【绝对精品】英语语法22-间接引语-Indirect Speech
高考英语24个语法之间接引语
二十、间接引语1概述⒈引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech),一般直接引语前后要加引号。
如:Mr.Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。
(直接引语)⒉用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech),一般间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr.Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)⒊从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。
现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题分述如下:2当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that 从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
⒈人称的变化①直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
如:He said,“I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
(I改为he,it不变)②把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
He said,"You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
英语直接引语和间接引语
英语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” XXX先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was XXX.XXX先生说他很忙。
(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。
在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练时,要特别注意句子的意义。
1)人称的变化a)He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。
”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。
”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I XXX work.”He said that he was XXX.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using XXX.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般曩昔时→曩昔完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had XXX”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变革例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "XXX."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day本日-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."XXX.XXX-the day before今天-前一天she said, "I went there XXX."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观谬误,变成直接引语时,时态稳定。
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语语法中重要的知识点。
在日常交流和书面表达中,人们经常使用直接引语和间接引语来引述他人的话语内容。
本文将对直接引语和间接引语进行归纳总结,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引语形式。
一. 直接引语(Direct Speech)直接引语是将别人的原话直接引述出来的表达方式。
它通常使用引号将原话包裹起来,并在引号前后使用逗号或句号作为标点符号。
直接引语的语气直接、生动,可以准确地传递原始信息。
1. 表达方式:Tom said, "I like chocolate."2. 特点:- 使用引号标注原话;- 使用逗号或句号标点;- 保留原话的时态、人称和语气。
3. 例句:a) She asked, "What time is it?"b) He shouted, "Stop!"二. 间接引语(Indirect Speech)间接引语是将别人的话转述成自己的话的表达方式,同时改变动词的时态、人称以及其他相关的语言表达手法。
与直接引语相比,间接引语更加客观,不再保留原始语气和说话者的个人情感。
1. 表达方式:Tom said that he liked chocolate.2. 特点:- 去除引号,没有标点符号的限制;- 改变动词的时态、人称和语气;- 可能需要改变疑问句的语序。
3. 例句:a) She asked what time it was.b) He shouted to stop.三. 直接引语转换为间接引语的规则1. 时态转换:- 一般现在时变为一般过去时;- 现在进行时变为过去进行时;- 一般过去时变为过去完成时;- 现在完成时变为过去完成时;- 将来时变为将来过去时。
2. 人称变化:- 第一人称变为第三人称;- 第二人称不变化;- 第三人称根据实际情况变化。
英语必修一直接引语和间接引语
Grammar Direct speech & Indirect speech一. 直接引语(Direct speech)和间接引语(Indirect speech)1. 直接引语(Direct speech):讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里。
2. 间接引语(Indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话,并且不能用引号。
Anne said: “ I am crazy about nature.” (Direct speech)She said that she was crazy about nature. (Indirect speech)二. 变间接引语时注意的要点1.人称的变化(直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。
)1. She said: “I am hungry.”She said she was hungry.2. Mum said to me:“ Y ou can do it yourself.”Mum told me that I could do it myself.3. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker.’’Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.Exercises (Have a try) :1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that ________ looked worried that day.2. We said to her, “They’re cleaning the room.”We told her that __________ were cleaning the room.3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way.”Mr. Black said that __________ had walked a long way.2.时态变化直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
初二英语直接间接引语知识点2023
初二英语直接间接引语知识点2023直接与间接引语是英语语法中的重要知识点,对于初二学生而言,掌握这些知识对于提高英语口语、写作和阅读理解能力都是至关重要的。
本文将对初二英语直接与间接引语知识点进行详细介绍和解释。
直接引语(Direct Speech)是将别人直接说的话原原本本地引述出来,一般使用引号括起来。
例如:“I love English,” Lisa said.(“我喜欢英语,”丽莎说道。
)直接引语中的句子与主句之间用逗号隔开。
间接引语(Indirect Speech)则是将别人说的话转述成间接的方式,不再使用引号括起来,而是通过动词引导的宾语从句来表达。
例如:Lisa said that she loved English.(丽莎说她喜欢英语。
)注意,间接引语中的时态、人称和地点等要根据实际情况进行相应的变化。
接下来,让我们来看一些常见的变化规则。
1. 时态变化:- 直接引语与间接引语的时态要发生变化,通常会向过去时转变。
- 一般现在时变成一般过去时:He said, "I am hungry."(他说,“我饿了。
”)→ He sa id that he was hungry.(他说他饿了。
) - 现在进行时变成过去进行时:She said, "I am studying."(她说,“我正在学习。
”)→ She said that she was studying.(她说她正在学习。
)- 一般过去时不变:They said, "We went to the park yesterday."(他们说,“我们昨天去公园了。
”)→ They said that they went to the park yesterday.(他们说他们昨天去公园了。
)2. 人称变化:- 直接引语与间接引语的人称也需要发生变化。
- 第一人称变成第三人称:He said, "I am happy."(他说,“我很快乐。
什么是直接引语和间接引语
什么是直接引语和间接引语?直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语中用来引述他人的话语的两种方式。
它们有不同的语法结构和用法。
下面是关于直接引语和间接引语的详细解释和使用指导:1. 直接引语:直接引语是将别人的话语直接引用,使用引号将其括起来。
直接引语保留了原始说话者的原话,包括时态、人称和语气。
例如,直接引语可以是:"I love watching movies," she said ("我喜欢看电影,"她说)。
2. 间接引语:间接引语是将别人的话语转述成自己的话,不使用引号。
间接引语通常以动词引导,如say、tell、ask等,并引入一个从句来表示所引述的内容。
间接引语通常改变了时态、人称和语气。
例如,间接引语可以是:She said that she loved watching movies(她说她喜欢看电影)。
3. 直接引语和间接引语的转换:在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,需要注意以下几个方面:-时态的变化:一般情况下,时态会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
例如,一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
-人称的变化:人称也会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
例如,第一人称变为第三人称,第二人称根据情况变为第三人称或保持不变。
-代词的变化:代词也需要根据情况进行变化。
例如,第一人称的代词"I"变为第三人称的代词"he/she",第二人称的代词"you"根据情况变为第三人称的代词或保持不变。
-时间和地点的变化:时间和地点也可能发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
4. 引导词的变化:在间接引语中,引导词通常用来引导从句,并在引语中提供信息。
例如,"She said, 'I love watching movies'"("她说,'我喜欢看电影'")可以转换为"She said that she loved watching movies"(她说她喜欢看电影)。
直接和间接引语的用法及区别
直接和间接引语的用法及区别直接引语(Direct Speech)指的是直接将别人的原话转述出来,使用原话的措辞和标点符号,以及表示说话者的动词的用法。
间接引语(Indirect Speech)则是将他人的原话转述为自己的话,并根据需要进行语法和措辞上的调整。
本文将详细介绍直接和间接引语的用法及区别。
一、直接引语的用法直接引语通常用于报告或复述别人所说的话,以保持原话的真实性和准确性。
在直接引语中,引号包围着说话者直接说的话,并使用冒号、逗号、问号或句号作为引号的内部标点符号,表示说话者的动词。
以下是一些例子:- John said, "I am going to the party tonight."(约翰说:“我今晚要去参加派对。
”)- Mary asked, "Where is the nearest supermarket?"(玛丽问:“最近的超市在哪里?”)- The teacher shouted, "Silence, please!"(老师大声喊道:“请保持安静!”)二、间接引语的用法间接引语用于转述别人说的话,通常在句子中以陈述句的形式出现,不再使用引号,也没有直接引语中的标点符号。
在间接引语中,动词的人称和时态一般需要根据引述者的意思进行相应变化。
以下是一些例子:- John said that he was going to the party tonight.(约翰说他今晚要去参加派对。
)- Mary asked where the nearest supermarket was.(玛丽问最近的超市在哪里。
)- The teacher shouted for everyone to be silent.(老师大声喊道让大家保持安静。
)三、直接引语与间接引语的区别直接引语与间接引语之间有几个关键的区别:1. 标点符号:直接引语使用引号和说话者的标点符号,而间接引语则没有引号,并且使用导语句的标点符号。
高中英语语法 直接引语和间接引语
Now; let’s check:
1 Mother said to him; ‘don’t cry’ →Mother toldhim not to cry
2 I said to him yesterday; ‘please come early ’ →Yesterday I __a_s_k_ed__ him to come early
8 Why did you talk so much to that boy Father asked Anne
Thank you for listening Byebye
here
there
类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句
1引导词为 疑问词 2疑问语序要改成 陈述句语序 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
3人称的改变一随主二随宾三不变
4时态的变化 主句用现在时或将来时;从句可用任何时态 主句用过去时;从句用与过去相关的时态
Now; let’s check :
1 ‘When does the train arrive ’ Please tell me →Please tell me when the train arrives
间接引语 indirect speech 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 不变过去完成时
❖ 时态的变化
直接引语
间接引语
He said; I’m afraid I can’t finish the work
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish the work
直接引语
间接引语
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换高中英语知识点归纳:直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语(Direct Speech)是指将他人的原话直接引述出来。
而间接引语(Indirect Speech)则是将他人的原话转述为自己的话。
在英语中,我们常常需要将直接引语转换为间接引语,或者将间接引语转换为直接引语。
了解如何正确转换直接引语和间接引语是学习英语语法的重要一环。
本文将系统地介绍直接引语和间接引语的转换规则。
一、直接引语转换为间接引语的规则:1. 动词变换- 当直接引语的句子是陈述句时,直接引语的动词要改为相应的引述动词,通常为say或tell。
- 当直接引语的句子是疑问句时,直接引语的动词要改为相应的引述动词,并且将疑问句转换为陈述句。
2. 人称代词和时间状语的变换- 当直接引语的人称代词是第一人称(I)时,要根据转述者的身份和角色进行变换。
- 当直接引语中有时间状语时,要根据转述的时间进行适当的变换。
3. 转述句的变换- 当直接引语是陈述句时,转述句中的时态、人称和人称代词要根据转述者的角色进行相应的变换。
- 当直接引语是疑问句时,转述句要改为陈述句,并根据情景加上适当的疑问词。
二、间接引语转换为直接引语的规则:1. 动词变换- 当间接引语是陈述句时,直接引语的动词要改为相应的陈述动词。
- 当间接引语是疑问句时,直接引语的动词要改为相应的疑问动词,并将陈述句转换为疑问句。
2. 人称代词和时间状语的变换- 当间接引语中有第一人称或第二人称的人称代词时,转述为直接引语时,要根据语境和说话的对象进行相应的变换。
- 当间接引语中有时间状语时,要根据语境中的时态进行适当的变换。
3. 直接引语的标点符号- 将间接引语转换为直接引语时,要根据语境中的语气和情感添加相应的标点符号。
三、注意事项:1. 语气和情感的保留- 在转换直接引语和间接引语时,要注意保持原始语句中的语气和情感。
2. 引号的使用- 直接引语使用双引号(" ")来标注,间接引语则不需使用引号。
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语语法中非常重要的知识点。
在日常生活和写作中,我们经常会遇到需要引述他人的话语的情况。
了解直接引语和间接引语的变化规则对于正确引述他人的话语以及理解他人的陈述至关重要。
本文将对高中英语中直接引语和间接引语的变化规则进行归纳总结。
一、直接引语的变化规则1. 动词变化:直接引语中的动词需根据引述的内容进行时态、人称和数量等变化。
a) 一般现在时:直接引语中的一般现在时可以保持不变。
例子:He said, "I like music."(他说:“我喜欢音乐。
”)b) 一般过去时:直接引语中的一般过去时需变为过去完成时。
例子:She said, "I visited my grandparents yesterday."(她说:“昨天我去看望了我的祖父母。
”)c) 现在进行时:直接引语中的现在进行时需变为过去进行时。
例子:They said, "We are studying for the exam."(他们说:“我们正在为考试学习。
”)d) 一般将来时:直接引语中的一般将来时需变为过去将来时。
例子:He said, "I will go to the cinema tomorrow."(他说:“明天我将去电影院。
”)2. 代词变化:直接引语中的人称代词(例如I、you、he、she、they 等)需按照引述者的身份进行变化。
例子:He said, "I am going to the park."(他说:“我要去公园。
”)3. 时间和地点变化:直接引语中的时间和地点词语需根据实际情境进行变化。
例子:She said, "I will meet you at the library tomorrow."(她说:“明天我会在图书馆见你。
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况
高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况直接引语和间接引语是英语语法中的重要内容,它们在交流和书面表达中起到了至关重要的作用。
了解直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况,可以帮助我们更准确地理解和运用英语。
本文将对高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况进行详细介绍。
一、直接引语和间接引语的概念直接引语(Direct Speech)指直接引用别人的原话,用来表达他人说过的内容。
间接引语(Indirect Speech)是将别人的原话转述为间接引语,以自己的话来表达他人说的内容。
二、直接引语和间接引语的一般规则一般情况下,直接引语和间接引语之间的变化包括以下几个方面:1.人称的变化:当宾语是第一人称时,要改变人称。
2.时态的变化:通常将直接引语中的时态转换成比较接近的时态。
3.引导词和标点的变化:引导词通常要加上适当的连词,标点也需要相应的变化。
下面将对直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况进行具体讲解。
三、直接引语和间接引语的特殊情况1.特殊疑问句的引述当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,间接引语要使用“asked”或者“wondered”等动词引导,同时要将疑问句改为陈述句。
例子:Direct Speech (直接引语): "Where are you going?" he asked.Indirect Speech (间接引语): He asked where I was going.2.陈述句的特殊情况当直接引语是陈述句且为真理、客观事实或总结性陈述时,间接引语不需要改变时态、人称和时间等。
例子:Direct Speech (直接引语): "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."Indirect Speech (间接引语): He said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.3.祈使句的引述当直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语中要使用“tell”或者“ask”等动词引导,同时要注意将时态、人称和标点做相应的调整。
第二十二章 直接引语和间接引语
第二十二章直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech):在英语中,直接引述别人的原话,一字不改地引用,被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。
直接引语须放在引号之内。
例如:Mary said,"I am fond of music.”玛丽说她喜欢音乐。
用自己的话转述别人的话对原话可以有所变更,叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。
使用间接引语不用引号。
例如:Mary said that she was fond of music. 玛丽说她喜欢音乐。
从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了she,am则改成了was,现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下。
1.直接引语是陈述句,改为间接引语时,则将这个陈述句改为间接引语的宾语从句,其连接词要用that(一般可省)。
在将直接引语改为间接引语的宾语从句时,要注意下列的几种变化。
(1)人称的相应变化,例如:直接:He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”间接:He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)教你巧学巧记:(1)直接引语为陈述句变间接引语口诀当直接引语为陈述句,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。
例如:She said,“My brother doesn’t want to go there.”→She said that her brother didn’t want to go there.(2)间直引语互变人称变化口诀一、直接引语变为间接引语的人称变化规律可总结为,一主、二宾、三不变。
indirect speech课件(PPT 24页)
2. My father isn’t very well. He said his father wasn’t very well.
3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.
其它变化 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this
that
these those
动词 come
go
bring 地点副词 here
take there
“Remember to turn off the lights,” she said. She asked me to turn off the lights. “Don’t do that!” she said. She told me not to do that.
Homework
1. 完成周报unit one的全部练习. 2.听写unit one的单词,默写报子
第3,4句. 3.完成百思英语6,7页.
You met your friend Charlie yesterday. The following is what Charlie told you. Later that day, you told another friend what Charlie said to you.
He said he didn’t know Fred would leave there in two days .
6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.
最新高中英语语法讲义直接引语和间接引语资料
直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
一、直接引语变间接引语A.陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that 引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。
与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。
She said, We are very fond of sports. 她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again, he said. 他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
(that可省略)B.疑问句的间接引语1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?→ My t eacher asked me i f/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
什么是直接引语和间接引语
什么是直接引语和间接引语?直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语中用来引述他人的话语或思想的两种方式。
直接引语是直接将别人的话或思想用他们原本的措辞和形式引述出来。
在直接引语中,引述的话或思想放在引号内,并使用说话动词直接引用。
例如:- John said, "I am going to the store."(约翰说:“我要去商店。
”)间接引语是将别人的话或思想用自己的措辞和形式转述出来。
在间接引语中,引述的话或思想不再放在引号内,而是通过使用动词的不同形式来表示。
通常需要将引述的话或思想变成宾语从句,并根据引述的内容和上下文做相应的变化。
例如:- John said that he was going to the store.(约翰说他要去商店。
)下面是一些关于直接引语和间接引语的规则和例子:1. 动词的变化:-时态变化:直接引语中的动词时态需要根据引述的时间进行变化。
- He said, "I am reading a book."(他说:“我正在读一本书。
”)→ He said that he was reading a book.(他说他正在读一本书。
)-人称变化:直接引语中的第一人称和第二人称需要根据引述的人进行变化。
- She said, "I will come with you."(她说:“我会和你一起来。
”)→ She said that she would come with me.(她说她会和我一起来。
)2. 代词的变化:-直接引语中的人称代词需要根据引述的人进行变化。
- He said, "I love her."(他说:“我爱她。
”)→ He said that he loved her.(他说他爱她。
)3. 时态变化和标点符号:-若引述的事实仍然是真实的或者普遍适用的,间接引语中的时态可以保持不变。
B接引语Directspeech和间接引语Indirectspeech语法讲解
Book 1 Grammar:直接引语Direct speech和间接引语Indirect speech 语法讲解actual wordsDirect speech: speaker’sThe teacher said to Tom, “I will tell you a secret tomorrow.”Indirect speech: reported speech / reporting of what somebody has saidThe teacher said to Tom that she would tell him/her a secret the next day.一、人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如:She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人“你”所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称,如:He said to Kate,"How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her siste r was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化,如:Mr. Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、时态直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。
直接引语与间接引语(DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech)
直接引语与间接引语(DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech)直接引语与间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)Direct speech and indirect speechdirect speech and indirect speechQuote or quote someone else's speech is called "quote"". Direct reference to others said, "mark," quotes are called direct speech; quoted the words of others in their own language, do not need to quote this is called indirect speech and indirect speech are actually the object clause (except the indirect speech conversion by imperative sentence conversion after the infinitive). Then the direct speech is declarative, interrogative, general special interrogative sentences and imperative sentences, converted into indirect speech, sentence structure, person, tense, where time adverbial and so have change, how to change?1, the change of person1) the first person in direct speech is generally converted to the third person, such as the first person:He said, "I am very sorry." -- >He said that he was very sorry.2) the second person in direct speech is converted to the first person if the original word is intended to refer to the speaker: "You should be more careful next time", "my father told me." > My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3) the second person in direct speech, if the original word is for the third person, is converted into the third person. Such as: She said to her son, "I'll check your homework tonight." - > She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4) the conversion of person includes personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and nominal possessive pronouns, such aspersonal pronouns, possessive pronouns and nominal possessive pronouns:He asked me, "Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?" - >He asked me whether I would go to afternoon. the station with him to meet a friend of his thatIn short, the conversion of person is not fixed, specific circumstances, specific treatment, should be in accordance with logic.2, the conversion of tenseDirect speech into indirect speech, if the predicate verb is if the past, clause (i.e. indirect part) of the verb should make the corresponding changes in the temporal aspect, all become the past tense category (the actual object tense, change the following requirements):Direct speech indirect speechThe present simple past tensePast perfect past perfect tensePresent progressive tense, past progressive tensePresent perfect tense, past perfect tensePast perfect tense, past perfect tensePast continuous tenseThe past future tense, past future tenseFor example:"I am very glad to visit school your", "she said." >She said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, "We are listening to the pop music." - >Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.Mother asked, "Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?" - >Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.He asked the conductor, "Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?" - >He asked the conductor where he would bus. get off to change to a No. 3"Why did she refuse to go there?" the teacher asked. - >The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.Mother asked me, "Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?" - >妈妈问我在看电视之前是否完成了家庭作业。
indirect speech(间接引语)1
Rule1:如果主句谓语动词的时态是现在时,间接引语中的 时态是不变的。 直接引语:He says, “I am unwell.” 间接引语:He says he is unwell.
Rule2:如果主句谓语动词的时态是过去时,间接引语中的 时态相应地改变。规则如下:
一起来转换
She said, ”I need a boyfriend.” She said she needed a boyfriend. Thomas said, ”I am having dinner with my girlfriend.” Thomas said he was having dinner with his girlfriend. Sissi said, “My dream has come true.” Sissi said her dream had come true. Katrina said, “I watched the movie with my friends.” Katrina said she had watched the movie with her friends. Jessica said, “I was reading when Gary called me.” Jessica said she had been reading when Gary called her.
Rule3:直接引语改为间接引语时,人称代词、指示代词以及时间和地点状 语也应作改变。规则如下:
一起来转换
She said, ”She is coming this week.” She said she was coming that week. Thomas said, ”I saw her the day before yesterday.” Thomas said he had seen her two days ago. Sissi said, “I arrived yesterday morning.” Sissi said she had arrived the morning before. Katrina said, “This happened two days ago.” Katrina said this had happened two days before.
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Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Change in tense.
Exception
b) When the direct speech is with subjunctive mood.
“I suggest the meeting be put off till next week,” he said. → He suggested the meeting be put off till the next week.
→ He said he must / would have to be in his office
earlier the following day.
“Must I go to school tomorrow?” he asked. → He asked if he had to go to school the next day.
Change in tense.
c) When the direct speech states the continuing situation, or hasn’t happened yet.
Exception
“I’m forty,” he said. → He said he is forty.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Change in tense.
a) When the direct speech is a fact, truth, habit or maxim.
Exception
He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym.” → He said (that) the word “laser” is an acronym.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Change With past tense in the main clause, in tense. indirect speech usually takes one of
the past tenses.
He said, “We are spending next weekend at home.” → He said that they were spending next weekend at home.
He said, “I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow.” → He said he’ll be waiting for me tomorrow.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
d) When the direct speech contains
Indirect Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said.
He said, “the committee are quarrelling among themselves”.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Indirect Speech of Direct Question B.
C.
Indirect Speech of Direct Command and Exclamation
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Change With past tense in the main clause, in tense. indirect speech usually takes one of
the past tenses.
He said, “The secretary has turned down the proposal.” → He said that the secretary had turned down the proposal. He said, “I didn’t recognize you.” → He said he hadn’t recognize me.
He said (that) the committee were quarrelling among themselves.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
Indirect Speech of Direct Question B.
C.
Indirect Speech of Direct Command and Exclamation
Change in tense.
“must”.
He said, “I must walk to work.”
Exception → He said he must/had to walk to work.
He said, “I must be in my office earls time we stopped work.” → He said it was time they stopped work.
He said, “I wish I knew.” → He said he wished he knew.
Indirect Speech of Direct Statement A.
He said, “The milk will go off (变质) tomorrow.”
→ He said the milk would go off tomorrow. He said, “The house is to be pulled down next month.” → He said the house was to be pulled down the next month.