Fall term idioms
Idioms 英语习语,谚语英汉解释
Unit 11) Burn the midnight oil熬夜读书，开夜车To study or work until late at night.2) Hit the books用功读书，与熬夜无关To study, especially with particular intensity3) Do back-breaking work劳累至极腰酸背痛的工作To do some physically difficult work and makes you very tired.4) Work like a dog拼命工作To work very hard.5) Fall down on the job敷衍了事，没做好工作Be incapable for a work.6) Work one’s fingers to the bone非常努力的工作To work very hard.Unit 21) Be a breeze像一缕清风一样很容易做 A thing that is easy to do.2) Have a green thumb擅长园艺To be good at gardening.3) Be easy as pie小菜一碟，小事一桩To be very easy.4) Have a golden touch点石成金，无所不能It means that you can do anything that you want to do.5) Have two left feet笨手笨脚To be very awkward in your movements, especially when you are dancing or playing a sport.6) Have a nose for something善于发现某物，有洞察力To be perspective and good at discovering.Unit 31) Down to earth脚踏实地，实事求是To do something with no illusions or pretensions, sensible and practical. 2) Think one is god’s gift to mankind自以为了不起，自负To think oneself is really something in some areas; conceited.3) Show off炫耀To show one’s ability with pride to anyone.4) Put someone in someone’s place安分守己To make someone do his own duty and abide by the law.5) Put on airs摆架子，摆谱It means someone is conceited in order to show his identity.6) Blow one’s own horn自吹自擂，自我吹嘘To brag about oneself.Unit 4言归于好，和解，摒弃前嫌To stop being unfriendly and become friends again.2) Button one’s lips一言不发，守口如瓶To refuse to talk and be silenced.3) Flow with the tide跟风，紧随潮流To keep following someone or the trend.4) Hold one’s tongue保持沉默，不开口To say nothing about something and stay silent.5) Let sleeping dogs lie别无事生非，招惹麻烦To avoid mentioning a subject or something that happened in the past, in order to avoid any problems or arguments.6) Mind one’s own business少管闲事，管好自己To concern oneself only with what is of interest to oneself and not interfere in the affairs of others.7) Rock the boat捣乱To do something that upsets a situation and causes problems.8) See eye to eye看法完全一致，完全同意To share the same views as somebody about something.Unit 51) Face up to something勇敢的面对To accept and deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant.2) Point one’s finger at someone指责某人To accuse somebody .3) Leave someone high and dry使某人很无助To leave someone unsupported and unable to maneuver; to leave someone helpless.4) Shoulder the responsibility能够承担责任To take responsibility.5) Pass the buck推卸责任To shirk the responsibility.6) Worm out of something推卸摆脱某事To get rid of somethingUnit 61) All or nothing孤注一掷的，没有商量余地 A situation which will end either in complete success or complete failureHaving no middle position or compromise available2) Meet someone halfway向某人妥协To compromise to somebody3) Give-and-take妥协，互让，互相迁就To have an exchange of views on some topic in order to make mutual concessions 4) Middle-of-the-road折中的办法，折中之计 A compromising solution that can be accepted by most people5) Stick to one’s guns固执己见To maintain one’s position or viewpoint when faced with opposition6) Find middle ground寻求找到一个中间立场 A set of opinions and decisions that two or more groups who oppose each other can agree on1) Go through with经历困难而完成，把事情坚持到底To do something even though it may be very unpleasant or difficult for you2) Hang in there坚持，不气馁，不畏困难To maintain a course of action despite negative outlook; to persist; to subsist while keeping high spirits 3) Give up放弃To stop trying to do something4) Stick with坚持做某事To continue or persist; to stick to5) Sweat out努力的忍耐以达到某个目的To work very hard to achieve somethingUnit 81) Be a copycat模仿别人To imitate or copy others2) Cut the apron strings摆脱依赖，独立生活To be or become impossible to manage or to control3) Be a yes-man唯唯诺诺的人To be a person who always agrees with people in authority in order to gain their approval.4) Have a mind of one’s own自有主见，能够独立思考To have one’s own idea and think independently5) Be on one’s own独立自主，不依靠他人To be independent6) Lead someone by the nose牵着别人的鼻子走，完全控制别人To have a full control of somebody7) Stand on one’s own two feet独立自主，自力更生To be independentUnit 91) Be as cool as a cucumber表示非常冷静，毫不紧张。
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter10
Chapter10 English Idioms⏹10.1 Introductory Remarks⏹10.2 Sources of English Idioms⏹10.3 Classification of Idioms⏹10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idioms10.1 Introductory Remarks♦Idiom: is a combination of two or more words which are usually structurally fixed and semantically opaque, and function as a single unit of meaning.♦English idiom: is a group of words with a special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words.eg. a feather in sb.’s cap –an honour ,success ,of which one can be prouddraw a blank–to fail to discover or find out about sth. after searching hard and asking many questions .*Idioms are usually semantically opaque, i.e. metaphorical rather than literal.An idiom functions as a unit of meaning.♦Features: a. semantic opaqueness; b. structural invariability.♦English idioms form an essential part of the general vocabulary.Idioms reflect the environment, life, history and culture of the native speakers, and are closely associated with their innermost spirit and feeling.10.2 Sources of English IdiomsMany idiomatic expressions come from:1)Everyday life of the English people;eg. to keep one’s shirt on要有耐心; 别紧张; 指不要紧张t o give sb. the cold shoulder冷落某人2)Agricultural life;eg. to go to seed花谢结子; 走下坡路; 花谢结籽to lead sb. up the garden path迷惑某人,使某人产生错觉,花言巧语3)Nautical and military life;eg. be in the same boat with同舟共济to be in deep waters陷入困境4)Business life;eg. to come under the hammer将要落锤to talk shop三句不离本行5)Student life;eg. to speak by the book引经据典to turn over a new leaf重新开始(改过自新,过新生活)6)Food and cooking;eg. to keep the pot boiling仅足糊口;苟延残喘to be in the soup陷入困境7)Sports and cad-playing;eg. to keep the ball rolling不使中断to reach first base取得初步成就8)The Bible;eg. a thorn in the flesh肉中刺,眼中钉,烦恼的根源to turn the other cheek忍气吞声t he apple of one’s eyes掌上明珠9)Shakespeare’s plays;eg. to flutter the dovecotes扰乱鸽棚to give the Devil his due勿掩恶人善，平心而论10)fables, myths or legends.eg. sour grapes（指某人因得不到某物而称该事物不好）酸葡萄the lion’s share（最大份额或最大的一份）狮子的份额10.3 Classification of IdiomsThere are several criteria of classification of idioms. We classify them by structural criterion.A.Phrase idioms 短语成语According to the central word , they may subdivided into:1.Verb phrase idiom*a)All common English verbs, most of which are of native Anglo-Saxon origin, can combine with adverbs and prepositions to form phrasal verbs.b)Most of the verb phrase idioms are often nearly synonymous with loan words of Roman origin.c)Verb phrase idioms can form noun compounds.d)Phrasal verbs usually more lively and expressive than single verbs.eg. fall flat大失所望; 残败bite the hand that feeds one以怨报德2. Noun phrase idiomThe commonest functions of noun phrase idioms:a)As the direct object of a clause;b)As the complement of a clause;c)As the object of a preposition.eg. a baker’s dozen 十三个Jack of all trades 万事通; 万金油3. Adjective phrase idiomThe commonest function of adjective phrase idioms is as complement of a clause.eg. high and mighty盛气凌人;趾高气扬wide of the mark毫不沾边4. Prepositional phrase idiomFunctions of prepositional phrase idioms are:a)As an adjunct modifying a verb; 附属修饰语b)As a complement;补语c)As a complement or adjunct;d)As a disjunct; 分离判断语，附加语e)As a connecting phrase.B.Clause idioms 无主语从句成语Most of these idioms are terse, colloquial, vivid and changed with life.1.Verb + complement pattern2.Verb + direct object pattern3.Verb + direct object + complement pattern4.Verb + indirect object + direct object pattern5.Verb + direct object + adjunct patternC.Sentence idioms句子成语1.Proverbs;2.Typical conversational expressionseg. Upon my word! 我敢担保!Well begun is half done.半途而废Kill the goose that laid the golden egg. 毁掉财路; 杀鸡取卵10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idiomsA. syntactic function 句法的功能1.The syntactic function of most phrase idioms usually corresponds with the central word or components.2.The syntactic function of some phrase idioms can vary.3.Prepositional phrase idioms have very diverse functions.4.noun + noun phrases have diverse functions.eg. He has a gift of the gab.(the ability to talk readily and easily )B. transformational restrictions 结构转换的限制性Transformation is a matter of structural change, and the change may be of various kinds.1.Some verb phrases may change word order.2.Some cannot change their word order.3.Some verb phrases may be passivized, but some can not.4.Most of the clause idioms cannot be put into the passive voice, while some of them can be used either way.5.The direct object usually does not undergo passive transformation; only the indirect object can be passivized.6.Some clause idioms may be made passive with a meaning quite different from what it had in the active form.C. Collocative restrictions 搭配限制1. Words collocate with idioms as the subjects, objects, predicates etc. of different types of phrase and clause idioms.2. Some idioms have a wide range of collocates while some have a limited choice.3. For some idioms, one has to consider which collocates will serve as adjuncts.D. Structural variability结构变化Idioms are structurally fixed, and as a rule one are not supposed to change any element in an idiomatic expression. But it is not unusual for writers to give a new twist to an old saying by making slight changes for rhetorical effect.Some ways of alteration in idioms:1. The replacement of one element by another without affecting the meaning of the whole.2. Insertion of one or more words into an idiomatic expression without changing its basic meaning.3. Deletion of one or more words, especially articles.E. Stylistic features文体特征1. Most idioms are stylistically neutral;2. But some of them belong to informal spoken English;3. Some idiom phrases are slangy.。
史上最全的语法idioms
From Ivanka~~ (+小技巧)Appear to beIt’s wise to doMethod of doingBe associated with(一定是被动)Confident aboutNow that 因为A is helpful in doingB A对B有用It is helpful to do B B有用Arrive for (表达的是要到什么时间了)Be supportive ofOver the last year, I have beenExpel into the atmosphereProtest againstLink(noun.) A and B/link (verb) A and BRenown for + skillRenown as + 身份Each/either/ neither of + 单数In recognition ofCondemn asIt was/is not until…that…Tolerance forTolerate toStudy forComply withAs….as…(第二个as后内容可省)Eg. Lillian is taller than Ivanka, but is just as beautiful. Raise (被，需要人) eg. You raise me up ~~~~~ Rise (主，自己)Cope withProceed 进行precede 之前Endow withUnder the powerCause damage toRange from….to….Require/demand/ask/ + do (特殊虚拟语气)Be partial toSome….other….One…..another…Serve asVary/change withBe considered byDespite + 名词性短语So….that…. + 句子Hope for sth.In the hope of doingHope to doParticular aboutAs does = so doesHaving done 不做后置定语From LillianExpel into the atmosphereDamage toUnder powerBe credited withOut of 由于…的原因by 通过Be known to be 普通身份（gambler）Be known as 名人（众所周知的）Be wary ofBe obsessed withRequire sb. to do sth.Just as…soResolve to doFascination withBe married toHave desire for doingIf not more soLimit/be criticized/Subject to doingBe partial toOffer to do sth.Offer(n.) of sth.In an attempt to do sth.Be notable for doingMade of(看得见的物理变化)Made from(看不出来的材料变化) Comply withBe dispensable to sth.By/in contrastIn contrast toFrom SherryAdvocate ofBe advocated for Advocate doing Dedicate A to(prep.) B(ing) Not so much…as Overflow withTake to doingWatch/see/made doAt the verge/brink of Information about Willingness to doIn the hope of doing Protest againstConfer with Acceptance of From…to…Fascination with sth.Be partial toTendency to doLook forward to doing Synonymous withWork in professionWork on + 具体工作Satisfied withThe method of Some….others…One…another…Be surprised to doBe surprised at sth. Opposition toIt adj. to doSo….that…Celebrated/credited with On the ground that….On the ground/grounds of Prevent from doing Achieved the feat of doing Be wary ofApply to + 机构/学校Apply for + 专业Particular aboutAcquainted withBe known of (sherry has long known of her interest in the painting that she has gone to such lengths to obtain it)(mis)trust inSucceed inOpposite to 对面Opposition to 不同意见Composed ofCannot help but do 不得不做….Cannot help doing 禁不住….It was/is not until …..t hat…..A large amount of = large amounts ofIn recognition ofCope with2006 – 2007Spend…(time)doingArgue forAdapt toKeep pace withCall forBegin withCulminate inInterest in doing sth.Refer toThink it adj. to doIdentify asFor all 尽管Ward offOffer to do/of/sth. for sb.In hopes ofReplace withStrike as2008 – 2009Reliance onSuffer fromAim atIncorporate intoDraw onAll but 几乎Devote toControversy overAttune toContinue to doAppeal to微信SAT大神历年idiom总结：2005.1.Work to doIn the hope of(in)consistent with2005.3.Decide to doHave a tendency to doCondemn as2006.1Be unique toKeep pace withContribute toSucceed in(mis)trust inThink it adj. to doCapable of doing2006.5.Be obsessed withCall forOpposite to = facingOpposite of = completely differentBe particular about2007.1.Arrive in(beijing)/at(school)Offer(n.) ofOffer(v.) sth. for sb.Vary/Change withOn the verge ofAdvocate of/for2007.5.Differ fromIn hopes of2008.1.On the diagnosis ofBe known as/to beImpact onIn the aftermath ofFind it adj. to doRespond toHave a tendency to do2008.5A is familiar to be (B熟悉A)A is familiar with B(A熟吧B或互熟) Use sth. to do2009.1.Advocate doingIn order to doPrevent/deter fromLeave….to….Be used to doCollaborate withBe unique toDemand forBe set in2009.5.Ne incapable ofLimit sb. to doingBe determined to doOn the grounds of2010.1.Be composed ofResemblance toBe willing to doDiffer fromAs a consequence of2010.5.Emphasis on2011.1.Blend withInterest inBe responsible forOG 4Preoccupation with Evolve fromOG 5Impatient withDebate overHow to doBecome accessible toBe accustomed toObject toBe sensitive to doingBe familiar toOG 6Be necessary to/for Threat toTake pride inResult from/inAttribute toOG 7Be regarded as Contribute toOG 8Prefer toProtest againstFar from 远非Far away from 实际距离远OG 9Commit to doing Inconsistent withOG10Be engaged in doingBe responsible forMake it adj. to doFrom RachelOG 1Burdened withKeep fromBe familiar toRequire sb. to doOught toCount onAim atBe entitled to do = supposed to doOG 2Decide to doFor all 尽管In spite ofIn addition to Between…and…Depend onIn combination withForage for foodAt the risk of doing sth.Tend to do sth.OG3Make a living onTake advantage ofPoint outOG4As…as…Not only….but also….(就近原则) Take…into accountOG5Use…to doBe sensitive to doingKeep sth. off 保持某物Regard asSo…that…Be impatient withDebate on/over Accessible toManage to doThe balance ofConsist ofPersuade sb. to doWork forNo sooner thanOG 6Be sympathetic toBe necessary toTake pride in = be proud of Provide sb. with sth.OG 7Attribute toForce sb. to doLong since gone 很久以前Renown asJust as…..so….OG8Love for the poorAgree to do/with sb./on sth. Spend time on/doing sth.OG 10Allow sb. to doAid inPrior toBurn in fireDepict asMold 1N + so + adj. + thatNative toMold 2Used for/to doChance of sth.Blend sth. withLeak intoPour downIn terms of 根据，按照Help sb. to do sth.Associate withWipe outKeep sth. fromMold 3Cover withTolerance forIn tend to doPerspective on sth. (diction容易考perspective与prospective区别) Consider sb. to beFeel comfortable doingTurn to sb.Take sb….(time)to doContribute to sth.Mold 4Resistance toSynonymous withSpread outDerive fromBlame forKeep pace withMold 5Sell outInvolve sb. in doing sth.Peer into 窥视，检查Mold 6Be considered to doHave the desire for doingFill withStruggle to doMold 7Leave behindDelve intoForage forBond withMold 9+10Draw uponResonate withHave control overBe attributed toBe harmful toBe subject toOC 1Culminate inConvert intoCompete withAfford to doBe helpful in doing/be helpful to do Be confident in/doing sth.OC 2Yearn forBe surprised to do/at sth.OC 3Have an interest in doingOC 5Distinguish fromBelong toKeep sth. from doingHave trouble doingPrinceton 1Be fearful ofAt sb.’s perilComply withConsider for sth.Struggle for sth./to doPrinceton 2Attach toMake forRespond toPrinceton 3Be skilled in doingHear fromAim to doPrepare sb. for sth.React toPrinceton 5Enthusiasm/passion for mix…with…be attractive tobe home tocling toPrinceton 8In contrast toBase on/uponPrinceton 9Resolve to doInteract withFascinate withPrinceton 10Have difficulty/trouble doing Risk doing2008.1.Be concerned with Prepare forBe known for/as/to be Draw onConnect with2008.5.Be riddled withNot so much asBe popular withCare forHave a command ofBe engraved inAttach toOthersProfit fromAbility to doBorn with sth.Be content to doAcceptance ofMisinformation aboutBe elected asEncourage to doTeem with (一般做主动)As(有正如的意思) eg. Lillian has erotic talent, as is evidenced by the fantastic thing she did with her lover, Kevin.A be available toB A对于B可用A be available fromB 可以从B手上得到A。
走失英语短语
走失英语短语Here is an essay on the topic of "Lost English Phrases" with over 1000 words, written entirely in English:It is a curious thing how certain words and phrases can become lost to the English language over time. Some fade away gradually as they fall out of common usage, while others are suddenly and unceremoniously discarded, becoming mere historical curiosities. As language is always evolving, it is natural that the lexicon would change, but the loss of certain expressive terms can be lamented, as they leave us with a poorer means of articulating our experiences and ideas.One such phrase that has become largely obsolete is "to sleep like a top." This idiom was used to describe someone who slept soundly and peacefully, likening the deep slumber to the effortless spinning of a well-crafted top. In the modern era, however, this analogy has become lost on many, as the simple pleasure of spinning tops is not as familiar an experience, especially for younger generations. The imagery evoked by "sleeping like a top" has become somewhat opaque, causing the phrase to gradually fall out of favor.Similarly, the expression "to bark up the wrong tree" has undergone a shift in its usage and meaning. Originating from the hunting practice of using dogs to track prey, this phrase referred to a dog barking at the base of a tree, indicating that its quarry had fled up that particular trunk, when in fact the animal had escaped to another location. Over time, the idiom came to signify pursuing the wrong course of action or line of inquiry, but the original hunting context has become obscured, making the phrase less intuitive for contemporary speakers.Another evocative term that has fallen by the wayside is "to have a bee in one's bonnet." This quaint turn of phrase described someone who was preoccupied or obsessed with a particular idea or concern, likening their fixation to the persistent buzzing of an insect trapped within the confines of a headpiece. However, as the wearing of bonnets has become an increasingly archaic practice, the imagery evoked by this idiom has grown increasingly opaque, leading to its decline in common usage.One particularly colorful lost phrase is "to be at sixes and sevens." This enigmatic expression was used to convey a state of confusion, disorder, or lack of organization. Its origins are somewhat obscure, with theories ranging from a connection to an ancient French dice game to a reference to the layout of London streets. Regardless of its provenance, "to be at sixes and sevens" has a delightful whimsicalitythat is now largely absent from the modern English lexicon.The phrase "to have ants in one's pants" has also fallen out of favor, though it once provided a vivid description of someone who was fidgety, restless, or unable to sit still. The image of insects crawling beneath one's clothing is both humorous and unsettling, lending a distinct character to this now-archaic expression. As societal norms and sensibilities have evolved, such visceral metaphors have become less commonplace in everyday speech.Another lost gem is the phrase "to be as right as rain." This idiom was used to convey the sense that something was perfectly correct, proper, or in order. The association of rain with the natural cycle of the earth and the sustenance of life likely contributed to the positive connotations of this phrase, but its usage has dwindled in an era where the relationship between humanity and the natural world has become more abstract and tenuous.The expression "to be as cool as a cucumber" has also faded from common parlance, though it once provided a vivid description of someone who was calm, collected, and unflustered. The inherent coolness of a cucumber, both in temperature and demeanor, made it an apt analogy for an unflappable temperament. However, as the humble cucumber has become less central to the everyday experiences of many, this phrase has lost some of its immediacy andresonance.Finally, the phrase "to be as happy as a clam" has likewise fallen into disuse, despite its charming evocation of unbridled joy and contentment. The comparison of human emotion to the simple pleasures of a bivalve mollusc may seem strange to modern sensibilities, but it nonetheless offered a whimsical and distinctive way of expressing a state of profound happiness.These are but a few examples of the many English phrases that have become lost to the sands of time. Each of these expressions carried with it a unique flavor, a distinct way of perceiving and articulating the human experience. Their disappearance from common usage represents a subtle impoverishment of our linguistic landscape, a narrowing of the means by which we can convey the nuances of our thoughts and feelings.Of course, language is a living, breathing entity, and the loss of certain phrases is inevitably accompanied by the emergence of new modes of expression. The English language is constantly evolving, adapting to the changing needs and sensibilities of its speakers. Yet, in the face of this ceaseless transformation, it is worth pausing to reflect on the richness and diversity that has been, and continues to be, lost.For in the fading of these arcane phrases, we lose not only the words themselves, but the cultural contexts, the shared experiences, and the collective memories that gave rise to them. Each lost expression represents a thread severed from the tapestry of human history, a unique perspective on the world that has been irretrievably obscured.Perhaps, then, the lament over these vanishing idioms is not merely a nostalgic yearning for the past, but a recognition of the fragility of language and the importance of preserving its diversity. By acknowledging the lost phrases of the English tongue, we may be inspired to cherish the expressive power of words, to seek out and celebrate the richness of linguistic heritage, and to mindfully steward the evolution of our shared modes of communication.For in the end, the loss of these evocative phrases is not just a matter of linguistic trivia, but a reflection of the larger currents of cultural change that shape our experience of the world. By keeping alive the memory of these lost expressions, we may find a deeper appreciation for the nuances of human expression, and a renewed commitment to the ongoing cultivation of our linguistic landscape.。
idioms英语习语
1. a white lie • 2. a black sheep • 3. feel blue • 4. black and blue • 5. a white elephant • 6. a green hand •
善意的谎言 害群之马 心情闷闷不乐 青一块紫一块 大而无用的东西 新手
• Look before you leap. • 三思而后行。 • No news is good news.
• 没有消息就是好消息。 • Practice makes perfect.
• 熟能生巧。 • Pride goes before a fall. • 骄兵必败。 • Rome wasn’t built in a day.
• 有其父必有其子。
• A friend in need is a friend indeed. • 患难的朋友才是真正的朋友；患难之交见真情。 • All that glitters is not gold. • 发光的未必都是金子；中看未必中用。 • The grass is always greener on the other side. • 这山望着那山高。 • Two heads are better than one. • 三个臭皮匠顶上个诸葛亮。 • Better late than never. • 迟到总比不到强。
7. a red letter day • 重要的日子 8. in the pink • 非常健康 9. once in a blue moon • 极少，千载难逢
10. No Pains, No Gains • “一份耕耘，一份收获”或者说“不劳而无 11. Birds of a feather flock together． • 物以类聚，人以群分。
Idioms
Chapter 6 English IdiomsDefinition●time-honored 历史悠久的；因古老而受到尊重的●spill the beans泄密；说漏嘴●idiomatic [,idiə'mætik] 惯用的；符合语言习惯的expressions.●euphony 报错英['juːf(ə)nɪ] 美['jʊfəni]●n. 悦耳之音；悦耳；和谐的声音;谐音●You're like an Indian summer你像狂热的夏日●forty winks 白天小睡；打盹●Yo u sent me howling into the wind. I’m lucky to be all in one piece.你让我独自一人在风中咆哮，我能全身而返，已经是大幸了。
●All good things come to an end.天下无不散的宴席●like a bear with a sore head v. 暴躁；心情恶劣●cut one's coat according to one's cloth●量布裁衣，量入为出，根据具体条件行事●量体裁衣●act according to actual circumstances●cut the dress according to one's figure●cut out garments to fit the body●diamond cut diamond adv. 棋逢对手●The devil takes the hindmost：迟者遭殃；落后者吃亏●have a bee in one's bonnet[软帽]胡思乱想；想得入迷；有某种想法●through thick and thin不畏艰险；在任何情况下●stitch [stitʃ] n. 针脚，一针vt. 缝，缝合● a stitch in time saves nine小洞不补，大洞吃苦●come to a bad end 遭遇不测；死于非命；没有好下场●nasty [['nɑ:sti, 'næs-]] adj. 下流的；肮脏的；脾气不好的；险恶的●sticky [俚语]不愉快的，痛苦的●come to a sticky end 报错下场不好；死于非命●come to an untimely end 夭折●untimely [,ʌn'taimli] adj. 不合时宜的；过早的●Take forty winks：打个盹●rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨●for the sake of为了；为了…的利益●hither and thither 到处●hue and cry大声抗议；叫嚣声；追捕犯人时的叫喊声hue [hju:] n. 色彩；色度；叫声●kith and kin朋友和亲属kith [kiθ] n. 朋友；邻居●kin [kin] n. 亲戚；家族；同族●adj. 同类的；有亲属关系的；性质类似的●to and fro来回地fro [frəu] adv. 向后；向那边●be hoist with one's own petard搬起石头砸自己的脚；害人反害己；作茧自缚●hoist [hɔist] n. 起重机；升起，吊起vi. 升起；吊起vt. （用绳索，起重机等）使升起●petard [pɪ'tɑːd] n. 爆竹，花火；爆炸装置●learn by rote死记硬背地学习rote 报错英[rəʊt] 美[rot]n. 死记硬背；生搬硬套●with might and main尽全力；竭尽全力地●once in a blue moon 千载难逢；极为罕见●come true 实现，成真；成为现实●cry for the moon 要天上的月亮；想做做不到的事；想要得不到的东西●fly high有雄心大志；情绪高涨；野心勃勃●put the cart before the horse 本末倒置；前后颠倒●turn up one's nose at 报错对…嗤之以鼻；看不起●black and blue['blækən'blu:] adj. 遍体鳞伤的；青一块紫一块●first and foremost 首先；首要的是●Time and tide wait for no man 岁月不饶人●buy in bulk 大量购买●bulk [bʌlk] n. 体积，容量；大多数，大部分；大块vt. 使扩大，使形成大量●dine and wine 吃喝（以饮宴款待）●out and about：户外活动●rough and tough 粗野的，粗暴的●rough [rʌf] adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的●tough adj. 艰苦的，困难的；坚强的，不屈不挠的vt. 坚持；忍受，忍耐●wear and tear n. 磨损●euphonic [juː'fɒnɪk] adj. 悦耳的，语调好的；音调上的●euphony ['ju:fəni] n. 悦耳之音；悦耳；和谐的声音●Beggars can not be choosers （乞丐是没有选择权利的）● a cat may look at king 小人物也有权利●first come，first served 先到先得；先到者先接受服务原则●be up and doing 活跃;忙碌●serve someone right给某人应得的惩罚●get off with结识●First you must clean your room. No buts about it.首先你必须打扫你的房间，不要找任何借口。
英语关于天气气候的俚语俗语习语idioms
Any port in a stormThis means that in an emergency any solution will do, even one that would normally be unacceptable.Blue skies A overly enthusiastic outlook or disposition. The sales team had blue skies projections for theirdeals, although not many of those deals were signed.Bolt from the blueIf something happens unexpectedly and suddenly, it is a bolt from the blue.Brighten up the dayIf something brightens up your day, something happens that makes you feel positive and happy all day long.Calm before the storm A calm time immediately before period of violent activity or argument is the calm before thestorm.Chase rainbowsIf someone chases rainbows, they try to do something that they will never achieve.Cloud nineIf you are on cloud nine, you are extremely happy. ('cloud seven' is a less common alternative)Cloud of suspicionIf a cloud of suspicion hangs over an individual, it means that they are not believed or are distrusted.Cloud on the horizon If you can see a problem ahead, you can call it a cloud on the horizon.Cold light of day If you see things in the cold light of day, you see them as they really are, not as you might wantthem to e rain or shineIf I say I'll be at a place come rain or shine, I mean that I can be relied on to turn up; nothing, not even the vagaries of British weather, will deter me or stop me from being there.Doldrums If a person is in the doldrums, they are depressed. If a project or something similar is in thedoldrums, it isn't making any progress.Down in the doldrumsIf somebody's down in the doldrums, they are depressed and lacking energy.Dry spellIf something or someone is having a dry spell, they aren't being as successful as they normally are.Every cloud has a silver lining People sometimes say that every cloud has a silver lining to comfort somebody who's havingproblems. They mean that it is always possible to get something positive out of a situation, no matter how unpleasant, difficult or even painful it might seem.Face like thunder If someone has a face like thunder, they are clearly very angry or upset about something.Fairweather friendA fairweather friend is the type who is always there when times are good but forgets about youwhen things get difficult or problems crop up.Get wind ofIf you get wind of something, you hear or learn about it, especially if it was meant to be secret. Go down a stormTo say that something has been enjoyable or successful, you can say that it has gone down astorm. Eg. Last night's party went down a storm, it was incredible.Greased lightningIf something or someone moves like greased lightning, they move very fast indeed.Head is in the cloudsIf a person has their head in the clouds, they have unrealistic, impractical ideas.Hit rough weatherIf you hit rough weather, you experience difficulties or problems.In a fogIf you're in a fog, you are confused, dazed or unaware.Into each life some rain must fallThis means that bad or unfortunate things will happen to everyone at some time.It never rains but it pours'It never rains but it pours' means that when things go wrong, they go very wrong.It's raining cats and dogsit's raining very hard.Know which way the wind blowsThis means that you should know how things are developing and be prepared for the future. Made in the shadeOne has an easy time in life or in a given situation. Finding things working to one's benefit.Not know enough to come in out of the rainSomeone who doesn't know enough to come in out of the rain is particularly stupid.Quiet before the StormWhen you know that something is about to go horribly wrong, but hasn't just yet, then you are in the quiet before the storm.Quick as a flash / quick as a lightningIf you're as quick as a flash, or quick as a wink, or quick as lightning, you're very quick.Rain on your paradeIf someone rains on your parade, they ruin your pleasure or your plans.Rainy dayIf you save something, especially money, for a rainy day, you save it for some possible problem or trouble in the future.Right as rainIf things are right as rain, then everything is going well in your life.Sail close to the windIf you sail close to the wind, you take risks to do something, going close to the limit of what is allowed or acceptable.Seven sheets to the windIf someone is seven sheets to the wind, they are very drunk.Shoot the breezeWhen you shoot the breeze, you chat in a relaxed way.Steal someone's thunderIf someone steals your thunder, they take the credit and praise for something you did.Stem the tideIf people try to stem the tide, they are trying to stop something unpleasant from getting worse, usually when they don't succeed.Storm in a teacupIf someone exaggerates a problem or makes a small problem seem far greater than it really is, then they are making a storm in a teacup.Take a raincheckIf you take a rain check, you decline an offer now, suggesting you will accept it later.('Raincheck' is also used.)Take by stormTo take by storm means to captivate- eg. A new play that took New York City by storm. Tempest in a teapot / storm in a teapotIf people exaggerate the seriousness of a situation or problem, they are making a tempest in a teapot.Throw caution to the windWhen people throw caution to the wind, they take a great risk.Twisting in the windIf you are twisting in the wind, you are without help or support - you are on your own.Under a cloudIf someone is suspected of having done something wrong, they are under a cloud.Under the weatherIf you are feeling a bit ill, sad or lack energy, you are under the weather.Wait for a raindrop in the droughtWhen someone is waiting for a raindrop in the drought, they are waiting or hoping for something that is extremely unlikely to happen.Weather a stormIf you weather a storm, you get through a crisis or hard times.。
idioms for TEM4
break in1 打断, 插嘴说2 闯入3 (使)逐渐适用4 开始工作break up1 结束2 (使)破碎, 分解3 (使)破裂4 放假5 (使)散开, (使)解散6 (使)极其焦虑和痛苦7 (使)开心, 发笑break out1 突然发生, 爆发2 向外砸开break through 突围，突破break away1 突然离开; 突然挣脱2 与…决裂; 从…退出3 改掉; 放弃break into1 闯入, 强行进入, 破门而入2 打断, 打扰; 占用3 突然做4 把…分成break down1 损坏, 发生故障2 拆散; 分类3 衰弱下来4 失败, 破产5 粉碎, 压倒bring about1 使(船)掉转船头2 造成, 引起〔导致〕(某事) bring back1 带回(某人或某物); 还回(某物)2 回忆〔回顾, 回想起〕(往事)3 使(某人)恢复(某状态)bring forth 提出，出示，展示bring forward 提出，提前，显示bring off 使脱离险境／成功完成bring round １把带到约好的地点２劝说改变主意；说服３使恢复知觉bring together 使相结合，使相识，使坐在一起；使会面bring to1 使(某人)苏醒2 〈航〉(使)停驶3 把…带给(某人), 带往(某处)4 使用于…; 使加入, 参与…5 使达到…6 使(某人)面临〔对付〕某种困难bring up1 把…带到楼上〔更高处〕2 教育, 养育(孩子)3 提及〔提出〕…4 恶心; 呕吐(食物)5 使突然停住call down1 朝下面大声叫喊2 引起, 招惹3 责骂〔申斥〕(某人)call for 去接某人，去取某物；需要call forth 使产生，引发；使起作用call in1 叫(某人)进来; 来访2 找〔请〕来3 用电话通知call off 把。
叫走；取消；转移注意力call on 1.拜访(某人)2.叫, 号召3.要求, 请求call up 1.朝上方叫喊2.〈美〉给…打电话3.〈英〉叫醒4.使回忆起5.【军】召集call upon 号召；拜访carry away 使着迷carry back 使回想carry down 传给年轻人carry out 执行，贯彻，完成，实现carry through 帮助度过难关cast about 想方设法cast back 追溯cast down 使沮丧cast off 摆脱cast out 驱赶出去cast over 投。
chineseidioms
1.爱不释手fondle admiringly2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实） Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass. 62.水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.64.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel65.实事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts66.说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.67.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is68.实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.69.山不在高，有仙则名'No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; '70.韬光养晦hide one's capacities and bide one's time71.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets72.天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.74.“跳进黄河洗不清”'eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name '75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots83.无中生有make create something out of nothing84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire.85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off89.心想事成May all your wish come true90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding91.先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.92.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound93.像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan94.现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example95.息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters96.喜忧参半mingled hope and fear97.循序渐进step by step98.一路平安，一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest99.严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others100鱼米之乡101.有情人终成眷属'Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.'102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.103. 有识之士people of vision104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106.与时俱进advance with times107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude109.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼'to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.' a land of milk and honey110.欲速则不达Haste does not bring success.111. 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest112.英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.113.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.114.冤假错案'cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases'115.一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.116.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful117.债台高筑become debt-ridden118.致命要害Achilles' heel119. 众矢之的target of public criticism120.知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.121. 纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist补充：繁荣昌盛thriving and prosperous爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 爱财如命skin a flea for its hide百里挑一one in hundred百折不挠be indomitable半途而废give up halfway leave sth. Unfinished包罗万象all-embracing all-inclusive饱经风霜weather-beaten卑躬屈膝bow and scrape cringe悲欢离合vicissitudes of life背道而驰run counter to run in the opposite direction本末倒置put the cart before the horse笨鸟先飞the slow need to start early必由之路the only way闭关自守close the country to international intercourse变本加厉be further intensified变化无常chop and change fantasticality变化无常chop and change fantasticality别开生面having sth. New别有用心have ulterior motives彬彬有礼refined and courteous urbane兵不厌诈in war nothing is too deceitful博古通今erudite and informed 不败之地incincible position 不耻下问feel not ashamed to learn from one's subordinates不可救药be past praying for beyond redemption不劳而获reap where one has not sown不屈不挠fortitude indefatigability perseverance persevere tenacity不速之客crasher uninvited guest不同凡响outstanding不言而喻speak for itself tell its own story tell its own tale went without saying不遗余力spare no effort spare no pains不以为然not approve object to不义之财filthy lucre filthy pelf the mammon of unrighteousness不亦乐乎extremely不远千里go to the trouble of travelling a long distance不约而同happen to coincide不择手段by any kind of means by hook or crook play hard by fair means or foul不知所措be at a loss be all adrift lose one's head out of one's wits才疏学浅have little talent and learning惨绝人寰extremely cruel沧海桑田time brings a great change to the worlds沧海一粟/九牛一毛a drop in the bucket 草木皆兵a state of extreme nervousness层出不穷emerge in endlessly层峦迭嶂peaks over peaks察言观色carefully watch what sb. is doing and saying姹紫嫣红very beautiful flowers畅行无阻checkless车水马龙heavy traffic沉默寡言taciturnity称心如意well-content趁热打铁strike while iron is hot Hold a wolf the iron is hot成群结队gang horde诚惶诚恐with reverence and awe诚心诚意sincere desire承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following吃苦耐劳tough吃里扒外live on sb. while helping others secretly痴心妄想胡思乱想wishful thinking持之以恒preserve叱咤风云ride the whirlwind愁眉苦脸pull a long face snoot愁眉苦脸的，愁眉苦脸地woebegone morosely 臭名远扬，臭名昭著flagrancy，notorious出乎意料unexpected出口成章have an outstanding eloquence出类拔萃，鹤立鸡群fill the bill supereminence出谋划策give counsel suggest出奇制胜defeat sb. by a surprise action出生入死go through fire and water触类旁通comprehend by analogy垂头丧气，无精打采 down in the mouth lose one's spirits with the tail between the legs垂头丧气的blue about the gills crestfallen downhearted绰绰有余more than sufficient此起彼伏as one falls,another rises从容不迫go easy take one's time从容不迫的leisured unhurried从容不迫地by easy stages粗枝大叶careless slapdash sloppy粗枝大叶的broad-brush措手不及unaware unprepared错综复杂扑朔迷离 anfractuosity错综复杂的anfractuous daedal reticula sinuous 打草惊蛇act rashly and about: the enemy大材小用waste one's talent on a petty job大公无私selfless大海捞针look for a needle in a bottle of hay大惑不解be extremely puzzled大惊小怪a storm in a teacup foofaraw fuss like a hen with one chicken大惊小怪的spoffish大快人心affording general satisfaction大名鼎鼎famous well known大器晚成great minds mature slowly大千世界the boundless universe大失所望greatly disappointed大同小异largely identical but with minor differences大显身手大显神通strut one's stuff大言不惭夸夸其谈fanfaronade rodomontade大义凛然inspiring awe by upholding justice大义灭亲place righteousness above family loyalty大智若愚Still waters run deep. An empty vessel makes the most sound Still water runs deep呆若木鸡dumbstruck transfixed待人接物the ways one gets along with others 殚思极虑rack one's brains胆小如鼠cannot say boh to a goose胆战心惊的funky淡泊明志not seek fame and wealth道貌岸然be sanctimonious得过且过drift along muddle along得天独厚的advantaged得心应手handy with facility得意忘形得意洋洋 bloat get dizzy with success得意洋洋elated elation exaltation jauntiness得意扬扬ride high得意洋洋的cock-a-hoop high-blown perky得意扬扬的triumphant德才兼备have both ability and moral integrity德高望重sainted saintlike登峰造极reach the limit reach the peak of perfection地大物博vast territory and abundant resources颠倒黑白颠倒是非混淆是非call white black swear black is white颠三倒四confused disorderly雕虫小技insignificant skill调兵遣将move forces 调虎离山lure the enemy away from his base掉以轻心treat sth. Lightly喋喋不休blat cackle chackle harp harp on jaw-jaw rattle twitter wag顶天立地of indomitable spirit东施效颦blind imitation with ludicrous effection东山再起bob up like a cork独具匠心show originality独树一帜develop a school of one's own独一无二in a class by oneself独一无二的unique unmatched unparalleled度日如年one day seems like a year断章取义garble quote out of context对牛弹琴whistle jigs to a milestone Cast pearls before swine对症下药suit the remedy to the case多才多艺versatility多才多艺的accomplished all-round allround miscellaneous versatile 多愁善感sensitivity sentimentality多愁善感的moonstruck spoony多此一举bring owls to Athens hold a candle to the sun多多益善the more the better咄咄逼人aggressive 脱胎换骨thoroughly remould oneself阿谀奉承趋炎附势greasiness恩将仇报以怨报德忘恩负义 bite the hand that feeds one尔虞我诈each trying to cheat the other发人深省的thought-provoking发人深省set people thinking发扬光大carry forward翻山越岭tramp over hill and dale翻天覆地world-shaking泛滥成灾overrun飞黄腾达青云直上come into one's kingdom rise in the world strike oil 飞黄腾达的successful飞禽走兽birds and beasts废寝忘食forget food and sleep分道扬镳part company,each going his own way分化瓦解disintegrate divide and demoralize分门别类classify纷至沓来come in a continuous stream纷至沓来的thick as hail奋不顾身dash ahead regardless of one's safety愤愤不平be indignant 愤世嫉俗的cynical丰富多彩rich and colorful丰功伟绩great achievement丰衣足食have ample food and clothing风花雪月sentimental writings of the exploiting classes风马牛不相及be totally unrelated风靡一时be the rage风平浪静calm风起云涌like a rising wind and scudding clouds风雨同舟stand together regardless of situation风雨无阻in all weathers锋芒毕露make a showy display of one's abilities蜂涌而来pour逢场作戏join in the fun on occasion逢凶化吉trun ill luck into good奉公守法law-abiding敷衍了事make short shrift of palter scuffle釜底抽薪take a drastic measure to deal with a situation赴汤蹈火出生入死go through fire and water富丽堂皇magnificence 覆水难收spilt water cannot be gathered up again It is no use crying over spilt milk122.左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea123.纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.。
现代英语词汇学概论10-English-Idioms
9.1.2 Structural Stability
4. Many idioms are grammatically unanalyzable.
Diamond cut diamond. * Diamond cuts diamond. Like cures like. * Like cure like. as sure as eggs is eggs * as sure as eggs are eggs
Sam is a real cool cat. He never blows his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle.
WhaWt'shmaotrae,reheidkinoomwss?how to get away
with things... Well, of course, he is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam's got it made; this is it for him.
possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessary
Sam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too
习语翻译(学生)
Interpreting Idioms/ Two Parts Allegorical Saying 一言既出，驷马难追。
天下没有不散的宴席。
王小二过年，一年不如一年。
和尚打伞，无法（发）无天。
Methods of Interpreting Idioms●Idioms for idioms (以习语译习语)●Literal translation (直译法)●Literal translation plus paraphrasing (直译加意译)1. Idiom for idioms (以习语译习语)To fish in the air.缘木求鱼A fall into fit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Look before you leap. / Think twice before you leap.三思而后行。
There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
As you sow, so will you reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁做鸡头，不做凤尾。
To kill the goose that lays golden eggs.杀鸡取卵。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
Don’t wash your dirty linen in publish.家丑不可外扬。
Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings.饥不择食。
2. Literal translation (直译法)易如反掌鼠目寸光Short-sighted君子动口不动手留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
坦白从宽，抗拒从严。
Leniency confess, punishiment, resist 削足适履远水解不了近渴。
Idioms俚语顺口熘
Be in the mood 想要做某事To feel like doing somethingExample: She is not in the mood for playing cards and says she should really be preparing her lecture notes.Over the moon 欣喜若狂Extremely happyExample: She’s over the moon about her promotion – she really wasn’t expecting it.Get a move on 赶快To hurry upExample: Get a move on! The train is about to leave.Over and above 除…这外, 额外的In addition toExample: Over and above our salary, we are getting a large bonus, because business has been very profitable this year.Get the picture了解某事To understand something, to grasp some meaningExample: When they started cutting back and laying people off at work, I got the picture and starting looking for another job.Be out of pocket 花光了钱的To be without moneyExample: He’s complaining because he spent all of his money on slot machines and now he’s out of pocket.Keep somebody posted 传达消息To regularly give somebody up-to-date information or details of the progress being made.Example: I phoned in at the end of each working day to keep my boss posted about developments at the trade conference.In the long run 最终, 最后Over a long period of time, once a process has maturedExample: The grocery store is making a loss right now. In the long run, however, we hope to achieve a situation of stable profit.On a shoestring 生活拮据In a thrifty manner; with costs or spending down to a bare minimumExample: She lives on a shoestring – she gets a tiny pension and has to budget very tightly.Lose track of失去消息, 失去线索To lose contact with somebody to not know where something isExample: I lost track of Fran when she moved to Boston. I’ve even tried to locate her on the Internet.Be in the air 将要发生的事情The feeling or idea that something new is about to happen or is going to change Example: From the arguments going on at the meeting, it seems that a change in policy is in the air.Clear the air 消除误会To settle a dispute and restore good relationsExample:We had a meeting with the workers, and I think we’ve cleared the air now.Cost an arm and a leg 极其昂贵To be very expensiveExample:I love that fur coat. However, I don’t think I’m going to buy it because it costs an arm and a leg.A bad egg 缺乏道德的人Somebody who has no moral principles and should be avoidedExample:You mustn’t lend Tim money, he’s a bad egg. You’ll never see him or your money again!In the Bag 稳操胜券Said of an achievement which is secureExample: We have the deal in the bag. The client came in this morning to sign the agreement.In the balance 未知的,不可预测的Said when the outcome of a situation is unknown or unpredictableExample: His career as a pilot is in the balance, as his eyesight does not seem good enough.Drive a hard bargain 极力讨价还价To have the negotiating strength and skills to get the most advantageous price and conditionsExample: Amanda is negotiating the best price from the suppliers. She drives a hard bargain.Ring a bell 看上去或听起来非常熟悉To look, sound or seem familiarExample: That face rings a bell, where have I seen him before?Tighten one’s belt 节衣缩食To cut down on spending because there is less income than beforeExample:Now you are out of work, you’ll have to tighten your belt and give up buying new clothes and going out so often.Kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟To complete two tasks together, with less effort than doing them separately Example:Since I’d gone to the store to buy some bread, I thought of killing two birds with one stone and invited Mr. Biggs to the party.Be in a black mood 情绪极差To be so negative about everything that it is impossible for anyone to reason with him/herExample: My father has been in a black mood for days, we dare not say anything to him.New blood 新成员New people brought into an organization to introduce different and original ideas Example: It was decided to bring new blood into the school by employing teachers with the latest training.Feeling blue 感到无精打采Feeling sad or depressedExample: She’s feeling blue, because the man she loves is far away.Get to the bottom of something 弄清真相To find out the truth about somethingExample: I’m trying to get to the bottom of why David left without saying goodbye.A piece of cake 轻松的事Something which is very easy to doExample: Here…let me put the batteries in for you. It’s a piece of cake.Pay a call 拜访To visit somebodyExample: As we’re in this neighborhood, we might as well pay the Jacksons a call, we haven’t seen them for ages.By chance偶然, 意外的Unexpectedly; with no prior planningExample: By chance, I bumped into my wife in the shopping mallRound the clock 夜以继日的To do something continuously, without a break or pauseExample: The ambulance services worked round the clock hauling people trapped in the building to safety.Keep one’s cool 保持冷静To stay calm in a difficult situationExample: If the traffic is jamed, the only thing to do is keep your cool, or get out of the car and walk!In a tight corner处于困境In an extremely difficult situationExample: Whenever I get into a tight corner, I try to rely on quick thinking to get out of it.Keep in the dark 隐瞒To keep something secretExample: We know my brother has a new girlfriend, but he's keeping her name in the dark.Fall on deaf ears 不加理睬的, 不听取Not to take any notice of what is saidExample: The city council’s order that garbage should be put in the bins fell on deaf ears; the sidewalks are still littered with trash!Take things easy 放轻松To relaxExample: It's better for our health to take things easy than to worry about problems all the time.Eat like a horse 吃得很多To eat a lot; to have a very big appetiteExample: Fred eats like a horse. When I was a growing lad like him, I used to eat a lot, too.Catch one’s eye 吸引某人注意To attract somebody’s attentionExample: A movement behind the curtain caught my eye – I thought it was a burglar and rushed out of the room!Have an eye for something对某事(某物体)了解得非常清楚To be very good at doing something, or have a great understanding of something.Example: As a botanist, he has to describe and draw plants accurately, so he must have an eye for detail.Turn a blind eye .熟视无睹To ignore an action, even though one should do something about itExample: Parents will spoil their children if they constantly turn a blind eye to their bad behavior.Keep an eye on 照看, 密切注视To watch carefully; to look afterExample: Keep an eye on my purse – I'm just going to the bathroom.Lose face 丢脸To have one's reputation spoiled; to be embarrassedExample: The large drug houses have lost face, because smaller companies are selling similar products at a cheaper price!Lead the field处于领头地位To be the most successful person or group in an activityExample: For decades, the House of Dior led the field in elegant fashion design.Get out of hand 失去控制To be out of controlExample: The problem of suicide bombings is getting out of hand; there seems to be no way to stop them.Give a hand 提供帮助To help somebody with somethingExample: Please give me a hand and hold this board while I paint it.Learn by heart 牢记To memorize something; to have learned something word for word or very precisely. Example:At school we often learned Shakespeare’s sonnets by heart and recited them in front of the class.On hold 尚未办理的事情Something set aside and waiting to be dealt withExample: Our vacation plans are on hold right now; because my Dad’s just been admitted to hospital with a stomach ulcer.A dark horse出乎意料的嬴家An unexpected winner.Example: A dark horse in this year’s basketball cup was Japan!The bottom line 本质内容The most essential part of somethingExample: We’ve talked a lot about taxation and immigration, but the bottom line is that we have to create more jobs.Live it up 狂欢一场To enjoy a high standard of living and lead a carefree lifeExample: The neighbors having been living it up ever since they won the sweepstakes.Look forward to 期待着To relish some future prospect; to eagerly await meeting somebody.Example: You can tell Jake is looking forward to his vacation – he keeps telling us how many days there are left until he finishes college.Bear in mind 记住To remember something which can be of help in the future.Example: Before you start your perspective drawing, bear in mind you should first establish a vanishing point.Have a mind to想做某事, 计划做某事To be decided on ; to intend toExample: The service in our hotel was terrible. I have a mind to write a letter of complaint.。
英汉对比与翻译(好)
Part Two
A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese
英汉语对比研究
Difference Between
Comparative Study and Contrastive Study
will do it well. 支农惠农政策不断加强。 Policies were constantly strengthened to support and
benefit agriculture. 必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。 Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources
Examples of Negative Transfer
6. -- Your English is wonderful. -- Oh, no. My English is still poor. -- Your English is wonderful. -- Thank you, but I still have a long way to go before I really master it.
have stopped hunting for him.
Please compare the underlined words:
不要人云亦云。 这件事，你做也好，
他做也罢，我看谁 都做不好。
Don’t say what others have said.
Whether you do it or he does it, I’m afraid neither will do it well.
Chapter-8--English-Idioms-英语词汇学-教学课件
Stylistic Features
❖ idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.
Idiomaticity
❖ The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity. The more idiomatic the idioms, the more fixed the structure.
❖ Many of the idioms of the lower scale do allow some changes.
❖ In between we have idioms like turn over a new leaf, as cool as a cucumber and draw the curtain , whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are themselves explicit.
colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc ❖ This chapter will deal with idioms in terms of their characteristics, classification and uses.
英语习语在日常生活中的应用
On the Application of English Idioms in Daily Life英语习语在日常生活中的应用摘要众所周知，英语习语一直都很流行，如果运用恰当准确的话，将会得到很好的表达效果。
英语习语具有简单的句子结构和深刻的意义，许多的文化信息都用习语来表述。
从某些意义上讲，英语习语是环境的反映、生活的反映和历史文化的反映等。
它们通常运用于各种语言类型当中，非正式的和正式的、口语的和书面的。
英语习语通常包括成语、俗语、格言、歇后语、谚语、俚语、行话等。
它是一种由词语共同组成的，不同于字典定义单个单词的短语，他可以使努力学习习语的学生和学习者较难理解。
习语的短语和短句由两个或多个词组成，它作为一个意义单位，不能被认为是由各种单词组成的意思。
其表现形式音节优美，音律协调，或含蓄幽默，或严肃典雅，言简意赅，形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。
习语是语言的精华，他带有浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。
这篇文章主要谈论英语习语以及在日常生活中怎样准确运用习语。
关键词：英语习语；意义；运用；日常生活AbstractAs is known to us all, English idioms are always very popular among people, if used properly, we can get a very good expressive effect. They contain brief structures and profound meanings. Lots of cultural information is embodied in idioms. In some senses, idioms are the reflection of the environment, life, historical culture, etc. They are commonly used in all types of language, informal and formal, spoken and written. In brief, idioms are fixed phrases. It usually includes proverb, saying, slang, jargon and so on. An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words, which can make idioms hard for students and learners to understand. The idioms are set phrases and short sentences made up of two or more words; it functions as a unit of meaning which cannot be predicted from its literal meaning of its component words. Its forms of expression are beautiful in syllable, and harmonious in rhythm. Some are implicit or humorous; some are serious and elegant; some are concise, vivid and interesting, which are gratifying man’s aesthetic sense. Idioms are also the essence of a language, which have strong national colors and distinctive cultural connotations. This thesismainly talks about English idioms and how to use English idioms properly in daily life.Key words: English idioms; meanings; applications; daily lifeContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)2. An Analysis of English idioms (3)2.1 Origin of English Idioms (3)2.2 Classification of English Idioms (6)2.3 Significance of English Idioms (7)3. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life (7)3.1 Application of Different Types of English Idioms (7)3.1.1 Food Culture and the English Idioms (7)3.1.2 English names and English idioms (8)3.1.3 Color and English idioms (9)3.1.4 Numbers and English idioms (10)3.1.5 The Bible and the English idioms (11)3.2 Restrictions on the Use of English Idioms in Daily Life (12)3.2.1 Idioms Used in Passive or Active V oice (12)3.2.2 Idioms Used on Formal and Informal Occasions (12)3.3.3 Idioms Not Used in Present Participles (12)4. Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)Acknowledgements (15)1. IntroductionIdioms, as a matter of fact, have no strict and accurate definition of themselves and it is just a custom from one generation to another. What is idiom about? After the comprehensive researching of a large amount of English-Chinese dictionaries, references and related documents, idioms in broad sense may include: set phrases, proverbs, singings, epigrams, slang expressions, colloquialisms, quotation two-part allegorical sayings,of which the fist part, always stated, is descriptive, while the second part sometimes unstated, carries the message (chiefly in Chinese) . Idioms are widely recognized as the essence or the crystallization of language, and fixed sentences or phrases which have been refined through ages of use. Idioms from the productive labor of ordinary people and life experiences, is the essence of the language and the epitome of a man in a long-term agreement to vulgar language practice. Idioms are unique, fixed expression of a language in the course of formation. Idioms formed in the course, after the test of practice, and gradually accepted by the people, they have a fixed structure and the strong historical colors. Idioms are the same as the essence of literary language. They carry the cultural characteristics and cultural information of a nation. While a relatively long history of language contains a lot of idioms, Chinese and English language all the same.Idioms, after a long-term use of language, derive from fixed phrases or short sentences. Idioms, or conventionalized multiword expressions, often but not always non-literal, are hardly marginal in English, though they have been relatively neglected in lexical studies of the language. This neglect is especially evident in respect of the functions of idioms. The apparent existence of idioms everywhere makes us realize the importance of them. The rest of the thesis will mainly explore the features and application of English idioms, in spite of the fact that they are the most opaque part of the vocabulary. Such as “not a word to anyone” (don’t tell anybody; keep it secret), “pull all one’s eggs in one basket”(place one’s all efforts, interest or hopes in a single person or thing), and “leave no stone unturned”( use every possible effort to find out; employ every possible enquiry).As English is becoming widely used, more and more people attach much importance to learning English.In the process of teaching high school English, teachers often blend the English idiom in subtly,not only can improve the students’ interest in learning English, but also enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons.In order to stimulate students’ interest in learning English teachers often spare no efforts to find ways.Through our own teaching practice, we found that English idioms greatly stimul ate students’ interest in learning.As English teachers, in order to increase the students’ vocabulary, we tend to adopt a number of ways of teaching.The word associated with a particular idiom linked to students’ vocabulary as a snowball rapidly. For example, a white lie(善意的谎言)，green-eyed(嫉妒的), cry over spilled milk(做无益的后悔), put all one’s eggs in one basket(孤注一掷) and so on. We should try our best to put what we have learnt into practice. To be an English learner knowing much about English is very important to comprehend the exact meaning of each idiom, and to use it properly. At the same time, you cannot infer the meaning of many English idioms personally and literally. Any small mistake in use may result in different meanings. If you are not prudent enough and use idioms in an improper way, maybe you will not express what you really want to, even misunderstood by others.Language is the carrier of culture, language, essentially speaking, teaching the course is to teaching the process of culture.Idioms der ive from people’s long-term use the phrases or sentences, which is the core and essence of the language.It reads fluently and sounds easy to remember.Very few words, but the reader can vividly convey his ideas and cause extensive association.People are becoming more and more interested in English idioms, because using vivid English idioms in proper time can make speaking and writing expressive, effective, concise, lively and unique. A s the role and importance of idioms Gorky said:It is a great way to teach us to learn to save time,compression language.All the people and experience life on the social history are typically concretized.Thus, a writer must know this material.Because of this,famous writers from all times are experts of using idioms,and idioms, sayings and more loved by the masses.In short,idioms are unique and have deep historical and cultural roots.It is a concentrated expression of the language in the form of special ingredients and a variety of ethnic and rhetorical devices. The following will focus on the resources, classification and meaning of English Idioms and the application of English idioms.2. An Analysis of English idioms2.1 Origin of English IdiomsAny language in a long and splendid history has its magic power and great influence on the people who speak or learn it. As a result, idioms have appeared since the people can record the history. Idioms come from the productive labor of ordinary people and life experiences. It has been long ages and has become conventions. They come from many aspects in our daily life. Most of the idioms in the world are derived from folk works. A large amount of English idioms are created by sailors on the sea, hunters in the woods, farmers in the fields, workers at mills, housewives and cooks in the kitchen and so on. When they are engaged in their specialized activities and production labors, it is always the case that there is a need of condensed sentences to express their thoughts associated with their jobs. Therefore, some sentences and phrases are produced by putting together the surrounding things that they are familiar with. A series of metaphor of vividness and provide food for thought are beloved by everyone and become their technology term in their occupation. As time goes by, the people have found out that this kind of terms and phrases can be used in a more extensive sense, and then using them in a variety of similar circumstances, most of which convey the exquisite philosophy that are enough to instruct and admonish the people. In the course of time, the idioms fall into a pattern that is universally appreciated, and become an essential part of modern English language. For instance, to hit the hay (to go to bed and sleep), the last straw (the final thing after a series of bad things, the thing that finally make you angry) are both created by farmers. The rope is used to tie down the livestock, the original meaning of end of one’s rope is the livestock which were tied down to one end of the rope, and the livestock can only eatthe gras s within the length of the rope and couldn’t move any farther. Now, its meaning is the limitation of one’s capacity. the end of one’s rope, to strike while the iron is hot (to do things at a proper time), to go through the mill (to go through a lot of hardships) etc. are invented by the English workers; while to cry over split milk(it’s no use to recall things that had passed away), to be half-baked (a little learning), in hot water (in a difficult situation), in apple-pie order(in good order), you cannot eat a cake and have it (you cannot own two things at one time) are produced by housewives and cooks. The idioms are full of wit and humor, spread from mouth to mouth. Some idioms come from historical stories, some come from fables, such as Greek fable, Norse mythology.The Greek mythology is the earliest folk oral creation, created between the twelfth century and the eighth century B.C. It has been spread by the Greeks from person to person, from generation to generation for hundreds of years. The continuously artistic treatment of it enables its existence in works of literary, history, philosophy. The Greek mythology occupies an important position in European culture; a great deal of myths became household known in some English speaking countries, thus having been a salutary lesson and reference in English idioms. There were two capes in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar: one is in Europe, the other is in Africa. The two capes used to join together, it was Hercules who broke the two capes apart, so they were called “the Pillars of Hercules”. At that time, the Greeks thought they were the farthest distance between the two places, so the idiom the Pillars of Hercules means “the ends of the earth”. In the idiom to act the part of a Trojan Horse, Trojan Horse alluded to the Greek mythology. “The ancient Greeks kept attacking on the Troy city but without victory, they pretended to withdraw the troops while leaving a pretty huge wooden horse with ambush in it. The huge wooden horse was taken into the Troy city as booty, at night, however, the Greek troops returned to Troy, cooperated with the ambush in the wooden horse and the Troy finally fell to the Greeks.” Today, the phrase Trojan House is taken as a matter of a trap for the enemy or the adversary and widely used as a thing that seems to be good for one while the truth is destructive. The king Augeas in Elis (in Greek myth) kept three thousand head of cattle, but the stockade had not been swept for thirty years, thedirty dung was piling up like a hill. Hercules received Eurystheus’ order to clean the stockade; Hercules used the water from the Alpheus River cleaned up the stockade in one day, the deed soon became one of the most heroic deeds of Hercules. Afterwards, “Augean stables”became an English idiom, whose meaning is the dirtiest place; the meaning of to cleanse the Augean stables is the figurative form of “to clean the gathering litters (the material, moral, religious, legal litters)”Fable originated in oral folk creation, some idioms derive from the Bible. The Bible is the classic works of the Christianity, which occupies an important place and has a great influence in the world literary works. Its English translation, especially the Authorized Version by the England King James I, laying the foundation of modern English, moreover, many literary works such as poems, plays and novels are all based on Bible. The Bible has a rather extensive influence on some Americans who believe in Christian, thus lots of idioms are from the Bible. The Bible influences the idioms mainly in two forms: the first influence is some Biblical characters and Bible stories were spread far and wide, finally they become the idioms; the second influence is that the Bible is well known in the western countries, the sentences and phrases are widely recited by the people, as time goes by, the sentences and phrases become idioms. Take the idiom to put new wine into old bottles for example, it means against the grain and extracted from New Testament—Matthew, Chapte r nine: “Neither do men put wine into old bottles, else the bottles break, nor the wine rennet out, and bottles perish, but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.” In this chapter, the “bottles” is translated into “leather bags”, becau se the containers at ancient times are made of hides, but not the same bottles as those we use now.Along with the development of English language, the literal meanings of numerous idioms originated from the Bible have been extended in varying degrees, such as cast pearls before swine derived from the New Testament—Matthew, Chapter seven, the original meaning is: “never cast pearls before pigs, or they may tramp the pearls and come to bite you in turn.” Now the extended meaning is “a bright pearl thrown int o darkness”; to make bricks without straw, an extract from Old Testament—Exodus: “Pharaohs never provide the arrested Israelis with straws, butcommand them to pick subtle of wheat, however, the amount of bricks they made must be as many as they made befor e.” Its extended meaning now is “You cannot make something out of nothing.”The above rough definition of idiom demonstrates us the classifications of them, of which the more profoundly we get the knowledge of its type, the more precisely we extract essence of it. As a result, before trying to translate the idioms we are required to check their classifications.2.2 Classification of English IdiomsThe idioms, in a broad sense, include slang, proverbs, common sayings and idioms. They have various forms, for example, phrases, clauses and sentences. Each nation has its own language, among which idiom is the essence and treasure, and has strong cultural characteristics. Relying on idiom’s advantages, it has a long history, and a profound moral and strong expression. Idioms often have strong national color and local color. Generally, idioms could be divided into four aspects: set phrases, proverbs, common sayings and a two-part allegorical saying. According to semantic relationship, the meaning of the idioms can be clearly figured out from each word’s meaning. For example, show one’ teeth; what done is done; green as grass (young or inexperienced). According to the grammatical functions:1)Idioms adjective in nature, their constitutes are probably not adjective. Forexample: as poor as a church mouse (having or earning barely enoughmoney for one’s own needs); all things to all men (take great pain to todayto all person).2)Idioms adverbial in nature, the idioms here contain numerous prepositionalphrases, which can be considered both as adjective and adverb, so the idioms which have the same structure may function differently in a sentence. For example, tooth and nail (with great violence and determination), heart and soul and so on.As we mentioned before, idioms are stable. The constitutes can not be changed or replaced, so the sentence idioms are sayings and proverbs, which can be subdivided into simple, compound sentences. e.g.:Am I your brother’s keeper? (simple)Pig might fly if he had wings. (complex)He who has ears, let him hear. (complex )Whatsoever a man sowed, that should he also reap. (compound).2.3 Significance of English IdiomsIt is important to know the exact meanings of them through using proper idioms on proper occasions. The previous parts focus on the origins and classification of the idioms which are extremely helpful for comprehending the meanings of English idioms. So we should know something about the origins of idioms first. It is better for us to try to learn and use idioms consciously as many as possible and try to apply them into our daily lives. Only in this way can we get to know the exact meanings of idioms, although it is a traditional way for study.Language is the carrier of culture. Language and culture are inseparable. English idioms are the essence of English and the cultural heritage of the people.3. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life3.1 Application of Different Types of English IdiomsAs everybody knows, the purpose of learning is to put what we learn into practice. From previous parts we have gotten a general comprehension of English idioms as well as classification and meanings of idioms. What we need to do next is to study the application of idioms in our daily life, and know how to use properly on suitable occasions. Generally speaking, it can divide the application into 6 aspects from different perspectives: first, application of different types of idioms; second, application of idioms for expressing different feelings or opinions; third, the restrictions in the use of English idioms.3.1.1 Food Culture and the English IdiomsNo matter in western countries or in China, food always have some symbolic meanings, so many idioms come from food culture.Bread is the main food in western countries, and it is the necessary food for westerners. In the Bible, bread is the staff of life, Jesus said to his followers,“ I tellyou the truth, it is my Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world. I am the bread of life. I am the bread of life. I am the living bread that comes down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.”“take the bread out of someone’s mouth”;“have one’s bread buttered for life”;“one’s daily bread”(Holy Bible, 256)Milk is not replaced in western countries, meanwhile, milk is a symbol of good and rich. Such as the two sentences, “A land flowing with milk and honey” means the land is fertil e. “The milk of human kindness” means the good nature of human beings.Honey is an important symbol, it is the supernatural being’s and poet’s favorite food. And it is related to purity, inspiration, eloquence and bless of God, meanwhile, honey stands for sweet of love. Such as “be as sweet as honey”“The honeymoon is over.”“It was no honeymoon.”After knowing about idioms and folk culture, we should understand an idiom in context. Let us see an example below.If there is a saying: “this tin opener’s driving me round the bend! I think I’ll throw it away and get a new one.” Then the context and the common sense tell us that Drive round the bend refers to something different from driving a car round a curve in the road. So the context point out that the tin opener is not working properly and that it’s having an effect on the person using it.“Drive or send somebody round the bend” is an idiom used as an informal style meaning “to make someone very bored or very angry.”(Wang Fuxiang, 58)3.1.2 English names and English idiomsDid heroes create history? Or did history produce heroes? This question has confused people for ages. Plenty of English idioms with names relate to historical figures. John Hancock, one of Boston’s leaders during the crisis, led to the outb reak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress for two years and was the first governor of the Commonwealthof Massachusetts. People remember him for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence. John Hancock is a synonym for signature in the United States. For example: Please put your “John Hancock” on this document. Another well-known idiom is from Sir Jack Robinson, the Constable of the Tower of London or several years from 1660 onward. It is said that he was in any way unusually quick in dispatching the Tower’s inmates. Therefore, before you can say Jack Robinson became an expression of a short time e.g. “Done!”There are enumerable English idioms with names coming from Greek and Roman mythology, or Aesop’s fables. For example, Pandora’s Box refers to box full of trouble. In Greek stories, Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. However, Eris, goddess of discord, was uninvited. Angered by this snub, Eris arrived at the celebration, where she threw a golden apple (the Apple of Discord) into the proceedings, on which was the inscription the fairest one. Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. They asked Zeus to judge which of them was fairest and eventually Zeus reluctant to declared that Paris.3.1.3 Color and English idiomsThe cognition of human beings towards colors is the most fundamental and direct one. But color words or color idioms are the most distinct, the direct and the most concrete image pattern that human beings hold. The diversity of things makes up the diversity of colors. In return the diversity of colors advances the diversifying development of human vocabulary, with the consistent evolution of human thinking; human beings are more and more exposed to other things. So it’s a great need to obtain both abundant and precious color words to describe our beautiful world. The frequent use of color idioms fully reflects the close relations between languages and cultures. Color words are the most culturally connotative one in English vocabulary. Besides representing their concrete colors, they also reflect their cultural background.In both China and England, red is related to some celebrations or happy days. For example, in English, a red letter day means a celebration day or a happy day. In Chinese, kaimenhong and zouhongyun represent happy and successful things. White makes people be associated with no value. For example, in English, they have whiteelephant or white hope. That means something with no value. In Chinese, we have baifei,baida and so on. All these can be translated into all in vain, which have no association with white. Black represents disastrous or unwelcoming people or things. For example, in English black Friday refers the financial crises that happened on September 24th, 1869 and September19th, 1873. In Chinese, we have black Monday or black July representing unlucky days.3.1.4 Numbers and English idiomsWesterners think that unharmony is good. Even number is unlucky and singular number is lucky expect 13 in their heart, that is contrary to the Chinese culture. So when people express further feelings, they often add hundred or thousand to “one”, such as “have one thousand and one things to do” and “one hundred and one thanks”.“Three” is respected by all western countries. And it is regarded as a dignified and lucky symbol, which is made by the trinity. Westerners consider that world is made of earth, ocean and sky. And nature includes animal, plant and mineral. On all accounts, westerners prefer the number “3” which is regarded as a perfect number.“All Good thing go by three.”“This is the third time; I hope good luck lies in odd numbers”“three-ring circus”“Three’s a crowd.”“three score and ten.”“Seven” is the most mysterious number, and it influences further on western culture and even all over the world. “Seven” is a holy number in the western culture. Westerners pay attention to seven kinds of virtues, seven periods of human beings and so on, because “seven” is scared. For example, God use six days to create the earth, the seventh day is regarded as the rest day. The virtue and sin are related to “seven”.e.g.“seven virtues.”“seven deadly sins.”“the seven corporal work of mercy.”“There are many idioms about seven.”“ A man may lose more in an hour than he can get in seven.”“ keep a thing seven years and you will find a use for it.”“ the seventh son of a seven son.”“Thirteen” is a frighten ing number. Westerners regard “thirteen” as the first taboo. In the history, there is a saying in the western country that “Thirteen is an unlucky number.” Westerners never use thirteen in their floor number and house number as soon as possible.“Friday” is an unlucky day in westerners’ eyes, too. If one day is the thirteenth and Friday, westerners will feel more anxious on that day. e.g.:“Black Friday.”“Man Friday.”“Friday face.”3.1.5 The Bible and the English idiomsThe western traditional belief is Christianity. Religious is the spirit power of westerners and God is the master of westerners. So there are many idioms with God and religion. e.g.:“He loses nothing that loses no God.”“Have God and have all.”“A man without religion is a horse without a bridle.”“The danger past and God forgotten.”Having great faith in Christianity, westerners use idioms with God in many aspects. When people curse, they say “Good God”; when people swear, they say “By God”. If you are lucky all of sudden, you can say “God comes to see without a bell”. If you talk about somebody who just pursues luxury, you can say “make a God of one’s belly”.The bible is the most important and unique classical work, so many idioms come from the Bible.“The Salt of the Earth” comes from the Bible. According to the Matth ew, Jesus said to his followers that “Y ou are the salt of the earth: but if the salt lost his savor,where shall it be salted?” Jesus compared his followers to “the Salt of the Earth”, which is the highest praise. The words are often used to describe the excellent people.“Gast pearls before swine”, which comes from the Bible “Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you.” (Feng Qinghua, 231)3.2 Restrictions on the Use of English Idioms in Daily LifeEnglish idioms are so commonly used in people’s daily lives, which do not mean that you can use any idioms on any occasions at will. In this part, I generally discuss some restrictions in the use of phrasal verbs, whether they can be used in passive tense or active tense, on formal or informal occasions, in present participles.3.2.1 Idioms Used in Passive or Active VoiceSome idioms can only be used in passive tense, while some can only used in active tense.“Hitch one’s wagon to a star”(be ambitious), is often used in active tense. (Jin Di and Eugene A. Nida)“Pay the penalty”(suffer from punishment), is only used in active tense.I only gave several examples, and there are some others. We should be very careful when we use these phrasal verbs in daily life.Passive voice, for example, “Rome is not built in a day.” “be kept inside a drum”.3.2.2 Idioms Used on Formal and Informal OccasionsSome idioms, as informal idioms, can be used habitually in spoken English, but some are used in formal written styles.“Make a beeline for” (run straight towards), is used as informal expression.“Flunk out” (fail), is used as informal expression.3.3.3 Idioms Not Used in Present Participles“Swallow up” (make somebody disappear), is rarely used in present participle.“Look good” (seem suitable), is not used in present participle.“Grab at a straw”(catch a straw that can save one’s life)。
词汇学概念整理
1、区别Lexeme Word MorphemesA lexeme is the smallest unit in the meaning system of a language. The lexeme “give” includes as members “give”, “gives”, “given”, “giving”, “gave”, but excludes “giver” and “givers”. A lexeme is an abstract unit. It can occur in many different forms in actual spoken and written sentences.A word is a minimal meaningful unit of a language that can function independently.Morphemes are known as minimal meaningful units of a language.2、组合形式A combining form is a bound root that can form a new word by combining with another combining form, a word, or sometimes an affix, for example techno- and -phobe in technophobe.3、区别Root base stermA root is the basic form of a word which cannot the further analyzed without total loss of identity.. internationalA base is a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added.. grace ---- graceful ---- ungracefulThe stem is used only when we deal with inflectional affixes, so any form to which an inflectional affix is attached is a stem.. works, workers, workshops4、转化法定义Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Since words that are made do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.N---V bottle to bottleAdj----V dry to dryV------N look have a look5、截短法定义及分类Clipping/shortening(截短法)is the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. Words formed in this way are called “clipped words”.There are four common types of clipping: apocope/back clipping, aphaeresis/front clipping, front and back clipping, syncope.例子exam---examination phone---telephone tec----detective pacifist----pacificist6、关联意义的定义与分类Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate.Connotative meaning refers to the overtones(弦外之音) or associations suggested by the conceptual ,cowardly,emotional Affective meaning expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in helloCollocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words with which it co-occurs. pretty handsomeStylistic meaning: daddy male parent7、同形异义词的定义及分类Concretely speaking, homonyms are words different in meaning, but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.Homonyms fall into three types: absolute homonyms, which are words identical both in sound and spelling; date base . homophones, which are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning; night/knight leak/leek homographs, which are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and sow8、区分歧义与含混Ambiguity refers to the phenomenon that a word, phrase or sentence has more than one meaning. Are you engaged Vagueness is caused by the indistinction and unclearness of language. A vague word is one that has an indefinite denotation(外延概念).forest wood city town9、同义词及其分类A synonym is a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language. Synonyms can be classified into two groups: perfect synonyms, which are words identical in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceeptual and associative meaning, compounding/composition and partial synonyms, which are similar in essential meaning, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a give pair上义词和下义词The relationship in which the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word is called hyponymy. For example, the words animal and dog are related in this way. The specific term dog is called a hyponym, and the general term animal is called a superordinate term.词义变化Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized or has extended to cover a broader and often less definite concept.Narrowing of meaning, also called specialization, is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.Degadation or pejoration of meaning is a process by which words of good origin or affective neutrality fall into ill reputation or come to be used in a derogatory sense.12、为什么英语谚语具有结构固定性Characteristics of idioms: 1) Semantic unity : Each idiom is a semantic unity. The meaning of an idiom is very often not the total sum of the meanings of the constituent parts. In other words, an idiom functions as a unit of meaning which cannot be predicted from the literal meaning of its member words. 2) Structural stability:Structural stability means that the structure of an idiom usually remains unchangeable. In other words, the constituent components of an idiom can not, generally speaking, be replaced.13、Word formationDerivation:man superman. compounding:greeenhand conversion:nurse-to nurse. Abbreviation. back formation: to beg-beggar. onomatopoeia:bark词的理据Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol (the word form) and its meaning. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary, most words can be said to be non-motivated. These words are known as opaque words. Nevertheless, English does have words the meanings of which are transparent and reasonably explicable. These words are known as transparent words. Motivation can occur in four ways:phonetic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation, etymological motivation.。
idioms
Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.ECCLESIASTES OR, THE PREACHERI am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the endingTHE REVELATIONWhich hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil , reliable personHebrewI beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire. GodDanielAnswer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also be like unto him.Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own conceit.proverbsHe found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eyeDeuteronomyAsk for bread and be given a stone 得非所求MatthewAs old as Methuselah genAs the sparks fly upward 必然的jobA beam in one’s eyes mattBeat the airBeelzebubBenjamin’s messBe the sweat of one’s brow，辛勤劳动谋生Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith，prov,Blaze abroadBlind leaders of the blindBone of the bone and flesh of the fleshThe book of lifeBore sb’s earThe bottomless pit, REVBow down one’s ear, PS,The bowels of mercy,Break bread with, treated well, actA broken reed, 不可靠的人Build on a rockBuild on the sand’Bull of Bashan, violent enemyBurial of an ass 野葬By the skin of one’s teeth jobCast pearl before swine, MatthewCast the first stone, johnCast the bread upon the waters, 行善eccles The cities of the plain, Lot genA covenant of salt, 不可违背num Darken counsel, 混乱jobA dead dog, 废物samDo as you would be done by, mat The dog returns to the vomit, peterDraw a bow at a venture, 瞎碰kings Eat one’s own flesh, 惯用懈怠jamEntertain an angel unawares, hebEye for an eye, mattFill up the measure of one’s fathers, 恶贯满盈mattFilthy lucre, pet The first and the last, revThe flesh-pots of Egypt, exodThe fly in the ointment, 美中不足ecclesFolly is joy to him that is destitute of wisdom: but a man of understanding walketh uprightly, provFor dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return, genGall and wormwood, 极不愉快的事lamGird up the loins, petGive charge over, nehGive up the ghost, jobThe golden bowl is broken, deadecclesGo on all fours, levA grain of mustard seed, 迅速发展mattA great gulf fixed, lukeHang/have a millstone about /round sb’s neck, lukeHave clean hands, ps Have itching ears, tim Heap coals of fire on sb’s head, 以德抱怨provHe that runs may read, 明白易懂habHide one’s light under a bushel, mattHold one’s peace, 沉默mattHorse gate, chronThe house of god, genSalt of the earth mattIn one’s right mind, 头脑清醒markIs there no balm in Gilead? JerIs the servant a dog, that he should do this thing, kingsIt is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God, markThe key shall be on his shoulder, 肩负重任IsKing of terrors, jobKiss one’s own hand, 尊重自己jobThe laborer is worthy of his hire, lukeLabor of love, 爱心工作thess Lamb of God, john Land flowing milk and honey, exodThe land of Beulah, [宗]以色列的别名ISThe land of Nod, gen Laugh to scorn, provLay the axe to the root of sth, mattLay up in a napkin, 藏着不用luke Lead by the nose, IsThe leopard can not change its spots, JerLet the cup pass from me, mattlet the dead bury their dead, mattLet us eat and drink, for to morrow we shall die, IsLick the dust, ps Lie with sb’s fathers, genLift up sb’s head, psLift up the heel against sb, 攻击人psLift up the horn on high, 趾高气扬psThe light of the world, john The light of countenance 容光焕发psThe lines have fallen to me in pleasant places, 命运光顾我psLine upon line, 三令五申IsA living dog is better than a dead lion,ecclesMake brick without straw, exodMake the hair stand on end, job Make light of, 轻视matt The mammon of unrighteousness, 钱luke,man of sin, thessThe man of sorrows, IsMan of war, exod Morning watch, exodA mote in sb’s eye, mattMy horn hath he exalted, 崭露头角sam The nakedness of the land, 无防备地方gen the narrow way, mattNew Jerusalem, rev Nimrod, genNot let the left had know what the right hand does, matt\ Not to be worthy to unloose the latchet of sb’s shoe, johnOne’s bowels yearned upon, 同情genOne’s ewe lamb, 唯一的孩子samOpen sb’s eye, mattThe pale horse, revA pillar of the cloud, exodThe powers that be, 当局rom Proclaim upon the housetop, 宣扬luke\put new wine in old bottles, mattPut up the sword, matt Quench the smoking flax, 落井下石IsA reed shaken by the wind, matt Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s mattRespect of persons, 看人说话jamRule with rod of iron, psThe scales fell from his eyes, actsSeparate the sheep from the goats, mattSet on bread, gen Shake the dust from one’s feet, mattShoot out the lip, psSmite hip and thigh, 使惨败judg\ smit sb under the fifth rib, samA soft answer turns away wrath, provSon of God,Spare the rod and spoil the child, provThe spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak, mattSpoil the Egyptians, exodStiff-necked, jer Stone of stumbling, Is Strain at a gnat and swallow a camel, matt,Strong meat, heb Take the name of God in vain, exod Take thought for sth, mattTell it not in Gath, 迦特(基督教《圣经》中腓力斯五大城市之一) samTheir name is legion, markA thorn in the flesh of sb, corThe tree is known by its fruit, mattThe tree of knowledge of good and evil, genTurn the other cheek, mattThe valley of the shadow of death, PsVials of one’s wrath, revThe wages of sin, 死亡romThe weaker vessel, peterWear sackcloth and ashes, dan,wolf in sheep’s clothing, mattAnanias, act punished for being selfishBalaam’s assBear one’s own crossBlack FridayBlack MondayChosen peopleChristmasThe city of DavidCrusadeDaniel in the lion’s denDavidDavid and JonathanDeath in the potDoomsday bookThe dove of peaceEat no fish 好人Eden gardenEgyptian darknessEpiphany（耶稣显灵的）显现节，主显节（1月6日）Fakir (伊斯兰教或印度教的)托钵僧, 苦行者, 骗子The feast of tabernacles 住棚节Feet of clayThe field of bloodFinger on the wallFish dayFlesh pots of Egypt，留恋过去不思进取Forbidden fruitGarden of Gethsemane客西马尼(耶路撒冷附近的花园; 耶稣受难处)Good FridayA good SamaritanHave sb’s mantle fall upon oneHoly grailHoly warIn Abraham’s bosomInnocents’ dayIs saul also among the prophetsJacob and RachelJacob’s ladderJonah’s gourdJudas’ kissKill the fatted calfLast judgmentLetter of UriahLeviathanLost sheepMammonMan of blood 凶手Man of peace，太平的人，solomonMan shall not live by bread aloneA man without sandalsMy little finger shall be thicker than my father’s loins NaamanNaboth’s vineyard [圣经]拿伯(葡萄园主,其葡萄园被亚哈王垂涎夺去)NeroThe number of the BeastPalm SundayPassoverPastorPillar of saltPopeA prophet is not without honour save in his own country PurimThe queen of shebaRob Peter to pay PaulSalomeSamaria撒马利亚(古代巴勒斯坦与约旦河间一个地区, 古代巴勒斯坦的城市, 以色列王国首都)ScapegoatSell one’s birthright for a mess of pottageSeparate the husk from the grain,, husk（果类或谷物的）外壳Thunder on the Mount SinaiThe tower of BabelThe valley of AchorVaticanA voice in the wildernessThe walls of JerichoThe wandering JewWash hand of sthWash the feet of sbWhited sepulchersThe widow’s cruseWidow’s miteWorship the golden calf。
新英语视听说教程_答案及原文unit_2
Unit 2 Lectures and ReportsThinking Ahead1. Do you like studying English by yourself or following some lectures? And why?2. Have you ever made public speech or given a report to others? If yes, please describe your feelings at that time.Secrets of powerful speaking1.do enough research on the subject/ knowledgeable enough about the subject2.have passion for your speech3.overcome the nervousness/fear of public speaking4. Some techniques for effective speakinga. speak from notesb. keep it conversationalc. use stories to illustrate your pointsd. use humor throughout your presentatione. use props and involve the audiencef. prepare for a powerful closingT ask 1Exercise 1Explain the following idioms in English according to the video.1.to eat like a horseT o eat a lot.2.straight from the horse’s mouthT o get some information directly from the person responsible for it.3.to flog a dead horseT o waste effort on something that we have no chance of succeeding at.Exercise 2 Making SentencesMake one sentence with each idiom.1.to eat like a horse.He eats like a horse.He must be very hunger. He is eating like a horse now.2.straight from the horse’s mouthMy boss is going to fire me. I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth.I got the ne ws straight from the horse’s mouth.3. to flog a dead horseI sometimes feel like I’m flogging a dead horse when I’m teaching.Don’t try to flog a dead horse.Other idioms related to horsea horse of different color完全是另外一回事。
学英语必备的 100 idioms
100 idioms1.cold comfort不起作用的安慰2. a fly in the ointment油药美中不足之处3.spill the beans泄密4.bark up the wrong tree攻击错误对象5.white elephant 大而累赘6.get one’s goat【替罪羊】故意为难；惹某人发火；使人发怒或厌恶7.Jack of all trades全才8.Soft fire makes sweet malt.慢工9.rule of thumb单凭经验来做的方法10.drug in the market滞销的东西11.dodge the column逃避承担自己工作12.Nothing succeeds like success.一事成，事事成13.ruffle one’s feathers露出弱点14.drag one’s feet拖拖拉拉15.move heaven and earth16.pull one’s socks up振作起来17.do somebody brown使人上当18.part and parcel重要必要部分19.fair and square 光明正大20.behind the eightball处于不利地位21.fit the bill适合某人目的22.as cool as a cucumber冷静e clean全盘招供24.chew the fat闲谈；聊天25. a fly on the wheel自大的人26.red herring转移注意力的话/物27.bide one's time等待时机28.play to the gallery讨好观众迎合低级趣29.keep one’s head above water免遭灭顶，不负债30.get wind of听闻31.fall flat完全失败32.like a cat on hot bricks热锅上的蚂蚁33.It's an ill bird that fouls its own nest.家丑34.draw a blank抽空签；[口]未找到落空35.between the devil and the deep blue sea进退维谷36.bag and baggage完全的彻底的37.Never do things by halves.]凡事不可半途而废38.sheet anchor最后的或主要的靠山39.pull one’s leg开玩笑40.make the grade成功41.The pot calls the kettle black. 责人严律己宽42.show the white feather显示胆怯43.Achilles’ heel致命的弱点44.wide of the mark毫不相干45.through thick and thin不顾艰难46.take the biscuit名列第一，得头奖，列榜首，获胜完全出人意料之外，了不起；真是再妙不过，超群出众[常作反语，用于讽刺或表示惊讶]47.Bite the bullet忍痛，咬紧牙关48.put a spoke in one’s wheels破坏计划49.Fish begins to stink at the head.上梁50.bite one’s tongue off后悔51.narrow escape九死一生52.part and parcel重要部分53.swallow the bait上钩54.beyond the pale失宠，丢脸55.make one’s bed 自作自受56.The mills of God grind slowly.天网恢恢57.jump down one’s throat突然粗暴的回答或者打断某人；使哑口无言58.blue chip热门的股票59.tie the knot[法]结婚60.proud flesh伤口愈合后凸现出来的疤61. a moot point悬而未决的问题62.Penelope‘s web永远不可能完成的工作63.to play fast and loose玩弄敷衍64.the milk of human kind天生的善心人情味65.call a spade a spade实事求是66.tooth and nail拼命地67.with flying colors出色的成功的68.make short work of迅速干掉69.breathe down one’s neck催逼，严密监视70.Hobson’s choice无选择余地71.as fit as a fiddle 非常健康72.by hook or by crook不择手段无论如何73.Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 情人眼里出西施74.get the axe: 被解雇，被开除75.hit the hay 去睡觉76.His name rings a bell 名字听起来很熟77.to jump the gun 行动过早，结论错误78.look for a needle in a haystack像大海捞针一样困难79. a stone's throw一箭之遥80.as blind as bat有眼无珠81.as wise as an owl像猫头鹰一样聪明82.as merry as cricket 像蟋蟀一样快活83. a dirty dog 卑鄙小人84.to work like a dog 拼命的工作85.to be top dog 居于要位86. a bull dog 难相处的人87.to see which way the cat jumps 静观事态的发展88.let the cat out of the bag 泄露秘密89.bell the cat 冒险行为90.to be a cat’s paw 被人利用,吃力不讨好91.to cock his nose 一副看不起人的样子92.fish story 荒唐的故事93.The best fish swim near the bottom. 最好的鱼总是沉在水底的.(即好货难求.)94.to have a wolf in the stomach极端饥饿95.to wolf it down狼吞虎咽96.to talk turkey开诚布公地谈话me duck无力偿还债务的破产者98.to look a gift horse in the mouth吹毛求疵99.from the horse’s mouth直接得来的消息. 100.chicken head 笨蛋,蠢人101.Greek: myth, geometry, tragedy, gymnasticstin: formula,memorandum,area, genius 103.French: unique, routine, canteen, police 104.Italy: opera, costume, bass, tenor105.Spain: cargo, parade, vanilla, cigar。
英语Idioms汇总
英语Idioms汇总英语Idioms 汇总unit11. Breath of life 生命的气息Poetry and art are the breath of life to her.诗歌和艺术是她的生命之源。
2. Garden of Eden 伊甸园Life is no Garden of Eden at the moment.现今的生活没有乐土。
3. Adam and Eve 亚当和夏娃I don' t remember when all this took place. Perhaps it was when Adam andEve lived. 我不记得这所有的事是何时发生的，也许是在很久很久以前。
There is a tendency of longevity 长寿on his mother ' s side. Both his grandpa and grandma lived to be over ninety —lived to be Adam and Eve, as they say.在他母亲那系有长寿的趋向。
他的外祖父和外祖母都活到了九十多岁，就像他们说的，要长命百岁。
4. Adam' s profession 亚当的职业He has always been thinking of engaging in Adam' sprofession when he retires.他总是想要在退休后从事园艺工作。
5. Bone of one ' s bonesand flesh of oneesh 骨中骨，肉中肉I hold myself supremely blest—blest beyond what language can express; because I am my husband ' s life as fully as he is mine. No woman was ever nearer to her mate than I am: ever more absolutely bone of his bones and flesh of his flesh .融为一体Jane EyreThe trade union was bone of the bones and flesh of the flesh of the workers.工会和工人们休戚相关。
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No.
Idiom
Meaning of the idiom
Sentence using the idiom
1*
Ace an exam
receive an almost perfect score
I want toace the examon Friday.
Fat chancethat he will be able to lift that 500 pound weight.
15
Full of beans
you don’t know what you are talking about
He wasfull of beanswhen he was bragging about playing basketball
The catgot her tonguewhen she was introduced to Chen.
12
That’s the way the cookie crumbles
That’s life; it isn’t fair but it’s the way things go
I’m sorry that you don’t want to make up your assignments, but that’s the way the
Help me
Will you please lend me a hand with this load of laundry.
44*
Hang in there
Don’t give up
Hang in there and finish your project
45
Off to a flying start
He kept beating around the bush instead of just asking for a date.
31*
Bend over backwards
Do whatever it takes to help; willing to do anything
He always bends over backwards when I ask him to help on a project
Starting out well
Our team had three wins and was off to a flying start.
46
Hop to it
Get going, start now
Hop to it or you will be late meeting the deadline
leave me alone
I told her to getoff my back.
20*
Give my right arm
willing to give something
valuable to get something
I’dgive my right armto know if she likes me.
34
Uptight
Worried and irritated
He was very uptight about doing his research properly
35*
Buzz off
Go away
I told him to buzz off and leave me alone
36
Wiped out
cookie crumbles.
13
Food for thought
something that is worth thinking about
His presentation on the environment isfood for thought.
14
Fat chance
little or no possibility
21*
Go jump in the lake
go away and stop bothering me
I told him togo jump in the lakeafter he had called me 10 times.
22*
Hit the ceiling
to become very angry
Very tired and fatigued
He was wiped out after the three hour English test
37
Out of this world
Very good, excellent
Her presentation was out of this world
as good as Michael Jordan.
16*
Get to the point
talk about the important idea
It took the lecturer a long time toget to the point.
17
Get off my back
leave me alone
24
Tie the knot
to get married
Let’stie the knotduring Chinese New Year.
25
Stick up for
to defend against attack
But teacher, I had tostick up formy sister.
29
A slap on the wrist
Very mild punishment
His father gave him a slap on the wrist for taking the car without permission
30
Beat around the bush
Avoid the main topic
4*
As mad as a hornet
very angry
I wasmad as a hornetwhen the thief stole my purse.
5
Cup of tea
something you enjoy or do well or easily
Playing the piano was her cup of tea.
8*
Cold turkey
stopping something abruptly
He stopped smokingcold turkey.
9*
Big cheese
top executive of a company,CEO
Dress nice for work tomorrow because thebig cheeseis coming to see us.
51*
High on the hog
Living the life of luxury
He lived high on the hog after his big raise.
52*
Gut feeling
Person intuition, especially when you feel like something isn’t right.
47*
Level with me
Tell me the truth
Come on, level with me.
48
Worth his salt
Very valuable person
I’m glad we hired him. He definitely is worth his salt.
49*
38*
Like looking for a needle in a haystack
Very hard to find, looking for something small in something big
To find my ring in the bag of rice was like looking for a needle in a
41*
Go fly a kite
Go away
I told him to leave me alone and go fly a kite.
42*
Time flies
Times passes quickly
Time flies when you are having fun.
43
Lend me a hand
26
Take down
to write or record
Pleasetake downthe instructions I am going to give you.
28*
A drop in the bucket
A very small part of the whole
I feel like a drop in the bucket in China.
32
Bite your tongue
Avoid talking even when you want to say something
He had to bite his tongue while his wife told the story
33
Run into
to meet by chance
It was so fun torun intoyou.
Throw in the towel
to give up or admit defeat
I’m ready tothrow in the towelon this project.