三大从句与动词不定式的转换

三大从句与动词不定式的转换

作者：师孝武

来源：《高中生·高考指导》2015年第02期

一、定语从句与不定式的转换

1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，主句与从句主语一致时，可转换为“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。命题方向主要为考查“介词+关系词”的选择。

例1 The farmers use wood to build a house ______ to store grains all the year round.

A. with which ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

B. to which

C. for which ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

D. on which

解析：此题可还原为一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：The farmers use wood to build a house with which they can store grains all the year round.因主句与从句主语一致，把定语从句转换为“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构，即“with which to store”。答案为A。

例2 Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ to produce the workings of his own hands.

A. that ; ; ; ;

B. in which ; ; ;

C. by which ; ; ;

D. how

解析：此题可还原为一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：Frank’s dream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands. 因主句与从句主语一致，把定语从句转换为“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构，即“in which to produce”。答案为B。

2.定语从句转换为不定式作定语，表示将来。命题方向主要为考查不定式作定语表将来意义。

例3 The play ______ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

B. being produced

C. to be produced ; ; ; ; ; ;

D. having been produced

解析：此题可还原为一个定语从句：The play which will be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.因不定式的一般式可以作定语，表将来意义，可把表示将来被动的定语从句“which will be produced next month” 改为不定式的被动形式“to be produced next month”。答案为C。

例4 The chairman insists that there be a meeting ______ within the shortest possible time.

A. to hold ; ; ;

B. to be held

C. to have been held ; ; ;

D. to be holding

解析：此题可还原为一个定语从句：The chairman insists that there be a meeting which will be held within the shortest possible time.因不定式的一般式作定语可表示将来，可把表示将来被动的定语从句which will be held 改为不定式的被动形式to be held。答案为B。

二、名词性从句与不定式的转换

1.宾语从句与不定式的转换：当疑问词引导的宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构。命题方向主要为考查不定式短语。

例5 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.

A. it what to do with ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

D. to do what with it

解析：此题可还原为一个宾语从句：...the government knows what it will do with it.前一个it 指the government，宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构，即“what to do with it”。答案为C。

2.由it作形式主语的主语从句与不定式的转换：

（1）句型“It+be+said / reported / believed / thought / supposed that sb. / sth. +谓语”可转换为“sb. / sth.+be+said / reported / believed / thought / supposed +不定式”。命题方向主要为考查不定式的时态和语态。

例6 —Is Bob still performing？

—I’m afraid not. He is sai d ______ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

B. to leave

C. to have been left ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

D. to be left

解析：此题可把“He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official”还原为“It is said that he has left the stage already ...”。题干中的句型为“sb. is said +不定式”，already 暗示完