William Faulkner (1897-1962)音频版final
William Faulkner威廉 福克纳
him greatly.
✬ In WWI, Faulkner joined the Canadian, and later the British Royal Air.
In1924 his first book of poetry, The Marble Faun, was published.
✬
Sanctuary in 1931 brought him commercial success.
福克纳William_Faulkner简介
1929, two novels: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury 1929-1942, most productive: 2 short-story collections, a
Mr. Compson is an alcoholic. Mrs. Compson is a selfabsorbed hypochondriac who depends almost entirely upon Dilsey to raise her four children. Quentin, the oldest child, is a sensitive bundle of neuroses. Caddy, his sister, is stubborn, but loving and compassionate. Quentin commited suicide after Caddy's losing her virginity and their family's decline. Jason has been difficult and mean-spirited since birth and is largely spurned by the other children. Benjy is severely mentally disabled, an “idiot” with no understanding of the concepts of time or morality.
Part1: Benjy (the youngest son), a fool Part 2: Quentin (the oldest son)，a suicide Part 3: Jason (the second son)，a cynical man Part 4: Dilsey (the maid), the omniscient view
William Faulkner
Writing
From the early 1920s to the outbreak of WWII, when Faulkner left for California, he published 13 novels and numerous short stories, the body of work that grounds his reputation and for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize at the age of 52.
Life Experience
Influence of His Family His own family found a way in his novels. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of blacks and whites, his characterization of Southern characters and timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people dwelling behind the faades of good old boys and simpletons
英语故事-William Faulkner
英语故事William Faulkner威廉·福克纳，美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，意识流文学在美国的代表人物，1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主，获奖原因为“因为他对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”。
William FaulknerWilliam Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was a Noble Prize-Winning American author. One of the most influential writers of the 20th century, his reputation is based on his novels, novellas and short stories. He was also a published poet and an occasional screenwriter.Most of Faulkner’s works are set in his native stateof Mississippi. He is considered one of the most important southern writers along with mark twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery O’Connor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, and Tennessee Williams. While his work was published regularly starting in the mid 1920s, Faulkner was relatively unknown before receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature. Since then, he has often been cited as one of the most important writers in the history of American literature.WritingFrom the early 1920s to the outbreak of WWII, when Faulkner left for California, he published 13 novels and numerous short stories, the body of work that grounds his reputation and for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize at the age of 52. this prodigious output, mainly driven by an obscure writer’s need for money, includes his most celebrated novels such as the Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930),Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936). Faulkner was also a prolific writer of short stories. His first short story collection, These 13 (1931), includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently anthologized) stories, includes “A Rose for Emily”, “Red Leaves”, “That Evening Sun”, and “Dry September”. Faulkner set many of his short stories and novels in Yoknapatawpha County—based on, and nearly geographically identical to, Lafayette County, of which his hometown of Oxford, Mississippi is the county seat. Yoknapatawpha was Faulkner’s “postage stamp”, and the bulk of work that it represents is widely considered by critics to amount to one of the most monumental fictional creations in the history of literature three novels, the hamlet, the town and the mansion, known collectively as the Snopes Trilogy, document the town of Jefferson and its environs as an extended family headed by Flem Snopes insinuates itself into the lives and psyches of the general populace. It is a stage wherein rapaciousness and decay come to the fore in a world where such realities were always present, but never so compartmentalized and well defined; their sources never so easily identifiable.Characterized by André Malraux as “the intrusion of Greek tragedy into the detective story.” its themes of evil and corruption, bearing southern gothic tones, resonate to this day. Requiem for a nun (1951), a play/novel sequel to sanctuary, is the only play that Faulkner published, except for his the marionettes, which he essentially self-published -- in a few hand-written copies -- as a young man.Faulkner is known for an experimental style with meticulous attention to diction and cadence. In contrast to the minimalist understatement of his contemporary Ernest Hemingway, Faulkner made frequent use of “stream of consciousness”in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes gothic or grotesque stories of a wide variety of characters including former slaves or descendants of slaves, poor white, agrarian, or working-class southerners, and southern aristocrats. In an interview with the Paris review in 1956, Faulkner remarked, “let the writer take up surgery or bricklaying if he isinterested in technique. There is no mechanical way to get the writing done, no shortcut. The young writer would be a fool to follow a theory. Teach yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by error. The good artist believes that nobody is good enough to give him advice. He has supreme vanity. no matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him.”another esteemed southern writer, Flanner O’Connor, stated that, “the presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the Dixie limited is roaring down.”Faulkner also wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun (1924) and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of crime-fiction short stories, Knight’s Gambit (1949).AwardsIn 1946, Faulkner was one of three finalists for the first Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine Award. He came in second to Manly Wade Wellman. Faulkner received the 1949 Nobel Prize for literature for “his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.”though he won the Nobel Prize for 1949, it was not awarded until the 1950 awards banquet, when Faulkner was awarded the 1949 prize and Bertrand Russell the 1950 prize. He donated a portion of his Nobel winnings “to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers,” eventually resulting in the Pen/Faulkner award for fiction. He donated another portion to a local oxford bank to establish an account to provide scholarship funds to help educate African-American education majors at nearby rust college in holly springs, Mississippi. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for what are considered as his “minor”novels: his 1954 novel A Fable, which took the Pulitzer in 1955, and the 1962 novel, The Reivers, which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963. He also won two National Book awards, first for his collected stories in 1951 and once again for hisnovel A Fable in 1955. On August 3, 1987, the United States postal service issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor.。
《在诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上的演讲》译文英汉对比评析
《在诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上的演讲》译文英汉对比评析威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner 1897年9月25日－1962年7月6日），美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，意识流文学在美国的代表人物，1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主，获奖原因为“因为他对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”。
他一生共写了19部长篇小说与120多篇短篇小说，其中15部长篇与绝大多数短篇的故事都发生在约克纳帕塔法县，称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。
其主要脉络是这个县杰弗生镇及其郊区的属于不同社会阶层的若干个家族的几代人的故事，时间从1800年起直到第二次世界大战以后。
世系中共600多个有名有姓的人物在各个长篇、短篇小说中穿插交替出现。
最有代表性的作品是《喧哗与骚动》。
本文讨论的是威廉伯克纳在诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上的演讲一个译文，关于威廉伯克纳在颁奖典礼上的演讲，正值威廉伯克纳一生事业的巅峰，做出了这一篇法人深省的演讲词，对其演讲词的翻译国内已经有了好几个不同的版本。
通过与原文的对比，做出简要评析。
一·I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -- a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of 1.the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust.2. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin.3. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.1. 其中在‘the materials of the human spirit’这点文章翻译为人类精神原材料，而我则有不同观点。
威廉·福克纳简介
威廉·福克纳简介威廉·福克纳姓名：威廉·福克纳（william faulkner）性别：男出生年月：1897-1962国籍：美国所获奖项：1949年诺贝尔文学奖威廉·福克纳（william faulkner，1897-1962）美国作家，生于美国密西西比州新奥尔巴尼的一个庄园主家，南北战争后家道中落。
第一次世界大战期间，福克纳在空军服过役。
战后入大学，其后从事过各种职业并开始写作。
《士兵的报酬》（1926）发表后，福克纳被列入"迷惘的一代"，但很快与他们分道扬镖。
《萨拉里斯》（1929）问世之后，福克纳的创作进入高峰斯。
他发现"家乡那块邮票般大小的地方倒也值得一写，只怕一辈子也写不完"。
怀着这样的信念，他把19篇长篇和70多篇短篇小说纺织在"约克纳帕塌法世系"里，通过南方贵族世家的兴衰，反映了美国独立战争前夕到第二次世界大战之间的社会现实，创伤了20世纪的"人间喜剧"。
长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》和《我弥留之际》（1930）、《圣殿》（1931）、《八月之光》（1932）、《押沙龙，押沙龙》（1936）等现代文学的经典之作。
福克纳后期的主要小说诗歌文学作品有《村子》（1940）、《闯入者》（1948）、《寓言》（1954）、《小镇》（1957）和《大宅》（1959）等。
此外还有短篇小说、剧本和诗歌。
福克纳虽是南方重要作家，但他的小说诗歌文学作品当时并不受重视，直到1946年美国著名的文学批评家马尔科姆·考莱编选了《袖珍本福克纳文集》，又写了一篇有名的序言之后，福克纳才在文坛上引起重视。
特别是萨特、马尔洛等人的赏识，使福克纳名声大噪。
在艺术上，福克纳受弗洛伊德影响，大胆地大胆地进行实验，采用意识流手法、对位结构以及象征隐喻等手段表现暴力、凶杀、性变态心理等，他的小说诗歌文学作品风格千姿百态、扑朔迷离，读者须下大功夫才能感受其特有的审美情趣。
英语演讲原文：WilliamFaulkner接受诺贝尔奖时的演说
WilliamFaulkner接受诺贝尔奖时的演说Brief introduction to the speaker:William Faulkner (1897-1962) The novels of William Faulkner rank among the most important books of the 20th century. For them Faulkner was awarded the 1949 Nobel prize in Literature. Faulkner wrote mostly about his hometown of Oxford 1 , in Lafayette County. Miss.. After two apprentice 2 novels, Faulkner wrote six of his best books between 1929 and 1932, among them are The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, and Sanctuary 3 .演讲者简介：威廉福克纳的小说在二十世纪最重要的文学作品中占有一席之地他曾荣获1949年诺贝尔文学奖。
他的作品多写自己的家乡密西西比州拉法叶特郡的牛津镇。
在写了两部练笔的小说之后，1929年和1932年之间，他写了六部优秀的小说，其中包括：《喧哗与骚动》、《我弥留之际》和《圣地》。
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work, a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit. Not for glory and least of all, for profit, but to create out of the material of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It wouldnotbe difficult to find a dedication 4 for the money part of it, commensurate for the purpose and significance of its origin. But I wou1d 1ike to do the same with the acclaim 5 too by using this moment as a pinnacle 6 from which I might be listened to by the young men and woman, already dedicated 7 to the same anguish 8 and travail 9 , among whom is already that one who will someday stand here where I am standing 10 .Our tragedy today is a general and universal physica1 fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it There're no longer problems of the spirit, there's only the question; "When will I be blown up?". Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself, which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.He must learn them again, he must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid, and teaching himself that, forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities 11 and truths of the heart. The old universal truths, lacking which any story is ephemeral anddoomed 13 : love and honor and pity and pride, and compassion 14 and sacrifice.Until he does so, he labors 15 under a curse. He writes not of love, but of lust 16 , of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope, and most of all, without pity or compassion. His grief weaves on no universal bone, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart, but of the glands 17 . Until he re1earns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of mall. Idec1ine to accept the end of man. It's easy enough to say that man is immortal 18 simply because he will endure, that from the last. ding-dong of doom 12 and clang had faded from the last worthless rock hanging tireless in the last red and dying evening, that even then, there will be one more sound, that of his puny 19 and inexhaustible voice still talking. I refuse to accept this, I believe that man will not merely endure, he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion, and sacrifice, and endurance. The poets, the writers' duty is to write about these things, it's his privilege to help man endure, lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage, and honor and hope and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poets' voice need not merelybe the recall of man, it can be one of the props 20 , the pillars to help him endure and prevail.我感到这份奖赏不是授予我个人而是授予我的工作的---授予我一生从事关于人类精神的呕心沥血的工作。
William Faulkner
United States. ➢ A representative of the writers using stream of consciousness.
➢ Faulkner later works showed more optimism. His intention was to show the evil, harsh events in contrast to such eternal virtues as love, honor, pity, compassion, self-sacrifice, and thereby expose the faults of society. He felt that it was a writer’s duty to remind his readers constantly of true values and virtues.
Faulkner Three Literary Career Stages
(1) 1924~1929: training as a writer ➢ The Marble Faun ➢ Soldier’s Pay ➢ Mosquitoes
(2) 1929~1936: most productive and prolific period ➢ Sartoris ➢ The Sound and the Fury ➢ As I Lay Dying ➢ Light in August ➢ Absalom, Absalom
William Faulkner
威廉•福克纳，美国作家，出身名门望族，毕业于牛津大学。
威廉·福克纳比同龄人长得矮小，整个童年都在希望自己能长得高大些。
他也是个出名的酒鬼，纵贯一生都浸泡在酒精之中。
威廉·福克纳生于1897年9月25日，出身名门望族，全名威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳。
支配这个家族想象力的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉·克拉科·福克纳老上校。
他既是种植园主，又是军人、作家、政治家。
他还是经营铁路的企业家，他修的铁路是当地唯一的铁路。
但是威廉·福克纳的父亲却被普遍认为是一个不肖子孙，他的工作换了一个又一个，却永远找不到自己的安身立命之地。
但福克纳为他的母亲自豪，她意志坚定，自尊心强。
屡屡失败的父亲与坚强自尊的母亲势不两立。
在童年，母亲经常强迫他在“软弱”和“坚强”中做出选择，让他从小就体验到深深的分裂和痛苦。
1949年，福克纳作品《我弥留之际》获诺贝尔文学奖。
——As I Lay Dying他在斯德哥尔摩发表的得奖感言是诺贝尔文学奖最精彩的感言之一。
主要代表作品有《喧哗与骚动》，《圣堂》。
福克纳笔下的剧情浸染着人物的复杂心理变化，细腻的感情描写穿插其中。
他和风格简洁明了、干脆利落的海明威更是两个极端。
一般认为他是1930年代唯一一位真正意义上的美国现代主义作家，与欧洲文学试验者乔伊斯、伍尔芙、普鲁斯特等人遥相呼应，大量运用意识流、多角度叙述和陈述中时间推移等富有创新性的文学手法。
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech / William FaulknerI feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -- a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat. He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed -- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.。
昝晨陶子杨娟WilliamFaulkner、ErnestHemingway、SherwoodAnderson详解
CONTENTS
4 Artistic features
Poetry
Novel
The Marble Faun
Mosquitoes 蚊群
Sartoris 家族小说
1924
1926
1927
1929
The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚动
As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际
Sanctuary 圣殿
For twenty years he worked in Hollywood writing several screen plays like Today We Live (1933) and Land of the Pharaos (1955) and producing many novels and short stories. He later worked in Hollywood with Howard Hawks, a movie director who became a friend of him.
1927 Mosquitoes 蚊群 1929 Sartoris 家族小说
1929 The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚动
Poetry: 19 24 The Marble Faun 玉石雕像
The Creative Period (1930-1942)
Novels:
1930As I Lay Dying《在我弥留之际》 1931 Sanctuary 《圣殿》 1932 Light in August《八月之光》 1935 Pylon 《塔门》 1936Absalom, Absalom《押沙龙，押沙龙》 1938 The Unvanquished 《不败者》 1939 If I Forget Jerusalem (The Wild Palms/ Old Man 《野棕榈》 1940 The Hamlet 《村子》 1942 Go Down, Moses《去吧，莫西》
VOA原文b005 威廉 福克纳 获得了1949年诺贝尔文学奖
William Faulkner, 1897-1962: He Won the Nobel Prizefor Literature in 1949FAITH LAPIDUS: I'm Faith Lapidus.STEVE EMBER: And I'm Steve Ember with People in America in VOA Special English.Today, we finish the story of the writer William Faulkner. He created an area and filled it with people of the American South.(MUSIC)FAITH LAPIDUS: In nineteen forty-five, all seventeen books William Faulkner had written by then were not being published. Some of them could not be found even in stores that sold used books.The critic Malcolm Cowley says, Faulkner's "early novels had been praised too much, usually for the wrong reasons. His later and in many ways better novels had been criticized or simply not read. "Even those who liked his books were not always sure what he was trying to say.Faulkner never explained. And he did not give information about himself. He did not even correct the mistakes others made when they wrote about him. He did not care how his name was spelled: with or without a "u." He said either way was all right with him.Once he finished a book he was not concerned about how it was presented to the public. Sometimes he did not even keep a copy of his book. He said, "I think I have written a lot and sent it off to be printed before I realized strangers might read it."STEVE EMBER: In nineteen forty-six, Malcolm Cowley collected some of Faulkner's writings and wrote a report about him. The collection attempted to show what Faulkner was trying to do, and how each different book was part of a unified effort.Cowley agreed that Faulkner was an uneven writer. Yet, he said, the unevenness shows that Faulkner was willing to take risks, to explore new material, and new ways to talk about it.In nineteen twenty-nine, in his novel "Sartoris," Faulkner presented almost all the ideas he developed during the rest of his life. Soon after, he published the book he liked best, "The Sound and the Fury." It was finished before "Sartoris," but did not appear until six months later.FAITH LAPIDUS: In talking about "The Sound and the Fury," Faulkner said he saw in his mind a dirty little girl playing in front of her house. From this small beginning, Faulkner developed a story about the Compson family, told in four different voices. Three of the voices are brothers: Benjy, who is mentally sick; Quentin, who kills himself, and Jason, a business failure. Each of them for different reasons mourns the loss of their sister, Caddie. Each has a different piece of the story.It is a story of sadness and loss, of the failure of an old Southern family to which the brothers belong. It also describes the private ideas of the brothers. To do this, Faulkner invents a different way of writing for each of them. Only the last part of the novel is told in the normal way. The other three parts move forward and back through time and space.STEVE EMBER: The story also shows how the Compson family seems to cooperate in its failure. In doing so the family destroys what it wants to save.Quentin, in "The Sound and the Fury," tries to pressure his sister to say that she is pregnant by him. He finds it better to say that a brother and sister had sex together than to admit that she had sex with one of the common town boys of Jefferson.Another brother, Jason, accuses others of stealing his money and causing his business to fail. At the same time, he is stealing from the daughter of his sister. Missus Compson, the mother in the family, says of God's actions: "It can't be simply to. . . hurt me. Whoever God is, he would not permit that. I'm a lady. "FAITH LAPIDUS: Some of the people Faulkner creates, like Reverend Hightower in "Light in August," live so much in the past that they are unable to face the present. Others seem to run from one danger to another, like young Bayard Sartoris, seeking his own destruction. These people exist, Faulkner says, "in that dream state in which you run without moving from a terror in which you cannot believe, toward a safety in which you have no...[belief]. "As Malcolm Cowley shows, all of Faulkner's people, black or white, act in a similar way. They dig for gold after they have lost hope of finding it -- like Henry Armstid in the novel, "The Hamlet." They battle and survive a Mississippi floodfor the reward of returning to state prison -- as the tall man did in the story "Old Man." They turn and face death at the hands of a mob -- like Joe Christmas does in the novel, "Light in August." They act as if they will succeed when they know they will fail.(MUSIC)STEVE EMBER: Faulkner's next book, "As I Lay Dying," was published in nineteen thirty. It is similar to "The Sound and the Fury" in the way it is written and in the way it deals with loss. Again Faulkner uses a series of different voices to tell his story. The loss this time is the death of the family's mother. The family carries the body through flood and fire in an effort to get her body to Jefferson to be buried.Neither "As I Lay Dying" nor "The Sound and the Fury" was a great success. Faulkner did not earn much money from them. He was adding to his earnings by selling short stories and by working from time to time on movies in Hollywood. Then to earn more money, he wrote a book full of sex and violence. He called it "Sanctuary."When the book was ready to be published, Faulkner went to New York and completely rewrote it. The changes were made after it was printed. So Faulkner had to pay for them himself.FAITH LAPIDUS: The main person in "Sanctuary" is a man called Popeye. He is a kind of mechanical man, a man, Faulkner says, without human eyes. Faulkner says he is a person with the depth of pressed metal. For Faulkner, Popeye represents everything that is wrong with modern society and its concern with economic capitalism.Popeye is a criminal, a man who "made money and had nothing he could do with it, spend it for." He knows that alcohol will kill him like poison. He has no friends. He has never known a woman.In later books he appears as a member of the Snopes family. The Snopes are a group of killers and barn burners. They fear nothing, except nature. They love no one, except themselves. They cheat everyone, even the devil. They live in a private land without morals. Yet Flem Snopes ends as the president of the bank in Jefferson.Like Popeye, they gain the ownership and use of things, but they never really have them. Flem Snopes marries into a powerful family but his wife does not even have a name for him. She calls him "that man."。
William Faulkner 威廉 福克纳
William Faulkner 威廉福克纳（1897-1962）William Faulkner ranks with Ernest Hemingway as one of the leading American authors of the Twentieth Century. Faulkner, like Robert Frost, was a regionalist, who spent most of his life in a small, particular area of the United States, writing about the scenes and people he knew best. Faulkner’s region was the Deep South, with its bitter history ofslavery, civil war and destruction. He invented a county and a town in his imagination very similar to his own part of Mississippi, and he wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old, decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of “poor whites”; and the Negroes who labored for both of them. Most of his stories take place in this imaginary YoknapatawphaCounty, and concern members of the same families at different times in history. 他的多数故事都发生在他构想的Yoknapatawpha县，他笔下的人物不是一次写完，同一人物会在几本书中，在不同历史时期反复出现。
福克纳William Faulkner简介
A representative of the writers using stream of consciousness.
I. Life and Career
1925, first novel published, Soldier’s Pay 《军饷》
1929, two novels: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury 1929-1942, most productive: 2 short-story collections, a
Mr. Compson is an alcoholic. Mrs. Compson is a selfabsorbed hypochondriac who depends almost entirely upon Dilsey to raise her four children. Quentin, the oldest child, is a sensitive bundle of neuroses. Caddy, his sister, is stubborn, but loving and compassionate. Quentin commited suicide after Caddy's losing her virginity and their family's decline. Jason has been difficult and mean-spirited since birth and is largely spurned by the other children. Benjy is severely mentally disabled, an “idiot” with no understanding of the concepts of time or morality.
WilliamFaulkner(1897-196)福克纳汇总
First chapter is told by Benjy in April, 1928 Second chapter is told by Quentin in June, 1910 Third chapter is told by Jason in April, 1928 Faulkner tells the fourth chapter in his own narrative voice, but focuses on Dilsey, a negro cook of the family, who has played a great part in raising the children.
II. The Sound and the Fury
Mr. & Mrs. Compson
Quentin Caddy Jason Benjy The novel was told in four chapters, by four different voices, and out of chronological order. The first three chapters of the novel consist of the convoluted thoughts, voices, and memories of the three Compson brothers, captured on three different days.
Benjy is severely mentally disabled, an “idiot” with no understanding of the concepts of time or morality.
His Theme and View
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But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech / William Faulkner
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.
பைடு நூலகம்
Biographical Introduction — Hometown Influences
Heavily influenced by his home state of Mississippi, as well as by the history and culture of the American South altogether; The effect of the region he lived: Mississippi marked his sense of humor; His sense of the tragic position of Black and White Americans; His characterization of Southern characters; His timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people dwelling behind the faç ades of good old boys and simpletons.
Biographical Introduction — His works (P272)
Sanctuary (1931) The Sound and the Fury (1929) A Rose for Emily As I Lay Dying Dry September
Background Information
Background Information — Stream of Consciousness (features)
Stream of consciousness writing is a variant of the third person point of view, in which the narrator relates only what is experienced by the character’s mind from moment to moment. It presents thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur. It shows a mind at work. It may contain parts that do not seem coherent because they are based on the free association of ideas and feelings of the individual’s mind.
Background Information — themes in Faulkner’s works
The tragic collision between the old South and the new South The connection between past and present
Background Information — Stream of Consciousness
The term “stream of consciousness” was coined by William James. It is used to indicate a literary approach to the unspoken materials directly from the psyche of the characters, or make the characters tell their own inner thoughts in monologues. The realm of life with which stream of consciousness novel is concerned is mental and spiritual experience, such as sensations, memories, imaginations, feelings, etc.
Background Information — Stream of Consciousness
An important device of modernist fiction and its later imitators the techniques was pioneered by Dorothy Richardson in Pilgrimage(1915-35) And by James Joyce in Ulysses(1922), and further developed by Virginia Woolf in Mrs Dalloway (1925) and William Faulkner in The Sound and the Fury (1928).
— Literature of the 1920s
Literature took a giant leap during the 1920s. Many new authors experimenting with literary forms that gave a new value to American literature. Their literature is sometimes called the literature of alienation & the young authors are often called the "Lost Generation."
William Faulkner (1897-1962)
By Rachel & Elaine
Main Content:
Biographical Introduction
Background Information Dry September As I Lay Dying
Biographical Introduction — William Faulkner (1897-1962)
Social and moral burdens
Issues of sex, class and race
Background Information — Faulkner’s Style of Writing
Sensationalism （煽情主义）& intricacy; Devotion to traditional values in a world of crisis but his anguish + boldness to change those values; Labyrinthine （迷宫似的） organization of his novels; Central theme: the universe theme of “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”; His bold experiments in the dislocation of narrative time and use of stream of consciousness techniques → placing him in the forefront of the avant-garde.
Biographical Introduction — Family Influences
His mother Maud & his maternal grandmother Lelia Butler, Caroline Barr (the black woman who raised him from infancy): ⑴: Great readers and also painters and photographers → educating him in visual language. ⑵: His mother: taught her sons to read before sending them to public school and exposed them to classics. Crucially influenced the development of Faulkner’s artistic imagination.