雅思写作词汇：各种“衰退”词汇的英语表达

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雅思写作高频词汇替换

Think: believe, argue, hold, maintain, contend, claim, advocate, assert, feelAdvantages & disadvantages:benefits & drawbacks/risks, positive side & negative side, bright side & dark side/ flip side/ downside, pros & cons, strengths & weaknesses, merits & demeritsImportant: key, crucial, critical, paramount, imperative, major高频动词：1. 提高：improve = enhance= promote = strengthenoptimize the resource allocation2. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with = do with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down + the old houses5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture + independence6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 导致: lead to = contribute to = result in(+名词the extinction of wild species不用the wild species to die out)原因：owing to sth./thanks to sth. (不用从句)，原因状语从句用because/since8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve +one’s ambition9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold = conserve + their customs and language10. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten + financial burden高频形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable = disadvantageous6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent （贬义词）= pervasive Some people believe that corporal punishment is useful to foster children’s discipline, and this attitude still prevails among many parents.The Hollywood film tends to be a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture.Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world.高频名词：1. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens = theretired = the retirees = pensioners = old age pensioners2. 年轻人：young people = youngsters = youths = the young = the younger generation = young adults3. 青少年：adolescents ＝juvenile person ＝teenagers （juvenile delinquency，juvenile delinquents)4. 孩子：children = kids = offspring(单复同形) = descendantWe owe it to our descendants to leave them a clean world to live in. 我们这么做的目的是为了给后代留下一个能居住的干净世界。

雅思写作高频词汇总再也不用担心单词了!

雅思写作高频词汇总再也不用担心单词了！许多同学在面对雅思写作中，总是缺乏一些词汇的支撑，文章的词汇也经常重复。

天道小编帮你总结了一些单词，这些能帮你脱离词汇匮乏的难题。

高频形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding44. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous:5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prent = pervasive高频动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5.培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture(6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert = hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten。

雅思考试词汇表

雅思考试7600词汇表（A字母开头）欧阳家百（2021.03.07）a, an art.—个abandon v.抛弃，放弃abandonment n.放弃abbreviation n.缩写，缩写词abeyance n.缓办，中止abide v.遵守ability n.能力able adj.有能力的，能干的abnormal adj.反常的，变态的aboard adv.船（车）上abolish v.废除，取消abolition n.废除,取消abortion n.流产abortive adj.无效果的，失收的about prep.关于，大约above prep.在之上，高于above-mentioned adj.上述的abreast adv.并肩，并列abridge v.省略，摘要abroad adv.国外，海外abrogate v.取消，废除abrogation n.取消，废除abrupt adj.突然的，生硬的abruptly adv.突然地absence n.缺席，缺乏absent adj.缺席的，不存在absent-minded adj.心不在焉的absolute adj.完全的，绝对的absolutely adv.绝对，完全absorb v.吸收，专心于absorption n.吸收，专注abstract adj.Jfi象的,难懂的abstraction n.抽象，提取absurd adj.荒唐的absurdity n.荒唐（事）abundance n.丰富，大量abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的abuse v.滥用，谩骂abasement n.滥用academic adj.学院的，学术的academy n.学院，研究院accede v.同意accelerate v.加速，加快acceleration v.加速，促进accent n.腔调v.重读accept v.接受，同意acceptable adj.oj接受的,合意的acceptance n.接受，承兑access n.接近，入口accessible adj•可接近的accessory n.附件，装饰品accident n.事故，意外之事accidental adj.意外的，偶然的accidentally adv.偶尔，附带accommodate v.提供便利，拆借accommodation n.便利，通融accompaniment n.伴侣，伴奏accompany v.伴随，伴奏accomplish V.完成，达至I」accomplishment n.成就accord v.符合，协调accordance n.按照，与一致according adj.按照，据说accordingly adj .相应地,从而account n.账目v.说明accountant n.^计（师）accounting n.会计学accrue v.产生，发生accrued adj.增值的，应计的accumulate v.积累，积蓄accumulation n.积累accumulative adj.积累的accuracy n.准确（性）accurate adj.准确的，精密的accurately adj.准确地accusation n.控告accuse v.告发，指责accustom v.使习惯于ache v.觉得疼n.疼痛aching adj.疼痛的achieve v.完成，实现achievement n.完成，成就acid n.酸acknowledge v.承认，鸣谢acknowledgment n.承认，鸣谢，回执acquaint n.使熟悉，相识acquaintance n.熟悉人，相识acquainted adj.熟悉的acquire v.求得，获得acquisition n.获得acre n.英亩acrobat n.杂技演员acrobatics n.杂技across prep.横越adv.横穿act n.行为，法令v.表演action n.彳亍为，行动activate v.使活跃,开动active adj.活跃的，积极的actively adv.积极地，活跃地activity n.活动actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual adj.现实的，实际的actuality n.实际actually adv.实际上，居然acute adj.剧烈的,敏锐的A.D.（缩）公元ad n.（缩）广告adapt v.使适应，改编adaptation n.适应add v.增添，加，补充addition n.增加,附加物additional adj增加的,附加的additive adj厨加的n.添加剂address n.地址v.致词adequate adj.足够的，恰当的adequately adv.恰当地adhere v.粘附，坚持adhesive n.粘合剂adjacent adj.邻近的adjective rt形容词adjoin v.毗连adjust v.调整，修整adjustable adj.可调整的adjustment n.调整administer v.管理administration n.行政管理，管理机关administrative adj.行政管理的admirable adj.可钦佩的admiration n.羡慕，钦佩admire v.钦佩，赞美admission n.准入，承认admit v.承认，接纳admittedly adv.明白地adolescence n.青春期adolescent adj.青春期的adopt v.采用，采纳adoption n.采用adore v.崇拜，敬慕adorn v.装饰，佩带adornment n.装饰（品）adult n.成年人adj.成年的advance n. v.前进advanced adj.先进的，发达的advantage n.优点，优势advantageous adj.有利的，有用的adventure n.冒险，惊险活动adventurous adj.冒险的adverb n.副词adverbial adj.副词的adversary adj.敌手，对手adverse v.逆的，相反的adversity n.逆境，不幸advertise v.登广告，推销advertising adj.广告的advertisement n.广告advice n.忠告，意见advisable adj.适当的，可行的advise v.劝告，通知adviser n.顾问advocate v.拥护，提倡aerial adj.天空的，航空的aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事件,事情affect v.影响，改变affection n.友爱，爱慕affectionate adj.充满感情的affiliate n.分号（公司） affirm v.断言，肯定affirmation n.确定，确认affirmative adj.肯定的afford v.买得起，经受得起affordable adj.买得起的afloat adj航行中的aforesaid adj.上述住］afraid adj.g怕的，恐怕Africa n.非洲African adj.非洲的n.非洲人after prep.在后afternoon n.下午afterward adv.后来again adv.再，又against prep.反对，对着age n.年龄,时代agency n.代理，代理处agent n.代理人，试剂aggravate V.JQ重，恶化aggravation n.JDB,恶化aggregate v. & n. & adj.合计（的） aggregation n.总计，集合aggression n.侵略aggressive adj.侵略的，进取的aggressor n.g略者agitate v.首支动agitation n.鼓动，不安ago adv.以前agonize v.使痛苦agony n.苦恼，痛苦agree v.同意，一致认为agreeable adj.惬意的,易相处的agreeably adv.欣然，依照agreed adj.商定的agreement n.—致，协议agricultural adj.农业的agriculture n.农业ahead adv.在前aid n. & v.援助，救护aids n.（缩）艾滋病ailment n.疾病aim n.目的v.旨在，指向aimless adj.无目的的air n.空气，气派aircraft n.航空器airline n航线，航空公司airliner n.定期航班airmail n.航空邮件airplane n.飞机airport n.机场airway n.航线aisle n.过道，走廊ajar adv.半开的alarm n.惊慌，警报alarming adj.警告的alas int.唉，哎呀album n.相册，地图册alcohol n.酒精alcoholic adj.含酒精的alcoholism n.嗜酒者，酒鬼ale n.淡啤酒alert adj.警惕的，灵活的algebra n.代数alien adj.异国的，异样的alienate v.疏远，转让，挪用alienation n.异化alignment n.对准，准线alike adj.相象的alive adj.®着的，有生命的all adj.所有的n.—切allergic adj.nt敏的，变态的allergy n.皮感,过敏alliance n.联合，同盟allied adj.同盟的allocate v.分配allocation n.分配allot v.分配，配给allotment n.分配，份额allow v.允许,许可allowance n.补助，津贴alloy n.合金ally n.同盟者v.结盟almost adv.几乎，差不多alone adj.单独的，仅仅along prep.沿着adv.—起alongside prep.在旁边aloud adv.大声地alphabet n.字母表also adv.也alter v.改变，变动alternate v.轮流，交替alternation n.改变，变更alternative n. & v.两者取一although conj.虽然altitude n.高度altogether adv.全部地，总共aluminum n.铝always adv.总是，始终A.M.（缩）上午amateur adj.业余的amaze v.使惊叹amazement n.惊奇，诧异ambassador n.大使ambient adj.周围的，包围着的ambiguityn.歧义性，意义不明处ambiguous adj.模棱两可的ambition n.抱负，野心ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的ambulance n.救护车amend v.修改，更正amendment n.修改（通知书）amends n.赔偿America n.美国，美洲American adj.美国的n.美国人amiable adj和蔼的，亲切的amicable adj.^好的，和睦的amid prep.在之间ammunition n.弹药among prep.在之中amount 量，总数v.合计ampere n.【电】安培ample adj.宽大的，充裕的amplification n.放大amplifier n.^大器，扩音机amplify v.详述，放大amuse v.逗乐，给娱乐amusement n.娱乐，乐趣analogue n模拟，类似物analogy n.类似，类推analysis n.分析，分解analytical adj.分析的，解析的analyze v.分析，分解ancestor n.祖先，祖宗anchor n.锚v.停泊ancient adj.古老的，古代的and conj.和,与，而anecdote n.轶事，轶闻angel n.天命，安琪儿anger n.生气，愤怒angle n.角,角度angry adj.^气的，愤怒的angular adj.角状的animal n.动物animate v.使有活力,激活animation n.生气，生机ankle n.踝，踝骨annex n.附录,附件anniversary n.周年纟己念日announce v.宣布，通扌艮announcement n.通知announcer n.播音员annoy v.烦扰，使生气annoyance n.烦恼,麻烦事annual adj.每年的，年度的annually adv.每年，年年another pron 另一个answer n.答案v.答复ant n.蚂蚁antagonism n.对立，敌对antagonist n.对手，敌手Antarctic adj.南极的antibiotic adj.抗菌的antecedent n.触角，天线anticipate v.期望，预料anticipation n.期望，预料antique adj.古老的n.古玩antonym n.反义词antonymous adj.反义的anxiety n.焦虑，担心anxious adj.焦急的，切扮的anxiously adv.焦急地，急切地any adj.任何，一些anybody pron.任何人anyhow adv.无论如何anyone pron.无论谁anything pron.无论什么anyway adv.不管怎样anywhere adv.无论何地apart adv.分离,隔开apartment n.套房，公寓ape n.猿猴apologize v.道歉apology n.道歉apparatus n.仪器，设备apparent adj.明显的，表廂上的apparently adj.显然,似乎appeal v. & n.呼吁，上诉appealing adj.有吸引力的appear v.出现，好像appearance n.出现，外表appendix n.附录，盲肠appetite n.食欲，欲望applaud v.称赞，拍手喝彩applause n.喝彩，欢呼apple n.苹果appliance n.用具，器械applicable adj.^动的，适用的applicant n.申请人application n.申请，应用apply V.应用，申请appoint v.任命，约定appointment n.任命，约合appreciable adj.可看到的appreciably adv.相当大地appreciate v.欣赏，感激appreciation n.欣赏，感激appreciative adj.感激的apprentice n•学校apprize v.通矢[] approach v.接近n.途径appropriate adj.恰当的v.拨给approval n.同意，批准approve v.赞成，批准approximate adj. v.近似，约略approximately adv.近乎，大约approximation n.近彳以彳直April n.四月apt adj.恰当的，易于的aptitude n.才智，天资Arab n.阿拉伯Arabian n.阿拉伯人，阿拉伯语Arabic adj.阿拉伯的arbitrary adj.专横的，任意的arbitrate v.仲裁arbitration n.仲裁arbitrator n.仲裁员arc n.弧arch n拱门，弓形archaeologist n.考古学家archaeology n.考古学architect n.建筑师architecture n.建筑学arctic adj.北极的ardent adj.热心的，强烈的arduous adj.艰巨的，努力的area 直积，领域arena n.竞技场argue v.争论，辩论argument n.争论，论点arise v.起来，出现aristocracy n.贵族阶层aristocrat n.贵族aristocratic adj.贵族的arithmetic n.算术arm n.手臂，扶手v.武装arms n.武器armchair n.手扶椅armour n.盔甲，装甲army n.军队，陆军around adv.在周围，大约arouse v.唤酉星，唤起arrange v.整理,安排arrangement n.安排,计划array v.装扮,排列arrear n.欠款arrest v.逮捕,吸引arrival n.到达,到货arrive v.到达，达到arrogance n.傲片曼arrogant adj.傲慢的arrogantly adv.傲慢地arrow n.箭，箭头artn.艺术，技艺article n.文章，物品，冠词artificial adj.人造的，假的artist n.艺术家artistic n.艺术的as adv.—样prep作为ascend v.登，上升ascertain v.查明，弄清ascribe v.归于ASEAN n.（缩）东盟ash n.灰，灰烬ashamed adj•惭愧的，羞耻的ashore adv.在岸上，上岸ashtray n.烟灰缸Asia n.亚洲Asian adj.亚洲的n.亚洲人aside adv.在旁边，搁在一边askv.问,要求，邀请asleep adj.睡着的aspect n.容貌，方直aspirin n.阿斯匹林assn.驴，愚蠢的人assassinate v.暗杀assassination n.8音杀assassinator n.暗杀者assault v.袭击，攻击assemble v.集合，装配assembly n.集合，装配assert v.断言，宣称assertion n.断言assess v.评定，估价assessment n.估值，评价assign v.分配，指定assignment n.任务，作业assist v•协助assistance n.协助，辅助assistant n•助手associate v.联想adv•副的associated adj.联合的association n.t办会，合营associative adj.联想的assorted adj.各种各样的assortment n.花色品木中assume v.假定，担任assumption n.假定，假装assurance n.自信，保证assure v.使放心，向保证assured adj•感到放心的astonish v.使惊讶astonishment n.惊讶astound v.使惊讶astray adv.（信件）遗失、误传astronaut n.宇宙飞行员astronomer n.天文学家astronomical adj.天文学的astronomy n.天文学at prep.在，处于，以athlete n.田径运动员athletic adj.田径的Atlantic n. & adj.大西洋（的） atlas n.地图集atmosphere n.大气气氛atmospheric adj.大气的，空气的atom n.原子，微粒atomic adj.原子的，原子能的attach v.附着于，依恋attachment n.依附，附件，爱慕attack v. & n.逬攻，侵袭attain v.赢得，到达。

雅思写作词汇

写作词汇★高频形容词1. 贫穷的：poor = needy= impoverished=poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent= well-to-do= well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive= beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable= negative6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary= miraculous)9. 美丽的：beautiful =attractive= gorgeous= eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★高频动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve=address = tackle=cope with= dealwith4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten12. 从事：carry out/conduct/perform/go about★高频名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards3. 污染：pollution = contamination》4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = strengths=the upside=pros=merits = superiority = virtue11. 缺点：disadvantage=weaknesses=the downside=cons=banes=demerits=inferior11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★高频短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of雅思议论文6分必备词汇~Education1.家长给孩子的教育 parenting n2.学校给孩子的教育 schooling n3.培养 cultivate/foster/nurture v4.意识 awareness=sense=recognition n5.有创造力的 creative/original adj6.身体的 physical adj7.心理的 psychological adj8.同龄人 peer n9.动力 motivation n10.`adapt to11.适应12.纪律 discipline n13.记忆 memorise v14.获得 acquire v15.有趣的 stimulating adj. (在教育类作文中经常可以替代interesting)16.青少年adolescents=youngsters=youths=teens17.填鸭式教学法force-feed the students18.限制创造力的发展extinguish (orstifle/constrain) creativity19.全面发展的well-rounded=versatile20.不遵守纪律indiscipline=misbehavior=mischief n21.&curriculum n22.各门功课总称23.责任感 a sense ofobligation/duty/responsibility24.团队精神team spirit25.盲从follow sth.blindly/indiscriminately26.就业技能employable (or marketable)Media27.无处不在的 prevalent adj28.客观的 objective adj29.不客观的 biased adj30.名人 celebrity n31.…journalists n32.记者33.新闻界 the press34.报道 coverage n. (cover v.)35.有误导性的 misleading adj36.可靠地 dependable adj37.及时的 up-to-minute adj38.影响 sway v39.信息量大的 informative adj40.娱乐性的 entertaining adj41.无处不在的 ubiquitous=pervasive42.\media hype43.媒体炒作44.夸大exaggerate=sensationalise=blow sth out of all proportions45.道德标准code of ethics=code ofconduct46.过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/gratuitous47.可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable48.侵犯隐私violate (or intrudeon/infringe on) someone’s privacy49.揭露 expose/reveal v50.审查 censor v51.诈骗性的 fraudulent adj52.公正客观的 objective and balanced53.、be awash with/be inundated 54.充斥着with/be saturated with sth55.电子媒体 the electronic media Technology56.改变 transform v 代替change57.突破 breakthrough n58.发展 advance v.&n.59.惊人的速度 a staggering rate60.信息爆炸 information overload61.提高，增强 enhance=boost v.62.创新，发明 innovations n.63.)telecommunications n.64.远程通讯65.高生产率的 productive adjefficiency67.减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery68.科技创新和发展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressions69.尖端的技术 cutting-edge technology70.生物技术 biotechnology n71.自动化automation nautomated adj72.人的基因构成one’s geneticmakeup/one’s DNA programming73.回报 reward n&v74.@relatively75.相对地，比较地76.实现，完成 fulfil(英)/fulfill(美)77.现实 reality78.反映，体现 reflect v79.不安全感 insecurity n80.让…合理 justify vGovernment81.首要任务 priority n.82.稳定 stability n.83.建立 establish v84..决85.解86.减轻，缓解 alleviate=ease v87.对…投资 invest in=allocate money to88.当局 the authorities89.禁止ban=forbid=prohibitv90.监督scrutinise/monitorv91.管理administer=regulatev92.税收 tax revenue93.民主的democraticadj94.需求 demand v&n95.(efficient adj96.高效率的97.基础设施 infrastructure98.缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy99.恶性循环 a vicious circle100.政府开支the government spending/expenditure on sth101.为…拨款 allocate money to sth/be a patron ofinvest in/fund/dedicatemoney to sthprogressive government103.失业 unemployment/joblessness104.规章制度 rules and regulations105.)legislate/make laws106.立法107.扩张expansion/aggression n108.削减curtail v109.把…当作当务之急 give priority to sthTourism110.开阔人的眼界broaden one’s horizon s/expand one’s outlook111.冲突 conflicts n112.探索 explore v113.促进 promote v114.旅游点 tourist attractions115.}地居民local residents=local116.当inhabitants117.相互了解 mutual understanding118.丰富人的经历 enrich one’s experience119.旅游景点 tourist spots/places of interestvision/horizons121.吸引 draw/attract/appeal to/bea magnet for sb122.亲身经历 first-hand experience123.多种感官体验的multi-sensory adj124.争端discord/dissension n125.商业化 commercialise/commodify v126.·接体验second-hand127.间experience/vicarious experience128.文化遗产 cultural heritageLanguage129.…的大量扩散(如英语,互联网,环境污染等) the proliferation of130.在…中占统领地位 play a dominant role in131.灭绝 go extinct132.小语种 lesser-known languages133.…的广泛使用 the widespread use of134.一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language135.方言 dialect/vernacular/the136.*亡extinct adj 137.消extinction nCulture138.祖先 ancestors n139.后代 descendants n140.文化同化 cultural assimilation141.盲目的 indiscriminate adj142.历史悠久的 time-honoured n143.文化遗产 cultural heritage144.文化多样性 cultural diversity145.文化特征 cultural identity146.|ethnic minorities147.少数民族148.不是一成不变的 sth is not set/carved in stone149.贬低deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importanceof/disparage/trivialize/discredit150.狭隘的观念insular/provincial/parochial mentality151.文化多元化cultural diversity/cultural heterogeneity152.文化融合 cultural integration andsynthesis153.民族团结 the harmony between ethnic groups/races154.相互影响 interaction n Development155.`the pace of life=the tempo of 156.生活节奏life157.城乡差距 the gap between the urban area and the rural area158.消除 eliminate v159.质量差的 inferior adj160.设施 facilities n161.疏远的 alienated adj162.物质化的，现实的 materialistic adj163.现状 the present situation=the current situation=the status quo164.建筑的外观 exterior n165.功能 function n166.-碍167.阻impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit v168.破旧的decrepit/rundown/rickety/diapidated adj169.拆除tear down/knockdown/demolish/raze a building v170.缺少运动的方式 sedentary lifestyle171.爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ostentatious adj172.休闲leisure/recreation n173.贫穷的needy/poverty-stricken/impoverisheddeprived/destitute/indigent174.富裕的 affluent/wealthy/well-off175.监控摄像头 surveillance camera176.—乐entertainment/division 177.娱n178.城市化urbanization n179.精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment180.宽松的管理 laissez-faire managementGlobalisation181.席卷一切的潮流 sweeping trends182.有机结合东西文化 synthesize the Asian and the Western cultures183.侵蚀(本土文化) erode v184.普通的 universal adj185.孤立的 isolated adj186.￥import v&n187.进口188.出口 export v&n189.文化特征national/regional cultural identity190.地球村 the global village191.文化同一性 cultural homogeneity/uniformity 192.文化同化 cultural assimilation193.双刃剑 a two-edged swordWomen194.家庭暴力 domestic violence195.性别平等 gender equality196.,discrimination n 后跟against 197.歧视198.一个开明的社会 an enlightened society199.家务事 household chores200.别…所拖累 be tied down by201.母性的本能 maternal instinct202.抚养孩子 child rearingFamily203.后代 offspring n204.性格冲突 personality clashes205.家庭的另一种写法 household n206.*affluent adj207.富裕的208.贫穷的 impoverished adj209.社区 community n210.家庭观念 family values211.代沟 generation gap212.亲情 family bonds213.和谐 harmony n214.老年人 elderly people215.单亲家庭 single-parent households216.归属感 a sense of belonging217.(be addicted to drugs/addition to 218.毒品上瘾drugsCrime219.犯罪 crime=offense=criminal acts 220.犯罪 v commit a crime221.严厉的 stringent adj222.惩罚 punishment/penalty223.犯罪率 the crime rate=the incidence of crime224.猖獗的 rampant adj225.违法 violate the law226.限制(自由等) restrict v227.（impulsive adj228.冲动的229.后果 consequence n230.处境,状况 circumstance n231.改造罪犯 reform/rehabilitate criminals 232.憎恨社会 resent society/hold a grudge against society233.心里创伤 trauma n234.执法部门 law enforcement agencies235.重罪heinous crime/flagitious crime/felony236.遵守法律 abide by the law/comply with the law237.惯犯hardened criminals/repeat criminals238.&criminal tendency239.犯罪倾向240.抓捕 track down/hunt down/capture Animals241.保护 preserve v242.残酷的 inhumane adj243.生物多样性 biodiversity n244.伙伴 companions n245.替代物 replacements=alternatives n 246.栖息地 habitat n247.濒危动物 endangered species248.—hide n249.兽皮250.动物权益保护主义者 animal right activists251.医学研究 medical research252.残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal253.减轻动物的痛苦relieve/alleviate/ease animal’s pain254.宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters’companions255.给主人心里安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort256.偷猎 poach/poaching257.某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives/ for sth.|Environment258.可持续发展 sustainable development259.开采自然资源 exploit natural development260.生态系统 the ecosystem261.一次性的 disposable adj262.节约 conserve v263.恶化 deteriorate/aggravate v264.排放 discharge n265.污染 contamination n266.消耗 consume=deplete v267.:eco-friendly adj268.有益于环保的269.短缺 scarcity n270.环保主义者environmentalists/conservationists271.再利用 reuse/recycle v272.各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effortsunite/to combat /tackle/resolve address environmental problems273.增强公众关于…的意识raise/elevate the public awareness of sth.274.砍伐森林 deforestation275.|use up/exhaust v276.用尽277.生物多样性 biodiversity278.白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbagewastes that cannot decompose or break down279.污水 effluent/sewage n280.有毒的 poisonous/toxic281.严厉的措施 harsh actions/measures n282.严重的 severe/grave/grievous adj283.不可再生资源 non-renewable resources284.；boost crop yield285.增加农产品产量286.短缺shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack n表示上升的动词Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) , 其中rise 和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared) 其中surge 也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease 也经常做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge[表示速度快的形容词Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加-ly表示幅度大的形容词Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加–ly表示缓慢，逐渐的形容词Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加–ly表示小幅度的形容词Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加–ly表示波动的动词Fluctuate, 不及物动词，名词fluctuation<表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at表示达到最高的动词Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词表示达到最低的动词Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/ witness/ see表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at、表示占…（后面跟百分数或数字）的及物动词或词组Account for/ represent / constitute / make up表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 区别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/ predict / forecast表示“分别”的副词Respectively—in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia wonX and Y gold medalsrespectively.表示“大约”的副词或者词组！About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, justunder描述：Decribe/illustrate/demonstrate/summarise/outline/indicate在...时 in到...时 by/till/until时间段From...To ...Between...And ...From ...Till/until时间段：During/for/over the period of .../a ...-year period 从...起 since /from...on》十年decade 百年century 五十年half a century 5 decades为雅思写作加分的100个高频英语短语1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…'9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点 argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …。

雅思核心词汇(完整1228)

雅思核心词汇1228abandon [ə’bændən] v.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热abnormal [æb’nɔ:məl] adj.反常的, 变态的abolish [ə’bɔliʃ] v.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等)abrupt [ə’brʌpt] adj.突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的absent [‘æbsənt] v.缺席；adj.不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的absolutely [‘æbsəlu:tli] adv.完全地, 绝对地absurd [əb’sə:d] adj.荒谬的, 可笑的abundance [ə’bʌndəns] n.丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕abundant [ə’bʌndənt] adj.丰富的, 充裕的abuse [ə’bju:z] n.& v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂acceptable [ək’septəbl] adj.可接受的, 合意的access [‘ækses] n.通路, 访问, 入门；v.存取, 接近accessory [æk’sesəri]n.附件, 附加物, 从犯, 同谋者；adj.附属的, 同谋的, 副的accommodate [ə’kɔmədeit] v.供应, 适应,向...提供, 容纳accomplish [ə’kɔmpliʃ] v.完成, 达到, 实现accord [ə’kɔ:d] n.一致, 符合, 协定；v.一致, 符合account [ə’kaunt] n.计算, 帐目, 说明accumulate [ə’kju:mjuleit] v.积聚, 堆积accurate [‘ækjurit] adj.正确的, 精确的accuse [ə’kju:z] v.控告, 谴责, 非难acknowledge [ək’nɔlidʒ] v.承认, 答谢, 报偿acquaint [ə'kweint] v.使熟知, 通知acquire [ə'kwaiə] v.获得, 学到activate ['æktiveit] v.刺激, 使活动，有活力actually ['æktʃuəlɪ] adv.实际上, 事实上acute [ə'kju:t] adj.敏锐的, 急性的, 剧烈的adapt [ə'dæpt] v.使适应, 改编adaptable [ə'dæptəbl] adj.能适应的, 可修改的add [æd] v.增加, 添加adequate ['ædikwit] adj.适当的, 足够的adhere [əd'hiə] v.粘附, 胶着, 坚持adjoin [ə'dʒɔin] v.邻接, 毗连adjust [ə'dʒʌst] v.调整, 调节, 使适合administer [əd’ministə] v.管理, 给予, 执行adolescent [,ædəu'lesnt] n.青少年；adj.青春期的, 青春的adopt [ə'dɔpt] v.采用，收养adverse ['ædvə:s] adj.不利的, 敌对的, 相反的advertise ['ædvətaɪz] v.做广告, 登广告advisable [əd'vaizəbl] adj.可取的, 明智的advocate ['ædvəkit] v.提倡, 鼓吹aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的, 审美的affair [ə'fe〔美ɛ〕ə] n.事务, 事件affect [ə’fekt] v.影响, 感动affiliate [ə’filieit] v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员affirm [ə’fə:m] v.断言, 确认, 肯定afflict [ə’flikt] v.使痛苦, 折磨affluent [‘æfluənt] n.富裕的agenda [ə’dʒendə] n.议程，行动计划aggravate [‘æg rəveit v.使恶化, 加重aggressive [ə’g resiv] adj.好斗的, 侵略性的agitation [ædʒi’teiʃən] n.激动, 兴奋, 煽动agony [‘ægəni] n.苦恼, 极大的痛苦alert [ə’lə:t] adj.提防的, 警惕的alien [‘eiljən] n.外侨；adj.外国的, 相异的alike [ə’laik]adj.相同的, 相似的；adv.以同样的方式, 类似于alive [ə’laiv] adj.活着的, 活泼的allege [ə’ledʒ] v.宣称, 断言alleviate [ə’li:vieit] v. 减轻，缓和allowance [ə’lauəns] n.津贴, 补助alter [‘ɔ:ltə] v.改变，变更alternate [ɔ:l’tə:nit] v.交替, 改变；adj.交替的, 轮流的amateur [‘æmətə(:)] n.业余爱好者,amaze [ə’meiz] v.使吃惊ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs] adj.暧昧的, 不明确的ambitious [æm’biʃəs] adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的amend [ə’mend] v.修正, 改进, 改正amount [ə’maunt] n.数量；v.(to) 总计, 等于ample [‘æmpl] adj.充足的, 丰富的amplify [‘æmplifai] v.放大, 扩大amuse [ə’mju:z] v.使发笑, 使愉快analogy [ə’nælədʒi] n.类似, 类推anniversary [,æni’və:səri] n.周年纪念annually [‘ænjʊəlɪ] adv.一年一次, 每年anonymous [ə’nɔniməs] adj.匿名的antique [æn’ti:k] n.古物, 古董；adj.古时的, 过时的anxiety [æŋg’zaiəti] n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望anxious [‘æŋkʃəs] adj. 担忧的, 渴望的appeal [ə’pi:l] n.& v.请求, 呼吁,控诉appearance [ə’piərəns] n.出现, 露面, 外貌appendix [ə’pendiks] n.附录, 附属品, 阑尾applaud [ə’plɔ:d] v.拍手喝彩, 称赞applicable [‘æplikəbl] adj.可适用的, 可应用的apply [ə’plai] v.申请, 应用appointment [ə’pɔintmənt] n.约会, 指定appraisal [ə’preizəl] n.评价, 鉴定appreciable [ə’pri:ʃiəbl] adj.可感知的, 可评估的appreciate [ə’pri:ʃieit] v.赏识, 感激apprehension [,æpri’henʃən] n.理解, 忧惧approach [ə’prəutʃ] n.& v. 接近, 通路,靠近appropriate [ə’prəupriit] adj.适当的；v.拨款approve [ə’pru:v] v.赞成, 批准, 通过apt [æpt] adj.有...倾向的, 灵敏的, 灵巧的arbitrary [‘ɑ:bitrəri] adj. 武断的, 专断的arise [ə’raiz] vi.出现, 发生, 起床arouse [ə’rauz] v.唤醒, 唤起arrange [ə’reindʒ] v.安排, 排列, 协商array [ə’rei] n.排列, 编队articulate [ɑ:’tikjulit] adj.发音清晰的，听得懂的artificial [,ɑ:ti’fiʃəl] adj.人造的, 假的ascend [ə’send] v.攀登, 上升ascertain [,æsə’tein] v.确定, 探知ascribe [əs’kraib] v.归因于, 归咎于assault [ə’sɔ:lt] n.& v.攻击, 袭击assemble [ə’sembl] v.集合, 聚集assert [ə’sə:t] v.断言, 声称assessment [ə’sesmənt] n.估价asset [‘æset] n.资产, 有用的东西assignment [ə’sainmənt] n.分配, 委派, 任务assimilate [ə’simileit] v.吸收associate [ə’səuʃieit] v.联系, 交往, 结交assume [ə’sju:m] v.假定, 设想assumption [ə’sʌmpʃən] n.假定, 设想assurance [ə’ʃuərəns] n.确信, 断言, 保证attack [ə’tæk] n.& v.进攻, 攻击attainable [ə’teinəbl] adj.可到达的, 可得到的attempt [ə’tempt] n.企图；v.尝试, 企图attend [ə’tend] v.出席, 照顾, 护理attendance [ə’tendəns] n.出席, 出席的人数attention [ə’tenʃən] n.注意, 关心, 注意力attitude [‘ætitju:d] n.姿势, 态度, 看法attraction [ə’trækʃən] n.吸引, 吸引力attribute [ə’tribju(:)t] n.属性；v. 归结于authentic [ɔ:’θentik] adj.可信的，真实的authorize [‘ɔ:θəraɪz] v.批准automatically [ɔ:tə’mætɪklɪ] adv.自动地, 机械地automation [ɔ:tə’meiʃən] n.自动，自动化autonomy [ɔ:’tɔnəmi] n.自治avail [ə’veil] vi.有益于；n.效用available [ə’veiləbl] adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 通用的avenue [‘ævinju:] n.林荫道, 大街, 路average [‘ævəridʒ] n.平均数；adj. 平均的avert [ə’və:t] v.转移，避免avoid [ə’vɔid] vt.避免, 消除awkward [‘ɔ:kwəd] adj.难使用的, 笨拙的badly [‘bædli] adv.严重地, 恶劣地baffle [‘bæfl] v.困惑, 阻碍, 为难bald [bɔ:ld] adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的ban [bɑ:n] v & n.禁止bandage [‘bændidʒ] n.绷带bankrupt [‘bæŋkrʌpt] v.破产bare [be〔美ɛ〕ə] adj.赤裸的, 无遮蔽的barely [‘be〔美ɛ〕əli] adv.仅仅, 刚刚, 几乎不能bargain [‘bɑ:gin] n.契约, 合同；v.议价barrel [‘bærəl] n.桶，圆筒barren [‘bærən] adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的barrier [‘bæriə] n.障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障battery [‘bætəri] n.电池beam [ bi:m ] n.梁, 横梁, (光线的)束, 柱, 电波beneficial [beni’fiʃəl] adj.有益的,有利的benefit [‘benifit] n.利益, 好处；v.有益于, 有助于betray [bi’trei] vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露bewilder [bi’wildə] v.迷惑, 不知所措bias [‘baiəs] n.偏见, 偏爱bibliography [bibli’ɔgrəfi] n.书目, 参考书目bite [bait] n.& v.咬, 刺痛bitter [‘bitə] adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的blame [bleim] n.过失, 责备；vt.责备, 谴责blank [blæŋk] n.空白；adj.空白的, 空着的blast [blɑ:st] n.一阵(风), 一股(气流), 爆炸, 冲击波blaze [bleiz] n.火焰, 光辉；v.燃烧, 照耀bleak [bli:k] adj.寒冷的, 荒凉的, 凄凉的bloom [blu:m] n.花；v.开花, 繁盛blossom [‘blɔsɔm] n.花, 花开的状态；v.开花, 兴旺, 发展blunder [‘blʌndə] n.大错, 失误；v. 犯大错, 做错blunt [blʌnt] adj.钝的, 生硬的blush [blʌʃ] v.脸红, 羞愧bold [bəuld] adj.大胆的boom [bu:m] n.繁荣, 隆隆声；v.暴涨，繁荣boost [bu:st] v.推进bother [‘bɔðə] v.烦扰, 打扰bound [baund] n.& v.跃进, 跳；adj.被束缚的breakdown [‘breikdaun] n.崩溃, 衰弱breed [bri:d] v.繁殖, 教养, 抚养bribe [braib] n.& v.贿赂brisk [brisk] adj.轻快的, 活泼的bruise [bru:z] n.瘀伤, 擦伤brutal [‘bru:tl] adj.残忍的, 兽性的budget [‘bʌdʒit] n.预算；v.做预算, 编入预算bump [bʌmp] n.撞击, 肿块；v.碰(伤), 撞(破)burial [‘beriəl] n.埋葬burst [bə:st] n.& v.爆裂, 炸破, 爆发campaign [kæm’pein] n.运动，竞选活动capacity [kə’pæsiti] n.容量,才能, 能力captive [‘kæptiv] n.俘虏；adj.被俘的, 被迷住的car-pooln.多人〔同一目的地〕乘坐同一辆汽车并分担费用carve [kɑ:v] v.雕刻, 切开case [keis] n.事, 案例, 情形, 场合casualty [‘kæʒjuəlti] n.伤亡category英['kætɪg(ə)rɪ]美['kætəɡɔri]n.种类cater [‘keitə] v. 投合，满足(需要)caution [‘kɔ:ʃən] n.小心, 谨慎, 警告cautious [‘kɔ:ʃəs] adj.谨慎的, 小心的cement [ si’ment ] n.水泥, 接合剂ceremony [ ‘seriməni ] n.典礼, 仪式certain [‘sə:tən]adj.确定的, 某一个, 无疑的；pron.某几个, 某些certainty [‘sə:tənti] n.确定, 确实的事情certify [‘sə:tifai] v.证明, 保证challenge [‘tʃælindʒ] n.& v.挑战change [tʃeindʒ] n.改变, 变化, 找回的零钱；v.改变,变化chaos [‘ keiɔs] n.混乱, 混沌characteristic [,kæriktə’ristik] n.特性, 特征；adj.特有的, 表示特性的characterize [‘kærɪktəraɪz] vt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n.费用；v.索价，控告charity [‘tʃæriti] n.慈善, 施舍, 慈善团体charm [tʃɑ:m] n.吸引力, 魔力, 魅力charter [‘tʃɑ:tə] n.宪章chat [tʃæt] n.& v.聊天cheat [tʃi:t] n.& v.欺骗, 骗取，作弊cherish [‘tʃeriʃ] v.珍爱, 怀抱chronic [‘krɔnik] adj.慢性的, 延续很长的circulation [,sə:kju’leiʃən] n.循环, 流通circus [‘sə:kəs] n.马戏团, 杂技团cite [sait] v.引用, 引证claim [kleim]n.要求, 主X；v.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称，主Xclarity [‘klæriti] n.清楚, 透明clash [klæʃ]n.冲突, 撞击声, 抵触；v.(使)发出撞击声, 猛撞, 冲突classic [‘klæsik] n.杰作, 名著；adj.第一流的，经典的classify [‘klæsifai] v.分类, 分等clearance [‘kliərəns] n.清除climax [‘klaimæks] n.高潮, 顶点cling [kliŋ] vi.粘紧, 附着, 坚持clutch [klʌtʃ] v.抓住, 攫住coherent [kəu’hiərənt] adj.粘在一起的, 一致的, 连贯的coincide [,kəuin’said] v.一致, 符合coincidence [kəu’insidəns] n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在的事collaboration [kə,læbə’reiʃən] n.协作, 通敌collected [kə’lektid] adj.收集成的, 冷静的, 镇定的collide [kə’laid] vi.碰撞, 抵触combat [‘kɔmbət] n.& v.战斗, 格斗comedy [‘kɔmidi] n.喜剧comfortable [‘kʌmfətəbl] adj.舒适的commemorate [kə’meməreit] v.纪念commence [kə’mens] v.开始, 着手commend [kə’mend] v.称赞, 表扬, 推荐comment [‘kɔment] n.& v.注释, 评论commentary [‘kɔməntəri] n.注释, 解说词commodity [kə’mɔditi] n.日用品commonplace [‘kɔmənpleis] n.平凡的事compact [‘kɒ〔美ɑ〕mpækt] n.契约, 合同；adj.紧凑的, 紧密的comparable [‘kɔmpərəbl] adj.可比较的, 比得上的comparative [kəm’pærətiv] adj.比较的, 相当的compare [kəm’pe〔美ɛ〕ə] v.比较, 相比, 比喻compass [‘kʌmpəs] n.指南针compatible [kəm’pætəbl] adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的compensate [‘kɔmpənseit] v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬compete [kəm’pi:t] v.比赛, 竞争competence [‘kɒ〔美ɑ〕mpətəns] n.能力competitive [kəm’petitiv] adj.竞争的compile [kəm’pail] v.编译, 编辑, 汇编complement [‘kɔmplimənt] n.补足物；v.补足complete [kəm’pli:t] v.完成；adj.全部的, 完全的, 完成的completely [kəm’pli:tlɪ] adv.十分, 完全地complication [,kɔmpli’keiʃ(ə)n] n.复杂，并发症compliment [‘kɔmplimənt] n.& v. 称赞, 恭维comply [kəm’plai] v.顺从, 答应, 遵守composite [‘kɔmpəzit, -zait] n.合成物；adj.合成的, 复合的comprehensively [,kɔmpri’hensivlɪ] adv.包括地compress [kəm’pres] v.压缩, 摘要叙述comprise [kəm’praɪz] v.包含, 由...组成compromise [‘kɔmprəmaiz] v & n.妥协compulsory [kəm’pʌlsəri] adj. 必修的, 被强迫的, 义务的concede [kən’si:d] v.勉强, 承认, 让步conceive [kən’si:v] v.构思，设想conception [kən’sepʃən] n.观念, 概念concern [kən’sə:n] vt.涉与, 关系到，关注concession [kən’seʃən] n.让步concise [kən’sais] adj.简明的, 简练的confer [kən’fə:] v.授予，协议，协商confident [‘kɔnfidənt] adj.自信的, 确信的confidential [kɔnfi’denʃəl] adj.秘密的, XX的configuration [kən,figju’reiʃən] n.构造, 配置, 外形confirm [kən’fə:m] v.确定, 批准, 确认，巩固conform [kən’fɔ:m] v.一致, 遵守, 符合confront [kən’frʌnt] v.使面临, 对抗confuse [kən’fju:z] v.搞乱, 使糊涂confusion [kən’fju:ʒən] n.混乱, 混淆conquer [‘kɔŋkə] v.征服，克服conscientious [,kɔnʃi’enʃəs] adj.尽责的consequent [‘kɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的consequently [‘kɒ〔美ɑ〕nsɪkwəntlɪ] adv.从而, 因此conservative [kən’sə:vətiv] adj.保守的, 守旧的conserve [kən’sə:v] v.保存, 保藏consider [kən’sidə] v.考虑, 照顾, 认为considerable [kən’sidərəbl] adj. 值得考虑的, 相当可观的considerate [kən’sidərit] adj.考虑周到的consistent [kən'sistənt] adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的consistently [kən'sistəntlɪ] adv.一贯地，始终如一地consolidate [kən'sɔlideit] v.巩固conspicuous [kən'spikjuəs] adj.显著的constantly [‘kɒ〔美ɑ〕nstəntlɪ] adv.不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地constrain [kən'strein] v.强迫, 抑制, 拘束consult [kən'sʌlt] v.商量, 请教, 参考consume [kən'sju:m] v.消耗, 消费, 消灭consumer [kən'sju:mə] n.消费者contain [kən'tein] v.包含, 容纳, 容忍contemplate [‘kɔntempleit] v.凝视, 沉思, 预期contempt [kən'tempt] n.轻视, 轻蔑, 不尊敬contend [kən'tend] v.斗争, 竞争, 主Xcontent [kən’tent] n.内容, 目录，容量continual [kən'tinjuəl] adj.连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的continuous [kən'tinjuəs] adj.连续的, 持续的contradict [kɔntrə'dikt] v.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contrary [‘kɔntrəri] n.相反；adj.相反的, 逆的contrast [‘kɔntræst] n.& v.对比, 对照contribute [kən'tribju:t] v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献contribution [,kɔntri'bju:ʃən] n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿contrive [kən'traiv] v.发明, 设计, 图谋controversial [,kɔntrə'və:ʃəl] adj.争论的, 争议的convenient [kən’vi:njənt] adj.便利的, 方便的converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合, 集中于一点convert [kən’və:t] v.转变, 改变convict [‘kɔnvikt] n.罪犯；v.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪cooperative [kəu’ɔpərətiv] adj.合作的, 协力的coordinate [kəu’ɔ:dinit] v.调整, 整理correct [kə’rekt] v.改正, 纠正；adj.正确的, 恰当的correlate [‘kɔrileit] v.相互关联correspondence [,kɔris’pɔndəns] n.相应, 通信, 信件corrode [kə’rəud] v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀corrupt [kə’rʌpt] v.腐烂；adj.腐败的, 贪污的cosmic [‘kɔzmik] adj.宇宙的counsel [‘kaunsəl] n.讨论, 商议, 律师counterpart [‘kauntəpɑ:t] n.副本, 极相似的人或物, 配对物counting [‘kauntiŋ] n.计算courage [‘kʌridʒ] n.勇气, 精神course [kɔ:s] n.过程, 课程, 一道菜courtesy [‘kə:tisi, ‘kɔ:-] n.谦恭, 允许, 礼貌coward [‘kauəd] n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人crash [kræʃ] n.& v. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁creation [kri’eiʃən] n.创造, 创作物crime [kraim] n.犯罪, 犯罪行为crisis [‘kraisis] n. 危机, 危险期, 紧要关头criterion [krai'tiəriən] n.标准, 规Xcrucial [‘kru:ʃiəl] adj.至关紧要的crude [kru:d] adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的cruise [kru:z] n.& v.巡游, 巡航culminate [‘kʌlmineit] v.达到顶点cultivate [‘kʌltiveit] v.培养, 耕作cumulative [‘kju:mjulətiv] adj.累积的curiosity [,kjuəri’ɔsiti] n.好奇心curious [‘kjuəriəs] adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的currency [‘kʌrənsi] n.流通curriculum [kə'rikjuləm] n.课程curse [ kə:s ] v.诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸customary [‘kʌstəməri] adj.习惯的, 惯例的cynical [‘sinikəl] adj.愤世嫉俗的damage [‘dæmidʒ] n.& v.损害, 伤害dazzle [‘dæzl] v.迷惑, 眩耀deadly [‘dedli] adj.致命的, 势不两立的debate [di’beit] n.& v.争论, 辩论decent [‘di:snt] adj.正派的, 端庄的,得体的decimal [‘desiməl] adj.十进的, 小数的decision [di'siʒən] n.决定, 决心, 结果decisive [di'saisiv] adj.决定性的decline [di'klain] v.下倾, 下降, 下垂decrease [di:'kri:s] n.& v. 减少dedicate [‘dedikeit] v.献(身), 致力deem [di:m] v.认为, 相信deficiency [di'fiʃənsi] n.缺乏, 不足deficit [‘defisit] n.赤字, 不足额defy [di'fai] v.不服从, 公然反抗, 挑衅degenerate [di'dʒenəreit] v.退化degrade [di’g reid] v.降级, 堕落, 退化delay [di'lei] n.& v.耽搁, 延迟, 延期deliberate [di'libəreit] adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的delicate [‘delikit] adj.精巧的, 精致的deliver [di'livə] v.递送, 陈述, 发表demand [di'mɑ:nd] v.要求, 需要demonstrate [‘demənstreit] v.示X，证明，论证denial [di'naiəl] n.否认, 否定, 拒绝denote [di'nəut] v.指示, 表示denounce [di'nauns] v.公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责dense [dens] adj.密集的, 浓厚的deny [di'nai] v.否认, 拒绝depict [di'pikt] v.描述, 描写depression [di'preʃən] n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压deprive [di'praiv] v.剥夺, 使丧失depute [di'pju:t] v.委托descendant [dɪ'send(ə)nt] n.子孙, 后裔, 后代descent [di'sent] n.降下, 降落, 世系desert [di'zə:t] n.沙漠；v.放弃, 遗弃desire [di'zaiə] n.愿望；v.想望, 期望,要求despise [dis'paiz] v.轻视destroy [dis'trɔi] v.破坏, 毁坏, 消灭destructive [dis'trʌktiv] adj.破坏(性)的detach [di'tætʃ] v.分开, 分遣, 派遣(军队)deteriorate [di'tiəriəreit] v.恶化determination [di,tə:mi'neiʃən] n.决心, 果断devote [di’vəut] v.投入于, 献身diagnose [‘daiəgnəuz] v.诊断diagram [‘daiəgræm] n.图表differ [‘difə] v.不一致, 不同diffuse [di’fju:z] v.散播, 传播, 漫射；adj.散开的, 弥漫的dignity [‘digniti] n.尊严, 高贵dilemma [di’lemə, dai-] n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择diminish [di’miniʃ] v.减少, 变小direction [di’rekʃən, dai’rekʃən] n.方向, 指导, 说明(书) disable [dis’eibl] v.残废, 失去能力disastrous [di’zɑ:strəs] adj.损失惨重的, 悲伤的discern [di’sə:n] v.目睹, 洞悉, 辨别discrete [dis’kri:t] adj.不连续的, 离散的discriminate [dis’krimineit] v.歧视, 区别, 区别待遇disguise [dis’g aiz] n.伪装；v.假装, 伪装dislike [dis’laik] n.& v.讨厌, 不喜欢dismay [dis’mei] n.沮丧, 惊慌dispatch [dis’pætʃ] n.急件；v.分派, 派遣disperse [dis’pə:s] v.分散, 散开, 疏散dispose [dis’pəuz] v.处理, 处置, 销毁disposition [dispə’ziʃən] n.部署dispute [dis’pju:t] n.& v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑disregard [,disri’gɑ:d] n.& v.漠视, 忽视distance [‘distəns] n.远离, 一长段时间, 远方distinguish [dis’tiŋgwiʃ] v.区别，分辨distort [dis’tɔ:t] v.扭曲, 歪曲distract [dis’trækt] v.转移disturb [dis’tə:b] v.弄乱, 打扰, 扰乱diversion [dai’və:ʃən] n.转移, 转换, 牵制divert [di’və:t] v.转移, 转向, 使高兴dizzy [‘dizi] adj.晕眩的, 昏乱的doctrine [‘dɔktrin] n.教条, 学说document [‘dɔkjumənt] n.文献，文档，档案dominant [‘dɔminənt] adj.有统治权的, 占优势的, 显性的dominate [‘dɔmineit] v.支配, 占优势donate [dəu’neit] v.捐赠, 赠予doom [du:m] n.厄运, 毁灭, 世末日drastic [‘dræstik] adj.激烈的, 猛烈的draw [drɔ:] v. 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制drawback [‘drɔ:,bæk] n.缺点, 障碍, 退税，弊端dreadful [‘dredful] adj.可怕的, 讨厌的drop [drɔp] v.滴下, 落下, 下降drought [draut] n.干旱, 缺乏dual [‘dju(:)əl] adj.双的, 二重的, 双重dubious [‘dju:bjəs] adj.可疑的, 不确定的duplicate [‘dju:plikeit] v.复制 adj.复制的，双重的dwell [dwel] v.居住, 踌躇eccentric [ik’sentrik] n.行为古怪的人；adj.古怪echo [‘ekəu] n.回声，回音 v.回响eclipse [i’klips] n.日蚀, 月蚀edge [edʒ] n.刀口, 利刃, 边缘,优势edible [‘edibl] adj.可食用的editorial [edi’tɔ:riəl] n.社论educate [‘edju(:)keit] v.教育, 训练, 培养effect [i’fekt] n.结果, 效果, 作用effective [i’fektiv] adj.有效的, 被实施的efficient [i’fiʃənt] adj.生效的, 有效率的, 能干的eject [ɪ’dʒekt] v.撵出, 驱逐, 喷射elapse [ɪ’læps] v.过去, 消逝，流逝elegant [‘eligənt] adj.文雅的, 雅致的elevate [‘eliveit] v.举起, 提拔, 振奋elicit [i’lisit] v.得出, 引出, 引起eligible [‘elidʒəbl] adj.符合条件的, 合格的eliminate [i’limineit] v.消除elite [eɪ’li:t] n.精华, 精英，中坚分子eloquent [‘eləkwənt] adj.雄辩的, 有口才的embark [im’bɑ:k] v.上船, 上飞机, 从事embody [im’bɔdi] v.具体表达, 具体化, 包含emotion [i’məuʃən] n.情绪, 情感, 感情emphasize [‘emfəsaɪz] v.强调, 着重empirical [em’pirikəl] adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的employ [im’plɔi] v.雇用, 使用endeavor [in’devə] n.& v. 努力, 尽力endow [in’dau] v.捐赠, 赋予endurance [in’djurəns] n.忍耐(力), 持久(力)endure [in’djuə] v.耐久, 忍耐energetic [,enə’dʒetik] adj.精力充沛的, 积极的engagement [in’g eidʒmənt] n.约会, 婚约, 诺言enhance [in’hɑ:ns] v.提高, 增强enlightened [ɪn’laɪt(ə)nd] v.启迪；adj.文明enormous [i’nɔ:məs] adj.巨大的, 庞大的enroll [ɪn’rəʊl] v.登记, 招收ensure [in’ʃuə] v.保证, 担保, 确保entertainment [entə’teinmənt] n.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演enthusiastic [in,θju:zi’æstik] adj.热心的, 热情的entitle [in’taitl] v.给...权利(或资格), 授权epidemic [epi’demik] adj.流行的，传染的episode [‘episəud] n.一段情节, 插曲epoch [‘i:pɔk, ‘epɔk] n.新纪元, 时代equal [‘i:kwəl] adj.相等的, 均等的equivalent [i’kwivələnt] adj.相等的, 等量的erect [i’rekt] v.竖立, 树立, 建立erupt [i’rʌpt] v.喷出，爆发escort [is’kɔ:t] n.& v.护卫, 护送essence [‘esns] n.基本, 本质, 精华essentially [ɪ’senʃəlɪ] adv.本质上, 本来estate [i’steit] n.不动产, 阶层, 财产esthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.感觉的eternal [i(:)’tə:nl] adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的ethnic [‘eθnik] adj.人种的, 种族的event [i’vent] n.事件, 事变, 活动, 竞赛evoke [i’vəuk] v.唤起, 引起, 博得exaggerate [i g’zædʒəreit] v.夸大, 夸Xexception [ik’sepʃən] n.例外, 反对, 异议excess [ik’ses, ‘ekses] n.过度, 超过，过量excessive [ik’sesiv] adj.过多的, 过分的exchange [iks’tʃeindʒ] v.交换, 兑换, 交流exclusive [iks’klu:siv] adj.排外的, 独占的, 唯一的exclusively [ɪk’sklu:sɪvlɪ] adv.排外地, 专有地execution [,eksi’kju:ʃən] n.实行, 执行, 死刑exemplify [ig,zemplifi’keiʃən] n.例证, X例exhaust [i g’zɔ:st] v.用尽, 耗尽, 精疲力尽exhibition [,eksi’biʃən] n.表现, 展览会, 展览品exile [‘eksail, ‘egz-] n.放逐, 被放逐者；v.放逐, 流放expand [iks’pænd] v.膨胀, 详述, 扩Xexpansion [iks’pænʃən] n.扩充, 膨胀, 扩X物expansive [iks’pænsiv] adj.易膨胀的, 易扩X的, 广阔的expedition [,ekspi’diʃən] n.远征, 探险队, 派遣expel [iks’pel] v.驱逐, 排出, 发射expenditure [iks’penditʃə] n.支出, 花费expense [ɪk’spens] n.费用, 代价, 开支expensive [iks’pensiv] adj.花费的, 昂贵的expire [iks’paiə, eks-] v.终止, 到期explicit [iks’plisit] adj.外在的, 清楚的, 直率的exposition [,ekspə’ziʃən] n.博览会, 说明, 曝露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.暴露, 暴光, 揭露exquisite [‘ekskwizit] adj.精致的, 细腻的, 敏锐的extend [iks’tend] v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展extension [iks’tenʃən] n.延长, 扩充, X围extensive [iks’tensiv] adj.广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的extent [iks’tent] n. X围, 程度extinct [iks’tiŋkt] adj.熄灭的, 灭绝的, 耗尽的extinguish [iks’tiŋgwiʃ] v.熄灭, 消灭, 压制extra [‘ekstrə] adj.额外的；adv.特别地；extract [iks’trækt] n. 摘录；v.拔出, 榨取extravagant [iks’trævəgənt] adj.奢侈的, 浪费的, 过分的extremely [iks’tri:mli] adv.极端地, 非常地fabricate [‘fæbrikeit] v.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.容易, 增长faith [feiθ] n.信念, 信仰, 忠实fame [feim] n.名声, 名望fantastic [fæn’tæstik] adj.幻想的, 奇异的, 稀奇古怪的fascinate [‘fæsineit] v.着迷, 神魂颠倒favor [‘feivə] n.好感,厚爱favorite [‘feivərit] n.特别喜欢的人(或物)；adj.喜爱的, 中意的feast [fi:st] n.节日, 盛宴, 筵席feature [‘fi:tʃə] n.特征, 容貌, 特色feeble [‘fi:bl] adj.虚弱的, 微弱的ferocious [fə’rəuʃəs] adj.凶猛的，凶恶的fill [fil] v.装满, 注满, 盛满finite [‘fainait] adj.有限的, 有穷的, 限定的fixed [fikst] adj.固定的, 确定的flap [flæp] n.& v. 拍打, 拍动flare [fle〔美ɛ〕ə] v. 闪耀，闪亮flat [flæt] adj.平坦的, 扁平的, 单调的flatter [‘flætə] v.过分夸赞, 奉承, 阿谀flaw [flɔ:] n.缺点, 裂纹, 瑕疵fling [fliŋ] v.猛投, 抛, 掷flourish [‘flʌriʃ] v.兴盛，繁荣，蓬勃发展flow [fləu] v.流动, 涌流, 川流不息fluctuate [‘flʌktjueit] v.变动, 波动, 涨落fluent [‘flu(:)ənt] adj.流利的, 流畅的flush [flʌʃ] v.(脸)发红, 奔涌,奔流flutter [‘flʌtə] v.鼓翼, 飘动, 悸动forceful [‘fɔ:sful] adj.有力的, 有说服力的foresee [fɔ:’si:] v.预见, 预知format [‘fɔ:mæt, -mɑ:t] n. 形式, 格式；v.格式化forum [‘fɔ:rəm] n. 论坛, 法庭, 讨论会foster [‘fɔstə] v.养育, 抚育, 培养fracture [‘fræktʃə] n.破裂, 骨折；v.破碎, 破裂fragile [‘frædʒail] adj.易碎的, 脆的fresh [freʃ] adj.新鲜的, 无经验的, 生的frustrate [frʌs’treit] v.挫败, 阻挠, 感到灰心fuel [fjuəl] n.燃料 v.添加燃料，助长fulfill [ful’fil] v.履行, 实现, 完成fully [‘fuli] adv.充分地, 完全地fundamentally [fʌndə’mentəlɪ] adv.基础地, 根本地furious [‘fjuəriəs] adj.狂怒的, 狂______暴的furnish [‘fə:niʃ] v.供应, 装备, 布置fuss [fʌs] n.忙乱, 吹捧；v.忙乱gain [gein] n.& v.增加, 增进, 获得gap [gæp] n.裂口, 差距, 隔阂gasp [gɑ:sp] v.喘息, 气喘gather [‘gæðə] v.集合, 聚集generalize [‘dʒenərəlaiz] v.归纳, 概括, 推广generate [‘dʒenə,reit] v.产生, 发生generous [‘dʒenərəs] adj.慷慨的, 大方的, 有雅量的genetic [‘dʒenə,tik] adj. 遗传的，起源的genuine [‘dʒenjuin] adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的gigantic [dʒai’gæntik] adj.巨人般的, 巨大的glare [gle〔美ɛ〕ə] n.& v. 瞪眼gleam [gli:m] n.微光；v.闪烁, 发微光glide [glaid] n.滑行；v.滑动，消逝glimpse [glimps] n.一瞥, 一看；v.瞥见glitter [‘g litə] n.闪光；v.闪闪发光gloomy [‘g lu:mi] adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的gorgeous [‘gɔ:dʒəs] adj.华丽的, 灿烂的gossip [‘gɔsip] n.闲话, 闲谈grab [græb] v.抢夺, 攫取, 夺取gracious [‘g reiʃəs] adj.亲切的, 高尚的gradually ['grædʒʊəli] adv.逐渐地grant [grɑ:nt] v.同意, 准予grasp [grɑ:sp] n.& v. 抓住, 抓紧, 掌握graze [greiz] v.放牧, 吃草grease [gri:s] n.油脂，脂肪grief [gri:f] n.悲痛, 不幸, 忧伤grieve [gri:v] v.悲痛, 伤心, 忧伤grin [grin] n.& v.露齿笑groan [grəun] n.& v. 呻吟, 叹息grope [grəup] n.& v.摸索growth [grəuθ] n.生长, 栽培, 发育guarantee [,gærən’ti:] n.保证, 保证书guide [gaɪd] n.导游者, 指南；v.指导, 任向导guilty [‘g ilti] adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的hamper [‘hæmpə] v.妨碍, 牵制handicap [‘hændikæp] n.& v.障碍, 阻碍harsh [hɑ:ʃ] adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的hasty [‘heisti] adj.匆忙的, 草率的haul [hɔ:l] v.拖运, 拉haunt [hɔ:nt] v.出没，萦绕heal [hi:l] v.治愈, 医治, 结束heavily [‘hevili] adv.很重地, 沉重地heighten [‘haitn] v.提高, 升高heir [e〔美ɛ〕ə] n.继承人, 后嗣herald [‘herəld] v.预告，作先锋heritage [‘heritidʒ] n.遗产, 继承权, 传统hierarchy [‘haiərɑ:ki] n.层次,层级hinder [‘hində] v.阻碍, 打扰；adj.后面的historic [his’tɔrik] adj.历史上著名的, 有历史性的hollow [‘hɔləu] adj.空的,空洞的homogeneous [,hɔməu’dʒi:njəs] adj.同类的, 相似的, 均匀的hospitality [,hɔspi’tæliti] n.好客, 盛情hostage [‘hɔstidʒ] n.人质, 抵押品hostile [‘hɔstail] adj.敌对的，有敌意的hover [‘hɔvə] v.盘旋humanity [hju(:)’mæniti] n.人性, 人类, 博爱humidity [hju:’miditi] n.湿气, 潮湿, 湿度hurl [hə:l] v.猛投, 猛掷hurt [hə:t] n.& v.刺痛, 伤害, 伤痛hypothesis [hai’pɔθisis] n.假设hysterical [his’terikəl] adj.歇斯底里的, 异常兴奋的identification [ai,dentifi’keiʃən] n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明identity [ai’dentiti] n.身份, 一致, 特性ideology [,aidi’ɔlədʒi, id-] n.意识形态idleness [‘aidlnis] n.闲散, 懒惰, 赋闲无事ignite [i g’nait] v.点火, 点燃ignorance [‘ignərəns] n.无知, 不知ignore [i g’nɔ:] v.不理睬, 忽视illuminate [i’lju:mineit] v.照明, 照亮, 阐明illusion [i’lu:ʒən, i’lju:-] n.幻想imaginative [i’mædʒinətiv] adj.想象的, 虚构的imitation [imi’teiʃən] n.模仿, 冒充, 赝品immense [i’mens] adj.巨大的immerse [i’mə:s] v.沉浸, 使陷入imminent [‘iminənt] adj.迫近的，即将发生的immune [i’mju:n] adj.免疫的impact [‘impækt] n.& v.碰撞, 冲击，影响impart [im’pɑ:t] v.给予, 传授, 告知imperative [im’perətiv] adj.命令的, 强制的, 紧急的implement [‘implimənt] n.工具, 器具；v.贯彻, 执行implicit [im’plisit] adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 固有的, 绝对的imply [im’plai] vt.暗示, 意味impose [im’pəuz] v.征税, 强加impress [im’pres] v. 盖印, 留下印象impression [im’preʃən] n.印象, 感想, 压痕impulse [‘impʌls] n.推动, 刺激, 冲动inability [inə’biliti] n.无能, 无力inaugural [i’nɔ:gjurəl] adj.就职的 n.就职演说incapable [in’keipəbl] adj.无能力的, 不能的incentive [in’sentiv] n.动机；adj.激励的incident [‘insidənt] n.事件, 事变；adj.附带的, 易于发生的incidentally [ɪnsɪ’dentəlɪ] adv.附带地, 顺便提与incline [in’klain] n.倾斜, 斜坡；v.倾向, 倾斜include [in’ klu:d] v.包括, 包含inclusive [in’klu:siv] adj.包含的, 包括的incredible [in’kredəbl] adj.难以置信的indefinite [in’definit] adj.模糊的, 不确定的, 不定的indicative [in’dikətiv] adj.指示的, 预示的, 可表示的indifferently [in’difərəntlɪ] adv.冷淡地, 不关心地indignant [in’dignənt] adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的indispensable [,indis’pensəbl] adj.不可缺少的, 绝对必要的individual [,indi’vidjuəl] n.个人, 个体；adj.个别的, 单独的induce [in’dju:s] v.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起indulge [in’dʌldʒ] v.纵容inevitably [in’evitəblɪ] adv.不可避免infectious [in’fekʃəs] adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的inference [‘infərəns] n.推论infinite [‘infinit] adj.无穷的, 无限的, 极大的inflict [in’flikt] v.造成inform [in’fɔ:m] v. 通知, 告诉, 告知ingenious [in’dʒi:njəs] adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的ingredient [in’g ri:diənt] n.成分, 因素inhabit [in’hæbit] v.居住, 存在inhabitant [in’hæbitənt] n.居民, 居住者inhibit [in’hibit] v.抑制, 约束initiate [i’niʃieit] v.开始, 发动initiative [i’niʃiətiv] n.主动inject [in’dʒekt] v.注射, 注入injure [‘indʒə] v.损害, 伤害innovation [,inəu’veiʃən] n.改革, 创新innumerable [i’nju:mərəbl] adj.无数的, 数不清的inquire [in’kwaiə] v.询问, 问明, 查究insane [in’sein] adj.患精神病的, 精神病患者的insensible [in’sensəbl] adj.无知觉的, 无同情心的, 硬心肠的insert [in’sə:t] v.插入, 嵌入insight [‘insait] n.洞察力, 见识insignificant [,insi g’nifikənt] adj.无关紧要的, 无意义的inspiration [,inspə’reiʃən] n.灵感installment [in’stɔ:lmənt] n.部分instant [‘instənt] adj.立即的, 直接的, 方便的instantaneous [,instən’teinjəs] adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 即时的intact [in’tækt] adj.完好如初的intact [in’tækt] adj.完整无缺的, 尚未被人碰过的integrate [‘intigreit] v.使成整体,一体化,合integrity [in’tegriti] n.正直, 完整, 完整性intelligible [in’telidʒəbl] adj.可理解的intensify [in’tensifai] v.加强，强化intensive [in’tensiv] adj.强烈的, 精深的, 透彻的intent [in’tent] adj.专心的, 决心的, 热心的intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图, 目的interfere [,intə’fiə] v.干涉, 妨碍, 打扰interval [‘intəvəl] n.间隔, 距离intervene [,intə’vi:n] v.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入interview [‘intəvju:] n.& v.接见, 会见intimidate [in’timideit] v.胁迫intricate [‘intrikit] adj.复杂的, 错综的, 难以理解的intrigue [in’tri:g] n.阴谋, 诡计；v.密谋, 激起兴趣intrinsic [in’trinsik] adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的intuition [,intju(:)’iʃən] n.直觉, 直觉的知识invade [in’veid] v.侵略invaluable [in’væljuəbl] adj.无价的, 价值无法衡量的invariably [ɪn’veərɪəb(ə)lɪ] adv.不变地, 总是invert [in’və:t] v.颠倒, 转化involve [in’vɔlv] v.包括, 潜心, 陷于irrespective [,iris’pektiv] adj.不顾的, 不考虑的, 无关的irritate [‘iriteit] v.激怒, 急躁isolate [‘aisəleit] v.隔离, 孤立, 绝缘issue [‘isju:] n. 发行,问题；v.发行journalist [‘dʒə:nəlist] n.新闻记者, 从事新闻杂志业的人judge [dʒʌdʒ] n.法官, 裁判员；v.审理, 鉴定, 判断junction [‘dʒʌŋkʃən] n.连接, 接合, 交叉点justification [dʒʌstɪfɪ’keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 理由, 辩护, 释罪label [‘leibl] n.标签, 签条；v.贴标签于, 分类lack [læk] n.& v.缺乏, 没有lame [leim] adj.跛足的, 僵痛的lasting [‘lɑ:stiŋ] adj.持久的, 永久的latent [‘leitənt] adj.潜在的, 潜伏的, 隐藏的latitude [‘lætitju:d] n.纬度, X围latter [‘lætə] adj.后面的, 后者的, 较后的laziness [‘leizinis] n.怠惰, 无精打采lead [li:d] n.& v.领导, 引导，领先leaflet [‘li:flit] n.小叶, 传单leak [li:k] n.& v. 漏出, 泄漏legend [‘ledʒənd] n.传说, 图例legislation [,ledʒis’leiʃən] n.立法, 法律的制定length [l eŋθ] n.长度, 长,liability [,laiə’biliti] n.责任, 义务, 倾向liable [‘laiəbl] adj.有责任的, 有义务的, 有...倾向的liberal [‘libərəl] adj.慷慨的, 宽大的light [lait]n.光〔线〕，灯；v.点燃, 照亮；adj.轻的, 发光的likely [‘laikli] adj.很可能的, 合适的liking [‘laikiŋ] n.爱好, 嗜好limp [limp] v.跛行linger [‘liŋgə] v.逗留, 闲荡, 拖延literacy [‘litərəsi] n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力literal [‘litərəl] adj.文字的, 照字面上的litter [‘litə] n.垃圾，废物；v.乱丢lively [‘laivli] adj.活泼的, 活跃的, 真实的living [‘liviŋ] n.生活, 生计；adj.活的lodger [‘lɒ〔美ɑ〕dʒə(r)] n.寄宿者, 投宿者lofty [‘lɔ(:)fti] adj.高高的, 崇高的, 高傲的lonely [‘ləunli] adj.孤独的, 寂寞的, 偏僻的longitude [‘lɔndʒitju:d] n.经度, 经线lubricate [‘lu:brikeit] v.润滑,加润滑油luminous [‘lju:minəs] adj.发光的, 明亮的magnify [‘mæg nifai] v.放大, 扩大, 赞美magnitude [‘mæg nitju:d] n.大小, 数量, 巨大maintain [men’tein] v.维持, 维修, 主Xmanifest [‘mænifest] v.出现, 表明, 证明manipulate [mə’nipjuleit] v.操作, 操纵, 利用manually [‘mænjʊəlɪ] adv.用手manuscript [‘mænjuskript] n.手稿, 原稿mark [mɑ:k] n. 分数, 记号；v.做标记, 打分数massive [‘mæsiv] adj.厚重的, 大块的mechanism [‘mekənizəm] n.机械装置, 机构, 机制media [‘mi:djə] n.媒体mediate [‘mi:diit] v.仲裁, 调停menace [‘menəs] n.& v. 威胁, 恐吓merge [mə:dʒ] v.合并, 并入mess [mes] n.混乱, 脏乱metropolitan [metrə’pɒ〔美ɑ〕lɪt(ə)n] n.大城市；adj.首都的, 主要都市的migrate [mai’g reit] v.移往, 迁徙mild [maild] adj.温和的, 温柔的, 轻微的。

雅思写作高频词汇

雅思写作高频词汇高频形容词1.贫穷的poor=needy=impoverished=poverty=stricken2.富裕的rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off3.优秀的excellent=eminent=top=outstanding4.积极的，好的good=conductive=beneficial=advantageous5.消极的，不良的bad=conduction=baneful=undesirable6.明显的obvious= apparent=evident=manifest7.健康的healthy=robust=sound=wholesome8.惊人的surprising=amazing=extraordinary9.美丽的beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching10.有活力的energetic=dynamic=vigorous=animated11.流行的popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive高频动词1.提高，加强improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize2.引起cause=trigger=endanger3.解决solve=resolve=address=tackle=cope with=deal with4.培养develop=cultivate=foster=nurture5.拆除destroy=tear down=knock down=eradicate6.激发，鼓励encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur7.认为think=assert=hold8.完成complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve9.保留keep=preserve=retain=hold10.有害于destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize11.减轻ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten高频名词1.影响influence=impact2.危险danger=peril=hazards3.污染pollution=contamination4.人类human beings=mankind=human race5.老人old people=the old=the elderly=the aged=senior citizens6.幸福happiness=cheerfulness=well-being7.老师teacher=instructors=educators=lecturers8.教育education=schooling=family parenting=upbringing9.青少年young people=youngsters=youths=adolescents10.优点advantage=merits=superiority=virtue11.责任responsibility=obligation=duty=liability12.能力ability=capacity=powers=skill13.职业job=career=employment=profession14.娱乐enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment15.孩子children=offspring=descendant=kid高频短语1.充满了be filled with=be awash with=be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with2.努力struggle for=aspire after=strive for=spare no efforts for3.从事embark on=take up=set about=go in for4.在当代in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day age5.大量的a host of=a multitude of= a vast number of= a vast amount of。

雅思小作文上升下降词汇

雅思小作文上升下降词汇英文回答：Introductory Paragraph.In various spheres of life, we often observe fluctuations in various aspects, such as economic trends, academic performance, or even personal emotions. These fluctuations can be denoted through a range of vocabulary terms that effectively capture the essence of the rise and fall patterns observed.Body Paragraph 1。

When describing an upward trend, commonly used terms include "increase," "rise," and "ascend." "Increase" signifies a general growth in quantity or intensity, as in "the company's profits increased significantly." "Rise" conveys a more explicit sense of vertical movement, such as "the stock market rose by 5%." "Ascend" denotes a gradualbut steady upward trajectory, as in "the temperature ascended slowly throughout the day."Body Paragraph 2。

雅思写作词的替换词来源

1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous:5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prent = pervasive★高频动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5.培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★高频名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子：children = Offspring = descendant = kid★高频短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark in = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host f = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of。

【最新】雅思写作小作文必学词语-范文word版 (2页)

【最新】雅思写作小作文必学词语-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思写作小作文必学词语下面雅思为大家整理了雅思写作小作文必学词语，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。

1. 与趋势有关的词语：上升： increase ， rise ， climb ， ascend ， surge ， shoot up下降： decrease ， decline ， drop ， fall ， descend ， plunge持平： remain stable ， keep constant ， level off ， flatten out波动： fluctuate ， wave ， go up and down快速： considerable / considerably ， significant /significantly ， substantial / substantially ， remarkable / remarkably ， dramatic / dramatically稳步： steady / steadily ， stable / stably ， moderate / moderately ， modest / modestly缓慢： slight / slightly ， minimal / minimally ， marginal / marginally顶点： peak趋势： trend / tendency2. 与大小相关的词语：Outnumber ：在数量上超过 The demonstrators were outnumbered by the policeExceed ：在数量上超过Triple ：变成三倍 The figure has tripled .。

雅思小作文中的常见表达词汇

雅思小作文中的常见表达词汇雅思小作文中局部考试题型是比拟固定的，大家可以根据考试题型来进行备考。

接下来为大家带来了雅思写作小作文常用词汇盘点内容，一起来看看~1.雅思小作文趋势类词汇上升动词类：increase, go up, rise up, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency.下降动词类：decrease, go down, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically 急剧地上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类：fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2.雅思极值类词汇和表达最高点：reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点：reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占的最多：occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/pe rcentage of …占的最少：occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of …3.雅思倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4.开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows…后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from…后面跟图表的类型It can be seen from …后面跟图表的类型…that It is manifest from…后面跟图表的类型… that 表示上升的动词Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) , 其中rise和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth 表示急剧上升的动词Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared) 其中surge也可以做名词表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常做名词表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge表示速度快的形容词Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加-ly表示幅度大的形容词Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加-ly表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加-ly表示小幅度的形容词Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加-ly表示波动的动词Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词fluctuation表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at表示到达最高的动词Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词表示到达最低的动词Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/ witness/ see表示到达了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组Account for/ represent / constitute / make up表示数据由某几个局部组成的既无动词或者词组A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 区别表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/ predict / forecast表示分别的副词Respectively—in the Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively表示大约的副词或者词组About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under。

雅思写作单词

写作词汇∙Environment n.环境∙Pollution n.污染∙fossil fuel矿物燃料∙alleviate v.减轻∙ecological adj.生态的∙worsen v.恶化∙extinction n.消灭，灭绝∙sewage n.污水∙disposable adj.一次性使用的∙harness v.利用∙be in short supply供应不足∙exploitation v.剥削∙deforestation n.森林砍伐∙renewable adj.可更新的∙ameliorate v.改善，改良∙sprawl n.城市无计划地扩张∙ruin v.破坏，毁掉∙biodegradable adj.可降解的∙the ozone layer臭氧层∙discharge v.流出，放出∙vulnerable adj.易受伤害的∙packaging n.包装∙blameworthy adj.该受责备的∙life-sustaining adj.维系生命的∙preserve v.保存，保护∙priority n.优先权，重点∙isolatev.使隔离，使孤立，使脱离∙popularityn.名声；流行，受大众欢迎∙advocatev.拥护；主张；提倡；鼓吹；认同∙drawbackn.缺陷；障碍∙geographical barrier地域上的障碍∙Internet-addictedadj.有网瘾的∙unsociableadj.不好交际的，不合群的∙cyber crime网络犯罪∙inflictv.施加∙widespreadadj.分布广泛的，普遍的∙plaguen.灾祸，麻烦；瘟疫∙cutting-edgeadj.前沿的；尖端的∙adventn.出现；到来∙sedentaryadj.久坐的，坐惯的∙exoticadj.异国的，外来的∙decodev.解码；译解∙complementn.补充∙instillv.逐渐灌输∙impartv.给予，传授∙inculcationn.谆谆教诲∙cultivatev.培养∙motivatev.激发∙stimulatev.激励，刺激∙appraisev.评价，鉴定∙perspectiven.前途∙acquirev.获得，学到∙academicadj.学术的，学院的∙well-bredadj.有教养的∙distinguishv.区别∙disciplinen.纪律∙intellectualadj.智力的∙intelligencen.智力，理解力∙potentialadj.潜力∙nurturev.养育，培育∙sprawln.城市无计划地扩张∙deforestationn.森林砍伐∙dischargev.流出，放出∙amelioratev.改善，改良∙alleviatev.减轻∙。

雅思写作常用词汇整理

雅思写作常用词汇整理雅思写作常用词汇整理雅思写作常用词汇1、雅思小作文趋势类词汇上升动词类：increase、 go up、 rise up、 grow up、 jump up、surge、 shoot up、 keep an upward tendency;下降动词类：decrease、go down、decline、fall down、drop、 sink、 dip、 keep a downward tendency;波动动词类：fluctuate;持平动词类：remain the same、stabilize、remain stable、remain constant;修饰动词的副词：slightly轻微地，slowly缓慢地，gradually逐渐地，steadily稳定地，rapidly迅速地，moderately温和地，轻微地，significantly明显地，sharply明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically急剧地;上升名词类：increase、 rise、 growth、 jump、 surge;下降名词类：decrease、 decline、 fall、 reduction、 drop;波动名词类：fluctuation;修饰名词的形容词：slight、slow、gradual、steady、rapid、moderate、 significant、 sharp、 dramatic、 drastic;常用雅思写作词汇2、雅思值类词汇和表达高点：reach the peak/top/highest point;Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase);低点：reach the bottom/lowest point;drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop);占的多：occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of;占的少：occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallestproportion/number/percentage of;常用雅思作文词汇3、雅思倍数的表达方式Double是两倍/大一倍;Increase/decrease three times增长/减少了三倍;常用雅思作文词汇4、开头段转述题目常用句型The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ show s…后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型;According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from…后面跟图表的类型;It can be seen from…后面跟图表的类型;that It is manifest from…后面跟图表的类型;that表示上升的动词;Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) 、其中rise和increase也经常作名词、grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词;Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared)其中surge也可以做名词;表示下降的动词Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend、其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常做名词;表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/ plunge;表示速度快的形容词Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep副词加-ly;表示幅度大的形容词Marked/ substantial / significant、副词加-ly;表示缓慢、逐渐的形容词Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow、副词加-ly;表示小幅度的形容词Modest/ moderate/ slight、副词加-ly;表示波动的动词Fluctuate、不及物动词、名词fluctuation;表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Level off at/ level out at/ hoverat/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at;表示达到很高的动词Peak at/ reach the highest point at 、peak也可以做名词;表示达到很低的动词Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at、 bottom也可以做名词;表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/ witness/ see;表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at;表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组Account for/ represent / constitute / make up;表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B、C and D.注意和include 区别;表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/ predict / forecast;表示"分别"的副词Respectively—in the 2004 Olympics、China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively;表示"大约"的副词或者词组About、 around、 approximately、roughly、 just over、 just under;雅思大作文:people keep a balance in work and the part of time雅思大作文题目：Many people aim at trying to keep a balance in work and the part of time. What the problems in trying it. How to overcome it.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.作文范文：Coming with the modernization in major metropolises around the world, the life for young generation has been attached huge importance by the public, since the difficulty of how to balance life and work is increasingly significant.It is common to see that the time of keeping the light on is extended in many business skyscrapers, and the overtime work has become the routine of young people’s night life replacing hanging out with friends or lying on the couch to enjoy personal life. However, when considering the enormous amount of work, they have to sacrifice free time and give up the rest to guarantee that all things can be done on time, due to the huge pressure of earning money to support their life and the desire of promotion in the career, which are essential for pursuing a better life and showing the determination of providing individual value. Gradually, whether the ambitions can be achieved or not, the side effect that the health for such generation is affected negatively along the ignorance of relaxation would not be covered during their aging.Figuring out the solution of the dilemma mentioned above cannot wait anymore. Initially, the attitude towards what should be the top concern in the life needs to be switched, which means that workers must understand that fame and wealth are not the only evidence to prove oneself, while the inner happiness and satisfaction from the maintenance of the interpersonal relationships can be more meaningful. In terms of health condition, spending regular time on outdoor exercise and body check would be effective approach to monitor and prevent any serious diseases; besides the policy of holiday in the company should be implemented strictly under the supervision of authorities, which can supply the opportunity to ensure that employees have enough leisure time.In conclusion, there are many problems in front of the balanced life and work, but what can be done relies on the cooperation among different group, which is worth the endeavorfrom the whole society.雅思大作文：many things that children are taught at school are a waste of time雅思大作文题目：Some people claim that many things that children are taught at school are a waste of time. Other people argue that everything children study at school is useful at some time. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.作文范文：The utility of education received by today’s children has arisen a fierce discuss in the society, due to the increasing competition in the employment market for the graduates. In my opinion, national education as an essential part in one’s personal development can eventually be supportive in many walks of life.It is undeniable that students can lay a solid foundation by learning a range of theoretical knowledge like math, language and etc. during their school age, which is an effective way to accumulate knowledge and broaden their horizon; as a result, children’s potential could be explored and a clear perspective would be gained when they select major in later higher education. Besides the benefits of compulsory courses, school is regarded as a micro society to shape younger's personalities by conducting moral education, which also means that the campus provides an environment where the youth can socialize with each other to acquire some abilities about how to maintain and develop the relationship.However, the current education system is not flawless. To be specific, the public blame the high unemployment among undergraduates on the lack of practical knowledge in the overall university curriculum which attaches more importance on thescores and diploma rather than evaluating students’ real ability of solving problem and overcoming difficulties; consequently, the necessary experience in future working cannot be guaranteed by schools. The low competency leaves people an impression that the younger generation is not reliable.In conclusion, the drawbacks does not mean that the contribution of education can be ignored; what students get during both mental and intellectual growth can never be replaced by any other forms, while the system could operate better under appropriate adjustment.。

衰退英语短语

衰退英语短语在学习英语的过程中，我们需要掌握丰富而多样的词汇和短语，以便在交流中表达自己的意思准确而流利。

本文将介绍一些与衰退相关的英语短语，帮助您扩展词汇量并提高英语表达能力。

1. Go downhill：走下坡路，形容情况或状态变得更差或下降。

例句：Ever since the new manager took over, the company has been going downhill.2. On the decline：在下降中，表示数量、品质或价值逐渐减少。

例句：The sales of traditional newspapers have been on the decline due to the rise of digital media.3. Hit rock bottom：达到最低点，指情况或状态变得最糟糕。

例句：After losing his job, Jack hit rock bottom and struggled to get back on his feet.4. Decline in quality：质量下降，表示产品或服务的质量与过去相比有所下降。

例句：The decline in quality has led to a decrease in customer satisfaction.5. Economic downturn：经济衰退，指经济状态下滑，包括就业率下降和经济活动减弱等。

例句：During the economic downturn, many businesses were forced to close down.6. Face a downturn：面临下滑，表示遇到经济、行业或个人发展方面的困难。

例句：The company is facing a downturn and may need to lay off some employees.7. Slump in sales：销售下滑，表示产品或服务销售额显著减少。

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智课网IELTS备考资料
雅思写作词汇：各种“衰退”词汇的英语表达您当前的位置 » 智课教育官网 » 雅思 » 雅思词汇 » 文章正文
出国英语考试有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准托福阅读评分标准雅思和托福的区
别
下面智课教育小编为大家整理了各种“衰退”的英语表达，供考生们学习参考。

1.衰退：recession
Economists fear a similar wave of protectionism today could plunge the world back into recession.
经济学家担心类似的保护主义会使得世界经济再次衰退。

2.不景气：downturn
Heavy labor taxes are one reason why Europe entered the downturn with far higher unemployment than America.
高额的劳动力税是欧洲以比美国更高的失业率步入衰退的原因之一。

3.暴跌：meltdown
If 2008 was the year of the banking meltdown, then 2009 was the year of the stimulus packages.
如果2008年是银行彻底垮台的一年，那么2009年就是一篮子刺激政策的一年。

4.下挫：slump
This would return the economy into a slump.
这将使美国经济再次陷入衰退。

5.下滑：decline
Many Greeks believe they are caught up in a cycle of decline.
很多希腊人相信他们正处于一轮下降周期之中。

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