the body.∙Use the specified voltage.Otherwise failure or malfunction can result.Insufficient supply voltage may not drive a load due to a voltage drop inside the product.Verify the operating voltage of the load before use.∙Do not exceed the specified maximum allowable load.Otherwise it can cause damage or shorten the lifetime of the product.∙Applicable operating fluid depends on the product.Check the details of the specifications before using.∙Before designing piping confirm the pressure loss at the sensor from the pressure loss graph.Confirm pressure loss of the sensor from the characteristics data.∙For the details of compressed air quality, refer to ISO 8573-1, 1.1.2 to 1.6.2.∙Use the specified measurement flow rate and operating pressure.Otherwise it can cause damage to the product or inability to measure correctly.∙Reserve a space for maintenance.Allow sufficient space for maintenance when designing the system.●Product handling*Installation∙Tighten to the specified tightening torque.If the tightening torque is exceeded the mounting screws and brackets may damaged.If the tightening torque is insufficient, the product may be displaced and the mounting screws may come loose (Refer to page 14”Mounting and Installation”.)∙Ensure that the FG terminal is connected to ground when using a commercially available switch-mode power supply.∙Do not drop, hit or apply excessive shock to the product.Otherwise damage to the internal parts can result, causing malfunction.∙Do not pull the lead wire forcefully, or lift the product by the lead wire. (Tensile force 49 N or less)Hold the product body when handling, to prevent damage, failure or malfunction∙When connecting the piping, hold the specified part of the body with a spanner.Hold the product body when handling, to prevent damage, failure or malfunction∙Any dust left in the piping should be flushed out by air blow before connecting the piping to the product.Otherwise it can cause damage or malfunction.∙Refer to the flow direction of the fluid indicated on the product label for installation and piping.∙Do not mount the body with the bottom facing upwards.Retention of air can cause inability to measure accurately.∙Do not insert metal wires or other foreign matter into the piping port.This can damage the sensor causing failure or malfunction.∙Never mount a product in a location that will be used as a foothold.The product may be damaged if excessive force is applied by stepping or climbing onto it.∙If there is a risk of foreign matter entering the fluid, install and pipe a filter or the mist separator at the inlet to avoid failure and malfunction.Refer to the figure below for the recommended pneumatic circuit.*Wiring∙Do not pull the lead wires.In particular, never lift a product equipped with fitting and piping by holding the lead wires.Otherwise damage to the internal parts can result, causing malfunction.∙Avoid repeatedly bending or stretching the lead wire, or placing heavy loads on itRepeated bending stress or tensile stress can cause damage to the sheath, or breakage of the wires.If the lead wire can move, fix it near the body of the product.The recommended bend radius of the lead wire is 6 times the outside diameter of the sheath, or 33 times the outside diameter of the wire insulation material, whichever is larger.Replace any damaged lead wire with a new one.∙Wire correctly.Incorrect wiring can damage the product.∙Do not perform wiring while the power is on.Otherwise damage to the internal parts can result, causing malfunction.∙Do not route wires and cables together with power or high voltage cables.Otherwise the product can malfunction due to interference or noise and surge voltage from power and high voltage cables.∙Confirm proper insulation of wiring.Poor insulation (interference from another circuit, poor insulation between terminals, etc.) can lead to excess voltage or current being applied to the product, causing damage.∙Keep wiring as short as possible to prevent interference from electromagnetic noise and surge voltage.Do not use a cable longer than 30 m.Wire the DC (-) line (blue) as close as possible to the power supply.∙When analogue output is used, install a noise filter (line noise filter, ferrite element, etc.) between the switch-mode power supply and this product.*Environment∙Do not use the product in area that is exposed to corrosive gases, chemicals, sea water, water or steam.Otherwise failure or malfunction can result.∙Do not use in a place where the product could be splashed by oil or chemicals.If the product is to be used in an environment containing oils or chemicals such as coolant or cleaning solvent, even for a short time, it may be adversely affected (damage, malfunction, or hardening of the lead wires)∙Do not use in an area where electrical surges are generated.If there is equipment generates large electrical surges (solenoid type lifter, high frequency induction furnace, motor, etc.) close to the product, damage or failure of the internal circuit may occur. Take measures against the surge sources, and prevent the wires from coming into close contact.∙Do not use a load which generates a surge voltage.When a surge-generating load such as a relay or solenoid is driven directly, use a product with a built-in surge absorbing element.∙The product is CE marked, but not immune to lightning strikes. Take measures against lightning strikes in the system.∙Do not use the product in areas that are exposed to vibration or impact.Otherwise failure or malfunction can result.∙Do not use the product in the presence of a magnetic field.This may lead to the malfunction of the product.∙Prevent foreign matter such as wire debris from entering the product.Otherwise failure or malfunction can result.∙Do not use the product in areas subject to large temperature cycle.Heating/cooling cycles other than ordinary changes in temperature can adversely affect the internal structure of the product∙Do not expose the product to direct sunlight.If using in a location directly exposed to sunlight, use a suitable protective cover.Otherwise failure or malfunction can result.∙Keep within the operating fluid temperature and operating temperatures range.The operating fluid temperature and operating temperature range is 0 to 50 o C.Operation below the minimum temperature limit may cause damage or operation failure due to frozen moisture in the fluid or air.Protection against freezing is necessary.An air dryer is recommended for elimination of drainage and water.Avoid sudden temperature changes even within the specified temperature range.∙Do not operate close to a heat source, or in a location exposed to radiant heat.Otherwise malfunction can result.*Adjustment and Operation∙Do not short-circuit the load.When the product load is short circuit, generated excess current lead to cause the damage of the product.∙Supply the power when there is no flow.∙If using the product to detect very small flow rates, warm up the product for 10 to 15 minutes first.There will be a drift on the analogue output of approximate ±2 to 30% immediately after supply is turn on. Within 10 minutes.∙Check regulators and flow adjustment valves before introducing the fluid.∙Pay attention to the response speed.When the sensor is used to check the suction, the response speed of the sensor might be delayed due to the piping volume between the suction nozzle and sensor. Therefore, take measures to reduce the piping volume.*Maintenance∙Perform regular maintenance and inspections.There is a risk of unexpected malfunction.∙Turn off the power supply, stop the supplied air, exhaust the residual pressure and verify the release of air before performing maintenance.There is a risk of unexpected malfunction.∙Perform drainage regularly.If condensate enters the secondary side, it can cause operating failure of pneumatic equipment.∙Do not use solvents such as benzene, thinner etc. to clean the product.They could damage the surface of the body and erase the markings on the body.Use a soft cloth to remove stains.For heavy stains, use a cloth lightly dampened with diluted neutral detergent, then wipe up any residue with a dry cloth.: Each accessory is not assembled with the product, but shipped together. Accessories/Part number■InstallationWhen the product is installed in a vertical direction, a natural convection is generated due to the sensor characteristics around the zero flow range, so there is a possibility that an error up to approximately 3%F.S.might be generated. Install the product taking this into consideration.Direct mounting∙Install the product using the M3 screws (2 pcs.).Bracket mounting∙Mount the bracket using the mounting screws (M3 x 15 L) supplied.∙The required tightening torque is 0.32±0.02 Nm.∙Install the product (with bracket) using the M4 screws (2 pcs. or 4 pcs.).∙Bracket thickness is approximately 1 mm.∙Refer to the dimension drawing of the bracket (page 22) for mounting hole dimensions.Manifold mounting∙Mount the bracket using the mounting screws supplied.∙The required tightening torque is 0.32 ± 0.02 Nm.∙Mounting in series using the mounting brackets is not suitable for all models, depending on which fitting type is used.∙Install the product (with bracket) using the M4 screws (4 pcs.).∙Bracket thickness is approximately 1 mm.∙Refer to the dimension drawing of the bracket (page 22) for mounting hole dimensions.■Piping∙The required tightening torque of the fitting is 1 to 1.5 Nm.∙If the tightening torque is exceeded, the product can be broken. If the tightening torque is insufficient, the fittings may become loose.∙When connecting the piping, hold the specified part of the body with a spanner.Using a spanner on other parts may damage the product.∙Avoid any sealing tape from entering inside the piping.∙Ensure that there is no leakage from loose piping.∙Avoid sudden changes in the piping size on the IN side of the sensor.∙Use this product within the specified operating pressure and temperature ranges.∙Use this product within the rated flow range.∙Proof pressure is 500 kPa.PFMV5 series recommended fitting list■WiringWiring of connector∙Connections should only be made with the power supply turned off.∙Use separate routes for the product wiring and any power or high voltage wiring.Otherwise, malfunction may result due to noise.∙Ensure that the FG terminal is connected to ground when using a commercially available switch-mode power supply. When a switch-mode power supply is connected to the product, switching noise will be superimposed and the product specification can no longer be met. This can be prevented by inserting a noise filter, such as a line noise filter and ferrite core, between the switch-mode power supply and the product, or by using a series power supply instead of a switch-mode power supply.Internal circuit and wiring exampleAnalogue output: 1 to 5 VOutput impedance: approx. 1 kΩTroubleshootingIf an operation failure occurs with the product, use the chart below to find out the cause of the problem. If none of the countermeasures seem to be applicable, or a replacement product operates normally when installed, the product may be faulty. A product can be damaged by the operating environment (system configuration etc). If the product seems to be faulty, please contact SMC.*1: Flow in the specification is the value at standard condition.*2: Analogue output shows 3 V when flow is zero. Changes to 5 V side when flow direction is IN→OUT. 1 V side when OUT→IN. *3: %F.S. in the table takes 4 V (1 to 5 V) as a full scale.*4: 0 kPa means release to the atmosphere.*5: Refer to the Analogue output characteristics.■Characteristics data●Analogue output characteristics (Non-linear output)●Pressure loss●Nozzle diameter and flow characteristics (Approximate values)Refer to catalog for details.■Dimensions (in mm)PFMV5□□PFMV5□□ + L-type bracketMount on one side Mount on both sides4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANTel: + 81 3 5207 8249 Fax: +81 3 5298 5362URL Note: Specifications are subject to change without prior notice and any obligation on the part of the manufacturer.。
KLA—TENCOR推出PROLITH TM 12
两公司发表联合公告表示 ， 根据协议 ， 南通富士
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辨率方面 ， 此传感器可以达到 １０ ｐ 的数据输出速 ２ ｓ ｆ 率 ，符合慢动作视讯影片的需求 。 ０ ８ １ 可透过 Ｖ ８０ 双信道高速 Ｍ Ｐ 接 口或并 行接 口支持 ８１／２ ＩＩ ／ １ 位 ０ 的 Ｒ Ｗ Ｇ Ａ Ｒ Ｂ数据 。
这是一款业界领先的新版计算光刻工具。此新版工 具让领先的芯片制造商及研发机构的研究人员能够 以具有成本效益的方式探索与极紫外线 （ Ｕ 光 Ｅ Ｖ）
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利用一片重构晶圆的两面 ， 提供集成度更高 、 接触单
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KLA-Tencor宣布推出Kronos^TM1080和ICOS^TMF160检测系统：拓展IC封装
总第272期）Oct 援2018宣布推出Kronos TM 1080和ICOS TM F160检测系统：拓展IC 《电子工业专用设备》讯日前KLA-Tencor 公司（纳斯达克股票代码：KLAC ）宣布推出两款全新缺陷检测产品，旨在解决各类集成电路（IC ）所面临的封装挑战。
Kronos TM 1080系统为先进封装提供适合量产、高灵敏度的晶圆检测，为工艺控制和材料处置提供关键信息。
ICOS TM F160系统在晶圆切割后对封装进行检查，根据关键缺陷的类型进行准确快速的芯片分类，其中包括对侧壁裂缝这一新缺陷类型（影响高端封装良率）的检测。
这两款全新检测系统加入KLA-Tencor 缺陷检测、量测和数据分析系统的产品系列，将进一步协助提高封装良率以及芯片分类精度。
“随着芯片缩小的速度逐渐放缓，芯片封装技术的进步已成为推动元件性能的重要因素，”KLA-Tencor 高级副总裁兼首席营销官Oreste Donzella 表示：“针对不同的元件应用，封装芯片需要同时满足各种元件性能、功耗、外形尺寸和成本的目标。
因此，封装设计更加复杂多样，具有不同的2D 和3D 结构，并且每一代都更加密集而且尺寸更小。
与此同时，封装芯片的价值在大幅增长，电子制造商对于产品质量和可靠性的期望也在不断地提升。
为了满足这些期望，无论是芯片制造厂的后道工序还是在外包装配测试（OSAT ）的工厂，封装厂商都需要灵敏度和成本效益更高的检测、量测和数据分析，同时需要更准确地识别残次品。
我们的工程团队因而开发出全新Kronos 1080和ICOS F160系统，可以针对各种封装类型，满足电子行业对于适合量产的缺陷检测不断增长的需求”。
Kronos 1080系统旨在检测先进晶圆级封装工艺步骤，为在线工艺控制提供各种缺陷类型的信息。
先进封装技术必然包含更小的特征、更高密度的金属图案和多层再分布层-所有这些都对检测不断地提出更高要求，并要求创新的解决方案。
KLA-Tencor推出晶圆全面检测与检查系列产品应对10纳米良率挑战
２０１６上 为 前 沿 集 成 电 路 制 造 推 出 了 六 套 先 进 的 工 艺和 良率 改善 。这 套解 决 方案 可 帮助 集 成 电路制
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陷 的 发现 与控 制 。
所 有 工 艺 层 上 的 良率 相 关 缺 陷侦 测 均 能 达 到 最 佳
ＫＬＡ．Ｔｅｎｃｏｒ晶 圆 检 测 事 业 部 执 行 副 总 裁 对 比度 。两款 宽波段等离子光学检测仪可在大约
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代 ） 和 ２９３０ 系 列 宽 波 段 等 离 子 光 学 检 测 仪 、 工艺 系 统缺 陷相 关 的工艺 窗 口检 测和 良率损 失 。
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感光芯片技术发展史
感光芯片技术发展史
感光芯片技术发展史可以追溯到19世纪初期，当时人们开始尝试将感光材料用于摄影和印刷领域。
1840年，英国化学家威廉·亨利·福克斯·塔尔博特首先使用银盐和日光制作了第一张摄影胶片。
随着时间的推移，感光材料得到了不断改进和完善。
1887年，美国科学家汉密尔顿·史密斯发明了半导体光电效应，开始了感光器件的研究。
20世纪初，德国物理学家霍曼·库腊斯发明了第一个真正意义上的光电二极管，为感光芯片技术的发展奠定了基础。
20世纪50年代，美国贝尔实验室的物理学家威廉·肖克利发明了第一只真正的固体成像器件，即肖克利管。
这一发明为后来的感光芯片技术发展提供了重要的思路。
1970年代初期，美国高科技公司施乐公司推出了第一块数字图像传感器芯片（FASIN）。
它的发明标志着数字图像技术的起点。
1986年，美国康柏公司推出了第一块CCD图像传感器芯片，用于摄影、视频和医学成像等领域。
随着计算机技术、通讯技术和数字影像技术的迅猛发展，感光芯片技术也在不断创新和进步。
目前，感光芯片技术已成为数字影像化和电子信息化时代的重要组成部分，广泛应用于数字相机、手机摄像头、安防监控、医疗成像等领域。
扩展现实——写在苹果首款头戴式“空间计算”显示设备上市之际
财经大势FINANCIAL TREND瞭望扩展现实——写在苹果首款头戴式“空间计算”显示设备上市之际综合报道/本刊助理主笔 陈邦祺所谓XR，指的是通过计算机将真实与虚拟相结合，打造人机交互虚拟环境的多种相关技术的统称，包含VR（Virtual Reality 虚拟现实）、AR（Augmented Reality增强现实）、MR（Mixed Reality混合现实）。
相关预测显示，2024年全球XR市场规模将达到1055.8亿美元。
搭载顶级芯片、双眼8K分辨率Micro OLED屏幕、1TB闪存等多项先进硬件的Vision Pro自今年2月2日在美上市以来，可以说给XR市场打了一针“兴奋剂”，然而发售潮退去后却陷入了“冷热交织”的境地。
一边是“果粉”疯狂买单，一边是体验“翻车”退货不断。
就连业界资深人士的评价亦是先扬后抑：“毫无疑问，Apple Vision Pro代表了目前XR近眼显示的最高水准。
虽然苹果的入局将给行业带来巨大的关注度、流量与资本，但它还没能改变XR行业。
”如此微妙的处境，很难不让人想到那个著名的网络用语——“如来”（代指到底来没来的意思）。
对于XR产业来说，目前或许只有两件事是可以确定的：未来处于迷人的叠加态中，且没法遏制众人亲自体验一番的期待。
迷人的繁景从Google glasses到Vision Pro，XR的发展史就是一部互联网龙头争先抢入XR赛道的历史。
国企管理2024.572“苹果首款头戴式‘空间计算’显示设备Apple Vision Pro将于今年在中国市场上市”，苹果首席执行官库克最近在中国发展高层论坛2024年会上的官宣，激荡了整个XR行业。
一边是“果粉”疯狂买单，一边是“翻车”退货不断，这个年初在美上市后即处于尴尬境地的“XR王牌”真的能改变整个XR行业？有趣的是，相关媒体报道称，苹果一直在开发两种不同路线的XR系列：一种是滑雪镜一样的头戴式，就是如今Vision Pro的雏形；另一种则是“轻便不显眼”的苹果眼镜，仅重80克左右，可谓与普通眼镜无异。
这家微显示企业官宣其LCOS实现了12000PPI....
这家微显示企业官宣其LCOS实现了12000PPI....
Raontech 宣布已获得支持12,000 PPI的微型显示技术。
通过在微型显示器上实现高分辨率，它将瞄准增强现实 (AR) 设备市场。
Raontech主要产品
Raontech 在 1月12 日的业务说明会上透露了这一点。
CEO Kim Bo-eun 表示：我们通过硅液晶 (LCoS) 成功实现了 12,000 PPI。
PPI是1英寸能容纳的像素数，是表达精确图像的度量。
该公司解释说，12,000 PPI 是微显示器行业的最高水平。
LCoS是指通过在硅晶圆上应用液晶显示器（LCD）来实现超精细像素的技术，这种技术是将半导体和显示工艺融合在一起。
它对智能眼镜等设备很有用，因为它具有高分辨率并且可以制成微型显示器。
Raontech 以其微显示器瞄准全球市场。
它也被提供给高通 AR 玻璃参考模型。
该参考模型作为指南提供给AR 设备制造商，并于去年年底高通发布AR 半导体芯片“Snapdragon AR2”时发布。
由于它成为其他制造商的参考模型，因此有可能采用 Laontech 显示器。
代表理事金宝恩解释称：“我们在医疗解决方案和光通信领域以及AR设备领域已经获得了200多个客户，客户中有70%到80%是海外客户。
”
Raontech 在最近的技术评估中获得 A 级，并计划通过与 Daishin Balance No. 11 SPAC 合并，于 3 月进入 KOSDAQ。
上市后，它计划专注于确保全球客户和技术进步。
MicroDisplay译。
豪威科技推出行业首款1080PLCOS微显示器,专为头戴式显示AR应用设计
豪威科技推出行业首款1080PLCOS微显示器，专为
头戴式显示AR应用设计
加利福尼亚圣克拉拉– 2018年10月31日– 行业领先的数字图像解决方案开发商豪威科技（OmniVision Technologies）今日宣布推出行业首款具集成驱动和存储功能的1080p液晶覆硅（LCOS）微显示器——OP02220。
该微显示器具有紧凑设计、低功耗以及具性价比等特点，专为如眼镜和头戴式显示等需持久性，紧凑和轻量等要求的AR应用而设计。
随着游戏和工业领域对可穿戴AR微显示器需求的不断增长（其中包括虚拟产品测试及在职培训方面的应用），该领域将成为一个不断发展的新兴市场。
图：OP02220产品图。
“单芯片LCOS架构不仅完美符合紧凑和轻量系统的需求，同时它也兼具散热功能，能耗低，可有效延长电池使用寿命，这些都是下一代AR眼镜的主要应用需求，”豪威科技产品市场部经理Sam Yoshikawa表示：“这些AR眼镜和其它头戴式设备需要集成许多零件，包括光学引擎和光源等。
通过将驱动功能集成到微显示器中，我们的OP02220显示器有效节省了电路板空间，。
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全新 第八代智能英特 尔⑩ 酷睿 Ⅷ处理器经全面优化
英特尔近 日发布了第八代智能英特尔＠酷睿 处理器家族的新成员——ｕ系列 （原代 号为 Ｗｈｉｓｋｅｙ Ｌａｋｅ）和 Ｙ系列 （原代号为 Ａｍｂｅｒ Ｌａｋｅ）。这两个系列首次针对轻薄笔记本电脑和 ２合 １ 产品的连接能力进行 了优化 ，同时具备卓越的移动性能和超长续航能力。
ＫＬＡ—Ｔｅｎｅｏｒ公司近 日宣布推出两款全新缺陷检测产品 ，旨在解决各类集成 电路 （Ｉｃ）所面临 的封装挑战。ＫｒｏｎｏｓＴ Ｍ １０８０系统为先进封装提供适合量产的、高灵敏度的晶片检测 ，为工艺控制和 材料处置提供关键的信息。ＩＣＯＳＴ Ｍ Ｆ１６０系统在晶片切割后对封装进行检查 ，根据关键缺陷的类型 进 行 准确 快 速 的芯 片分类 ，其 中包 括 对侧 壁 裂缝 这一 新 缺 陷类 型 （影 响高 端封 装 良率 ）的检 测 。这 两款 全新 检 测 系统加 入 ＫＬＡ—Ｔｅｎｃｏｒ缺 陷检 测 、量 测 和 数据 分 析 系统 的产 品 系列 ，将 进 一 步协 助 提 高 封装 良率 以及 芯 片分 类精 度 。 （来 自 ＫＬＡ－Ｔｅｎｃｏｒ）
Ｌ一 企业与产品
惹 【！ｊ
照 明管 理 器 之 外 ，艾迈 斯 半 导 体 还 提 供 了 配 套 的 新 一代智 能 可 调 白光照 明产 品 的开 发 ，从而 提供 给
ＡＰＩ．内含 一 个配 置 元 素库 ；各种 智 能 照 明 指 令 定 义 用户 更舒 适 、更高 生 产力 的室 内空 间 。四
结 论
年 ）。Ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｎｃｂｉ．ｎｌｍ．ｎｉｈ．ｇｎｖ／ｐｕｂｍｅｒｌ／２０６６９４３８．
综 上分析 ．ＡＳ７２２１提 供 的可 调 白光 照 明 的关 键 作 者简介
突破 在于 ：① 只需 要将 单 个模 块 和相关 的闪存 安 装 Ｍａｒｋ Ｓｈｅｐｈｅｒｄ是 艾 迈 斯 半 导 体 美 国西 北 地 区的 在靠 近 发光灯 串的位 置 就能轻 松 地实 现 连续 和精 确 现 场应 用＿Ｔ－程 师。他 从 ２Ｏ１ ０年 开始 就职 于 艾迈斯 半 的 闭环控 制 。②将 准 确 的 、生命 周期 中 只需 一次 校 导体 ，专注 于 电 源管理 领 域 。他 在 电 子行 业拥 有 ２０ 准的色彩传感器 和感知 照明引擎集成于 单一 模块 多年 的经验 ，毕 业 于 １日金 山州立 大学 ，获得 电气 工程 中 ．可实 现 整个 色 彩调节 功 能 ，并 支持 灵活 连接 外部 学士 学位 。 传 感器 以感 知 环境 。 因此 ，ＡＳ７２２１的推 出有 望 推动
英特 尔首次在该系列处理器上使用集成式千兆位 Ｗｉ—Ｆｉ和英特尔＠Ｗｉｒｅｌｅｓｓ—ＡＣ实现超快速 连接 ，让分享 、视频直播和下载速度更快 。搭配英特尔 ＬＴＥ调制解调器选项使用 ，消费者无论身处 何地 都 能够 实现 快 速连 接 。 （来 自英 特尔 ）
ＫＬＡ－Ｔｅｎｃｏｒ宣布推 出 Ｋｒｏｎｏｓ １ ０８０和 Ｉ ＣＯＳ Ｆ１ ６０检测 系统
形 用 户 界 面 （ＧＵＩ）也让 用 户 能 够 设 置 系统 测 试 并 睡 眠 不 足 ：一 个 有 待 解 决 的公 共 卫 生 问 题 （Ｓｌｅｅｐ
记 录测 试数 据 。
Ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｓ ａｎｄ Ｓｌｅｅｐ Ｄｅｐｒｉｖａｔｉｏｎ： Ａｎ Ｕｎｍｅｔ Ｐｕｂｌｉ（
Ｈｅａｈｈ Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ）（美 国 国 家 科 学 院 出 版 社 ，２００６
Байду номын сангаас
了在 不 同 色彩 和 亮度 设置 之 间 如 何转 换 。 因此 ，用
户能够 配 置 各种参 数 ，例 如转 换 开始 时 间 、转 换 速 参考文献
度 ，以 及初 始和最 终 的亮 度 等级 。基 于计 算机 的图 【１］Ｃｏｈｅｎ，Ｈ．Ｒ＆Ａｈｅｖｏｇｔ，Ｂ．Ｍ．（ｅｄｓ）睡 眠 障碍 和