徐绽和你谈考研英语
徐绽老师——英语语法
考研英语十二大基础语法体系对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。
每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。
其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。
著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。
因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。
一、英语动词的时态（一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异：英语的词类与汉语的不同。
汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。
英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。
动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。
有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。
同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。
（二）英语动词的形式：英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。
因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：(1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。
(4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
(5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。
动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。
规则动于发现不规则中的规则，即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。
如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept英语动词所表示的动作在以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。
过去将来）及所处的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。
徐绽 考研英语作文
徐绽考研英语作文Nowadays, more and more people are choosing to pursue a master's degree in order to further their education and improve their career prospects. The graduate entrance examination, or "gaokao," is the most important step inthis process. However, preparing for the gaokao is no easy task, and many students find themselves struggling to balance their studies with other responsibilities.One of the biggest challenges of preparing for the gaokao is finding the time and energy to study while also managing other commitments, such as work or family responsibilities. Many students have to work part-time jobs to support themselves, which can make it difficult to find the time to study. Additionally, some students may have family obligations that require them to take on additional responsibilities at home. This can make it even more challenging to find the time and energy to study for the gaokao.Another challenge of preparing for the gaokao is the pressure to succeed. The gaokao is a highly competitive exam, and the stakes are high. Many students feel immense pressure to perform well on the exam in order to secure a spot in a top graduate program. This pressure can be overwhelming and can make it difficult for students to stay focused and motivated.Despite these challenges, there are several strategies that students can use to prepare for the gaokao effectively. First, it's important for students to prioritize their studies and make time for regular, focused study sessions. This may require them to make sacrifices in other areas of their lives, but it's essential for success on the exam. Additionally, students can seek out support from friends, family, and teachers to help them stay motivated and on track.In conclusion, preparing for the gaokao is achallenging and demanding process, but with the right strategies and support, students can succeed. Byprioritizing their studies and seeking out support,students can overcome the challenges of preparing for the gaokao and achieve their goals of furthering their education and improving their career prospects.徐绽考研英语作文仿写：In recent years, an increasing number of individuals have opted to pursue a master's degree to enhance their education and career opportunities. The graduate entrance examination, commonly known as the "gaokao," serves as a crucial step in this process. However, preparing for the gaokao poses significant challenges, with many students struggling to juggle their studies alongside other responsibilities.One of the primary hurdles in preparing for the gaokao is the difficulty in finding the time and energy to study while managing other commitments, such as work or family obligations. Numerous students are compelled to take on part-time jobs to support themselves, making it arduous to allocate sufficient time for studying. Furthermore, some students may have familial responsibilities that demandadditional attention, further complicating their ability to dedicate time and energy to gaokao preparation.Another challenge in preparing for the gaokao is the immense pressure to succeed. The exam is highly competitive, and the stakes are undeniably high. As a result, students often experience overwhelming pressure to perform exceptionally well on the exam to secure a spot in a prestigious graduate program. This pressure can be debilitating, hindering students' ability to maintain focus and motivation.Despite these challenges, there are several effective strategies that students can employ to prepare for the gaokao. First and foremost, it is imperative for studentsto prioritize their studies and carve out time for regular, focused study sessions. This may necessitate making sacrifices in other aspects of their lives, but it is indispensable for success on the exam. Additionally,seeking support from friends, family, and teachers can help students stay motivated and on track.In conclusion, preparing for the gaokao is undeniably demanding and challenging, but with the right strategies and support, students can overcome these obstacles and achieve their academic and career aspirations. By prioritizing their studies and seeking out support, students can successfully navigate the challenges of preparing for the gaokao and realize their goals of advancing their education and career prospects.。
徐绽谈英语复试
徐绽谈英语复试三2010考研复试英语口语面试必备一、复试中的口试要求1、评价标准：(1)语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性）(2)话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等）(3)语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适应）2、口语测试一般包含如下两部分：第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3--5分钟）第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。
考生从所给的问题中选择一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法（7--10分钟）。
3、评价成绩一般为：a优秀--能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难b良好--能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流c及格--能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流d不及格--不具有口头表达能力二、考研英语复试口语常见问题30例1.Where do you come from?2.What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?3.What do you do during the Spring Festival?4.Tell me something about the customs of your hometown.5.Could you tell me something about your family?6.What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take?7.Which kind of professor do you like best?8.What does friendship mean to you and what kind of people do you make friend with?9.What is your major? How do youlike your major?10. When and where did you graduate? What qualifications have you obtained?11.What impressed you most when you were at university?12.What is the best university in your opinion?13.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?Why?14.What do you do for a living?15.What are your job prospects?16.If you had the opportunity to change your subject,what would you do with it?17.What are your spare time interests?18.Where have you been traveling to? Which place interested you most?19.What kind of differences in the system of higher education between China and other countries?20.Do you think you will be able to cope with English-demands of your intended study program?21.What difficulties do you think you'll encounter in your studies?22.Why did you choose our university?23.If there were an opportunity of studying abroad, what would you do?24.Should you study more theory or do more practice?Give your reasons, please.25.What do you intend to do after you finish studying?26.How serious is unemployment among young people and what will you do if you cannot find a job after graduation?27.In your opinion,what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?28.What do you think have beenthe most important changes in your study field over the past5years?29.How do you afford your tuition?30.Does your family support your decision on studying?What help do they offer?Rember that practice makes perfect!2010-02-25 | 徐老师回答考研复试问题标签：考研复试同学们，新年好！考研结束刚刚30天，你们就能够查询到考试成绩了。
作文之徐绽考研英语作文模板
徐绽考研英语作文模板【篇一： 2014 考研英语全能大作文模板-】大作文：（1）正面（正确、踊跃的）： 01 、 02、03 、08 、 10反面（不正确的做法、悲观）： 04 、05 、 06 、07 、 09 、11（2）一幅图仍是两幅图（ 04 、06 ）（3）作文有无规定题目（仅 02 ）（4） 1st ：描绘图画， 2nd: 解说图画要表达的含义， 3rd ：严重性及采纳的措施。
比如： 2011 环境污染； 2010 ：一个火锅——多种文化＊2012 重点展望正面 what the image is trying to express issymbolic and philosophic ! featured in the above illustrationare large numbers of people who , sitting in front of computer ,are placed in separate rooms . however ridiculous andhumorous it may seem at first glimpse, this cartoon doescarry rather significant implications .evidently, the cartoonist aims to enlighten us that we shouldkeep a balance between interenet communication and face-to-face .a great deal of attention is being paid today to internet .indeed , it has long been know that using the internet in aproper way should be great emphasized ,if we want toconstruct a harmonious word . to our disappointment ,however ,with an ever-developing of science andtechnology ,people in mounting numbers tend to neglect the seriousness of this problem . hence people ’ s emotional distance in becoming larger and larger .keeping a balance between internet communication and face-to-face , to my mind , is not simply good for individuals , butalso beneficial to the whole society . hence a widespreadeducation campaign should be launched so as to enhancepeople ’ s awareness of the importance of using internet in aproper way .only by concerted efforts , can we embrace ahappy , healthy and harmonious world , as we all wish , in thelong run !(第一段黄色为： is a hot pot一种事物或现象（正面意义偏向），which is a symbol of the world.二三段的中心词换为：cultural communication)翻译；什么样的形象是想表达的是象征性的哲学！优选在上图中大批的人，坐在电脑前，被搁置在独自的房间。
徐绽葵花宝典加四大金刚
徐绽考研英语葵花宝典（文都内部资料）考研英语之阅读理解一、通读全文，把握中心二、仔细审题，返回原文三、比较选项，得出结论客观题1.花开两朵，各表一枝模式：在文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段叙述。
关键：两个概念的定义以及他们的区别和联系。
2.问题答案型模式：在第一段中出现一个问题，在随后各段提出该问题的答案。
关键：把握其中心往往就是该问题最直接最主要的答案。
3.独句段出现独句段，即一个句子单独成段，特别是独句段出现在文章开始或结束时，该独句段所传递的意思往往是文章的中心思想。
出现在文章中间位置时起承上启下的作用。
4.时文题特点：以耸人听闻吸人眼球；貌似客观，内含态度；抛砖引玉，引起争论。
关键：应把握其中心，其往往出现在首段末句或第二段首句。
态度分为作者态度和文章态度作者态度标志：attitude、believe、consider、deem、regard等。
作者态度分为：支持，乐观，赞同；客观，中立；反对，批评，悲观，失望，怀疑。
有些选项注定不是正确答案，如indifferent（漠不关心的）、subjective（主观的）、biased(有偏见的)、puzzling（迷惑的）。
识别作者态度的方法：根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断；作者态度没有明确提出时也可以通过文章中带有褒贬感情色彩的词进行判断。
作者态度一般与文章所表达的中心主旨大意相关联，做题时不能把自己的态度纳入其中。
而且要区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。
5.文章固定模式1>一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
2>考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
3>阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
4>阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。
徐绽考研英语十大解题思路~八大宏观阅读技巧~五大阅读微观技巧~错误答案十大特征~正确答470
十大解题思路一、细节题1、题干上有五个W 一个H 提问，2、题干中明确的会提到时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
.3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
.4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
.5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步骤：（1）重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确（不能推）理解该句子的深刻含义。
（2）若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
（3）一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title， main idea， main problem ，conclusion ，mainly disguss， mainly deal with 或者问作者的写作目的purpose the author intends to do sth a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：（1）段落少，用串线法。
(2）快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志：题干中出现attitude ，believe ，consider， deam， regard，deem2、作者态度可以分为三大类：（1）正态度：支持，乐观，赞同（2）客观、中立、公正（3）反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案（永陪选项）：indifferent（漠不关心）；subjective（主观的biased（有偏见的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）5、识别作者态度：方法一：可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断方法二：当作者态度没有明确提出时，找文章中有褒贬含义，含有感情色彩的词。
考研英语词汇背诵班讲义--徐绽
POSE1．The bride and groom posed for the photograph．2．The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys almost as much as the compose r at the moment he composes．3．…to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations，whether or not the local branch bank is open…4．People everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas．5．My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse，or have never learned，to impose it on themselves．6．When the committee got down to details，the proposed plan seemed impractical．7．He could dispose of this car and house before he left for New York．8．…repose one’s head on a cushion．9．Strike-breakers are despise d by their workmates．TAIN1．When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion，it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at．2．Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined．3．The fact should not be ignored by those who maintain that unemployment and machinery are inseparable companions．4．Fortunately there are still communities-smaller towns，usually-where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards．5．A growing plant needs water for all of the following except sustaining woody stems．6．But，there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained．7．We fight to retain some independence．8．He told his wife that he had been detained in the office by unexpected callers．SIST1．It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price．2．…whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid．3．Biology has provided a consistent，unified，and constantly improving account of what happened．4．And yet the myth of controlling the waters persists．5．For the next few years，for a substantial portion of the workforce，times are going to be very tough indeed．6．It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resis t the temptation to revenge．7．…insist on one’s innocence．JECT1．I was unaware of the critical points involved，so my choice was quite arbitrary．2．Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe，it is just empirical and needsproving．3．They provide a quick，objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned．4．Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can never discover what these mysterious forces ‘‘really’’ are．5．Any deformity frightened and repelled her．6．The old idea that talented children burn themselves out’’in the early years is refuted by the author．7．The engineers are going through with their highway project，even though the expenses have risen．8．…are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them．9．They were ejected because they had not paid their rent for a year．…lava ejected from a volcano．TRANS1．They will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer．2．I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism into a humanist industrialism．3．Electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages．4．It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and transport it!5．When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person，the body immediately recognizes it as foreign．6．The author believes that Futurist poetry is more of a t ransient phenomenon than literature．7．…a man of transparent honesty．MIT1．…but no married women were admitted even as a spectator．2．I acknowledge with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column．3．If a crime was committed，society was considered the victim．4．…emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas．5．A sketch of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval．6．This chapter may be omitted．TRACT1．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract．2．A web set selling the right kind of product with the right kind of interactivity，hospitality and security will attract online customers．3．It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope．4．…manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws…5．…subtract 6 from 9CESS1．knowledge is power ’’ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people．2．First of all，most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions．3．As a concession to the public outcry，the government reduced the tax on petrol．4．The recession caused a lot of unemployment．5．…walking in procession through the streets．CEED，CED1．Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site．2．A further stimulus to invention came from the premium’’ system，which preceded our patent system．3．…they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750，…4．As the tide receded we were able to explore the rocky pools on the beach．5．…You must concede that I have tried hard．6．He conceded 10 points to his opponent．VERSE1．Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to reserve，or at least weaken the trends that emerged in the 1980s．2．Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them．LABOR1．It elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday’s baby boom’’．2．…Whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions．3．…collaborate on a biography with a friend．PRESS1．Over billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，plants and eventfully，even humans．2．Every day a new bit of plaster is falling off，’’ says Hay．I found it quite depressing．’’3．Everyone at school was very impressed---except the geography teacher．4．There are still institutions that oppress women．DICT1．Its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail．2．Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything．3．Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomenon that contradict the scientific worldview．4．…attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management．SIGN1．The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor than he had planned to resign．2．I don’t think it advisable that he be assigned t o the job since he has no experience whatsoever．3．Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structure，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well．SERVE1．It should be observed，of course，that no school，vocational or not，is helped by a confusion over its purpose．2．Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve．3．But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved．4．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．CLUDE1．The official statistics on productivity growth exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle．2．Physical dependence on certain substances results from exclusive use of them for social purposes．3．I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space．DUCE1．From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce t hat something sad must have occurred．2．But speech has to be induced，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child．3．An invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice．4．If，on the other hand，producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，…5．In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights．PEL1．It also means that government is increasingly compelled to interfere in these sections．2．Any deformity frightened and repelled her．3．…expel a boy from school．4．The President’s speech impelled the nation to great efforts．5．…mechanically propelled vehiclesPENS1．It is well known that knowledge is the indispensable condition for expansion of mind．2．The engineers are going through with their highway project，even though the expenses have risen．3．For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality．4．It has been striving to expand its market．FER1．Corporations and labor unions have great benefits conferred upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public．2．As a group，their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues．3．Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time，since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out，providing clues for inferring duration．4．In the past men generally preferred that their wives would work in the home．5．It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews．TRIBUTE1．Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle．2．No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation．3．Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers．TEST1．Labor MPs took to the street to protest the economic policies．2．International contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred．FICIENT1．It is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently．2．The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory．ORDINATE1．He or she must coordinate the shapes，lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor．2．All the other questions are subordinate to this one．3．Corporations use them as airborne offices，many metropolitan areas use them in police work．4．They may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics and industry．5．It’s a self-examination that has，at various times，involved issues of responsibility，creative freedom and the corporate bottom line．CISE1．The new secretary has written a remarkably concise report only in a few pages but with all the details．2．All phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations．SCRIBE1．The factory law prescribes a fine．2．Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities．3．The 215-page manuscript，circulated t o publishers last October，sparked an outburst of interest．SURE1．I apologize if I had offended you，but I assure you it was unintentional．2．By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor．CEIVE1．Leonardo da Vinci conceived the first mechanical apparatus．2．Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious?MED1．This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future．2．Because of its intimacy，radio is usually more than just a medium．CLAIM1．Parents hold up standards that proclaim: In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!’’2．It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be reclaimed at the manager’s office．ORIGIN1．The universe originated in an explosion from a mass of energy．2．Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained．SENT1．If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring skills passes．2．In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it．3．by common assent，with one assent4．Levin asserted music is not the cause of society’s ills’’．5．I strongly dissent from what the last speaker has said．6．Technically，any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a dog．FUSE1．Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory．2．…to diffuse learning/ knowledge/ light/ heat/ a scent．MINI1．Time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum．2．But，there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained．3．Again，differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished．4．Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society，headaches，tiredness，and stomachupsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air．5．Another major shift in the modern for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing．SPIRE1．The remarkable variety of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution．2．He is planning another tour abroad，yet his passport will expire at the end of this month．FINE1．…it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes．2．The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference．VOC1．Those who support the nurture’’ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists．2．…evoke admiration/ surprise/ memories of the past3．If you provoke the dog，it will attack you．FORM1．Any test performed i nvolves at least three factors．2．I got a letter informing me I had won first prize．3．The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions，although some details have been settled．4．But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about．5．Modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past．6．Recent court decisions have c onfirmed the right of all children．7．The phrase substance abuse’’ is often used instead of drug abuse’’．考研英语高频词组1．abide by（=be faithful to；obey）忠于；遵守。
基础班词汇徐绽
复试：听力（60%的学院）加口语找徐绽的博客下载复试的30个话题，每个话题写200-300字的小短文，然后练熟眼睛盯着坐在中间的老头老太太徐绽联系方式博客地址：微博：/u/997644网站：信箱：xuzhan2009@笔记看5遍，词汇书看5遍加强背诵，培养语感；开始接触真题查《考研英语词汇速记宝典》记5遍文都教育五部分《考研英语写作专项特训30分》《考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解》（vocabulary sentence paragraph)《考研英语美文诵读宝典60+30晨读》《考研英语时文阅读宝典120+60夜读》《考研英语阅读专项特训88篇》做训练《绝对考场最后三模考》早上的黄金时间背整篇文章（美文诵读），下午读熟再背白天的零散时间看单词晚上认真的领会夜读考研英语词汇分数分布Part 1 英语知识运用10Part 2 阅读理解40 （input)新题型10 翻译10Part 3 写作30 (output)拿到一个单词，先拆后猜，缺一不可Goals determine what you are going to be !年龄是生命的长度学识是生命的密度意志是生命的强度梦想是生命的高度Scrib: writeDescribe de: down scrib: write e:v. Description n.Pre =beforeprefix 前缀preview 预览precaution 预防措施predict 预言Precondition 前提条件prepay 预付预支prewar 战前的preschool 学前的Dict 说Dictionary 字典dictum 格言dictate (dictation听力) 口述；支配dictator 支配者Sub =under 下面Subtitle 副标题subarea 分区subeditor 副编辑sublet 转租Subscription订阅量circulation发行量Script 字体，笔记；剧本；Telescript（tele=far；television（vis=see）；visit（vis=see；it=go）;exit(ex=out;it=go)电视剧本Manuscript (manu=hand; manufacture(fact=do);factory(tory=场所);dormitory(dor=sleep); dormant volcane; endorm)Fact =doBenefactor (bene 好)做好事的人，施恩者Malefactor (male 坏；跟男人有关就是不好：malnutrition营养不良；malfuction机能失常）Benediction 说好话malediction 诅咒Fiend 魔鬼；难事，困境（friend在关键时刻不伸出援助之手）Catastrophe 大灾难Elegant 优雅的Pos =put1、提出pose a challenge2、固定搭配Pose threat to sth 对…构成威胁Position1、观点，态度=stand point / viewpoint what's your position on the problem?2、职位，工作full-time position part-time position3、固定搭配be in a position to do sth =be likely to do sthPositive1、肯定的，确定的（放好了的）=definite be positive about/of sth 对…确信无疑2、积极的positive factors 积极因素Possess (pos=put; sess=sit)——assess1、自制；控制2、拥有，占有Sess, sid =sit 词汇书p92 ，93Assess (a=to;a在前面一般都双写；announce, attach, aggressive)Preside——president (pre= before) 统管，统帅，统领Reside——resident (re=again) 逗留，拘留，拘捕Subside——subsidence v. 平息，摆平；物体的沉积、沉淀n.下沉，沉淀；平息，摆平Subsidence for mation 凹陷地层Subsidize——subsidy v. 补助，资助，津贴；n. 津贴，补助Assiduous——insidious adj. 勤勉的，勤奋的adj. 阴险的，狡诈的Possession n.1、拥有，占有2、自制，控制3、财产，财富my riches consist not in the extent of my possessions, but in the fewness of mywants. 我的财富不是在我的财产之多，而是在我的欲望之少real-estate 房地产之类的不动产belongings 可随身携带的财产（when I am with you ,I feel a strong sense of belongings）com ,con, co=togetherCompose1、组成合成2、绘图3、写作4、调解，使平静5、谱曲Be composed of = be made up with = consist of = comprise 由…组成Compound 化合物n 化合的，复合的adjComposition 曲目所绘的图写的作品反义词：decompose 分解（de =down(decline,cline=climb); =not 否定）decompose a compound into its elementsde =down(decline,cline=climb); =not 否定Decontrol 失控，取消管制deforest 砍伐森林dewater 烘干，去除水分detect(tect= cover; protect) 侦查，侦探decode 解码encode 编码（en ）En 使动用法（几乎可以放在大部分名词，形容词前构成动词）（有时可以放前面）Endanger 使陷入危险状态enrage 激怒ennoble 使变得高贵enfeeble 使变得虚弱Enchain 束缚，约束（chain reaction 连锁反应）endure 长期的忍受（dure 持续）（bear 忍受痛苦；tolerate 包容，宽容的容忍）enclose 装入；围绕entitle 使赋予某种权利（be entitled to）enforce 执行（enforce the law；airforce 空军）enrich enlarge (widen)Expose1、展示，展览2、暴露，曝光，揭露3、使某人面对，面临expose sb to danger 使某人面对危险Exposure 暴露，揭露，曝光Exposition 展示，展览=exhibition ; 解释，说明=explanationDepose (de=no) 罢免，罢黜（某人职位）Deposit v./n 1、储蓄（储蓄金）2、预付定金，付保证金（保证金，定金）3、沉积，沉淀（地质学）=subsideA current deposit 活期存款 a fixed deposit 定期存款Cur(r) 跑=runCurrent 流动的，当前的；currency货币，流通curriculum 课程，课表Occur 发生occurConcur 同时发生Recur 重现，再次发生Incur 入侵，侵犯incursive incursion心相印mind act upon mind telephone (tele=far; phone=sound)Tele=farTeleplay电视剧telescript电视剧本teleconference远程会议telecommunication远程通信telescope望远镜Phone=soundMicrophone 扩音器（mic microwave ;mini）stereophone 立体音响（stereo立体的）phonetics 语音学（phonetist）symphony (sym=same)交响乐sympathy (pathy=feel)同情Telepathy 心电感应saxophone 萨克斯管Impose (im = not; on impolite)1、把…强加于/施加于…（impose sth on sb）2、对…征税/处以罚款…（impose a fine/ tax on sb）3、利用（impose on one's kindness）Imposition 强加；征税；欺骗；负担（尤指不公平的负担）Propose (pro=forward,protect, progress(gress=work); retrogress (retro=back); congress; aggressive)1、提建议2、提名，推荐3、求婚Proposal n.propose的三个意思proposition 主题，议题，命题（what's the proposition of the passage? =main idea）Dispose (dis =not, dislike ,disorder; =divide 分)1、处置，处理（dispose of) vi2、(分开) 分开放，排列组合n. Disposal (at sb's disposal 任sb处置，处理)Adj. Disposable disposable chopsticks ( 一次性筷子)书P 391Sens,sent =feel 感觉pathy =feel InsensitiveSensitive 敏感的（insensitive）sensible 明智的(insensible)sensory感觉的，知觉的（sensory organs 人体的感觉器官）sensation 感觉；感动；轰动sensational使人感动的；耸人听闻的Consent 同意，答应consentient 一致的，同意的consensus 一致意见/观点Dissent 不同意，分歧dissentient 不一致的，不同意的dissension 争论，纠纷，分歧resent 反感，憎恨resentful 憎恨的，怨恨的（ful 充满…的状态resentment 憎恨，怨恨（re : =back (return); =again (repeat); =against(resent)）Auto =self 自己mate =moveAutomate 自动automatic 自动的,自动装置的autocriticism 自我批评autobiography 自传（self life write）Gram, graph= write 写Grammar 语法diagram 图表（dia =inter=between）program 节目；电脑程序；计划Parallelogram(para 平行) 平行四边形Geography (geo 大地)地理学paragraph 段落（para 在…旁边）parasite （site地点）门人，食客；寄生虫photography 照片（photo =light 光）photosensitive 感光的Telegraph 电报telegraphic 电报的；简短的telephone 电话Scatter (er表动词，反反复复) V.分散Shatter （反复）敲打，敲击，击碎Human (hum 泥巴）（an=one）(hu=huge)Spir 呼吸，吹气Spirit 精神，心灵，灵魂spiritual 精神的，心灵的，灵魂的Aspire (a=to) 渴望，向往aspirationInspire 激发灵感；鼓舞人心inspirationConspire 共谋，干坏事conspirationExpire 断气，呼出；截止，到期expirationPerspire (per=fully完全）排汗perspiration 排汗系统Respire 呼吸=breathe respirationThanks for your offer to help, but I do not want to impose on you.Baby-booming 生育高峰期baby-boomer 生育高峰期出生的那代人（老人）Get down to do sth 着手做……Tail =cutTailor 裁缝detail 细节n；详细说明v detailed 细节的retail 零售retailing 零售行业Retailor 零售商人（wholesale 批发；wholesaling; wholesaler ）Impractical =unrealistic 不实际的realism 现实主义；写实主义idealism 理想主义；唯心主义materialism 唯物主义；拜金主义(正反两面的意思aggressive ambition）On purpose 故意的for the purpose of doing sth =with the purpose of doing sth =in order to do sth 为了做……En-,-en ; ify , izeWiden deepen heighten lessen shorten sharpen ripen loosen quicken soften tighten strengthenHumid(id …的特征) 潮湿的，黏黏的humidify 使潮湿；使变粘humidifier 加湿器Pure 纯洁purify 提纯purified 纯洁的Modernize 现代化modernization industrilization 工业化Visage 外观n. Envisage 正式，面对，想象Visual effect 视觉效果Visualize 使具体化Review 考察，回顾，评论Preview 预览，先看Revise 修改，修订Supervise 管理，监督（super 超高superstition 迷信（st=stand））白马王子Mr. Right Mr.charmingHe is tall like I am snow white 他个子很矮TainAttain to succeed or arrive at by effort or development 达到一种状态（成功）反：fail Obtain to get sth by effort or development 得到某种东西（奖杯）反：loseRetain allow to remain in a place or position 保持位置或状态反：abandon Always retain yourself vitality 祝你青春常在Maintain 维持，保持（maintain public order）;供养（maintain family）;维修，保养（maintain cars) ; 认为（I maintain ) I affirm, assert, argue, assume, deem ,consider, contend, hold,insist, cling to the idea thatSustain 源源不断的支持，维持的状态sustainable development 可持续性发展Detain 扣押（人，财产）；耽搁（行程，时间）书P ？看句子变体较大：吃eat inedible inedibilityEvade(e:out; vad:walk)逃避inevitable不可避免的inevitabilityVagetable 医学中专指植物人n.其他形容词直接加able 或ible书p119Vacation (vac=empty vaccum cleaner 吸尘器；vacant 未被占用的，空荡荡的）Van =empty vanity 空虚，虚荣vanity box 女士的化妆盒toilet water 花露水Nounce 说，喊出来书P 15Claim 喊出来；索赔Dict 说Lect =speak 说Vit viv bio = lifeVitamin vivid humid vivify reviveContain1、包含2、等同于a pound contains 16 ounces . A foot contains 12 inches3、控制，抑制contain one's angerContainer 集装箱，容器Neglect 无意间的忽略ignore 有意的无视Note 有意的看notice 无意间注意到Glance 刻意的看glimpse无意间瞥了一眼peep偷窥I was shot dead by a glimpse of your eyes 在你不经意间的回眸一瞥就深深的刺穿了我的胸膛Spect 看=look 凡是跟看有关的，都跟想有关Aspect 人的样子，容貌；事物的方面Expect 期待，渴盼unexpectedInspect 看进去；检查，视察inspectionProspect 展望；前景，未来n. Prospective 将来的，未来的Retrospect 回顾retrogress(retro=back)Respect respectable能够respectful充满respective各自的，单独的（反：irrespective不管的，不顾的，不考虑的） a respectable man is often respectful to others 一个受人尊敬的人总是对他人充满敬意的Introspect 内省，反省（look before you leap三思而后行)Suspect 打量，怀疑suspicion suspicious 多疑的conspicuous 显眼的，引人注目的（每个人都能看到的）Speculate v.+in 投机（in futures 在期货中做投机）；+on 考虑，推测Ful 反：lesshopeful;hopeless fruitful;fruitless regretful; regretless shameful可耻的; shameless无耻的Lect =speak ;lect,leg=choose 选Dialect 方言select 分开选，选择elegantCollect 收集collectionRecollect 回忆，回想recollectionElect 选举electionSelect 选择selectioncom, con co 共同（元音开头不双写，辅音开头都双写）corrupt(rupt=break)贪污，腐败bankrupt erupt（e=out）colleague 同事correspond 相符合，相一致（respond回应）collapse 崩溃，倒塌（lapse拉）collocate 布置，配置，排列，并列coexistence coauthor 合著者之一coeducation 男女合校的教育Clud =closeConclude 包含conclusion conclusiveExclude 排外的，排出的，独家的exclusive (exclusive recipe 独家配方)Include 包含的inclusivePreclude 预防，杜绝precludeSeclude 隔离;使孤立，使退隐seclusive 退隐的，隔离的 a seclusive man 隐士Maximum 最大化maximize minimum 最小化minimizeMacro micro=miniMacro climate 大环境，大气候macro world 宏观世界macro scale 超大规模Macro economics 宏观经济学macro biology (micro biology 微生物学）micro element 微量元素Sist =stand,站Consist =stand together 1、consist of …是由…组成的2、consist in 在于，存在于3、consist with 与…保持一致Our greatest glory consist not in narrowly failing but inrather every time we fall (not…but 不是，而是）glory 光辉，荣耀glorious 光辉的，荣耀的Consistent adj一致的，一贯的（否定：inconsistent 不一致的，不协调的）Persist continue to do sth or go on doing sth 坚持（继续做）persistent 持久的，持续的；顽固的，执拗的= stumble persistence 永恒，守恒（the persistence of energy 能量守恒定律）Insist saied or do sth firmly or forcefully 坚持（坚定地说或做）insistent 坚定的，坚持的insistenceResist (re =back; =again; =against ) 抵制；抵抗（in doing sth；cannot resist in doing sth 忍不住做…=cannot help doing sth =cannot help but do sth )；resistance (a way of leastresistance 最容易的办法，最省力的途径）resistant 抵制的，抵抗的（waterresistant 防水的=water proof =antiwater (anti 反)；fire resistant 防火的=fire proof=antifire )Exist 存在，生存，生活existence（sth comes into existence /being 某物得以出现；sb bring sth into existence/ being 某人让某物得以出现）Assist 帮助，援助（assist sb in doing sth/ to do sth) assistant adj.援助的，辅助的；n.助手(financial assistance 经济上的援助/辅助）Anti 反Antipathy 反感Antiforeign 排外的Antiwar 反战的Antibody 抗体Antibacterial 抗菌的Antiaging 抗衰老的Attribute to 归因于,来自于；result from ; stem from ; spring from ; originate from Contribute to 导致……; result in ; bring about ; lead to ; give rise to ;Smoking may contribute to lung cancer.Super 超级Superstructure 上层建筑substructure 下层建筑Superprofit 超额利润supernatural 超自然的，超自然力的superspeed 超速的，超高速的Supersonic 超音速的，超音波的superpower 超级大国Struct =build 建造，建立Construct 构造，建筑construction reconstructDestruct 摧毁，毁灭destruction destructive破坏的，有破坏力的Instruct instruction instructor 导师Obstruct 妨碍，阻碍obstructionStructure 构造，结构structured 有组织的，有结构的，有安排的Infrastructure 基础结构，基础设施infrastructural 基础的，基础建设的（infrastructual project 基础建设工程；infrastructural investment demand 基础建设投资需求）Creationism 神创论creationist 神创论者Evolutionism 进化论Evolutionist 进化论者V olv =turn 旋转Involve 卷入，涉及involutionEvolve 进化evolutionRevolve revolution大变革，大改革revolutionary 革命的，革命者的Devolve 退化；往下传递，移交Intervolve 互相牵连，盘绕，缠绕intervolutionOlogy 学科Bio =life 生命；生物oceanology海洋学methodology 方法论zoology 动物学Biocomputer 生物计算机biochip 生物芯片biotechnology 生物科技bioscience 生物科学bioterrorism 生物恐怖主义Eco 环境的，生态的Ecology 生态学ecodevelopment 经济生态均衡发展Uni =one 一Uniform 制服（form形式）unicorn（corn=horn角）独角兽union 统一Universe 宇宙（vers,vert,volv = turn ）\reverse倒转，颠倒versatile (ile易于…的）多功能的；多面手，多才多艺的Sol =alone 唯一，单独Sole 唯一的solar 太阳的，太阳系的solitary独自的，独居的（lead a solitary life过着独居的生活）比较：solitude （n.孤独）solo （n.独唱，独舞，独奏）console（v安慰）desolate （de 表强调，使荒凉，使荒废）isolate (i=out,v.使隔绝，使孤独，使凄凉)I=outIdentify (dent 牙) identityMono =oneMonologue (logue=talk; dialogue (dia=between, diameter 直径)) 独白Catalogue (cata 下面) 目录，一览表Monotone 单调，乏味monotonous 单调的，乏味的Monopoly (poly=sell) 垄断Monograph 专题论文，专题著作MonokiniBi =double ,twoBilingual education 双语教育（linguistic linguistics linguist 语言；phonetic phonetics phonetist 语音)Bicycle 自行车monocycle 独轮车recycle 利用，回收recyclable 可回收的Bikini 比基尼（两点式的泳衣）Tri =threeTrilingual 三种语言的multilingual 多语言的（multi 多的）Tricycle 三轮车triangle 三角形trichord 三弦乐器（chord =string 弦）Trigonometry 三角学（gono =angle; metry =measure)Triplet 三胞胎之一（let 小东西booklet 小册子leaflet 小叶子）Trivial (vi =way ) 三岔路口；琐碎的，繁琐的；n.细枝末节，繁琐trivialityTrikiniFer, cept, ceive, sum=takeSuffer(suf 在上面）使遭罪suffice( fic =do ) 使充足，使大量Fer p29 cept ceive p10 sum p102Sum =takeCosume 消耗，吃光，喝光consumption 消费量，消耗量consumptive consumer 消费者Resume 再利用；重新开始，继续；个人简历resumption 利用，继续resumptive 再开始的，继续的Assume 假定，假设；承担assumption 假定assumptive 假定的，假设的Presume 假定，假设；擅自行动，自作主张presumption 假定presumptive 推测的，假定的（=assuptive）；presumptuous 傲慢的，自以为是的Cept ceive =takeAccept 接受acceptionExcept 除外，排除；反对exceptionIncept 营养的摄入/摄取inceptionIntercept 截取；法律赋予的裁断，裁决interceptionReceive （客观上的）收到receptionDeceive 欺骗deceptionPerceive (per =fully 完全) 领悟，理解，感知perception 领悟力，理解力Conceive 构思，构想conceptionFer =takeDiffer( dif 分开）different （when it comes to sth, people's opinions differ.）Confer 商讨，商议；颁发，授予conference 会议Infer 推理inference ( what can you infer from the passage? What does the author imply in the passage)Offer 提供，提议；出价offerenceRefer 提及，提到；参考，查阅reference参考资料；证明书Prefer 宁愿选择，喜欢preference 喜好，偏好Defer （de 表强调）延期；（de =down）顺从，服从；deference 顺从，服从Suffer 遭罪sufferanceMigr =remove 移动，转移Emigrate 移出去emigrationImmigrate 移进来immigration表人的部首：er or ist(具备某种思想的人；具备某种专长的人) ant ent ianSocialist 社会主义者specialist专家defeatist 失败主义者futurist 未来主义者Typist 打字员novelist 小说家Inhabitant 居民accountant 会计President 老大resident 居民agent 代理人（ag =do）Civilian 公民electrician 电工politician 政客physician 内科医生librarian 图书管理员Plex ,plic, ply =fold 折Complex 复杂的complexity 复杂性complicate 使错综复杂simplify 使简化，简约Duplicate (du 双) v. 对折；复制；n. 复制品，复本(in duplicate 一式两份)Implication 暗含implyImplicit 含蓄的explicit坦率的，不言自明的Reply 回答，回复Comply 使服从，使遵从，使一致Multiply 乘法；倍增；繁殖；multi =manymultiple 多重的，多样的（multiple choice question) multichannel 多频道的multiform 多形式的（form形式dentiform 齿状的）multilingual 多语的Multilateral 多边的（multilateral trade 多边贸易；bilateral trade 双边贸易）Multifunctional 多功能的Ject =throw 扔Eject 扔出去，喷射，喷发；驱逐，把人赶走Inject 扔进来，注射（injector 注射器）Object 客体objective 客观的(阅读题优选客观题)Subject 主体subjective主观的Project 投射v. ；目标，项目n. Projector 投影仪（Or即可表人也可表物）Abject (ab 偏离=off ,abuse) 卑贱的，可怜的，凄惨的Reject 拒绝；排斥refuse 直截了当的拒绝（fus =flu流淌）Objective 的同义词Impartial 不偏不移的neutral 中立的reserved 有保留的qualified 有条件的Subjective 的同义词arbitrary 任意的，随意的biased 有偏见的（看见尽量不选）Fus =flu 流，流淌Refuse 拒绝Confuse 迷惑，困惑Transfuse （trans=across) 输血Perfuse (per=fully 完全)充满，泼洒Diffuse (di 分开）扩散，传播Interfuse 融合，渗透Flu 流淌Influent 影响(专指思想；affect对身体的影响（fect=do））influenceAffluent 财富的流淌，富足的，富裕的affluenceConfluent 合流的，汇流的confluenceDefluent 往下流淌的defluenceRefluent 逆流，退潮refluenceEffluent 流出的，流淌的effluenceCircumfluent 环流的circumfluenceSuperfluous 过剩的，多余的superfluityPut =think 思考Dispute 争论，争吵，反驳Beyond disputeAct =doLabor =doFic, fect, fact =doActExact 做出来，认真做出来的，精确的adj.; v.强求，强迫Interact 相互作用interactionTransact 交易，商业行为，商业交易transactionCounteract 对抗，抵抗，抵制（count 反）React 反应，起作用reactionEnact (en使动）实施，颁布（法令enact the law)Labor 劳动，做Laborious (ous 充满…的）（工作）艰辛的，费力的；（人）勤奋的，勤勉的Elaborate 精心制作，详细说明v.; adj.精致的，精心的Collaborate 合作，相互勾结Fic, fect, fact =do 书p 28-29FactFactory (tory表场所，dormitory)FicMagnificent (magn =large ;(magnify放大; magnifier放大镜; ））雄伟壮观的Significant （sign 标记）意义深远的SufficantFectAffect v.Effect n. Dual effect 双重功效v. 招致，带来，实现，促使（education effects a real change in his life 教育促使他的生活发生了极大的变化）Infect （病毒的）传染；（思想的）感染disinfected 已消毒的infectious 传染性的；有感染力的Defect 过失，缺点，不足Perfect v. 使完善; n. 完美反：imperfect表否定：im放在p和m开始前；il 放在l前；ir放在r前；in放在c前Imperfect immature illogical irregular(reg= control; regulate p86）Incompetent (pet=seek) 不能胜任的sign 标记what's your sign ? 你属什么的？My sign is a ***我属**Sign v .签名resign 辞职走人Signature 签字，签名n. Signal 信号，暗号，导火索（signal that leading to ）n.; v.发信号，用信号通知，Signify 标记化，表示着，意味着，象征着Design 设计，绘制图案（de强调）Assign 分配，指派v. ；n.assignment 分配的任务Consign 交付，委托Pet =seekCompete competent competitonPerpetuate 使永久，使永恒perpetual 永久的，永恒的，长期的Appetite 食欲，胃口；爱好，欲望appetizer开胃食品Fund =moneyRefund 退款v/n. Demand a refund on sth 所要…方面的退款Nuclear family 核心家庭extended family 三世同堂cracy 统治Bureaucracy (bureau 局；cracy 统治）官僚腐败（mandarin 官僚腐败的，学术界守旧的，写的文章华而不实的；mandarin coat 旗袍；mandarin duck 鸳鸯）Democracy 民主Technocracy 技术统治Theocracy 神权统治Be foreign to 对…相去甚远的，和…格格不入的deception was foreign to his nature .More A than B =rather A than B 与其说是B不如说是A；是A不是BNot so much A as B 与其说是A而不如说是B；是B 而不是A翻译时：破折号变括号，将破折号之后的补充说明成分用括号括起来，放在所修饰的中心词后面Auto =selfAutobiography 传记Automate 自动，自动装置（mate=move）Automatic 自动的，自动装置的，无意识的Autonomy 自治autonomous 自理的，自治的Mit =send 送Admit 接收，接纳（admit the best examinee接收最优的考生（examinier考官））；承认，认可（acknowledge 公开范围的承认，认可；it is generally admitted that……it isuniversally acknowledged that ……）admission(admission notice 录取通知书）Permit 许可，允许；permissible 可行的permissive 放纵的，放任自流的permission （go-ahead许可，允许）Submit 屈服；提交，呈送submissionEmit(e=out) 没有接收（+light, heat, smell, sound, smoke, beams) transmit(trans=across) 传递有接收，跨越式发射Omit 忽略，忘记；省略，删除omissionCommit 把…委托给…（commit sth to memory 记住…）；承诺做…，承担义务做…（commit oneself to sth ); 犯罪，做坏事（commit a crime/murder) mitment 承担义务，许诺，保证committee commission（范围稍大）委员会（economic commission国家经委）commission 表示做事的佣金，手续费，回扣（get/ draw a commission onsth 在…方面获取费用）Remit 寄钱remittance 汇款Intermit 间歇，中断intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的Sub,sur ,sace低一级的，下面，低于的Subsurface 表面之下的Submarine 海平面下的Subaverage 低于平均水平的Subnormal 低于正常的Subtropics 亚热带Subtitle 副标题Subarea 分区Subcentral 接近中心的Sublet 转租Suburban (urban 城市）郊区Subconsciousness 潜意识Cid ,cis =cut, kill 切，割_桥梁作用CidDecide 决定Suicide(sui =self ) 自杀(commit suicide)Pesticide 杀虫剂Bactericide 杀菌剂Herbicide 除草剂Genocide 杀基因，种族灭绝CisConcise adj.简明的，简洁的，简要的Precise adj.明确的，准确的，精确的precisionIncise v. 切开，雕刻，切割Incisive adj. 锋利的，尖锐的Incisor n. 门牙同意的短语：approve of ; agree with ; subscribe with ; in sympathy with ; in favor withForm 形式Transform 转化reform 改革inform 告知uniform 制服Tract, duc, duct =draw =leadDuc =drawEducate ( e-out) reduce 减少seduce 勾引（se 色）produce 生产制造TractAttract 吸引attraction attractive 反：v. repel 排斥n. repulsion adj. Repulsive (pel, puls =push 推P72 ）Contract v. 签合约；收缩（condense (dense浓密）液体浓缩；compress 气体的压缩n.合约（sign a contract ; violate a contract 违约；cancel a contract 取消合同；executea contract 履约，履行合同（CEO：chief executive officer ; CFO: chief financialofficer)）Distract 分开拉，分散注意力，迷惑，扰乱（distract sb from (doing) sth 让sb从sth上分散注意力）the noise distracted me from concentration. Distraction distracteddistractingExtract (ex=out 出来）1. draw out 抽出，拔出crude oil is distracted from a well. 2. 提取，提炼=refine/ take out oil extracted from peanuts. Peacock(TMD )Subtract 减法subtract A from B 从B中减去ARetract 收缩retractable 可缩进的，可取消的Tractor 拖拉机，牵引机；机器设备的引擎Abstract (abs=from) (从…中抽取出来）v.提取，做摘要n.摘要（brief辩护状；案情摘要）adj.理论的，抽象的，深奥的Anthropology 人类学（anthro 人类；logy 学科）Anthroposociology 人类社会学Philosophy 哲学(phi 爱；sophy 智慧）philanthropy 博爱，慈善，善心Zoophilist 爱动物的人Jack 千斤顶Setting up shops in silicon 在互联网上开店Audi =listen 听Audience 听众audiphone 助听器Audible 听得到的inaudible 听不见的Audio 音频的，收音的audiovisuals （vis=see）视听教材，直观教具Audit 审计，审查；旁听auditor 审计员（ballot box 投票箱；blackball投反对票v.;n.反对票）Auditorium 礼堂（um 地点尾缀，stadium(stad=stand);forum 论坛；museum (mus主管艺术的神，amuse 使消遣，使逗乐，amusing 有趣的，好玩的=funny））Dead president 美元senior-citizen 老年人Put sb to sleep = kill sb put sb to bed 哄睡觉Cess, ceed ,ced =goCedConcede 妥协，让步；给予，割让concessionRecede 1、leave,depart 离开2、退出合约，收回意见withdraw 3、drop pr decline in force or value 价值或力量的下降下跌（专指经济的不景气）recession经济大萧条（=depression) deflation 通货紧缩inlation 通货膨胀Precede 先于，领先于precedent 先例unprecedented 史无前例的preceding 以前的（preceding years 前几年CessAccess = to go (have access to =have knowledge of =have idea of 知道;否定在名词前加no）accessory （ory可表adj.帮助的，辅助的n. 配件；从犯，帮凶）Excess n.(ex=out) 过剩，多余；超越，超额；超出（go/run to excess 走极端）excessive 过分的，过度的exceeding 非常的Exceed v.Process （pro=forward)v.加工，处理n.工序，过程Preceed v.1.往前走，列队前进（precession队列，行列）=march；2.proceed to do sth=go on doing 继续做；3.proceed against 控诉，控告某人n.Blood and flesh 血肉之躯brave v.勇敢的面对考试：Pos = putTain = holdSist = standJect = throwTrans = acrossMit = sendTract = drawCes,cees = goVers = turnLabor = doDict = saySign = markServ = keepFer = takePress = pressFact,fect = doCept,Dut,duct = draw, leadForm = shapeSense, sent = feelLect = choosePart,port = divide, carryPel, puls = pushPet = seekReg = controlSid = sitI count him braver who can overcome his desire than him who conquers his enemies, for the hardest victory is victory over themselves。
010考研英语徐绽词汇笔记(二)
/s/blog_5fec0e9a0100e552.html~type=v5_one&label=rela_prevarticle010考研英语徐绽词汇笔记（二）(2009-07-29 21:02:44)标签：考研文都徐绽词汇教育分类：考研指南第九节接上节photograph photo- 光记忆：光在底片上写，释义：照片legitimate leg- 表示law回忆：elegant leg = chooselegal 否定：illegal 不合法的rational否定：irrtional 不合逻辑，不合理l开头形容词否定il-r开头的形容词否定ir-例：logical 否定illogical 不符合逻辑的legacy -acy 名词后缀记忆：法律上规定订好了的，释义：n.遗产，财产，遗赠legitimate -ate后缀，既可以表示形容词，又可以表示名词，动词后缀此单词中即表示形容词，又表示动词后缀-itim- 表示…的最高级leg-表示法律记忆：法律的最高级，释义：v.使合法，使合理；adj.合法的，合理的本文中为形容词hasten 促进，促使haste匆忙的，加速的讲一种构词法：<1>adj.+en= v.可以变成动词例：shap 尖的，锋利的shapen 消尖，把…变得很尖fright 害怕，恐惧frighten 使害怕，使惊恐loose 松散loosen 解开，放松wide 宽，宽广widen 拓宽<2>en- +adj. = v.large 巨大enlarge 使扩大fore enforce 使…增加压力airforce 空军注：en加在名词后面，表示…状态的形容词，即n.+-en = adj.例：wood是木头wooden 笨拙的，呆板的goldgoldenas long as…只要…相当于if…1.★2001 Passage 2What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.然而，那时还不太明显的是一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素。
徐绽2007考研英语强化班写作讲义(二)
2007年考研英语应用文应对策略2007年写作将继续考查两篇文章。
两篇文章各有侧重。
主要变化来自于增加一篇应用文，其实，2003和2004年的大纲都强调了要会写应用文，如书信、简历摘要和备忘录，只不过在05年才开考，考生已经应有心理准备。
从其它考试中看，四六级考试、雅思、全国MBA联考、BEC一直都在考查书信写作，也就是说，写作方面并没有出现新题型。
所谓的大纲变化在写作部分只是增加了篇目调整了分数而已。
考查两篇文章的形式类似于雅思考试，已经不是什么新鲜事。
根据大纲要求，A节可能考查一篇简短的书信，要求的字数为100词，长度低于四六级要求的120词和150词，我们不必太感惊慌，可以泰然处之。
从形式上看应该侧重考查事务信函，也只有事务信函才能用到书面语的正式语体。
大纲已经强调对信函的格式不会过于苛求，所以考生不用花很多时间研究信封地址写法和信体格式，不用考虑书写属于齐头式还是缩进式。
但最基本的Dear XXX,以及Yours sincerely还是需要一步到位。
到了这个层次，事务信函已经基本等同于一篇普通的提纲作文，我们还是按照提纲要求的若干内容发挥，把每一点扩充成一段。
新赠作文要求写100字左右应用性短文,应用性短文通常包括各种信函、简历、便条、备忘录等，笔者认为考生准备重点在各种信函。
信函主要有：求职信、投诉信、邀请信、订购信、询问信、感谢信、道歉信、推荐信等八种，而在这八种信函中前五种是重点的重点。
由于这是一篇小作文所以要求100字左右，难度相对于六级还低。
考生只要熟悉一些常用‘经典’句型，便可在短时间一挥而就。
比如求职信开篇的一个‘黄金’句型：I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on January 10th, 2003, which invites applications for interpreters. Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background. 又如此类信件结束的一个‘钻石’句型：I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from at your earliest convenience.考生再少加发挥，在二段设置几个‘亮点’，一篇高分文章就由此‘诞生’了。
文都徐绽考研英语阅读之阅读技巧笔记
文都徐绽阅读讲座阅读技巧笔记这是文都徐绽阅读讲座上阅读技巧笔记，最全最完整。
会对你考研阅读以较大突破！包括：考研阅读三步走,十大解题思路,五大微观阅读技巧,八大宏观阅读技巧，五层阅读的方法,十大错误答案所具备的特征,正确选项的特征,正确答案应用的原则，Scanning读法注意事项考研阅读三步走：1.通读文章。
运用首段原则和首末句原则，难句一定要读懂。
2.思考问题：a。
文章的中心主题是什么。
b。
文章的核心概念是什么（一般是反复出现的一个核心词）。
C。
作者的态度是什么（是谁对谁的态度）。
3.仔细审题（先审题干，题干中没有信息点，再审选项），定位（两种方法：1，关键词定位。
2，自然段定位原则。
）返回原文。
4.重叠选项，认真选择，得出答案。
结论性的句子需要慢读，引用说明的句子需要快读。
引用的作用有两点：1。
支持自己的观点。
2.批评别人论据的论点。
十大解题思路：1.细节实事题标志：文章提到具体的时间，地点，人物，问它们具体的关系。
五个w，一个h。
做题的关键：返回原文（题干返回原文：1，根据关键词返回原文2.自然段返回原文；选项返回原文：1，重点词，同义词返回原文2.根据长难句返回原文）迷惑选项的设置方式：1偷换概念（比如说蒙古人喝牛奶，而选项却说蒙古人喝豆浆）2.正反混淆（肯定说成否定，反之亦然）3，因果倒置4常识判断（符合常识的不一定对，但不符合常事的一定不对）5扩大范围（破车不是车，破车是破车）2.例证题包括1）典型型标志：illustration demonstration case example做题关键：准确找到例子所支持的观点，而不在于能看懂例子本身做题步骤：返回原文，找到例子出处。
然后，从例子出发，80%向上搜索，20%向下，找到该例子支持的观点，在四个选项中寻找与表达的观点最一致，意思最接近的一个。
干扰选项的特征：A就事论事。
把例子中某一部分内容概括一下放到选项中。
（特殊例证题，从文章的一个观点出发，来考文章之外的内容，做题关键:要把握观点）B混淆论点论据。
徐绽 新大纲解读
文都第一时间解读2011考研英语考试大纲在广大考生和社会各界的热切期盼中，《2011全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》终于面世了！文都教育根据《2011考研英语大纲》，与《2010年考研英语大纲》做细致比对，第一时间对2011年考研英语大纲的考查权重、比例、知识点进行全方位解析，帮助广大考生目标明确、有的放矢全面准备2011年考研英语。
根据《2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》的内容来看，与2010年大纲相比，2011年考研英语大纲非常稳定，基本没有变化。
2011考研英语大纲的细微变化之处在于：最新大纲将之前的“试题类型”改为“考试形式和试卷结构”，“评价目标”改为现在的“考查内容”。
一、词汇回顾去年的大纲中，研究生考试英语对词汇的掌握提出了更加具体的要求；考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生产的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
（《2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》）这种具体要求加强了对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上的要求：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。
对考生说明一定要避免和戒除对单词的机械记忆，要用科学和活学活用的态度学习单词。
确实如此，每年在真题中遇到的不少生词可以通过词根、词缀和合成词猜测词义。
在考研文章中出现的专业类词汇是极少数的，而且往往不会影响对全文的影响。
可能很多考生都会因为这些词汇的出现，而认定考研的高难度词汇很多。
其实，《2011全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》依然着重强调：广大复习备考的考生朋友们一定要着力提高“大纲核心”词汇水平。
徐绽考研英语560个核心词组
1. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解2. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地3. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致4. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据5. on one’s own accounta) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益b) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责c) (=by oneself)依靠自己6. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去7. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.8. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. forsth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告9. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理10. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于11. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, complywith, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe,opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循12. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;13. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.14. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.15. take advantage of (=make the best of,utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.16. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意17. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…; ahead of time 提前.18. in the air a)不肯定, 不具体. b)在谣传中.19. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.20. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计21. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.22. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.23. answer for (undertake responsibility for, beliable for, take charge for) 对…负责.24. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.25. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for26. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉27. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力28. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good) 赞成,29. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.30. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…31. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt orsorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻32. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believeor trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.33. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结34. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…35. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;36. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于..,认为是..的结果37. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均38. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge)意识到,知道.39. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台40. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb in an impolite way)不理睬,背弃,抛弃41. be based on / upon 基于42. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上43. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义44. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth.on sb. 把…推在某人身上45. boast of (or about) 吹嘘46. out of breath 喘不过气来47. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之48. in bulk 成批地,不散装的49. take the floor 起立发言50. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设51. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.52. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉53. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of 至于…, 就…而言54. be cautious of 谨防55. center one’s attention on(=focus one’sattention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上56. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然57. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…58. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)59. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地60. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论61. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好.62. compare…with … 把…与…比较63. by comparison 比较起来64. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补65. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维)66. comply with (=act in accordance with ademand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从67. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想68. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心69. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关70. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如.in that = because 因为;now that = since 既然 for all that = although 尽管71. in / out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit) 健康状况好/不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态72. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认;73. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. aboutone’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖74. confidence in sb. / sth. 对…的信赖75. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内76. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)77. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;a)obey服从; b) observe; c)comply with照…办; d)keep to遵循; e)abide by服从; f)stick to按..做78. be confronted with(=be brought face toface with) 面对, 面临79. congratulate sb. on 祝贺80. in connection with(=with regard to)关于,81. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道82. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意83. in consequence (=as a result) 结果84. under consideration 在考虑中85. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致86. consult sb. on/ about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教87. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快88. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反89. on the contrary 相反90. in contrast to/with 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下91. contribute to 有助于92. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制93. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 . be convenient to / for 对…方便94. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…95. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理96. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境97. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信98. correspond to 相当于correspond with 符合,一致99. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价100. a matter of course 理所当然的事101. (a) passion for 对…的热爱,热情102. be patient with 对…耐心103. pay for 赔偿, 付款, 报偿, 处罚104. (be) at peace with 与…和睦相处 in peace (=peacefully)安静,平安105. peculiar to… 特有的, 独具的106. penalty for 对…的处罚,罚金107. persist in 坚持,固执108. in person 亲自, 当面109. in place (in right or proper place) 放在应放的地方110. in place of (=instead of) 代替111. take(a) pleasure in 喜欢做某事112. be on the point of doing sth. (=be about to do sth.) 刚要去做113. beside the point 不切正题,无关紧要114. come to the point 谈主要问题115. there is no point in doing sth.没必要做某事116. to the point 中肯, 切题117. point at (=indicate, direct attention)指着 point out (=indicate, show) 指出,指明118. popular with/among大众所喜爱的,拥戴119. in the position of 处在…位置上120. in practice 实际上(状语);业务熟练(表语)121. be(get) out of practice 荒疏,不熟练122. bring(put)…into practice使…成为现实123. prefer…to… (choose rather, like better) 宁要, 更喜欢124. in the presence of 在…在场的情况下125. for the present(=for the time being, for now)暂且,就现在来说; at present现在,此刻126. preside over / at 主持(会议,业务等)127. prevail over 占优势, 压倒, 战胜128. prevent…from 使…不, 防止…做129. previous to (=prior to) 在…之前130. take pride in(=pride oneself on) 以…自豪131. in principle (=only in regard to the main idea) 原则上132. prior to (=before) 在…之前133. in private (=privately) 私下, 秘密地 in public 公开地134. proceed from (=arise from, result from) 由…发出, 由…引起(产生)135. proceed with ( =begin and continue sth.) 继续进行136. in progress(=in the state of be done)进行中137. prohibit…from (=forbid) 禁止, 阻止138. in proportion to 与…成比例139. protect…from 阻止..不受,保护不受140. provide for 为…做准备142. on purpose(=by intention, deliberately)故意143. be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某种职业上合格144. call…in question 对…表示怀疑145. in question (=under discussion)所谈及的;146. at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地147. range over (=cove, include) 范围包括148. range between 范围在..与..之间不等150. beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解)151. react to 对…作出反应152. in the red 亏损,负债,赤字 (be) get out of red 不再亏损153. give one’s regards to sb. 向…问候154. relevant to 与…有关的155. to one’s relief 令…感到放心的是156. remark on(upon) 对…发表评论157. remedy for 对…治疗法, 补救, 药物158. resort to 诉诸于.., 求助于…resort to force 诉诸于武力159. in/with respect to (=concerning)有关,关于160. be response for 对…负责, 是造成…原因161. restrain…from(=hold back from)抑制..不..162. get rid of 摆脱, 去掉, 除去163.be in the right正确的;in the wrong错误的164. give rise to (=lead to) 引起, 导致165. at the risk of(=with danger of)冒...的风险166. for the sake of ( =for the good or advantage of ) 为了…起见167. be for sale 待售168. on sale (=offered to be sold) 出售, 上市169. be satisfied with 满意170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止174. out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from 从某时期开始(有)175. deal with (=concern) 论及176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退;in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discardeliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压205. have…to do with 与…有关系206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于209. come off duty 下班210. go on duty 上班211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required byone’s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做)213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望214. by ear (=play music from memory withouthaving seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition ofsounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力219. at (one’s) ease ( = without worry ornervousness) 自在,不拘束220. put sb. at his / her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束221. economize on (=save sth. instead of beingwasteful) 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效224. go into effect生效 ( 近: come into effect;take effect; be brought into effect)225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…230. to that effect 是那个意思的…231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等)232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end (=continuously) 连续地236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了237. no end of (=very many/much) 很多,大量238. in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终239. at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to door to say) 无法可想, 智穷计尽240. end up with 以…而结束241. come to and end (=finish) 结束242. end in 以…为结束243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事244. enter for (=put the name on a list for) 报名参加245. enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等)246. enter on / upon (=begin) 开始 (一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等)247. be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格…248. be equal to 等于249. be/ feel equal to (=have enough strength,ability etc.) (某人)能胜任,能应付on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地250. be equipped with 装备有,装有251. (be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount,meaning) 相等于, 相当于252. in essence (=in its/one’s nature) 本质上253. at all events (=in spite of everything, in anycase) 不论怎样, 无论如何254. in any event (=whatever happens in thefuture) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样255. in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用)256. in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..258. except (=but) 除了。
徐绽-翻译难点解析
【徐绽老师】考研英语【翻译】难点精析——2012版整理笔记考研英语翻译难点精析徐绽根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”其测试的重点是考生对英语的理解能力及汉语表达能力,有关翻译部分的规定是“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意”。
这就需要考生既要有比较好的英语基础，还要有扎实的汉语功底。
翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言；它是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求学生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化等有较好的掌握，还要求学生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。
但是其在评分时有合适标准和可接受的标准，也就是说只要考生所翻译的句子适合于上下文的基本思想而且其译文也能被人所接受，一般可以判定这个句子的翻译符合要求。
由于翻译部分的句型结构和阅读理解的较难句型基本类似，考试重点如出一辙，为了让大家更好的理解阅读理解真题文章，提高做题正确率，现在把考研翻译方法进行归纳总结，以便大家复习参考。
考研英语翻译难点精析（一）被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
徐绽老师的考研英语辅导课堂笔记哦-很经典!
徐绽老师的考研英语辅导课堂笔记哦-很经典!徐绽英语课堂笔记：阅读理解技巧总结Part A. 阅读题解题技巧——该部分共4篇短文20道题（40’）一、解题思想三步走1、通篇细读，把握全文中心以及各段核心概念；2、仔细审题干，确定题目类型，返回原文定位，再次阅读文章；3、分析选项，对比原文信息，得出正确答案。
注意读文章、做题时间各占一半。
二、十大解题思路1、细节事实题标志：when what which who where how等。
题型特征：①、题干明确提到时间、地点、人物、事实等细节信息或之一；②、有可能针对一句话或几句话发问；③、题干、选项间有可能存在因果关系。
解题思路：①、返回原文，准确定位，依据题干或选项中时间、地点、人物等关键词返回原文定位；②、依据题干或选项中重点词（一般为实词：动词，名词，形容词等）或其同义词返回原文定位；③、依据出题顺序返回原文定位；④、依据长难句返回原文定位。
2、句子理解题标志：在题干中明确提出原文某句话。
关键：做这类题不在于上下文，而在于句子本身。
解题思路：①、重点是返回原文，对该句语法、句法、词法精准解析，理解其深层含义；②、若该句话含义不太好确定，则可以适当依据上下文进行判断，因为没有一个句子独立存在，局部含义决定了整体含义；③、一般来说，正确选项与原问话是同义替换关系；④、错误选项特征经常是过分推理；⑤、正确选项不包括过分绝对化词语。
3、例证题标志：题干中出现case example/examplify illustration/illustrate demonstration/demonstrate。
关键：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子所支持的观点，并对观点所在句子做仔细分析。
解题思路：①、首先返回原文，找到例子所在段落，若整段话都是例子，到上一段寻找观点，若例子只是一句话或者几句话，在本段中寻找观点，80%向上，20%向下，搜索该例子所支持的观点；②、在四个选项中，寻找与找到的论点最一致、意思最接近的一个作为正确答案；③、有时例子所支持的观点在题中不明显，需要根据例子之前的信息进行归纳总结；④、文章中考察引用、类比、列举也是为了说明观点按例证题解题思路做题；⑤、错误答案设计方式：混淆论点与论据或者列举无关信息。
徐绽英语笔记终极版
阅读 (1)阅读文章三步走 (1)十大解题思路 (2)五大微观阅读技巧 (4)八大宏观阅读技巧 (5)正确答案的特征 (5)错误答案的特征 (6)做题时的注意点 (6)四大金刚法则 (6)新题型 (7)一，七选五填空式阅读 (7)二，排序题 (7)三，概括大意题 (7)完形填空 (7)翻译 (7)作文 (8)一，结构 (8)二，内容 (8)三，语言： (10)阅读阅读文章三步走①，通篇细读，把握全文中心，各段核心内容【每个段落的首尾句，每篇文章首段】。
②，仔细审题，返回原文定位，再次阅读文章。
③，分析选项，对比原文信息，得出正确答案。
明线：五大微观阅读技巧，八大宏观阅读技巧，十种解题思路暗线：正确，错误答案的特征十大解题思路一，细节题1，标志：①在题干中明确提到时间，地点，人物，事物等细节信息；②针对文章中的一句话或几句话发问；③题干和选项之间可能是因果关系。
2，关键：返回原文，准确定位3，方法：①可以根据题干中的时间，地点，人物等关键词返回原文定位；②可以根据题干或选项中的重点词或重点词的同义词返回原文定位，重点词包括：动词，名词，形容词；③可以根据出题顺序返回原文定位；④根据长难句返回原文定位。
二，句子理解题1，标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某句子要求理解其含义2，关键；做这类题的关键是看句子本身而不是上下文3，方法：返回原文对该句子进行语法，句法，词法的精确解析；②若有时候该句子的含义不好确定时，则可根据上下文进行判断，因为任何句子都不是孤立存在的；③一般来说，选项中正确答案与原句子之间是同义关系，只不过用其他词来代替；④错误选项的特征：不切合原文的过分推理；⑤正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三，主旨大意题1，标志：best title / main idea / main problem / conclusion / mainly discuss / purpose / mainly deal with / the author intends to / a digest of2，关键：利用宏观阅读技巧做主旨大意题，不管主旨题出现在什么位置考察，都作为最后一道题做3，方法：①串线法：通过文章首段中心句和其余段落的第一句话，把其含义作为一个整体；②逆向思维快速作文法：在两个选项难以分辨时，可以分别以其为作文题目，在写作中快速构思这两个题目的写作提纲，若做构思的提纲与原文内容大致相同的为正确答案，否则为干扰选项；③做主旨题时要小心有些文章的首段仅仅是引言段，不是文章的中心；④主旨大意题错误选项的特征是：a，局部信息即选项内容小于文章内容；b，范围过宽即选项内容大于文章内容。
徐绽考研英语阅读理解技巧
徐绽考研英语阅读理解技巧徐绽考研英语阅读理解技巧第一部分、十大解题思路一、细节题1、题干上有五个W一个H提问，2、题干中明确的会提到时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步骤：（1）重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确（不能推）理解该句子的深刻含义。
（2）若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
（3）一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title main idea main problem conclusion mainly disguss mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose the author intends to do sth a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：（1）段落少，用串线法。
(2）快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志：题干中出现attitude believe consider deam regard2、作者态度可以分为三大类：（1）正态度：支持，乐观，赞同（2）客观、中立、公正（3）反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案（永陪选项）：indifferent（漠不关心）；subjective（主观的biased（有偏见的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
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五大微观阅读技巧1)虚拟语气作者写作时采用虚拟语气，一般表示建议、态度、和观点，用来表达一种反事实的假设。
阅读时，重点要体会作者利用反话正说，正话反说所传递的言外之意。
2)长难句主句，从句多又长，一个主句带多个从句，从句又含从句方法：（1）先抓整句话的主干，从前向后读句子，找出独立的谓语部分，把握复杂句中，最核心的主谓宾语，再根据从句的连接词，区分主从句，层层扩展进行理解。
（2）分词短语、to do结构，独立主格的干扰注意理解主句最完整的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的主谓语部分，一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的诸位部分，它不是句子，而是分词短语、to do 结构，独立主格。
3)长难句基本语法结构形式主语或宾语强调句结构非限制性定语从句同位语从句倒装结构省略句4)标点符号的作用句号：用来分割句子，以句子为单位把一个长的段落切分成为不同的句型。
逗号：两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后是用是一个补充说明成分，可以先不看。
冒号：冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步是具体补充说明前面的内容。
分号前后是并列关系，包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。
破折号：两个破折号之间或者一个破折号之后是补充说明成分，可以先不看。
引号：一种作用是用来引用别人的观点，用来支持作者观点，或者是作为批判的对象。
一种是说反话，表示反语。
括号：补充说明的作用。
5)类比关系类比，引用，举例都是为了要说明观点，可以把类比看做特殊的例证，重点是要找出作者所支持的观点。
阅读的时候注意识别一下类比的核心概念，作者把什么比喻成了什么，也就是类比或者比喻的对象。
十大解题思路一、细节题题干上有五个W一个H提问，题干中明确的会提到时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话。
2、步骤：（1）重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
要求精确理解该句子的深层含义。
（2）若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
（3）一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他英语词汇表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title main idea main problem conclusion mainly disguss mainly deal with 或者问作者的写作目的purpose the author intends to do sth a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：（1）段落少，用串线法。
（2）快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、attitude believe consider deam regard2、作者态度可以分为三大类：3、正态度：支持，乐观，赞同4、客观、中立、公正5、反对、批评、怀疑等价选项都不选6、有些选项一定不是正确答案（永陪选项）：indifferent（漠不关心）；subjective （主观的）；biased（有偏见的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）7、识别作者态度：方法一：可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断方法二：当作者态度没有明确提出时，找文章中有褒贬含义，含有感情色彩的词。
8、特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。
做题时不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。
五、态度题的新趋势：1、现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。
2、选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：quarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的刺绣是的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly compeletly entirely六、推理题1、标志：往往出现infer imply learn2、解题关键：（1）绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。
正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。
（2）做题时看是否可以通过题干返回原文，或者依据选项返回原文，一般围绕文章中的一两个重点句进行思考，特别注意文章中含义深刻或者结构复杂的句子。
因为对作者所表达的意思不能一下子理解的长难句是命题所在。
特别注意：做题时不能想的太多，推的太远，是否能把原文看懂才是关键。
七、例证题的解题思路1、标志：example case illustration demonstration examplify2、解题关键：不在于是否看懂了例子，而在于是否找到了例子所支持的观点。
3、步骤：（1）返回原文，定位该例子。
（2）80%向上，20%向下搜索该例子支持的论点。
（3）在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致，意思最接近的一个。
注意，有时候例证题所支持的观点需要归纳总结。
4、错误答案的论述方式：混淆论点与论据；列举无关常识。
八、判断题1、标志：which of the following statement is not ture? All of the following is ture except...2、思路：首先判断是三对一错还是三错一对，所谓对是符合原文或者符合作者态度的。
所谓错是指原文有矛盾或者原文未提及的概念，或者与作者态度相反的内容。
每个选项力争返回原文，与原文信息进行一一比较排除注意这种题目的选项，有时候会集中于某段的信息或者各具一些共同特征，所以做题时可以先对比一下四个选项，找出其中可能存在的共同点，再回到原文定位。
九、词汇题1、标志：在题目中明确指出某处的单词或者词组。
2、关键：该单词并不重要，重要的是上下文。
3、如果该单词认识，并且不超纲，那么他的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。
其正确答案是根据上下文推出的更深层的含义。
4、方法：重点利用上下文的逻辑关系带入替换。
5、指代题6、标志：在题干中明确指出某个代词要求辨别it that7、步骤：返回原文，定位代词。
向上搜索词，短语，句子。
将找到的词，短语，句子带入替换，看是否通顺。
在四个选项中，找与找到的词最接近的一个。
八大宏观阅读技巧1) 花开两朵，各表一枝写作的模式一般是开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。
阅读这种类型的文章，关键是要把握两个概念的定义以及它们的区别于联系。
2) 问题答案型改写作模式往往是在第一段出现一个问题，在随后的各段提供该问题的答案。
阅读时重点理解该文章的中心，其中心就是该问题的最直接最主要的答案3) 时文特点：耸人听闻，吸引眼球；貌似客观，内涵态度；抛砖引玉，一起争论阅读时文时，把握时文的中心出现在手段的末句，或者二段的首句。
4) 独句段出现一个句子单独成段，特别是其出现在文章开始或者结尾，一般其表达的是文章的中心思想。
若位于文章中间部分一般是承上启下的作用。
5) 开门见山文章的写作特点是：直接给出观点，摆出事实论据，进行推理论证，每段都紧扣文章的主题。
6) 启承传合阅读时要抓住论点，区分论点合论据的关系，因为题目设计往往围绕论点进行，并要注意把握文章首尾的前后呼应关系。
7) 平铺直叙事实合观点交叉出现，在字里行间达到阐明观点的目的，需要大家综合各段内容，通过分析和归纳判断。
8) 层层递进一篇文章的整体，或者几个段落论述的问题，由从抽象到具体，从初级到高级，从简单到复杂的过程，且各段从开始都出现递进词，阅读时注意把握这种文章的中心，或几段的核心。
观点必然出现在层层递进各段的最后一段。
其他一、阅读三个步骤：1、通读全文，把握中心仔细审题，返回原文重叠选项，得出答案二、从五个角度精读：1、抓住文章的中心，和论述的宏观结构。
（泛读）2、认真把握各段大意，争取用1——2个词或者短语概括其意，并把意义相近的段合并成为一个整体。
3、以段为单位，对文章进行更加深入的分析，也就是对单词，词组的背诵以及对长句的精确翻译，整文的朗读和背诵。
4、佳句摘录，模仿写作。
5、换位思考，分析出题人为什么选这样的文章，难度在哪里，论述的结构是什么。
并对每一个选项都精确分析，找出正确答案在文中的出处。
三、错误选项的十大特征：1、无中生有，乃原文中未提及的概念2、正反混淆3、所答非所问（选项符合原文，但是不符合题干）4、扩大范围5、因果倒置6、常识判断（符合常识的不一定是正确答案，但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案）7、过分绝对。
（never must no+名词，若有缓和就不是错误的）8、推的过远9、变换词性10、偷换概念四、正确答案五大特征：1、正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意有关。
2、正确答案所在位置（1）首段段尾句（2）转折处（3）因果关系处（4）条件关系处3、正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换，或者正话反说，反话正说。
4、正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can may might尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。
5、正确答案具有概括性，深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
五、遇到难的单词时：遇到难的单词时，要分别处理，如果影响到文章的理解，根据上下文进行判断，不影响整体理解时，可直接跳过，最重要是相信自己能读懂。
六、关键的句子读不懂时1、关键的句子读不懂时，从结构的角度进行缩句，找出独立的谓语动词，可以帮助理解句子的主干。
2、找不到谓语动词时，可以借助上下文的逻辑关系，对这句话的意思进行猜测。
七、遇到文章完全看不懂时：1、遇到难的文章时，通读首段的第一句话，尾段的第一句话。
看是否能把握住前后呼应的关系，猜测这篇文章的大意。
2、与此同时，快速浏览全文，充分的做记号。
记号点：显示文章结构的信息词：but even althought for example显示作者态度的，具有感情色彩的词。
徐绽考研英语阅读理解十大解题思路正确理解标点符号（微观）1.句子用来分割句子2.两个逗号之间或一个逗号之后是补充说明成分，可以跳过去先不看，先抓主干3.冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面具体补充说明前面的内容，4.分号前后是并列关系，包括结构上和语义上的并列5.两个破折号之间或一个之后是补充说明成分6.引号作为批判或支持的论据，说反话表示反语7.括号内起补充说明或解释词义的作用总括（宏观）1.通读全文，把握中心2.仔细审题，返回原文3.重提选项，得出答案作者一般支持新观点，批判大众观点类比关系（微观）1.类比举例列举引用都是为了说明观点，阅读时重点要把握作者所支持的观点2.可以把类比看做是特殊的例证，找出其说明的观点3.识别一下作者把什么比作什么，对解题有帮助出现独句段及一个句子单独成段（宏观）当独句段出现在文章开始或末尾，该独句段所阐释的意义就是中心思想，出现在文章中间的时候一般起承上启下的作用引用无论正确的引述或反面引述都是为了说明文章的主题，重点找出作者支持的观点层层递进（宏观）一篇文章的整体或几个段落的问题，由从抽象到具体，由初级到高级，从简单到复杂的过程，且各段开始都出现递进词，注意把握这种文章的中心段或几段的核心观点，必然出现在层层递进的最后一段问题答案型（宏观）该类型文章往往第一段出现一个问题，随后各段提供答案，文章的中心就是该问题最直接最主要的答案时文（宏观）特点:1 耸人听闻，吸引眼球2 貌似客观，内含态度3 抛砖引玉，引起争论重点把握，中心句一般出现在首段末句或第二段首句1.例证题标志：example，illustration，demonstration，case，动词形式也是关键在于找到例子支持的观点，而不在例子本身a：首先返回原文，找到例子出现的位置b：从例子本身出发，80%向上搜索c：在4个选项中，寻找与找到的观点表达最一致，意思接近的一个；特别注意例证题强烈干扰信息的设计特征是就事论事，把某一部分内容放在选项中，错误在于混淆论点与论据，列举无关常识2.词汇题在题目中明确指出原文中某处单词或词组，要求辨别如果认识，属于大纲词汇，则其字面意思必不是正确答案，重要的是单词上下文。