东北师范大学英语研究生试题
2005年东北师范大学英语实践基础考研试题
2005年东北师范大学英语实践基础年东北师范大学英语实践基础考研考研考研试题试题学科专业学科专业：：英语语言文学英语语言文学、、外国语言学及应用语言学外国语言学及应用语言学、、课程与教学论考试科目考试科目：：英语实践基础考试时间考试时间：：2005年1月23日上午Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points)I. Complete the sentences by choosing one of the four alternatives indicated as A, B, C and D. (20 points)1. Several short trips to smaller Hawaiien islands were all part of Benny’s__________.A. itineraryB. reservationC.transportation D. agency2. Following dinner, everyone was to attend a __________.A. museumB. cinemaC.orchestra D. concert3. Before making his decision, Brad took his time reviewing the entire __________.A. patronB. menuC.luncheon D. intermission4. Due to the severity of his injury, George was taken directly to the __________.A. nursing homeB. insurance agencyC. waiting roomD. emergency room5. Ruth used a “50% off” __________ to purchase her new shirt.A. commodityB. couponC.receipt D. waitresses6. In order to buy a new car, Betty was required to make a $2,000 __________ on the vehicleA. down paymentB. leaseC.auction D. installment7. After nearly a week in the hospital, Sarah needed a few more weeks for__________.A. recuperationB. pillsC.prescription D. medicine8. Before calling technical support, make sure each and every __________ is securely plugged in.A. socketB. activationC.cable D. current9. Bacon is the most important __________ in this particular recipe.A. muttonB. ingredientC.poultry D. instrument10. Ashley really wanted to purchase a __________ since her desktop was much too heavy to carry around with her.A. cyberspaceB. websiteC.laptop D. digital11. Pressing the F12 function key to __________ a second program which backs up all the data.A. activateB. conductC.charge D. convert12. An electrical __________ in the kitchen caused the fire which destroyed the entire office building.A. terminalB. malfunctionC.laboratory D. sensor13. John does not like his __________ since it meant he had to travel two or three times per week.A. consumerB. appointmentC.assignment D. consensus14. Since the family had recently experienced financial hardships, the loan officer decided to __________ the usual fees.A. tradeB. waiveC.compete D. assemble15. Individuals who excel at their jobs usually consider their work a top __________.A. outlookB. liabilityC.purchase D. priority16. After the election was over, the loser __________ to the winner.A. inspectedB. abidedC.conceded D. traded17. One of the Tom’s new responsibilities was to go to local colleges and universities to __________ students into the construction management business.A. retireB. recruitC.promote D. transfer18. Since the winter season was approaching, Clare went shopping for warmer__________ for the master bedroom.A. furnitureB. beddingC.construction D. kitchenware19. The __________ room was plenty large and allowed Andy extra room to fold the clean clothes.A. laundryB. cellarC.kitchen D. attic20. Pam spent $30,000 to __________ the old home and modernize it.A. utilizeB. renovateC.restore D. receiveII. Find a suitable place to insert the words in the box in the sentences below. (10 points)all of a sudden at first glance at the time for the time being in the end on the spurof the moment from the distance on second thoughts presumably potentially without doubtExample:She’ll pass the exam.She’ll pass the exam without doubt.1. It was a terrible shock but I soon got over it.2. It was a terrible journey but we got there.3. I was tempted to dive off the cliff, but I decided it might be a bit dangerous.4. Electricity is dangerous, so treat it very respect.5. He has bought that dress specially for the wedding.6. I hadn’t made any plan; I just decided to go.7. I was driving along the motorway and then the engine just burst into flames.8. It looked like quite a nice restaurant but when I got closer I realized it was just a café – and not very nice either.9. I thought it was going to be quite an easy exam, but in actual fact I found some of the questions very tricky.10. I’ve got a small dictionary which I can use, but I plan to buy a much better one when I start my new course.III. The text below contains a number of grammatical errors. Read the text carefully and underline the mistakes and then correct them. (10 points)A distraught mother has discovered she is bringing up the wrong baby __________ for the past six years. And the couple who adopted her real baby are __________refusing to let her see the boy, said that he must be never told the truth. __________ Now heartbreaking Jodie is taking the case to court in what is set to be __________one of America’s strangest legal battle at the custody of a child. The lawful __________ truth was revealed when Jodie’s marriage began to disintegrating. __________In one of their many rows, husband Walter claimed that he was not the __________ real father of their son. Blood test not only proved him right, but __________also showed that Jodie could not be the real mother. __________Further investigations revealed a tragic mix-up at Griffith Hospital __________where Jodie had given birth to. The hospital’s supposed foolproof __________system of identity bracelets had gone wrong, and somewhere between __________the maternity ward and the nursery two babies switched. Jodie’s real child __________was given to a young mother who had already arranged her baby tobe __________adopted. And the couple who adopted the boy, and named him Melvin, are __________now saying that the young boy’s life would be too badly disrupted if he __________ ever sees Jodie and the truth. __________Meanwhile Jodie has now officially adopted the child she has been looking after __________for six years. But yesterday she vowed: “I’ll fight to the end to get Melvin __________back. I’m entitled to have him – he’s my son.” __________IV. Fill the gaps in the text below with words given. Note there are more words than needed.(10 points)burning flame fire glistering grace groaned glorious heaving imposingpurple quietly silent“But we did not make a start at once. We must see the last of the ship. And so the boats drifted about that night, 1. __________ and setting on the swell. The men dozed, waked, sighed, 2. __________ I looked at the burning ship.” “Between the darkness of earth and heaven she was 3. __________ fiercely upon a disc of 4. __________ sea shot by the blood-red play of gleams; upon a disc of water 5. __________ and sinister. A high, clear 6. __________, an immense and lonely flame, ascended from the ocean, and from its summit the black smoke poured continuously at the sky. She burned furiously; mournful and 7. __________ like a funeral pile kindled in the night, surrounded by the sea, watched over by the stars. A magnificent death had come like a 8. __________, like a gift, like a reward to that old ship at the end of her laborious days. The surrender of her weary ghost to the keeping of stars and sea was stirring like the sight of a 9. __________ triumph. The masts fell just before daybreak, and for a moment there was a burst and turmoil of sparks that seemed to fill with flying fire the night, patient and watchful, the vast night lying 10. __________ upon the sea…”Part II Reading Comprehension (50 points)I. There are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty-five multiple choice questions. Read the passage and then make your choices. (25 points)Passage OneSir Isaac Newton noted in 1672 that a beam of sunlight passed through prism and allowed to fall on a white surface becomes a “rainbow” of varying colors: red at one end, ranging through orange, yellow, green and blue, to violet at the other. This colored strip of pure lights is called a spectrum, the Latin word meaning “apparition.”Sunlight consists of a mixture of light of varying wavelengths that affect our eyes differently, so that we see the components of sunlight as colors. When a beam of light passes into glass at an acute angle, it is bent, or refracted, and if the glass is a triangular prism, the wavelengths are refracted farther in the same direction, and the spectrum appears. Light that appears red is refracted the most.Scientists have found that particular substances, when heated to a white heat, give off only certain colors; when the light from this heated substance is passed through a slit, each color in the light will form an image of the slit at a certain predictable position in the spectrum, leaving the rest of the band black. Sunlight passing through a cool gas will have certain of its colors absorbed – dark images of the slit will then appear against the colored background.By using a spectroscope, an instrument through which one can view a spectrum against a marked scale so that the position of each color line can be located exactly, scientists have learned about the composition of the sun and the star.1. A beam of sunlight becomes a “rainbow” when it __________.A. passes through a pane of glassB. fails on any white surfaceC. asses through a prismD. is composed of pure light2. Sunlight consists of __________.A. a mixture of light of varying wavelengthsB. pure colorC. light waves of equal lengthsD. light waves traveling at varying angles3. The spectrum results from light waves being __________.A. projected in an unvarying patternB. heated by their passage through glassC. refracted at any angleD. refracted by a prism4. Scientists have found that certain substances, when heated, will __________.A. absorb all colorsB. refract all colorsC. give off only certain colorsD. reflect certain colors5. The selection says that scientists have used the spectroscope to study the __________.A. composition of the sun and starsB. nature of light wavesC. behavior of gasesD. posits of the sun and stars Passage TwoFingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. This is because of a growing number of claims from defendants that their “prints” have been “lifted” and planted at scenes of crimes. And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers, judges and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting. The investigation has been ordered by Justice, the prestigious legal organization, and a report is due early next year. Last night a spokesman for Justice said: “There are an increasing number of cases where people are claiming their prints have been transferred and put in incrimination objects. We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. Some of Britain’s top criminal lawyers are worried about this increasing number of claims.How can a fingerprint be transferred? A finger mark left on a greasy glass or some other smooth surface can be “lifted” with a strip of adhesive. It can then be deposited on another, perhaps incriminating, object. Accusations about “planted prints” were first put up at an Old Bailey IRA bomb trial nine years ago – without success. Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be dusted down with fine powder, photographed for identification purposes, then the pictures and the objectscarrying the prints were produced in court.However, since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to “lift” a print which is then produced in court as evidence. Before 1973 the object on which the prints were found – a bottle, dagger or a gun – used to be shown in court as well. This is no longer necessary. As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have been “lifted” and planted elsewhere. There have been two successful claims in the United States, though this line of defense has failed in Britain.According to the ex-chief of Scotland Yard’s fingerprint department, Mr. Harold Squires, who is now an independent defense witness: “More than 55% of the cases I now get are making these claims. But so far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence that proves the allegation to be true. Petty crooks are always accusing the police of lifting their prints and planting them at the scene of a crime.” According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object “requires great skill and trouble.” He added: “It’s almost impossible but it can be done. It can usually be easily detected by someone like me, but there is a chance that even I may not be able to tell.”6. Fingerprints have been traditionally regarded as __________.A. the only proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guiltB. no proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guiltC. one of many proofs of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guiltD. a key proof of a suspected criminal’s innocence or guilt7. The investigation into fingerprints is __________.A. to prove that policemen have been behaving dishonestlyB. to establish the truth of the allegationsC. part of a wider investigation.D. to allay the fears of some top criminal lawyers.8. The text suggests that __________.A. some of the allegations against fingerprinting are justifiedB. transferring fingerprints is a very delicate operationC. transferring fingerprints is too much trouble for most policemenD. it is likely that some policemen transfer fingerprints9. We learn from Paragraph 4 that since 1973, __________.A. fingerprints at the scene of a crime have been dusted down with fine powder and photographedB. it has been necessary to produce in court the objects on which the prints were foundC. there have been successful claims against police fingerprinting methods in the United States and Great BritainD. police fingerprinting methods have been simplified10. Mr. Squires seems most concerned that __________.A. the number of suspected criminals accusing the police of transferring their fingerprintsB. the increasing number of small time criminalsC. the dishonesty of the policeD. the unreliability of the new fingerprinting methodsPassage ThreeIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can bestarved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such drastic deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient). At twelve weeks a baby smile and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather in grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern “teddy – bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways. But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child’s babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal curs is essential to the growth and development of language.11. Frederick II’s experiment was drastic because __________.A. he wanted to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB. he ignored the importance of mothering to the infantC. he was unkind to the nursesD. he wanted to see if the children would die before they reached the age of one12. The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that __________.A. they do not listen carefully to their mothersB. their brains have to absorb too much language at onceC. their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speakD. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them.13. By “critical times” the author means __________.A. difficult periods in the child’s lifeB. moments when the child becomes critical towards its motherC. important stages in the child’s developmentD. times when mothers often neglect their children14. Which of the following is not implied in the message? __________A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B. Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.C. The child’s brain is highly selective.D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.15. If the mother does not respond to her child’s signals __________.A. the child will never be able to speak properlyB. the child will stop giving out signalsC. the child will invent a language of his ownD. the child will make little effort to speakPassage FourIn face of the numbers of people who war suffering anxiety attacks over AIDS, global warming, ozone sharp decline, and the proliferation of chemical weapons, you have a disturbingly large population easily influenced by the madness aroused with the arrival of the period of the second thousand years.Even supposedly sober observes are taking positions in the millenarian parade. Novelist, poet, and science writer Brad Leithauser is convinced the second millennium is going to bring a “psychological shift” that will “literally redefine what it means to be a human being.” Leithauser believes that global weather patterns will undergo random, even chaotic, changes produced by the dreaded greenhouse effect. In his novel Hence set around 2000, Leithauser visualizes religious leaders seizing on the resultant disturbances – flooded cities, soaring cancer rates, and what have you – and taking them “as a sign that the end is near.”At the same time, Leithauser thinks, a combination of high-speed living and runaway technology will serve further to alienate people from themselves. He predicts that invasive media will bring an inescapable large number of stimuli. In this atmosphere of “ever-shortening collective memory,” books will become pass. Indeed, any form of reflective solitude will become “quietly sinful,” says a character in Leithauser’s novel, and seeking it out will require “almost an act of social defiance.” Economic expert Ravi Bartra is equally convinced that by the dawn of the second millennium people will have undergone a thorough spiritual and economic transformation. He warns that the voices of the rich will soon superheat the global economy to the point of explosion and collapse, in the wake of which “society will border on chaos. There will be a polarization of society into two classes – the haves and the have-nots – and there will be a lot of crime and street demonstrations” as the angry have-nots make strong claim for food, shelter, and social justice. But Batra, unlike Leithauser, sees the coming bimillennial breakdown as a sort of getting rid of sin by fire on the way to a better world. From the ashes of economic and social collapse, he says, will rise a “higher consciousness” – a climate in which pornography, selfishness, and extreme concentration of wealth are reproached and society becomes “more concerned with the handicapped and the weaker.” On the job, he foresees “far more democratic large factories, where employees not only sit on boards of directors but actually run companies.” Meanwhile, discipline will capture the home-and-family front, with “children obeying their parents more, and more family stability, fewer divorces.”16. The first two paragraphs say that, faced with the various problems, people are likely to become crazy about __________.A. the turn of the millenniumB. global warming and ozone depletionC. disturbingly large populationD. the psychological shift17. In the third paragraph, who think(s) those disturbances to be a sign of the impending end? __________A. Pessimistic meteorologistsB. You – the readerC. Religious readersD. Leithauser18. In paragraph 4, line 4, the word “pass” in this context means __________.A. essentialB. availableC. passableD. obsolete19. In the eyes of Ravi Batra, the world of the second millennium would be one of __________.A. tragedyB. disorderC. economic explosionD. wealth concentration20. Ravi Batra is different in attitude toward the arrival of the second millennium from Brad Leithauser in that __________.A. Leithauser is more positiveB. Batra is more optimisticC. the former thinks more of the breakdownD. the latter tends to look at the bright side of thingsPassage FiveThe Planning Commission asserts that the needed reduction in acute hospital beds can best be accomplished by closing the smaller hospitals, mainly voluntary and proprietary. This strategy follows from the argument that closing entire institutions saves more money than closing the equivalent number of beds scattered throughout the health system.The issue is not that simple. Larger hospitals generally are designed to provide more complex care. Routine care at large hospitals costs more than the same care given at smaller hospitals. Therefore, closure of all the small hospitals would commit the city to paying considerably more for impatient care delivered at acute care hospitals than would be the case with a mixture of large and small institutions. Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by a comparable amount. Such a reimbursement rate adjustment might make the charges for each individual case more accurately reflect the actual costs, but there would be not reduction in the total costs.There is some evidence that giant hospitals are not the most efficient. Service organizations – and medical care remains largely a service industry – frequently find that savings of scale have an upper limit. Similarly, the quality of routine care in the very largest hospitals appears to be less than optimum. Also, the concentration of all hospital beds in a few locations may effect the access to care.Thus, simply closing the smaller hospitals will not necessarily save money or improve the quality of care.Since the fact that there are too many acute care hospital beds in the city, the problem is to devise a proper strategy for selecting and urging the closure of the excess beds, however many it may turn out to be.The closing of whole buildings within large medical centers had many of the cost advantages of closing the whole of small institutions, because the fixed costs can also be reduced in such cases. Unfortunately, many of the separate buildings at medical centers are special use facilities, therelocation of which is extremely costly. Still, a search should be made for such opportunities.The current lack of adequate ambulatory care facilities raises another possibility. Some floors or other large compact areas of hospitals could be transferred from impatient to ambulatory uses. Reimbursement of ambulatory service is chaotic, but the problem is being addressed. The overhead associated with the entire hospital should not be charged even pro rata to the ambulatory facilities. Even if it were, the total cost would probably be less than that of building a new facility. Many other issues would also need study, especially the potential over-centralization of ambulatory services.The Planning Commission language seems to imply that one reason for closing smaller hospitals is that they are “mainly voluntary and proprietary,” thus, preserving the public hospital system by making the rest of the hospital system for many reasons, but the issue should be faced directly and not hidden behind arguments about hospital size if indeed that was the meaning.21. The best title for the passage would be __________.A. Maintaining Adequate Hospital FacilitiesB. Defending the Public HospitalsC. Protecting the Proprietary and Voluntary HospitalsD. Economic Efficiency in Hospital Bed Closing22. The Planning Commission is accused by the author of being __________.A. unfairB. foolishC. shortsightedD. ignorant23. The author’s purpose in discussing ambulatory care is to __________.A. discuss alternatives to closing hospital bedsB. present a method of reducing the fiscal disadvantages of closing only parts of larger hospitalsC. help preserve the public hospital systemD. attack the inefficient use of space on larger hospitals24. With which of the following is the author least likely to agree? __________A. A proposal to save costs in prison system by building only very large prison complexes.B. A plan to stop the closing of any beds whatsoever in the city, until the costs of various alternatives can be fully considered.C. A proposal by an architecture firm that new hospital buildings have centralized record systems.D. A mayoral commission being formed to study the plight of the elderly.25. How does the author feel that his suggestions for closing impatient beds could impact on the ambulatory care system? __________A. Ambulatory care costs will probably be reduced.B. A reduction of hospital beds will increase the demand for ambulatory services.C. Smaller hospitals will have to cut back ambulatory services to stay fiscally viable.D. The use as ambulatory facilities of the space made available in large hospitals by bed closings might result in having too many ambulatory services based in large hospitals.II. Read the following passage and then answer the questions following it. (25 points)(1) Humor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and gay feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost。
东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题
东北师范大学2006年英语专业研究生入学考试英语专业基础试题Part One: Linguistics (50’)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5’)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important.2. [∫] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which are named contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5’)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10’)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10’)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20’)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguisticsmakes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60’)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20’)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the following questions briefly. (20’)1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism inAmerican literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20’)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustratedand how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, oron the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the firstsentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15’)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6’)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administerthe law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland andVirginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in theBritish Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in theUnited States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back theWelsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3’)III. A nalyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3’)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet.(3’)Part Four: Translation (25’)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10’)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
[考研类试卷]2014年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2014年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2014年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 vulnerability2 biotic community3 productive power4 exchange rate5 deport6 letter of credit7 herd capacity8 arthritis9 arbitration clause10 chronic disease11 equality and mutual benefit12 feast day13 drug trafficking14 Honduras15 ASEAN汉译英16 版图17 汇款(额)18 优化19 领事裁判权20 阁下21 无息贷款22 裁军23 政治大国24 可行性25 耐受力26 维修和置换27 生殖性克隆28 国情29 腐败30 弱势群体英译汉31 Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) is one of the best known and most influential American novelist and short-story writers. In all his life, Hemingway was fascinated by war—in World War I, he worked for the Red Cross on the Italian Front, in the Spanish Civil War and World War II, he served as a war reporter. His experiences and observations provided him with materials and backgrounds for many of his best works, in which he concerned himself with man's courage in facing strong physical forces."Grace under pressure "was Hemingway's definition of courage. In his view, life is painful and complex. The only way to survive is to face what comes with honor, dignity,strength, knowledge and endurance. Hemingway's overall message, as established in The Old Man and the Sea (1952), his nearly flawless short novel which gained him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in 1954, is that although life is a lonely, losing battle, it is a struggle that a man can dominate in such a way that his loss has dignity and is itself a victory.32 There is relatively little literature available on the impacts of extreme climate events on livestock. Nevertheless, storms, blizzards and droughts are an important concern for livestock operations. In addition to the direct effects on animals, storms may result in power outages that can devastate farms that are heavily dependent upon electricity for daily operations. This was exemplified by the 1998 ice storm in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec, when the lack of power left many dairy farmsunable to use their milking machines. This threatened the health of the cows (due to potential mastitis) and caused significant revenue losses. Milk revenue was also lost through the inability to store the milk at the proper temperature. Furthermore, the lack of electricity made it difficult to provide adequate barn ventilation and heating, thereby making the animals more susceptible to illness.(From Impact of Climatic Changes)33 As elsewhere, Castrol has adopted a premium pricing strategy in Vietnam, which is consistent with the company's attempt to build a global brand image of high quality. Castrol oil costs about US $1.5 per liter in Vietnam, about three times as much as the price of cheaper oil imported from Taiwan and Thailand. Despite the high price of its product, Castrol claims it is gaining share in Vietnam as its branding strategy wins converts. Castrol has had to tailor its distribution strategy to Vietnam's unique conditions. In most countries where it operates, Castrol divides the country into regions and has a single distributor in each region. (From Case study: Castrol Oil in Vietnam) 汉译英34 辽宁省位于中国东北地区南部，东临朝鲜。
2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案
2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案2022年东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》考研全套内容简介•东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）•全国名校英语语言学考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，并提供了答案及详解。
其中，部分考研真题提供了视频讲解，从考查知识点、试题难度、相关考点等方面进行全方位的讲解。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1. Ch o m s ky p ro po se s th at th e co u r se o f l an gu age a cquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate查看答案【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communicati o n(e.g. to e x pre ss i de as, at ti tu de s) o r i n parti cu l a r social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Fun ctio n查看答案【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3. Hum an langu age is arbi trary. Thi s re fe rs to the f actth at th e re i s no l o gi cal o r i n tri n si c con ne cti on be tween a particul ar so un d an d the _____i t i s asso ci ate d wi t h.（人大2007研）【答案】me aning查看答案【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
东师2022考研英语教学法真题
东师2022考研英语教学法真题【第一部分:单项填空】1. However, some actors _____ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. [单选题] *A.astonishedB. astonishingC. astonish(正确答案)D. is astonished2. He was a _____ figure in the French film industry. [单选题] *A. dominantlyB. dominant(正确答案)C. dominanceD. dominants3. The morning after your arrival, you meet with the _____ physician for a private consultation. [单选题] *A. residentsB. resident(正确答案)C. residenceD. residences4._____a reply, he decided to write again. [单选题] *A. Not receivingB. ReceivingC. Not having received(正确答案)D. Having not received5.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful. [单选题] *A. having plantedB. planted(正确答案)C. have been plantedD. to be planted6. I have bought two ball-pens, _______ writes well. [单选题] *A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of which(正确答案)D. none of which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. [单选题] *A.where(正确答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. [单选题] *A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom(正确答案)9.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. [单选题] *A. why; that(正确答案)B.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what10. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? [单选题] *A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where(正确答案)11. They are not very good, but we like_______. [单选题] *A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anyway(正确答案)C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway12. He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information. [单选题] *A. hopedB hoping(正确答案)C. to hopeD. hope13._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. [单选题] *A. Being roundedB it was foundedC. Founded(正确答案)D. Founding14.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. [单选题] *A. Missing, playing(正确答案)B. missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to play15. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party. [单选题] *A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD not having been invited(正确答案)【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green spacegained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind__71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take__80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.16. [单选题] *A) findings(正确答案)B) thesesC) hypothesesD) abstracts17. [单选题] *A) adaptB) attribute(正确答案)C) allocateD) alternate18. [单选题] *A) amongstB) alongC) besideD) with(正确答案)19. [单选题] *A) gluedB) related(正确答案)C) trackedD) appointed20. [单选题] *A) scrapingB) denyingC) depressingD) shrinking(正确答案)21. [单选题] *A) published(正确答案)B) simulatedC) illuminatedD) circulated22. [单选题] *A)atB)to(正确答案)C)forD)over23. [单选题] *A) fullyB) simply(正确答案)C) seriouslyD) uniquely24. [单选题] *A)vital(正确答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25. [单选题] *A) stillB) alreadyC) too(正确答案)D) yet26. [单选题] *A) benefits(正确答案)B) profitsC) revenuesD) awards27. [单选题] *A) outwardB) apartC) asideD) outside(正确答案)28. [单选题] *A) ImmunityB) ReactionC) Exposure(正确答案)D) Addiction29. [单选题] *A)muchB)less(正确答案)C)moreD)little30. [单选题] *A) installmentB) expeditionC) analysis(正确答案)D) option31. [单选题] *A) curiouslyB) negativelyC) necessarily(正确答案)D) comfortably32. [单选题] *A) relievedB) delegatedC) approved(正确答案)D) performed33. [单选题] *A)merelyB)always(正确答案)C)mainlyD)almost34. [单选题] *A) advantage(正确答案)B) exceptionC) measureD) charge35. [单选题] *A) elevatedB) mercifulC) contentedD) grateful(正确答案)【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einsteinemerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,”Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”36. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? [单选题] *[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(正确答案)37. What was critical to Einstein’s success? [单选题] *[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.(正确答案)[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.38. What does the author tell us about physicists today? [单选题] *[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(正确答案)39. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? [单选题] *[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(正确答案)40. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. [单选题] *[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles(正确答案)[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poorcountries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discoveredthat illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? Wehave to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be ableto escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity forthe foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.41. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor [单选题] * countries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.(正确答案)42. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system [单选题] *[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.(正确答案)[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.43. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that [单选题] *[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.(正确答案)[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.44. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged [单选题] *[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.(正确答案)[D] as a result of pressure on government.45. According to the last paragraph, development of education [单选题] *[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.(正确答案)[D] cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations oforganisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plantsand their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.46.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1? [单选题] *[A]It excludes interactions between more than two species.[B]It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.[C]Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.(正确答案)[D]Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.47.According to paragraph 2. which of the following is true of the action of natural selection on hosts and parasites? [单选题] *[A]Hosts benefit more from natural selection than parasites do.[B]Both aggression in predators and defensive capacities in hosts are favored for species survival.(正确答案)[C]The ability to make toxic chemicals enables a parasite to find and isolate its host.[D]Larger size equips a parasite to prey on smaller host organisms.48.Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about theAustralian rabbit population? [单选题] *[A]Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite. and the relationship between them.(正确答案)[B]The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.[C]Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.[D]Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.49.According to paragraph 3, all of the following characterize the way natural selectionstabilized the Australian rabbit population EXCEPT: [单选题] *[A]The most toxic viruses died with their hosts.[B]The surviving rabbits were increasingly immune to the virus.[C]The decline of the mosquito population caused the spread of the virus to decline.(正确答案)[D]Rabbits with specific genetic make-ups were favored.50.According to paragraph 5. which of the following is NOT true of the relationshipbetween the bull's horn acacia tree and the Pseudomyrmex ants? [单选题] *[A]Ants defend the host trees against the predatory actions of insects and animals.[B]The acacia trees are a valuable source of nutrition for the ants.[C]The ants enable the acacia tree to produce its own chemical defenses.(正确答案)[D]The ants protect the acacia from having to compete with surrounding vegetation.。
[考研类试卷]2016年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2016年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 international reserve currencies2 contaminate3 orphanage4 multilateral cooperation5 external-affairs commissioner6 terrorist attack7 open ports to foreign trade8 vehicle exhaust9 live TV broadcast10 insurance policy11 put oneself in someone's shoes12 jeopardize13 intercultural communication14 foreign exchange dealing15 APEC汉译英16 友好合作的伙伴关系17 和平共处18 全民奥运19 不平等条约20 小康社会21 全球化22 感恩节23 农历24 紧急出口25 关税26 财政部27 通货膨胀28 防御性策略29 国债30 欧洲联盟英译汉31 The manufacture of plastics requires a large quantity of heavy machines as well as knowledge of science. T oday the greater part of plastics is manufactured by the world's great oil refineries and chemical works. Chemical works are factories which produce chemicals—a manmade liquids, gases and solid materials. The refineries and chemical works produce many different kinds of raw plastics, which are then taken to the tens of thousands of factories which made plastic products.Machines for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials. For raw plastics mustfirst be softened by heat and then pressed into moulds. It is the moulds which give plastic objects their shapes. These moulds can be of any shape or size. And the same mould can be used over and over again. In fact one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out. This is one of the reasons why plastic things are so cheap.32 There is a difference between knowledge and wisdom, but without the one the other cannot be gained. We cannot have a harvest of wheat without seed and skill of cultivation. Knowledge is the root of wisdom; wisdom is the ripe fruit of knowledge. The love of knowledge has been characteristic of most great men. They not only loved knowledge but they were willing to work hard to attain it. When a man wins success, people say, "He is a genius." But the real cause for his success was that the love ofknowledge led to the effort to obtain it. Useful knowledge is the knowledge which is of benefit to ourselves and to others, and that is the most important which is the most useful. It is the belief of many people that knowledge is better than riches, and that its possession brings more comfort to the owner than anything else. The power of intellectual knowledge, without the owner of moral principle, often tends to evil. Character is the criterion of knowledge. Not what a man has, but what he is, is the question. The quality of soul is more than the quantity of information. If we have noble purpose, our intellectual attainments will naturally turn to the loftiest uses. (From On Knowledge by W. F. Mark-wick and W. A. Smith)33 The mighty Pacific washes the shores of the continents—North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean. It is not on the shores of continents or in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky.When white men first came to the Pacific islands, they found that the people living there were like happy children. They were tall men and beautiful women who seemed not to have a care in the world. Coconut palms and breadfruit trees grew at the doors of their huts. The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net. (From Pacific Ocean) 汉译英34 国与国之间的交往，特别是经贸互动，既存在着合作，又存在着竞争。
东北师范大学“英语”《英美文学》23秋期末试题库含答案
东北师范大学“英语”《英美文学》23秋期末试题库含答案第1卷一.综合考核(共20题)1.The most striking similarities between Milton and Samson Agonistes are their blindness and unhappy marriage.()A.正确B.错误2.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope's ____.A.“The Dunciad”B.“An Essay on Man”C.“An Essay on Criticism”D.“The Rape of the lock”3.G.B.Shaw's play Mrs.Warren's Profession is a realistic exposure of the ____ in the English society.A.slum landlordismB.inequality between men and womenC.political corruptionD.economic exploitation of women4.Black Humor is defined as modern humor caused by anger.()A.错误B.正确5.“My last Duchess” is a poem that best mplifies Robert Browning's ____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue6.“This grew: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped altogether.” (Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”) The above lines imply that ____.A.the Duchess was killed by her husbandB.the Duchess stopped smiling at her husbands orderC.the Duchess died of laughing too muchD.the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested7.____ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style. that American Litera ture ever produced”.A.Washington IrvingB.Walt WhitmanC.Henry David ThoreauD.Edgar Ellen Poe8.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century. French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ____.A.vernacularismB.naturalismC.modernismD.local colorism9.Most of ____ works are set in the American South, with emphasis on the southern subjects and consciousness.A.Hemingway'sB.Fitzgerald'sC.Faulkner's10.The main technique applied to the novel Ulysses by Joyce is symbolism.()A.正确B.错误11.Irvings Rip Van Winkle is famous for ____.A.Rips seeking for happinessB.Rips escape into the mountainC.Rips 20 year sleep12.Marlowe mainly wrote tragedies.()A.错误B.正确13.Backbite，Sneerwell，and Lady Teazle are characters in the play the School for Scandal by ____.A.Christopher MarloweB.Ben JonsonC.Richard Brinsley SheridanD.George Bernard Shaw14.____ believes that mans fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”, both inside and outside.A.Thomas HardyB.George EliotC.Charles DickensD.Bernard Shaw15.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room...”Dickens, Oliver Twist What did Oliver ask for?____A.More time to playB.More food to eatC.More book to readD.More money to spend16.Black humor refers to the use of the morbid and the absurd for darkly ____ purposes.A.tragicB.entertainingic17.In Hardy's Tess of D'urbervilles, the heroines tragic ending is due to ____.A.her weak characterB.her ambitionC.Angel Clares selfishnessD.a hostile society18.____ first collection of short stories is Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque.A.PoesB.IrvingsC.Coopers19.John Bunyan's pilgrim's progress is often regarded as a typical example of ____.A.romanceB.fableC.epic in proseD.allegory20.Mr.Bennet's favorite daughter is Jane.()A.正确B.错误第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：D3.参考答案：D4.参考答案：B5.参考答案：D6.参考答案：A7.参考答案：A8.参考答案：B9.参考答案：C10.参考答案：B11.参考答案：C12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：C14.参考答案：A15.参考答案：B16.参考答案：C17.参考答案：D18.参考答案：A19.参考答案：D20.参考答案：B。
东北师范大学英语考研复试语言学真题
东北师范大学英语考研复试语言学真题2013年外国语言学及应用语言学复试题满分100分一填空（10题，一道2分，共20分）（有的题是大概的意思）1. I eated too much. according to error analysis, it belongs to ____.2. Speech Act Theory was proposed by_____.3. The _____ School studied the system of language and the function of language.4. ____ refers to the same words which have many meanings.5. Interlanguage contains field, mode and ___6. There are 3 classes of theory towards SLA ______,environmentalist and functionalist.7. Referential meaning also called ____meaning8. The semantic feature of these words "pine,elm,willow,birch,polar" is _____9.Such words as " pot, oven, knife,ladle,napkin"not belong toa prototype of category which is ____10. "waistcoat"is from British English while its American English is _____.二term （4题，一道5分，共20分）11.parole 12. entailment 13. conventional meaning 14. conversational implicature三paraphrase （3题，一道5分，共15分）15. The chicken is too hot to eat16. Flying planes can be dangerous17. I saw him on the bus四写出下列句子的Presupposition（5题，一道3分，共15分）18. Did their team win his year's African Cup finals?19.Their team win this year's African Cup finals.20.Mary didn't see the horse with two head.21. Ambraham Lincoln was assassinated in 1865.22. Would you please try it again?五大题（一道10分，共30分）1. Write two dialogues about preference structure,and give explanation and illustrate it2.How to understand the sentence “ In successful communication, what is actually said is only the tip of iceberg.”3. the factors of SLA以上是专业复试笔试，下面我来介绍下法语面试和专业面试的准备：关于法语面试：（3-5分钟左右吧）首先：一定要准备自我介绍，记住，自我介绍的内容无需太过繁琐，可说你的姓名，毕业于或将要毕业于哪所学校，我的兴趣是。
东北师范大学22春“英语”《英语语言学》期末考试高频考点版(带答案)试卷号1
东北师范大学22春“英语”《英语语言学》期末考试高频考点版（带答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.The sense relation between flour and flower is polysemy.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B2.The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A3.The majority of English prefixes change the part of speech when added to free morpheme or word.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A4.The word “multinationality” has 2 morphemes.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B5.______ is a minimal pair.C、she/sheetD、sea/sea参考答案：A6.Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position are called minimal pairs.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A7.infotech (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A.ConversionB.BackformationC.Blendingpounding参考答案：C8.Arbitrariness is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B9.Functional linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：ASmog is a blended word.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A11.continuant specifies all the fricatives.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B12.A social dialect is a variety of a language spoken by people living in an area.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A13.Smog is a blended word.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B14.I like to have (brunch) quite often. (为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法)A.ConversionB.BackformationC.Blendingpounding参考答案：C_________ refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.A、ApproachB、CategorizationC、PrototypeD、Cognition参考答案：B16.sonorant is only shared by all the vowels.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A17.The process that puts an existing word of one class into another class is ______.A、ConversionB、AbbreviationC、EponymsD、Blending参考答案：A18.There are two types of language in the world: natural language and artificial language.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B19.Blending is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words. A well-known example is smog (smoke and fog).()A.错误B.正确20.English is not an example of SVO languages.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B21.tick- tuck (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A、Sound ReduplicationB、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：A22.[u:] possesses the features [+high][+back][+round][-tense].()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B23.The term variety is the label given to the of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A24.Dog and cat are subordinates of livestock.()A、正确参考答案：A25.____ refers to the vibrating of the vocal cords when sounds produced.A.VoicingB.voicedC.nasalizationD.aspiration参考答案：A26.Orlon (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A.Sound ReduplicationB.CoinageC.EponymD.Clipping参考答案：B27.The structural syllabus takes the sentence as the basic teaching unit.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B28.________ refers to a specific-general semantic relationship between lexical items. Dog and cat are subordinates of livestock.A、MeronymyB、HyponymyC、PolysemyD、Antonymy参考答案：B29.refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.A.ApproachB.CategorizationC.PrototypeD.Cognition参考答案：B30.Phonetics is the study of sound systems and patterns.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A31.The total number of words stored in the brain is called the lexicon.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B32.The distinction between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is whether it can be used independently in speech or writing.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A33.The term ____ is used for less drastic difference restricted to variation in pronunciation.A.sociolectB.dialectC.geographical dialect参考答案：D34.Cultural transmission is one of the features of human language.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B35.A green bottle is a kind of fly.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A36.In two-word stage, children use single words to represent various meanings.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B37.(Orlon )is a kind of new cloth material. (为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法)A、Sound ReduplicationB、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：B38.The relationship between speech sounds and the meanings they present in the languages of the world is not arbitrary.()参考答案：A39.Conversion is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B40.Traditional grammar was initially based on European languages, particularly on Latin and Greek.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A41.The textual function is realized by the transitivity system of language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B42.There are two types of language in the world natural language and artificial language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A43.____ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A.DualityD.Displacement参考答案：C44.Duality is one of the features of language.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B45.The word “multinationality” has 2 morphemes.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A46.Children all undergo babbling, holophrastic, two-word, and the telegraphic speech stages of language development.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A47.____ exists in the Quebec Province, Canada.A.PidginB.MultilingualismC.CreoleD.Bilingualism参考答案：D书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她for language use.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B49.Interpersonal function does not belong to the language metafunctions illustrated by M.A.K.Halliday.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A50.A number of pisions of linguistics can be put into two categories: intra-disciplinary pisions and inter-disciplinary pisions.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B。
东北师范大学成人学位英语考试真题
东北师范大学成人学位英语考试真题Northeast Normal University Adult Degree English ExaminationPart I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l.Passage 1In the U.S., people can now work into their 70s and 80s without being considered old. It has now become uncommon to retire at the traditional age of 65. This change is mainly due to economic reasons. Pensions are shrinking, and social security payments are not enough to live on. More and more people are staying in the workforce longer, including former CEO's like Warren Buffet and Rupert Murdoch.1) According to the passage, why are more people working into their 70s and 80s in the U.S.?A) They enjoy their work and don't want to retire.B) They can't afford to live on their pensions.C) They want to continue to climb the corporate ladder.D) They don't trust the social security system.2) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for people working into their 70s and 80s in the passage?A) Shrinking pensionsB) Economic reasonsC) The desire to stay active and healthyD) Insufficient social security payments3) Who are mentioned as examples of people who are working into their 70s and 80s?A) Retired teachersB) Former athletesC) Former CEO'sD) Artists and musicians4) What is the traditional retirement age in the U.S.?A) 55B) 60C) 65D) 705) What is the main idea of the passage?A) How to enjoy retirementB) The benefits of social securityC) Changes in retirement habits in the U.S.D) The potential dangers of working into old agePart II Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are a total of 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l.PASSAGE 1All of us have read or heard a sad story about endangered animals. These animals are threatened for many reasons. One of the most common reasons is the loss of 1). The destruction of forests and wetlands for agriculture is one of the main causes of this loss. Another 2) cause of species extinction is hunting and poaching. Many animals are killed or captured for their fur, meat,organs, or other body parts. Some animals are also targeted by trophy hunters who want to kill them for sport. As a result, these animals face a 3) risk of being wiped out completely.1) A) home B) nature C) space D) environment2) A) important B) significant C) major D) poor3) A) true B) real C) actual D) seriousPart III Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write your translation on Answer Sheet II.1) 艺术家们通过自己的作品传递着他们的内心情感。
东北师范大学英语学习理论试题及答案
研究生课程进修班试卷封面姓名：单位：河南省周口市许湾中学专业：英语考试科目：英语学习理论考试分数：2013年 3 月 4 日东北师范大学研究生课程进修班考试试卷评分表英语学习理论考试卷ⅠMultiple Choice (30%)Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.1.___A___2.____C__3.__B____4._D_____5._A_____6.__C____7.__B____8._A_____9.___D___ 10.___B___ 11._B_____ 12.__B____ 13._B_____ 14.__C____ 15.__C____1. Which of the following can be considered output of language?A. writingB. readingC. listeningD. understanding2. Acquisition generally meansA. the learning of a foreign language.B. the learning of rules consciously.C. a subconscious process of picking up language.D. a conscious process of picking up language.3. “His first language was Chinese.” What meaning does the statement convey?A. His first language is still Chinese now.B. He doesn’t use Chinese as the first language now.C. Chinese is a foreign language now.D. Chinese is his second language.4. Bilingualism meansA. the mother tongue is stronger than the second language.B. one language is stronger than the other.C. the speaker has two mother tongues in contradiction.D. the speaker speaks two languages proficiently.5. The literature on learning strategies in second language acquisition emerged fromA. a concern for identifying the characteristics of effective learners.B. a concern for identifying the characteristics of weak learners.C. a concern for identifying learner errors.D. a concern for identifying learner mistakes.6. The focus of Behavioristic view of learning isA. the cognitive theoryB. the functionalist theoryC. stimulus-response theoryD. the structuralist theory7. Early representatives carrying on research on learning s trategies do NOT includeA. RubinB. ChomskyC. NaimanD. Wong Fillmore8. Reflective learners tend to be more ________ about the ________ of theirperformance and more capable of sustained attention.A. concerned … quantityB. unaware … qualityC. doubtful … quantityD. anxious … quality9. What areas of SLA have been generally investigated?A. characteristics of learner languageB. learner external and internal mechanismsC. the language learnerD. all of the above10. Language transfer is generally understood as:A. impediments to second language acquisition.B. differences between the two languages in contact that interfere with learningC. patterns of the first language that are similar to the language being acquiredD. evidence that various aspects of the first language would be carried over to the L211. Errors reflectA. pressure and fatigueB. gaps in a learner’s knowledgeC. occasional lapses in performanceD. positive L1 transfer12. Metacognitive strategies involveA. direct manipulation of the learning materials.B. thinking about the learning process and monitoring of comprehension.C. note-taking.D. repetation.13. Tolerance of ambiguity concerns the degree to whichA. learners are cognitively unwilling to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contraryto their own belief system or structure of language.B. learners are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contrary totheir own belief system or structure of language.C. learners are willing to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.D. learners are unwilling to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.14. Denotation refers toA. the implicated meaning of a word.B. the associations or social values suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.C. the reference of a word to an object, action, or event in the physical world.D. attitudes and emotions of a language user in choosing a word15. “C hinese was my first language, but it is now rather rusty.” What does the statementimply?A. Chinese is stronger now.B. Chinese is still my first lanuage.C. Chinese is not the stronger language now.D. Chinese is later acquired.ⅡTrue or False Statements (20%)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for Trueand F for False.1. _T____2. __T___3. _F____4. _F____5. __F___6. __T__7. _F____8. __F___9. __F___ 10. __T___-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.Mistakes are occasional lapses in performance.2.Function planning refers to paying attention to specific aspects of a task.3.Field-independent learners tend to look at the whole of a learning task which contains manyitems.4.An impulsive learner is a person who tends to weigh all the considerations of the problem,work out all the loopholes, then makes more calculated decision.5.Metacognitive strategies are techniques about learning rather than learning strategiesthemselves.6.Age, intelligence and personality are all factors affecting language learning strategies.7.Syntactic knowledge and morphological knowledge are schematic know- ledge.8.Scanning is used to get a global impression of the content of a text.9.People with low tolerance of ambiguity can usually become successful language learners.10.Contextualization means placing a word or phrase in a meaningful language sequence.ⅢCloze (20%)Fill in the blanks with suitable words.1.Singular-plural2.form3._choice_4.tense5._Omit_6.Add_7._ order8.Incomplete9.Spelling10._Punctuation11.Capitalization 12.Article13._ Meaning 14.Run-on_15._absence_16.well-formed17._presence18._Misformations19.wrong_20._placement(2) Surface strategy taxonomy of errorsⅣTerms (20%)Explain the following terms. You may use examples where necessary.Language Learning StrategiesLanguage Learning Strategies are the conscious thoughts and behaviors used by learners with the explicit goal of improving their knowledge and understanding of a target language. They include strategies for identifying the material that needs to be learned, distinguishing it from other material if need be, grouping it for easier learning, having repeated contact with the material, and formally committing the material to memory when it does not seem to be acquired naturally. That is, they are cognitive strategies for memorizing and manipulating target language structures, metacognitive strategies for gauging their emotional reactions to learning and lower anxieties, and social strategies for enhancing learning.Tolerance of ambiguityTolerance of ambiguity allows a person to reconcile and accommodate ideas that may be contradictory or information that may be inconsistent. A person who is Tolerance of ambiguity does not see everything in terms of black and white and does not put information in airtight compartments. Such a person is willing to accept the fact that there are many shades of gray and that uncertainty and inconsistency must be accommodated. Tolerance of ambiguity has been noted as an asset in learning a foreign language because there are so many inconsistencies in language rules that even native speakers cannot always agree on correct usage and linguists cannot explain certain language phenomena. Also, whether a turn of speech is right or wrong may depend on the situation rather than on an ironclad rule.Denotation vs. ConnotationBoth denotation and connotation refer to the meanings of words. Denotation is the literal meaning of a word —what you find in a dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the implied meaning of a word — what a word suggests to you, or what it makes you feel or think of. For the word “die”, for example, the denotation is “stop living”. But in the se ntence “Some die at 30 but are not buried until they’re 70”, the word “die” connotes “stop living spiritually” or “stop growing intellectually”.Acquisition vs. LearningThe term 'acquisition' is used to refer to picking up a second language through expos ure, whereas the term 'learning' is used to refer to the conscious study of a second language. However, I shall use 'acquisition' and 'learning' interchangeably, irrespective of whether conscious or subconscious processes are involved.To summarize, the term 'second language acquisition' refers to the subconscious or conscious processes by which a language other than the mother tongue is learned in a natural or a tutored setting. It covers the development of phonology, lexis, grammar, and pragmatic knowledge, but has been largely confined to morphosyntax. The process manifests both variable and invariable features. The study of SLA is directed at accounting for the learner's competence, but in order to do so has set out to investigate empirically how a learner performs when he or she uses a second language.ⅤQuestion (10%)Answer the following question in your own words.What is a “think aloud” and how is it used in strategy modeling? Supply examples from your own experiences.It asks students to say out loud what they are thinking about when reading, solving math problems, or simply responding to questions posed by teachers or other students. Effective teachers think out loud on a regular basis to model this process for students. In this way, they demonstrate practical ways of approaching difficult problems while bringing to the surface the complex thinking processes that underlie reading comprehension, mathematical problem solving, and other cognitively demanding tasks.Thinking out loud is an excellent way to teach how to estimate the number of pe ople in a crowd, revise a paper for a specific audience, predict the outcome of a scientific experiment, use a key to decipher a map, access prior knowledge before reading a new passage, monitor comprehension while reading a difficult textbook, and so on.e.g. I’ll ask my students to read a passage of text. I’ll introduce the task to students by saying, "I want you to think aloud as you complete the task: say everything that is going on in your mind." As students complete the task, listen carefully and write down what students say. It may be helpful to use a tape recorder. If students forget to think aloud, ask open-ended questions: "What are you thinking now?" and "Why do you think that?"After the think-alouds, informally interview students to clarify any confusion that might have arisen during the think-aloud. For example, "When you were thinking aloud, you said . . . Can you explain what you meant?"Lastly, use a rubric as an aid to analyze each student's think-aloud, and use the results to shape instruction.I think that getting students into the habit of thinking out loud enriches classroom discourse and gives teachers an important assessment and diagnostic tool.。
东师mti真题及答案解析
东师mti真题及答案解析东师MTI真题及答案解析随着社会的发展和经济的全球化，语言翻译行业越来越受到重视。
为了满足市场对专业翻译人才的需求，东师开始实施翻译硕士（Master of Translation and Interpreting, 简称MTI）项目。
该项目旨在培养具备跨文化交际能力、翻译实践能力和专业素养的翻译人才。
为备考MTI考试的学生们提供参考，下面将介绍一些东师MTI的真题及其答案解析。
首先，我们来看看笔译部分的真题。
一道典型的笔译题目如下：原文：How can we teach someone else, especially children, tobe responsible?Translation:我们如何教别人，尤其是孩子们，做一个负责任的人？解析：这道题目要求考生翻译一个命题的问题。
首先，考生需要理解“teach”是教育的意思，根据上下文可以推断出是指如何培养别人的责任感。
其次，考生需要明确翻译对象是“someone else, especially children”，使用“别人，尤其是孩子们”来表达。
最后，要注意“responsible”的翻译，可以用“负责任的人”来表达。
在翻译过程中，考生还要注意使用正确的语法和语句结构，尽量保证翻译的流畅和准确。
除了笔译部分，MTI考试还包括口译部分。
下面是一道模拟的口译题目：原文：There are many challenges associated with globalization, such as language barriers and cultural differences. However, globalization also brings opportunities for economic growth and cultural exchange.口译：全球化伴随着很多挑战，比如语言障碍和文化差异。