Attributive Clause 2
attributive clause
先行词
定 语 从 句
关系代词who;whom
Who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中做主 语或宾语。Whom（宾格），先行词指人，在 从句中做宾语，关系代词做宾语时通常可以省 略。
The man who is talking to my father is a professor.
He is the man (who/whom) I saw in the reading-room yesterday.
关系代词wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱose 的用法
The boy got the first prize. The boy’s father is an engineer.
The boy whose father is an engineer got the first prize.
窗户朝南的房间是我的。
The room whose windows face south is mine.
5little gift. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
The most beautiful place that I visited has places and the people that 6避免关联词在一个句子中重复时 I have visited left a deep impression on me. is Jiuzhaigou. Who is the man that is am looking speech to He is the very man that I making a for. the students?
Beijing is the place where I was born.
高中英语真题-定语从句_2
高中英语真题:定语从句Grammar ----the Attributive ClauseⅠ. Teaching aims 教学目标Knowledge goal: Learn and master the Attributive Clause.(知识目标)Ability goal: Enhance students’ self-learning ability and master the ways to express ideas（能力目标） with the Attributive Clause.Important point : the use of The Attributive ClauseⅠ(that, which, who, whom, whose) and learning The Attributive Clause Ⅱ（when, where, why）（教学重点）Difficult point: Summarize the knowledge points and master the knowledge, use them（教学难点） correctly.Ⅱ. Preview before class 预习导学Now I will show you some sentences, you need to pay attention to the words which are leading the subordinate clause, and tell me what kind of role do these words play in the sentences. After that, please find the same kind of sentences in the text.先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下：when / where / why都经常放在哪类词语后引导定语从句呢？它们又作什么成分？“介词 + 关系代词”又是如何放在先行词和从句之间的？1. Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the ?2. The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is cl osing down.3. The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus.4. I have read the book in which you are interested.5. The man with whom I talked just now comes from .6. This is the book which she is looking for.Summary :Ⅲ. Inquiry learning and practice 问题探究与练习内化Requirements: Please write down what you have learnt about t he Attributive Clause. You are required to write down some repr esentations or explanations after analysis examples.要求：请记下你所学到的有关定语从句的用法的相关内容。
大学英语语法应用教程-从句(Clause)
从句(Clause)
If two numbers are to be added, it does not matter in which order they are added. 若要把两个数加起来，那么按哪种顺序相加是没有关系的。(需要注意的是，连接代词which并没有位于主语从句句首， 因为它在从句中作介词in的介词宾语和order的定语。而且，不要把由which引导的主语从句误认为是介词宾语从句。) It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there netic field is produced. 由麦克斯韦假设可知，每当电场发生变化时就产生磁场。 (it follows that … 意为“由此得知……；因此”。) It happened that she was out when he called.( = She happened to be out when … ) 他打电话时，她恰巧不在家。(It happens that可译成“碰巧，恰巧；发生”。)
从句(Clause)
3) 表语从句 主要位于系动词be之后的表语从句最为常见，当然，也可用seem, sound等。例如： The present conception of the general structure of the atom is that it consists of a kind of solar system. 现在对 原子的一般结构的看法是：它是由一种太阳系构成的。 All indications are that the need for skilled people in the field of electronics will grow in this new decade. 所有 的迹象表明，在这新的十年中对电子学领域熟练人员的需求量将会增长。 That is how a computer works. 这就是计算机的工作原理。 (本句中的that应译为“这”；how从句一般可译成“……的原理，……是如何……”) Predictions are that electronics will continue to grow at a rapid rate for some time to come. 预测表明，在未来 一段时期内电子学将会继续高速发展。 (That is why … 要译成“这就是……的理由；这就是为什么……；因此……”。) My plan is that we will finish the project by the end of the year. 我的计划是我们年底结束这个项目。 The conclusion of the discussion is that the proposal cannot be accepted. 讨论的结果是这个提议不能被接受。 在个别情况下，状语从句也可充当表语从句(特别是句型this is because … )。如： This is because you has been absent all the term. 这是因为你整个一学期缺勤的缘故。
Lecture 2 Attributive Clause
(5) 关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词that既可指人，又可指物。它在从句中可以作主语、动 词宾语、介词宾语和表语。that作动词宾语或介词宾语时常常省 略。在作介词宾语时，介词须位于句末，而不能位于that之前。 Water that is impure often causes serious illness. • Fanny，bring the water and put it down in the middle of the room，lazy creature that you are. • (6) when等引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词when指代和修饰主句中表示时间的先行词，在从句中 作时间状语，可以省略。在语义上，when相当于“介词+which”。 如： July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句 • 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语 和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如： Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot， is a famous scientist. • 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿 学了许多东西。
•
(7) where引导的限制性定语从句
• 关系副词where指代和修饰主句中表示地点的先行词，在从句中 作地点状语，当先行词为place时，where可以省略。在语义上， where相当于“介词+which”： The knee is the joint where(=at which) the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. She’s going home where she can rest. • A stone marks the spot where the treaty was signed. • (8) why引导的限制性定语从句 关系副词why的先行词只有reason， 在从句中作原因状语，可以 省略： The reason why he left is not convincing. • There was no definite reason why she should do so.
英语翻译与写作-Attributive Clauses
Attributive ClausesI. 英汉定语结构的对比英语的定语从句呈右开放状，从理论上讲，一个句子可以向右无限扩展。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 汉语没有定语从句之说，作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前（左边），用“、、、、、、的”结构表现，呈左封闭状。
这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
如果“、、、、、、的、、、、、、的”太多，就会不知所云，影响对整个句子的理解。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。
老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。
屋子是杰克盖的。
II. 限制性定语从句1. 合并法(combination)：在定语从句较短的情况下（一般在10个词之内），将定语从句合并于主句，用“、、、、、、的”结构译出。
1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.2)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.3)July and August are the months when the weather is hot.4)In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.2. 分译法(division)：即化整为零，分别翻译。
这种方法比较适合长而复杂的定语从句。
分译时，可以重复先行词。
1)Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.2)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and forwhich, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.3)Between these two particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerfulattraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.4)Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with himto light his way to school on dark winter mornings.在主题明确的情况下，也可以不重复先行词。
定语从句2
Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause: 1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day. I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit.
5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 why This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here. which/that The reason __________ she gave was not true. 指时间， 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语 从句中作主语或宾语， 从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that 或 引导定语从句。 引导定语从句。
1.This is the best TV _____ is made in that China. 2.The first museum _____ he visited in that China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修 饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 饰时，引导定语从句用
对比练习
1. It is very useful to master a foreign which language,_____ has been said before. 2 ___ everyone hoped, Mary has As won the first prize. as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中， 引导定语从句可放在句首， 引导定语从句可放在句首 句中， 句末， 句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放 在句首.as译为正如 好像, 译为正如， 在句首 译为正如，好像 which 则 没有此义。 没有此义。
人教版高一英语必修2 unit 5 定语从句
Pay attention, please! We were put in a position in which/where we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 以下名词之后也通常用where/in which引 导的定语从句：situation, case, point, position, article, sentence, line, word, queue等等。
.
The day when Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim.
The day on which Mandela told me what to do and helped him was the happiest day for Jim.
6. This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
7.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 8. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 9. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.
Unit5 Nelson Mandela Peroid 5 Grammar
The Attributive Clause Ⅱ
大学英语基础教程(北大修订版)教案第二册Unit Two
Unit TwoTeaching Objectives:By the end of this unit, the students will be expected to be able to1. talk about some results brought by TV and other useful and interesting communicative methods;2. use about 30 new words and 8 new phrases and expressions in brief conversations and translation;3. review grammar on the attributive clause:1) attributive clause with relative adverbs; 2) attributive clause with as/which;4. read material on a similar topic and with a similar degree of difficulty.Teaching Methods: Lecture, Discussion, Role-playUnit Duration: 8 class hours (45 minutes each)Teaching procedures:I. Preparatory1. Words and Phrases Learned In Display1. ignore syn. neglect; disregard2. argue syn. claim3. view syn. watch4. tolerate syn. permit; bear; suffer5. respond syn. reply; react6. reckon syn. regard; consider7. belong to 为……成员I belong to those who have decided to live without TV.8. switch on 开(电灯、电视、电器等)When my child switches on TV, he doesn't want to do anything else.9. tune in (to) 收听广播；收看电视What program do you usually tune in?10. be determined to do sth. 决心做某事，决定做某事My family was determined to stop watching TV.11. agree to 同意做某事，赞成My father agreed to give me a computer.12. take up 从事于，专注于We decided to take up other interesting activities to spend our holidays.13. be keen on 对某人或某事非常喜爱，热衷于做某事The old man was keen on playing with his grandson.2. Key to Expressions Learned in Display1. was determined to2. switched on3. agreed to4. belonged to5. keen on6.tunes in (to)7. take upII. Language in Context1. Preview Questionsi. Do you like watching TV? And what kind of TV programs do you usually watch? ii. If one day you don't watch TV any more, what else can you do?iii. What is your attitude towards TV?2. Information Related To the Texti. TelevisionTelevision is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. The term has come to refer to all the aspects of television programming and transmission as well. The word television is a hybrid word, coming from both Greek and Latin. “Tele-” is Greek for “far,” while “-vision” is from the Latin “visio,” meaning “vision” or “sight.” It is often abbreviated as TV.The earliest television sets were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube with a mechanically spinning disk (the Nipkow disk, invented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow) that produced a red postage-stamp size image. The first publicly broadcast electronic service was in Germany in March 1935. It had 180 lines of resolution and was only available in 22 public viewing rooms. One of the first major broadcasts involved the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The Germans had a 441-line system in the autumn of 1937.Television usage skyrocketed after World War II with war-related technological advances and additional disposable income. Prior to the war, in the 1930s, TV receivers cost the equivalent of US$7000 in 2001, and had little available programming.For many years different countries used different technical standards. France initially adopted the German 441-line standard but later upgraded to 819 lines, which gave the highest picture definition of any analogue TV system, approximately four times the resolution of the British 405-line system. Eventually the whole of Europe switched to the 625-line standard, once more following Germany’s example. Meanwhile in North America the original 525-line standard was retained.A television with a VHF “rabbit ears” antenna and a loop UHF antenna. Television in its original and still most popular form involves sending images and sound over radio waves in the VHF and UHF bands, which are received by a receiver (a television set). In this sense, it is an extension of radio. Broadcast television requires an antenna (aerial). This can be an external antenna mounted outside or smaller antennas mounted on or near the television. Typically this is an adjustable dipole antenna called “rabbit ears” for the VHF band and a small loop antenna for the UHF band.Color television became available in the U.S. on December 30 of 1953, backed by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) network. The government approved the color broadcast system proposed by CBS, but when RCA came up with a subcarrier system that made it possible to view color broadcasts in black and white onunmodified old black and white TV sets, CBS dropped their own proposal and used the new one (see NTSC).The first publicly announced experimental TV broadcast of a program using RCA’s “compatible color” system wa s an episode of Kukla, Fran and Ollie on August 30, 1953. NBC was the first network to have a regularly scheduled color program on the air (Bonanza, started in 1959).Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone, contributed to the evolution of TV.ii. Television JunkiesJunkie is someone who is so ardently devoted to something that it resembles an addiction; “a golf addict;” “a car nut;” “a news junkie.” Television junkies refer to the people who are addicted to watching television without doing anything else. According to scientific research, the conditions of TV viewing cause a physiological high, much in the same way as all those other less socially acceptable forms of drug use.iii. CartoonA cartoon is a form of art with diverse origins and even more diverse modern meanings. In its historical original meaning, a cartoon is a full-size drawing made on paper as a study for a further artwork, such as a painting. However, cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes in order to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted onto newly applied fresh plaster over a series of days. Cartoons by painters such as Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci are highly prized in their own right.Nowadays a cartoon is a humorous drawing of some description. This usage dates from the 1840s when Punch magazine applied the terms to satirical drawings in its pages. The first of these parodied frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for such drawings in Punch was Mr Punch’s Pencillings and the title “cartoon” was intended to be ironic—these were still essentially line-art drawings in pencil and/or ink.Over time, more cartoons in Punch made other satirical points and, eventually, came merely to be humorous drawings, usually (although not always) with a punchline caption at the bottom. Many early examples of these are reproduced on the Punch website and are impenetrably obscure by today’s standards.The modern understanding of “cartoon” falls into two further categories—comic strips and animated cartoons.Comic strips are found daily in newspapers worldwide and are frequently compiled into books. Animated cartoons are usually shown on television or cinema screens and are created by drawing thousands of individual drawings which are shown rapidly in succession to give the impression of movement.3. Language Points1. I belong to one of the two per cent of British families who have decided to live without a television set.belong to1) be a member of 为……成员Which party do you belong to?你属于哪一个党派？I belong to the music club on our campus.我是校园音乐俱乐部的成员。
定语从句(attributive clauses)
注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom； 注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom； 只能用which,而且均不可省略 而且均不可省略. 先行词是物 只能用which,而且均不可省略. 你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗? 你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗? 1.那就是Lily出生的那个农场. 1.那就是 那就是Lily出生的那个农场 出生的那个农场. →That is the farm on which Lily was born. 2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？ 2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗 你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？ →have you been to the factory in which your uncle works? 3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？ 3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗 你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？ →Have you seen the teacher about whom your mother talked?
定语从句Attributive Clauses
who 、 whom、that引导的定语从句 whom、that引导的定语从句 which、that引导的定语从句 which、that引导的定语从句 介词前置的定语从句 关系副词when where、why引导的定语从句 关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 when、 whose引导的定语从句 whose引导的定语从句 附加数量的定语从句 which引导的定语从句 as which引导的定语从句 定语从句与结果状语从句、 定语从句与结果状语从句、地点状语从句 名词性从句、同位语从句、 名词性从句、同位语从句、强调句的区别 关系代词、 关系代词、副词的选择
4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。 4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。 我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩 →I don’t know the girl who/that is playing by the river. 5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。 5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨 昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。 →The boy who/that went to the cinema with me yesterday is Yang yang. 6.作家是一位经常写书的人。 6.作家是一位经常写书的人 作家是一位经常写书的人。 →A writer is a person who/that writes books. 都译对了吗？ 问：都译对了吗？ (二)当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,关系代 当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,
江苏省南通中学牛津译林版高中英语必修一导学案(无答案)：Unit2GrowingpainsPerio
Period n Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【Learning goals】1. Learning an informal expression: colloquialism2. Learning grammar —Attributive clauses 2【Colloquialism】A colloquialism is an informal expression used in spoken English. 【猜意思】a piece of cake ________________a wet blanket _________________all ears ______________________pull my leg ___________________green finger __________________top dog ______________________give her the cold shoulder __________rain cats and dogs ________________not my cup of tea ______________第 1 页第 2 页练一练】1. Hearing that his son was in trouble, Mr. Smith sat there with a heavy thought.2. The medicine is of good quality. And it comes into place soon. A. 起作用 B. 起副作用 C. 进入状态 D. 作用消失3. Every time he works at his lessons, he always pulls a long face . A.拉长着脸 B.兴致勃勃 C.愁眉苦脸 D •心情沉重 1. Great minds think alike. __________________________________ 2. You are singing my song. _________________________________ 3. a dark horse ___________________________________________4. kiss up to sb ___________________________________________5. take one for the team ____________________________________6. kill two birds with one stone _______________________________7. six one way, half the dozen the other ________________________8. a social butterfly ________________________________________9. Birds of a feather flock together. ________________ 10. on pins and needles / （have ） ants in one ' s pants _________________________ 【 Grammar 】 Attributive clauses 2 一、 “介词+关系代词 ”引导的定语从句 在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用 whom ；关系代词若是表示事物时，就 只能用 which 。
Attributive Clause(2)
whose “……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物， 既可以指人，也可以指物， 的 作定语 Look at the building , whose roof is white . , the roof of which is white. The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . I saw trees whose leaves were smoked black.
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/ that is smiling is Tom.
(主语 主语) 主语
The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom.
who/that 14) The number of people __________were killed or injured reached more than 40,000. 15) Workers built shelters for people ________homes had whose been destroyed. that 16) All_______glitters is not gold. 17) This is one of the best films ______I have ever seen. that that 18) Who is the man______is standing by the door.
初中英语语法之——定语从句
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who， 如： / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, 错 is very famous here. (___) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (____) 对 2. 介词后不能用。 which get 1) We depend on the land from ______we our food. that/which 2) We depend on the land _____________we get our food from.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： that they visited in London was The first place ______ the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film______ that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
合并为一个句子
定语从句(attributive clause)
（2）.在there be 结构中，并且先行词 是人;
who asks for There is a young man _____ your help.
7. whom指人，是宾格，作宾语 （介宾短语） (1). The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. =The person who/whom/that you just talked to is Mr Li. (2). Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. =Mrs Read is the person who/whom/that you should write to.
8.whose是who的所有格，用作名 词的限定语，先行词可以是人也可 以是物。 (1). This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (2). Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?
定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)
高一
Review： 定义： 在复合句中，修饰名词
或代词的从句叫做定语 从句。(P90)
1.分类
（1）限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。 译为定语“......的” （2）非限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）或前面 整个句子。 主句和从句中有逗号。
（3）.有人、物同时作先行词时；
eg: The old woman scolded (骂) her that grand-daughter and her dog ____ broke her glasses.
Attributive clause 2
定语从句的特殊用法
• 6. 当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句 中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who 。以避 免重复。例如： • Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? • Which is the car that ran over a dog yesterday?
Fill the blanks using relative pronouns
• 4. The Yangtze River, which is more than 6000 kilometres long, is the third longest river in the world. • 5. The Three Gorges Dam, which will generate a large amount of energy, is the biggest construction project in China. • 6. Mao Zedong, who is a great leader of China, wrote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River.
Grammar
Non-defining attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句
• 定语从句（限定/制性定语从句和非
限定/制性定语从句）
• 限定/制性定语从句 • 先行词和关系词之间无逗号隔开，从 句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后 句子不完整。 • 非限定/制性定语从句 • 先行词和关系词之间有逗号隔开，从 句是对先行词的补充，去掉后句子仍 然完整。不能用关系代词that。
关系代词只用that不用which的情况
高中英语定语从句 (2)
3.We will visit the school. My mother works in the school. We will visit the school______my mother works in. We will visit the school______my mother works .
关系副词when/where/why的基本用法
1.I will remember the day when I was born. =on which
2.Please write down the year when you were admitted to college.
先行词 引导词（关系副词）
We will visit the school where my mother works.
主句
定语从句
Attributive Clause(定语从句)
定 义： 在句子中做作用定语的句子。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词，据其在定语从句中的功能分为 关系代词和关系副词。
制性定语从句,在定语从句中做主语,宾语或表语， 一般和such,so,as,the same 连用构成搭配
=As we all know众所周知 1.As is known to us all, TaiWan belongs to China. 2.The girl forgot to bring her raincoat, as is often the case. 3.The air quality in the city ,as is reported ,has improved over the past 2 years.
Unit5+Using+Language+Attributive+clauses++(2)课件
reasonable.
总结：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句 中作__状__语___时用when，where或why；而作_主__语__ 或_宾__语___时，要用which或that。
4) If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies may increases once again.
2. Read the passage and underline the words that where, when, and why refer to.
1. Look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
1) These two pieces of information – the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky…
Sunset is the time of day __w_h_e_n__ we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see. I guess this is the reason __w_h_y___ this place is so popular. Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia. That’s one of the countries _w__h_e_re__ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls. See you soon. David
Attributive clause (限制性定语从句)
定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置
确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格
确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
关系代词的使用方法
定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用
用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who
固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
3 )The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.
2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday. 4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
Attributive-clause
which 引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句
Attributive clauses
Definition
• An attributive clause(定语从句) is a subordinate clause（从句） used as attributive（定语）, which follows an antecedent（先行词）.
• An antecedent is a noun(名词) or pronoun（代词）.
• 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的 工作。
Summary
• 6个抽象地点名词: • point 地步; • case 情况; • activity 活动; • situation 情况; • position 境地,位置; • job 工作; • 另外，语法学案中出现 occasion 场合 • 以上名词作先行词时，如果在定语从句中
• the boy 是先行词, 在定语从句中做主语
• 4. I want to meet the boy whom you talked about just now .
• the boy是先行词, 在定语从句中做about 的宾语
• 5. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
• 5.The man is said to come from a town _(w__h_ic_h__/t_h_a_t)__ nobody knew.
• 6.That is the age _w_h_e_n_/_in__w_h_i_c_h__people live in peace and happiness.
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I. Words as Attributives.
Nouns: This is a paper flower. I don’t want to be a bus driver He is a history teacher.
Adjectives:
I. It’s a sunny day. He is the tallest boy in the class. II. awake, asleep, alone, alike, alive a boy asleep = a sleeping boy He wants to be an able man.
whose “……的”，既可以指人，也可以指物， 既可以指人，也可以指物， 的 作定语, 作定语 与所修饰限制的名词一起引导定语从 句 Look at the building , whose roof is white . , the roof of which is white. The girl lives in the house , whose windows face south The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident . I saw trees whose leaves were smoked black.
that, which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略 指物， 作宾语可省略, 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省) 如介词提前则不能省
关系代词: 关系代词:
These are the trees which/ that were planted last year. This recorder （which / that） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which/ that) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?
Part I. Fill in the blanks using
who, whom, whose, that or which.
who/that 1) Do you know the man ___________talked to Mr.Jack a moment ago? who/whom 2) They are the men _______________ I met. who/whom 3) Do you want a friend ____________you could tell everything to? whom 4) Do you want a friend to______ you could tell everything. whose 5) He lives in the room _________window faces south. whose 6) The boy ________ parents are peasants works hardest at his lesson in the class.
The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him. The boy (whom/ who/ that ) you want to talk to is in the lab. The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab. This is the boy. I sit behind him. This is the boy (whom / who /that ) I sit behind. This is the boy behind whom I sit.
关系代词: 关系代词:
1. Who, that 指人 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） 指人,作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 作宾语可省略） The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 指人, 作宾语可省略, 指人 如介词提前则不能省) 如介词提前则不能省 The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
非限定性定语从句
先行词，非限定性定语从句（与主句在意义上 联系不紧密） 先行词一般是专有名词： I’ve visited the Elffle Tower, which is located in France. 介词+关系词引导的定语从句一般是非限定性 的定语从句。 The building, in front of which there is a garden is my school. that不引导非限定性定语从句
but 引导的定语从句一般出现在具有否定 意义的句子中 There is nobody but he knows. = There is nobody that he doesn’t know. There is nothing but he eats. There isn’t anything but he eats. = There is nobody that he doesn’t know.
பைடு நூலகம்
II.介词前置时必须用 介词前置时必须用which 而不用 而不用that 介词前置时必须用
Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now. Do you find the pen (which, that ) I wrote with just now? Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now? Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that
as 引导定语从句修饰由the same, such限定的词汇
I have such a dictionary as you (have). I’m in the same situation as you (are). Look at the same book as mine.
but 引导的定语从句 but =which / who … not
The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who / whom/ that ) everyone likes is kind. (宾语 宾语) 宾语 The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom/ who /that ) we saw on the street got the job.
1. Prep + whom / which 2.当主句中有 主句中有who,which时,为了避免重叠，定语从 主句中有 时 句用that引导。 用 Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 3. .先行词为人和物作并列成分时 , 定语从句用 先行词为人和物作并列成分时 定语从句用that John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now. 4.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语 作表语时，用that引导 作表语 He is no longer the man that he was. My hometown is no longer a quiet place that it used to be.
Adverbs and Numerals:
The book here doesn’t belong to me. Look at the robot there. There were 3,000 people in the meeting hall when the building caught fire.
Phrases as Attributes
I. Participle phrases: The man playing chess with me is one of my friends. Please put the sweater woven by my mother in the closet. II. Preposition phrases: The boy in blue spoke to me just now. III. Infinitive phrases: Please give me something to eat. The clothes to sell here were designed by that fashion designer.
Attributive Clause(定语从句) 先行词 (antecedent): n, pron relative pronouns关系代词 关系代词 1) which, that 2) who, that, whom 3) whose 4) as, which 5) but relative adverbs关系副词 关系副词 1) when 2) where 3) why
as, which 引导非限定性定语从句
as, which 引导非限定性定语从句，表示 主句一句话或部分内容。 He is a famous writer, as / which we all know He is a famous artist, as / which is wellknown We all know that he is a famous writer.