2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷1)
2014全国卷英语真题及答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语第I卷第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)例: How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15 答案是C。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第1节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .【21】 Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners.D. MIT artists.【22】 When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10thC. On March 15th.D. On April 21st.【23】What type of writing is this text?A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.【24】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. Were the largest population in the US【25】The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’_______.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution【26】What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make money.D. To protect crops.【27】 What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.CA typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子)and a chair .The whip get all of the attention , but it’s mostly for show .In reality , it’s the chair that does the important work .When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .When faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ? How often do you have something you want to achiever (e,g. lose weight , start a business , travel more ) –only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress ?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information .The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things , and so we take less action , make less progress , and stay the same when we could be improving .It doesn’t have to be that way .Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face , remember this :All you need to do is focus on one thing .You just need to get started .Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people .If you have somewhere you want to go , something youwant to accomplish , someone you want to become ….take immediate action .If you’re clear about where you want to go , the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way .【28】 Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skill .C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.【29】 In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrongthings.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to do somethingfor show.【30】What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3?A. TolerantB. DoubtfulC. RespectfulD. Supportive【31】When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to_____.A. wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them –have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not contentto simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.【32】Many scholars are making efforts to _____.A. promote global languages B . rescue the disappearing languages C.search for language communities D.set up languages research organizations.【33】What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Having first records of the languagesB.Writing books on languagesearchingC.Telling stories about language usersD.Linking with the native speakers 【34】What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural statics in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in BritainD.His personal experience in Nepal.【35】Which of the following best describe Turin’s Work?A. Write sell and donate.B.Record,repeat and reward.C.Collect,protect and reconnect.D.Design, experiment and report.第二节(共3小题,每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 (新课标Ⅰ卷) word版(含答案)、解析
试卷类型:B2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1页至10页,第Ⅱ卷11页至13页。
2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名,准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,搭载本试卷上无效。
4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,现将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。
1.What does the woman want to do ?A. Find a placeB. Buy a mapC.Get an address2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up a aunt3. Who might Mr Peterson be?A. new professorB.A department headC.A company director4. What does the man think of the book?A.Quite differentB.Very interestingC.Too simple5.What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.Clothes.C.News.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
(完整版)2014年高考英语全国卷1
绝密★启用前2014普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)英语使用地区:河南、山西、河北本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
共150分,共12页。
考试时间结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2. 选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
注:山西卷赋分不同,满分180分。
听力30分不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15.B. £9. 18.C. £9.15.答案是C 。
1. What does the woman want to do? A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman? A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be? A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book? A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2014高考语文全国1卷
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)语文试题本试题分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分。
共150分,考试时间150分钟。
第I卷(阅读题,共70分)甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分。
每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成l—3题。
从“莫言热”到“阅读热”,关键在“人为”鹿永建新华社16日播发《“莫言热”引发中国民众关注自身“阅读危机”》,提出一个很有意义的问题:“莫言热”对于推动中国人阅读能起多大作用?对此,莫言本人和一些专家的回答比较消极。
的确,如果只是顺其自然,目前正在兴头上的诸种“莫言热”都会过去:实体书店和网上书店一购而空的情况随着莫言小说大量印刷终会归于平淡;文化消费市场甚至资本市场不久就会另寻新的炒作题材,不会只在莫言一棵树上吊死;媒体也不会永远在山东高密莫言老家发掘“秘闻”。
莫言前去领诺贝尔文学奖是在12月份,等这个新的题材过后,“莫言热”可能就会过去。
阅读对个人而言可以修身养性,又是提升国民人文素养、加强文化传承、促进文化发展繁荣的有效途径。
2011年中国人均读书仅为4.3本,远低于韩国的11本,法国的20本,日本的40本以及以色列的60本,成为世界人均读书最少的国家之一。
靠莫言一人拉动国民阅读水平的提高,无异杯水车薪。
然而,笔者要指出的是,不管是全民体育运动,还是讲求公共卫生、不随手扔垃圾不随地吐痰,不论是诚信体系建设,还是国民道德素质提高,都是一个强大的民族和文明有序的社会必不可少的,但绝不可能自然而然地达到,只有长期推动方能见效。
推动全民阅读,也是如此。
当下,应当抓住多年少有、莫言得奖所带来的“阅读热”,想方设法,把这个“短热”转化成“长热”,把针对一个人的“快热”,转化成针对更多的作家作品、更宽广领域经典之作的“慢热”。
不管是政府、社会组织、学校和个人,都应当有所作为。
在网络信息触手可及的当下,严肃读物的阅读一定要变得十分方便才可能成为更多国民的休闲选项。
首先,政府要在公共图书馆的建设上长期坚持、不断完善。
2014年高考文科数学全国卷1(含详细答案)
数学试卷 第1页(共39页) 数学试卷 第2页(共39页) 数学试卷 第3页(共39页)绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)文科数学使用地区:河南、山西、河北注意事项:1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷1至2页,第Ⅱ卷3至6页.2.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置.3.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题上无效.4.考试结束后,将本试题和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合{|13}M x x =-<<,{|21}N x x =-<<,则M N = ( ) A .(2,1)- B .(1,1)- C .(1,3) D .(2,3)-2.若tan 0α>,则( )A . sin 0α>B .cos 0α>C . sin20α>D .cos20α> 3.设1i 1iz =++,则|z |=( )A .12B .22 C .32D .24.已知双曲线2221(0)3x y a a -=>的离心率为2,则a = ( )A .2B .62C .52D .1 5.设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是( )A .()f x ()g x 是偶函数B .|()|f x ()g x 是奇函数C .()f x |()|g x 是奇函数D .|()()|f x g x 是奇函数6.设D ,E ,F 分别为ABC △的三边BC ,CA ,AB 的中点,则EB FC += ( )A .ADB .12AD C .BCD .12BC 7.在函数①cos |2|y x =,②|cos |y x =,③πcos(2)6y x =+,④πtan(2)4y x =-中,最小正周期为π的所有函数为( )A .①②③B .①③④C .②④D .①③8.如图,网格纸的各小格都是正方形,粗实线画出的是一个几何体的三视图,则这个几何体是( )A .三棱锥B .三棱柱C .四棱锥D .四棱柱 9.执行如图的程序框图,若输入的a ,b ,k 分别为1,2,3.则输出的M =( )A .203B .72C .165D .15810.已知抛物线C :2y x =的焦点为F ,00(,)A x y 是C 上一点,05||4AF x =,则0x = ( )A .1B .2C .4D .811.设x ,y 满足约束条件,1,x y a x y +⎧⎨--⎩≥≤且z x ay =+的最小值为7,则a =( )A .5-B .3C .5-或3D .5或3-12.已知函数32()31f x ax x =-+,若()f x 存在唯一的零点0x ,且00x >,则a 的取值范围是( )A .(2,)+∞B .(1,)+∞C .(,2)-∞-D .(,1)-∞-第Ⅱ卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22题~第24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.将2本不同的数学书和1本语文书在书架上随机排成一行,则2本数学书相邻的概率为 .14.甲、乙、丙三位同学被问到是否去过A ,B ,C 三个城市时,甲说:我去过的城市比乙多,但没去过B 城市;乙说:我没去过C 城市;丙说:我们三人去过同一城市. 由此可判断乙去过的城市为 .15.设函数113e ,1,(),1,x x f x x x -⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩<≥则使得()2f x ≤成立的x 的取值范围是 .16.如图,为测量山高MN ,选择A 和另一座山的山顶C 为测量观测点.从A 点测得M 点的仰角60MAN ∠=,C 点的仰角45CAB ∠=以及75MAC ∠=;从C 点测得60MCA ∠=.已知山高100BC = m ,则山高MN = m .三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知{}n a 是递增的等差数列,2a ,4a 是方程2560x x -+=的根. (Ⅰ)求{}n a 的通项公式; (Ⅱ)求数列{}2nn a 的前n 项和.姓名________________ 准考证号_____________-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------数学试卷 第4页(共39页) 数学试卷 第5页(共39页) 数学试卷 第6页(共39页)18.(本小题满分12分)从某企业生产的某种产品中抽取100件,测量这些产品的一项质量指标值,由测量结(Ⅰ)在答题卡上作出这些数据的频率分布直方图:(Ⅱ)估计这种产品质量指标值的平均数及方差(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表);(Ⅲ)根据以上抽样调查数据,能否认为该企业生产的这种产品符合“质量指标值不低于95的产品至少要占全部产品的80%”的规定?19.(本小题满分12分)如图,三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,侧面11BB C C 为菱形,1B C 的中点为O ,且AO ⊥平面11BB C C .(Ⅰ)证明:1B C AB ⊥;(Ⅱ)若1AC AB ⊥,160CBB ∠=,1BC =,求三棱柱111ABC A B C -的高.20.(本小题满分12分)已知点(2,2)P ,圆C :2280x y y +-=,过点P 的动直线l 与圆C 交于A ,B 两点,线段AB 的中点为M ,O 为坐标原点. (Ⅰ)求M 的轨迹方程;(Ⅱ)当||||OP OM =时,求l 的方程及POM △的面积.21.(本小题满分12分)设函数21()ln (1)2a f x a x x bx a -=+-≠,曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线斜率为0.(Ⅰ)求b ;(Ⅱ)若存在01x ≥,使得0()1af x a <-,求a 的取值范围.请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答.注意:只能做所选定的题目.如果多做,则按所做的第一个题目计分,作答时请用2B 铅笔在答题卡上将所选题号后的方框涂黑. 22.(本小题满分10分)选修4—1:几何证明选讲如图,四边形ABCD 是O 的内接四边形,AB 的延长线与DC 的延长线交于点E ,且CB CE =.(Ⅰ)证明:D E ∠=∠;(Ⅱ)设AD 不是O 的直径,AD 的中点为M ,且MB MC =,证明:ADE △为等边三角形.23.(本小题满分10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程已知曲线C :22149x y +=,直线l :2,22,x t y t =+⎧⎨=-⎩(t 为参数). (Ⅰ)写出曲线C 的参数方程,直线l 的普通方程;(Ⅱ)过曲线C上任意一点P 作与l 夹角为30的直线,交l 于点A ,求||PA 的最大值与最小值.24.(本小题满分10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲若0a >,0b >,且11a b+=(Ⅰ)求33a b +的最小值;(Ⅱ)是否存在a ,b ,使得236a b +=?并说明理由.3 / 132014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)文科数学答案解析第Ⅰ卷一、选择题 1.【答案】B【解析】根据集合的运算法则可得:{|11}MN x x =-<<,即选B .【提示】集合的运算用数轴或者Venn 图可直接计算。
2014年全国一卷语文试题含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国大纲卷)语文试题第Ⅰ卷一、(12分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是(B)A.龃龉.(yǔ) 系.鞋带(xi) 舐.犊情深(shi) 曲.意逢迎(qū)B.倜傥.(tǎng) 纤.维素(xiān) 羽扇纶.巾(guān ) 针砭.时弊(biān)C.感喟.(kuì) 揭疮.疤(chuāng) 按捺.不住(nài) 大相径.庭(jing)D.霰.弹(xiàn ) 涮.羊肉(shuàn) 以儆.效尤(jǐng) 纵横捭.阖必(bì)2.下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是(A)A.在评价某些历史人物时,我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定....,,还应该特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。
B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的,本来说存一年,结果朋友一直没回来,这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍....了十年。
C.最美的是小镇的春天,草长莺飞,风声鹤唳....,走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源,来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引。
D.这个剧院的大型话剧、歌剧等演出票价不菲,让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止....,无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐。
3.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是答:DA.有的人看够了城市的繁华,喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩,但这是有风险的,近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。
B.他家离铁路不远,小时候常常去看火车玩儿,火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时,他就很兴奋,觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。
C.新“旅游法”的颁布实施,让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题,不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛。
D.哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后,哈尔滨至北京、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间,为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。
4.依次填人下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是答:C信息时代给人们带来了一种新的极其便捷的阅读方式,那就是网络阅读。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国1卷英语试题与参考答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)英语试题一. 听力第一节:(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the two speakers doing at the moment?A. Drinking coffeeB. Doing the shoppingC. Seeing the doctor2. What does the man mean?A. It‟s easy to forget the keyB. People often make the same mistakesC. He takes the key out of the room3. How long will the man have to wait for the next bus?A .25 minutes B. 20 minutes C .15 minutes4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A .In the car B. On the bus C. Outside the lift5. Why is the man so excited?A. He has got marriedB. He has moved into a new houseC. His small cold house has been sold第二节:(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8小题6 .When did the two speakers meet last?A. Five years agoB. Three years agoC. Two years ago7. Why does the woman stay here?A. She wants to accompany her familyB .She has to work tomorrow.C .She c an‟t afford the plane ticket8. Where will the two speakers go?A . To the cinema B. To the concert hall C To. the restaurant听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题9. What does the man think of his trip?A. ProductiveB. ComfortableC. Time-saving10. Why did the man go to Frankfurt?A. To attend a trade fairB. To attend a meetingC. To make a speech11. Which country does the woman mention in the conversation?A. AmericaB. Britain C .Germany听下面一段独白,回答第12至第15小题。
2014高考新课标1全国卷英语试题和答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项:1. 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
第I卷1至10页,第II 卷11至13页。
2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分,不计入总分,考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2014年全国卷I完形填空精解与参考译文
1.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷I)完形填空精解及参考译文今年全国卷完形填空与去年文体风格相近,一改前几年的高考完形填空均属夹叙夹议,小故事,大道理型的文章,变为一篇介绍人的兴趣和关注度会随着时间推移而变化的说明文。
试题覆盖面广,但以实词的考查为主,其中名词题9道,动词4道,形容词4道,副词3道。
今年完形填空的题项设计更科学,更强调语篇分析和理解的连贯性。
材料中没有较多生词障碍,总体上难度与去年持平。
文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。
第一句是论点:通常来说,各种形式的活动如果按常规去做都会导致厌倦。
然后从孩子,到学生,再到成年人,每个阶段都举例说明。
读完文章之后,你会感觉确实如此。
因为写的是每个人身上可能发生的事,所以用常识判断的地方较多,所举的例子结构差不多,都是从喜欢到厌倦,抓住这个宗旨,文章还是比较简单的。
[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。
文章主要讲述了各种活动一旦成为我们日常生活的一部分,无论哪个年龄阶段的人都会感到无聊。
41 .考点】本题考查语篇理解中的前位照应”。
答案】B解析】作者在文章的开头的第一句话告诉我们 : As a general rule , all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis(作为一般规律,无论何种形式的活动一旦作为常规反复出现都会导致无聊)”。
接着作者用41空指这一规律在日常工作中也会出现,四个选项中与上文“ule "相近的词只有principle(原则,法则)”,故本题正确答案应选B。
41 . A根据上文的As a general rule 可知各种活动一旦成为我们日常生活的一部分,无论哪个年龄阶段的人都会感到无聊,这是一种法则,故选A项。
A:原理,原则;B:习惯;C:方式,方法;D:能力,权力。
42 •考点】本题考查语篇理解中的综合照应”。
2014年高考全国卷1新课标1语文试卷及答案解析Word
(新课标卷Ⅰ)2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷及答案第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读I 9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成l~3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极,却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看”。
这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但普罗米修斯毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷1(正文)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅰ)理数本卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合A={x|x2-2x-3≥0},B={x|-2≤x<2},则A∩B=()A.[-2,-1]B.[-1,2)C.[-1,1]D.[1,2)2.(1+i)3(1-i)2=( )A.1+iB.1-iC.-1+iD.-1-i3.设函数f(x),g(x)的定义域都为R,且f(x)是奇函数,g(x)是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是( )A.f(x)g(x)是偶函数B.|f(x)|g(x)是奇函数C.f(x)|g(x)|是奇函数D.|f(x)g(x)|是奇函数4.已知F为双曲线C:x2-my2=3m(m>0)的一个焦点,则点F到C的一条渐近线的距离为( )A.√3B.3C.√3mD.3m5.4位同学各自在周六、周日两天中任选一天参加公益活动,则周六、周日都有同学参加公益活动的概率为( )A.18B.38C.58D.786.如图,圆O的半径为1,A是圆上的定点,P是圆上的动点,角x的始边为射线OA,终边为射线OP,过点P作直线OA的垂线,垂足为M,将点M到直线OP的距离表示成x的函数f(x),则y=f(x)在[0,π]上的图象大致为( )7.执行下面的程序框图,若输入的a,b,k分别为1,2,3,则输出的M=( )A.203B.72C.165D.1588.设α∈(0,π2),β∈(0,π2),且tan α=1+sinβcosβ,则( ) A.3α-β=π2B.3α+β=π2C.2α-β=π2D.2α+β=π29.不等式组{x +y ≥1,x -2y ≤4的解集记为D.有下面四个命题:p 1:∀(x,y)∈D,x+2y≥-2, p 2:∃(x,y)∈D,x+2y≥2, p 3:∀(x,y)∈D,x+2y≤3,p 4:∃(x,y)∈D,x+2y≤-1.其中的真命题是( ) A.p 2,p 3B.p 1,p 2C.p 1,p 4D.p 1,p 310.已知抛物线C:y 2=8x 的焦点为F,准线为l,P 是l 上一点,Q 是直线PF 与C 的一个交点.若FP ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =4FQ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,则|QF|=( ) A.72B.3C.52D.211.已知函数f(x)=ax 3-3x 2+1,若f(x)存在唯一的零点x 0,且x 0>0,则a 的取值范围是( ) A.(2,+∞)B.(1,+∞)C.(-∞,-2)D.(-∞,-1)12.如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的各条棱中,最长的棱的长度为( )A.6√2B.6C.4√2D.4第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分)本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22题~第24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答. 二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.(x-y)(x+y)8的展开式中x 2y 7的系数为 .(用数字填写答案) 14.甲、乙、丙三位同学被问到是否去过A,B,C 三个城市时, 甲说:我去过的城市比乙多,但没去过B 城市; 乙说:我没去过C 城市; 丙说:我们三人去过同一城市.由此可判断乙去过的城市为 .15.已知A,B,C 为圆O 上的三点,若AO⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =12(AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ),则AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 与AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 的夹角为 . 16.已知a,b,c 分别为△ABC 三个内角A,B,C 的对边,a=2,且(2+b)(sin A-sin B)=(c-b)sin C,则△ABC 面积的最大值为 .三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,a 1=1,a n ≠0,a n a n+1=λS n -1,其中λ为常数. (Ⅰ)证明:a n+2-a n =λ;(Ⅱ)是否存在λ,使得{a n }为等差数列?并说明理由.18.(本小题满分12分)从某企业生产的某种产品中抽取500件,测量这些产品的一项质量指标值,由测量结果得如下频率分布直方图:(Ⅰ)求这500件产品质量指标值的样本平均数x和样本方差s2(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表);(Ⅱ)由直方图可以认为,这种产品的质量指标值Z服从正态分布N(μ,σ2),其中μ近似为样本平均数x,σ2近似为样本方差s2.(i)利用该正态分布,求P(187.8<Z<212.2);(ii)某用户从该企业购买了100件这种产品,记X表示这100件产品中质量指标值位于区间(187.8,212.2)的产品件数.利用(i)的结果,求EX.附:√150≈12.2.若Z~N(μ,σ2),则P(μ-σ<Z< μ+σ)=0.682 6,P(μ-2σ<Z< μ+2σ)=0.954 4.19.(本小题满分12分)如图,三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中,侧面BB1C1C为菱形,AB⊥B1C.(Ⅰ)证明:AC=AB1;(Ⅱ)若AC⊥AB1,∠CBB1=60°,AB=BC,求二面角A-A1B1-C1的余弦值.20.(本小题满分12分)已知点A(0,-2),椭圆E:x 2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)的离心率为√32,F是椭圆E的右焦点,直线AF的斜率为2√33,O为坐标原点.(Ⅰ)求E的方程;(Ⅱ)设过点A的动直线l与E相交于P,Q两点.当△OPQ的面积最大时,求l的方程.21.(本小题满分12分)设函数f(x)=ae x ln x+be x-1x,曲线y=f(x)在点(1, f(1))处的切线方程为y=e(x-1)+2. (Ⅰ)求a,b;(Ⅱ)证明:f(x)>1.请考生从第22、23、24题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.作答时请写清题号.22.(本小题满分10分)选修4—1:几何证明选讲如图,四边形ABCD是☉O的内接四边形,AB的延长线与DC的延长线交于点E,且CB=CE. (Ⅰ)证明:∠D=∠E;(Ⅱ)设AD不是☉O的直径,AD的中点为M,且MB=MC,证明:△ADE为等边三角形.23.(本小题满分10分)选修4—4:坐标系与参数方程已知曲线C:x 24+y29=1,直线l:{x=2+t,y=2-2t(t为参数).(Ⅰ)写出曲线C的参数方程,直线l的普通方程;(Ⅱ)过曲线C上任意一点P作与l夹角为30°的直线,交l于点A,求|PA|的最大值与最小值.24.(本小题满分10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲若a>0,b>0,且1a +1b=√ab.(Ⅰ)求a3+b3的最小值;(Ⅱ)是否存在a,b,使得2a+3b=6?并说明理由.。
2014年全国卷1 英语试卷以及答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍.1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?A. He has a pain in his knee.B. He wants to watch TV.C. He is too lazy.7. What will the woman probably do next?A. Stay at home.B. Take Harry to hospital.C. Do some exercise.听第7段材料,回答第8 、9题。
2014年高考全国卷1 语文真题及 答案详解(Word)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必做题一、现代文阅读I 9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成l~3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极,却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看”。
这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但普罗米修斯毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
悲剧成为审美对象只能以文学艺术的形式出现,原因在于它需要建立悲剧事件与人的心理距离。
2014年高考理综全国卷1(含详细答案)
8.化学与社会、生活密切相关。对下列现象或事实的解释正确的是()
选项
现象或事实
解释
A
用热的烧碱溶液洗去油污
可直接与油污反应
B
漂白粉在空气中久置变质
漂白粉中的 与空气中的 反应生成
C
施肥时,草木灰(有效成分为 )不能与 混合使用
与 反应生成氨气会降低肥效
D
溶液可用于铜质印刷线路板制作
A.点电荷 一定在MP的连线上
B.连接PF的线段一定在同一等势面上
C.将正试探电荷从 点搬运到N点,电场力做负功 NhomakorabeaD. 大于
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共174分)
三、非选择题(包括必考题和选考题两部分,第22~第32题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须做答。第33~第40题为选考题,考生根据要求做答)
(一)必考题(共129分)
A.原子最外层电子数:X>Y>Z
B.单质沸点:X>Y>Z
C.离子半径:
D.原子序数:X>Y>Z
11.溴酸银( )溶解度随温度变化曲线如图所示,下列说法错误的是()
A.溴酸银的溶解是放热过程
B.温度升高时溴酸银溶解速度加快
C. 60 时溴酸银的 约等于
D.若硝酸钾中含有少量溴酸银,可用重结晶方法提纯
12.下列有关仪器使用方法或实验操作正确的是()
R/Ω
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
I/A
0.143
0.125
①
0.100
0.091
0.084
0.077
6.99
8.00
②
10.0
11.0
2014年高考全国卷1文综试题及答案(word版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)文综太阳能光热电站(图1)通过数以十万计的反光版聚焦太阳能,给高塔顶端的锅炉加热,产生蒸汽,驱动发电机发电。
据此完成1—3题.1.我国下列地区中,资源条件最适宜建太阳能光热电站的是:A。
柴达木盆地 B。
黄土高原 C。
山东半岛 D。
东南丘陵2。
太阳能光热电站可能会:A.提升地表温度B.干扰飞机电子导航C.误伤途径飞鸟 D。
提高作物产量3.若在北回归线上建一太阳能光热电站,其高塔正午影长于塔高的比值为P,则A。
春、秋分日P=0 B。
夏至日P>0 C。
全年日P〈1 D。
冬至日P〉120世纪50年代,在外国专家的指导下,我国修建了兰新铁路。
兰新铁路在新疆吐鲁番附近的线路如图2所示。
读图2,完成4-6题。
4、推测外国专家在图示区域铁路选线时考虑的主导因素是A、河流B、聚落 C耕地 D地形5、后来,我国专家认为,兰新铁路在该区域的选线不合理,理由可能是A、线路过长 B距城镇过远C、易受洪水威胁D、工程量过大6、50多年来,兰新铁路并没有改变该区域城镇的分布,是因为该区域的城镇分布受控于A、地形分布B、绿洲分布C、河流分布 D沙漠分布人类活动导致大气中含氮化合物浓度增加,产生沉降,是新出现的令人担忧的全球变化问题.一科研小组选择受人类干扰较小的某地,实验模拟大气氮沉降初期对植被的影响。
实验地植被以灌木植物为主,伴生多年生草本植物。
表1数据为实验地以2009年为基数,2010—2013年实验中植被的变化值(测量时间为每年9月30日).据此完成7-9题.7、实验期间植被变化表现为①生物量提高②生物量降低③植株密度改变④植被分布改变A、①③B、②③C、①④D、②④8、实验期间大气氮沉降导致灌木、草本两类植物出现此消彼长竞争的是A植株数量 B、总生物量 C、地上生物量 D、地下生物量9.根据实验结果推测,随着大气氮沉降的持续,植被未来变化趋势是A.灌木植物和草本植物繁茂 B. 灌木植物和草本植物萎缩C.灌木植物茂盛、草本植物萎缩 D.灌木植物萎缩、草本植物茂盛图3显示某国移民人数及其占总人口比例的变化。
2014年全国高考英语全国卷
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第1节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)选出最佳选项。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part willbe included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .1. Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSFwinners. D. MIT artists.2. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10thC. On March15th.. D. On April 21st.3. What type of writing is this text?A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United Statesin unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.4. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. Were the largest population in the US5. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution6. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make moneyD. To protect crops.7. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.CA typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子)and a chair .The whip get all of the attention ,but it’s mostly for show .In reality , it’s the chair that does the important work .When a lion tamer h olds a chair in front of the lion’s face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .With its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsureabout what to do next .When faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ? How often do you have something you want to achiever (e,g. lose weight , start a business , travel more ) –only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress ?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information .The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things , and so we take less action , make less progress , and stay the same when we could be improving .It doesn’t have to be that way .Anytime you f ind the world waving a chair in your face , remember this :All you need to do is focus on one thing .You just need to get started .Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people .If you have somewhere you want to go , something you want to accomplish , someone you want tobecome ….take immediate action .If you’re clear about where you want to go , the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way .8. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skill .C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.9. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to do something for show.10. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3?A. TolerantB. DoubtfulC.Respectful D. Supportive11. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to_____.A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them –have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammarof Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers andTheir Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a startingpoint for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oraltraditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project- Turin hasstarted a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.12. Many scholars are making efforts to _____.A.promote global languagesB.rescue the disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.up languages research organizations.13. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Having first records of the languagesB.Writing books on language searchingC.Telling stories about language usersD.Linking with the native speakers14. What is Turin’s book based on?A.The cultural statics in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in Britain.D.His personal experience in Nepal.15. Which of the following best describe Turin’s Work?A.Write sell anddonate . B.Record,repeat and reward.C.Collect,protect and reconnect.D.Design, experiment and report.第二节(共3小题,每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年新课标全国语文1卷试题及答案
8.词上半阕的景物描写对全词的感情抒发起了什么作用?请结合内容分析。(5分)
9.末尾两句表现了词中人物什么样的情绪?是如何表现的?请简要阐述。(6分)
(三)名篇名句默写(6分)
10.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。(6分)
(1)屈原在《离骚》中表现自己同情百姓的苦难生活,并因此流泪叹息的名句是
不释卷, 以至于终。 大历七年卒, 年八十一。 是岁春, 休烈妻韦氏卒。 上特诏赠韦氏国夫人,葬日给卤簿鼓吹。及闻休烈卒,追悼久之,褒赠尚书左仆射,赙绢百匹、布五十端,遣谒者内常侍吴承倩就私第宣慰。儒者之荣,少有其比。
(节选自《旧唐书〃于休烈传》)
4.对下列句子中加点的词语的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)()
7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)
(1)禹、汤罪己,其兴也勃焉。有德之君,不忘规过,臣不胜大庆。
(2)而亲贤下士,推毂后进,虽位崇年高,曾无倦色。
(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)
阅读下面这首宋词,完成8~9题。
阮郎归无名氏①
春风吹雨绕残枝,落花无可飞。小池寒渌欲生漪,雨晴还日西。
帘半卷,燕双归。讳愁无奈眉②。翻身整顿着残棋,沉吟应劫迟③。
C.当悲剧以文学艺术的形式出现,悲剧事件与观众或读者之间就会具有一定的心理距离,
这样人们就不至于获得悲剧感,从而不至于介入悲剧冲突之中。
D.悲剧主体的死亡意味着肉体力量的失败,却并不意味精神力量的失败,所以说悲剧在表
现伟大和崇高的人被摧毁的同时,更表现出人的无法摧毁的伟大和崇高。
3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是(3分)()
“我是请长假的。我妈病了。”
“唔!⋯,”
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)1
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科数学注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置。
2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号标黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束,将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合{}{}1,2,3,4,5,1,2,u U A A ===集合则ð A .{}1,2 B .{}3,4,5 C .{}1,2,3,4,5D .∅2.复数21ii++ (i 为虚数单位)在复平面上对应的点位于 A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象限 D .第四象限3.已知a 是第二象限角,5sin ,cos 13a a ==则A .1213-B .513- C .513 D .12134.若变量y x ,满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≥≤+012y x y x ,则y x z +=2的最大值和最小值分别为A .4和3B .4和2C .3和2D .2和05.某三棱锥的三视图如右图所示,则该三棱锥的体积是A .16B .13C .23D .1(第5题图)6.双曲线122=-y x 的顶点到其渐近线的距离等于A .21 B .22 C .1 D .27.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入n 的值为3,则输出s 的值是A .1B .2C .4D .78.设△ABC 的内角A , B , C 所对的边分别为a , b , c , 若cos cos sin b C c B a A +=, 则△ABC 的形状为A .直角三角形B .锐角三角形C .钝角三角形D .不确定9.设F 1、F 2是椭圆E :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的左、右焦点,P 为直线x =3a2上一点,△F 1PF 2是底角为30°的等腰三角形,则E 的离心率为(A )12 (B )23 (C )34 (D )45 10.已知向量()()()()1,1,2,2,,=m n m n m n λλλ=+=++⊥-若则A .4-B .3-C .-2D .-111.函数)1ln()(2+=x x f 的图象大致是A .B .C .D .侧视图正视图图 112已知函数()y f x =的周期为2,当[1,1]x ∈-时2()f x x =,那么函数()y f x =的图象与函数|lg |y x =的图象的交点共有A .10个B .9个C .8个D .1个第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共90分)二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分,把答案填在题中横线上. 13.若2、a 、b 、c 、10成等差数列,则c a -=____________14圆心在原点上与直线20x y +-=相切的圆的方程为15.从三男三女6名学生中任选2名(每名同学被选中的机会相等),则2名都是女同学的概率等于_________. 16.已知正四棱锥O-ABCD 的体积为,底面边长为,则以O 为球心,OA 为半径的球的表面积为________.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤. 17.(本小题满分12分)已知数列{n a }的前n 项和为S n ,且S n =22n n +,n ∈N + (1)求数列{n a }的通项公式;(2)已知数列{b n }的通项公式为2n n b =,n n n c a b =,求数列{n c }的前n 项和T n .18.(本小题满分12分) 某校从高一年级学生中随机抽取50名学生,将他们的期中考试数学成绩(满分100分,成绩均为不低于40分的整数)分成六段:[)[)[]40,50,50,60,,90,100⋅⋅⋅,得到如图所示的频率分布直方图.(1)若该校高一年级共有学生1000人,试估计成绩不低于60分的人数;(2)为了帮助学生提高数学成绩,学校决定在随机抽取的50名学生中成立“二帮一”小组,即从成绩[]90,100中选两位同学,共同帮助[)40,50中的某一位同学.已知甲同学的成绩为42分,乙同学的成绩为95分,求甲、乙恰好被安排在同一小组的概率.19.(本小题满分12分)已知正三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,2AB =,1AA =D 为AC 的中点,E 点在线段1AA 上(1)当1:1:2AE EA =时,求证1DE BC ⊥;(2)当E 点为1AA 的中点时,求三棱锥1B C DE -的体积.20.(本小题满分12分)椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的左、右焦点分别为1(0)F c -,,2(0)F c ,.已知M 在椭圆上,且点M 到两焦点距离之和为4. (1)求椭圆的方程;(2)设与MO (O 为坐标原点)垂直的直线l 交椭圆于,A B (,A B 不重合)两点,且直线l 与x 轴相交于点(1,0)N -,求OB OA ⋅的值.21.(本小题满分12分)已知函数2()(1)x f x ax x e =+-,其中e 是自然对数的底数,a R ∈.(1)若1=a ,求曲线)(x f 在点))1(,1(f 处的切线方程; (2)若021<<-a ,求()f x 的单调区间.请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.作答时请写清题号. 22.(本小题满分10分)【选修4-1:几何证明选讲】23.(本小题满分10分)【选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程】已知曲线4cos (t )3sin tt -+⎧⎨+⎩为参数 28cos :(3sin x C y θθθ=⎧⎨=⎩为参数).(1)把12,C C 的参数方程化为普通方程;(2)求1C 上的动点M 到直线32(2x tt y t =+⎧⎨=-+⎩为参数)距离的最小值.24.(本小题满分10分)【选修4-5:不等式选讲】。
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2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国1卷)
一.选择题:共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
1.已知集合A={x |2230x x --≥},B={}
22x x -≤<,则A B ⋂=( ) A .[-2,-1] B .[-1,2) C .[-1,1] D .[1,2) 2.3
2(1)(1)
i i +-=( ) A .1i + B .1i - C .1i -+ D .1i --
3.设函数()f x ,()g x 的定义域都为R ,且()f x 是奇函数,()g x 是偶函数,则下列结论正确的是( ) A .()f x ()g x 是偶函数 B .|()f x |()g x 是奇函数
C .()f x |()g x |是奇函数
D .|()f x ()g x |是奇函数
4.已知F 是双曲线C :22
3(0)x my m m -=>的一个焦点,则点F 到C 的一条渐近线的距离为( ) A .3 B .3 C .3m D .3m
5.4位同学各自在周六、周日两天中任选一天参加公益活动,则周六、周日都有同学参加公益活动的概率为( )
A .1
8 B .38 C .58 D .78
6.如图,圆O 的半径为1,A 是圆上的定点,P 是圆上的动点,角x 的始边为射线OA ,
终边为射线OP ,过点P 作直线OA 的垂线,垂足为M ,将点M 到直线OP 的距
离表示为x 的函数()f x ,则y =()f x 在[0,π]上的图像大致为( )
7.执行下图的程序框图,若输入的,,a b k 分别为1,2,3,则输出的M =( )
A .
203 B .165 C .72 D .158
8.设(0,)2πα∈,(0,)2πβ∈,且1sin tan cos βαβ
+=,则( ) A .32παβ-=
B .22παβ-=
C .32παβ+=
D .22παβ+= 9.不等式组124x y x y +≥⎧⎨-≤⎩
的解集记为D .有下面四个命题: 1p :(,),22x y D x y ∀∈+≥-,2p :(,),22x y D x y ∃∈+≥,
3P :(,),23x y D x y ∀∈+≤,4p :(,),21x y D x y ∃∈+≤-.
其中真命题是( )
A .2p ,3P
B .1p ,4p
C .1p ,2p
D .1p ,3P
10.已知抛物线C :28y x =的焦点为F ,准线为l ,P 是l 上一点,Q 是直线
PF 与C 的一个交点,若4FP FQ =
,则||QF =( ) A .72 B .52
C .3
D .2 11.已知函数()f x =32
31ax x -+,若()f x 存在唯一的零点0x ,且0x >0,则a 的取值范围为( ) A .(2,+∞) B .(-∞,-2) C .(1,+∞) D .(-∞,-1)
12.如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图,
则该多面体的个条棱中,最长的棱的长度为( )
A .62
B .42
C .6
D .4
二.填空题:本大题共四小题,每小题5分。
13.8()()x y x y -+的展开式中22
x y 的系数为 .(用数字填写答案)
14.甲、乙、丙三位同学被问到是否去过A ,B ,C 三个城市时,
甲说:我去过的城市比乙多,但没去过B 城市;
乙说:我没去过C 城市;
丙说:我们三人去过同一个城市.
由此可判断乙去过的城市为 .
15.已知A ,B ,C 是圆O 上的三点,若1()2
AO AB AC =+ ,则AB 与AC 的夹角为 . 16.已知,,a b c 分别为ABC ∆的三个内角,,A B C 的对边,a =2,且(2)(sin sin )()sin b A B c b C +-=-,则ABC ∆面积的最大值为 .
三.解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。
17.(本小题满分12分)已知数列{n a }的前n 项和为n S ,1a =1,0n a ≠,11n n n a a S λ+=-,其中λ为常数. (Ⅰ)证明:2n n a a λ+-=;
(Ⅱ)是否存在λ,使得{n a }为等差数列?并说明理由.
18. (本小题满分12分)从某企业的某种产品中抽取500件,测量这些产品的一项质量指标值,由测量结果得如下频率分布直方图:
(Ⅰ)求这500件产品质量指标值的样本平均数x 和样本方差2
s (同一组数据用该区
间的中点值作代表);
(Ⅱ)由频率分布直方图可以认为,这种
产品的质量指标值Z 服从正态分布2(,)N μδ,其中μ近似为样本平均数x ,
2δ近似为样本方差2s .
(i)利用该正态分布,求(187.8212.2)P Z <<;
(ii )某用户从该企业购买了100件这种产品,记X 表示这100件产品中质量指标值为于区间(187.8,212.2)的产品件数,利用(i )的结果,求EX . 附:150≈12.2.
若Z ~2(,)N μδ,则()P Z μδμδ-<<+=0.6826,(22)P Z μδμδ-<<+=0.9544.
19. (本小题满分12分)如图三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,侧面11BB C C 为菱形,1AB B C ⊥. (Ⅰ) 证明:
1AC AB =;
(Ⅱ)若1AC AB ⊥,o 160CBB ∠=,AB=BC
求二面角111A A B C --的余弦值.
20. (本小题满分12分) 已知点A (0,-2),椭圆E :22221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的离心率为32
,F 是椭圆的焦点,直线AF 的斜率为
233
,O 为坐标原点. (Ⅰ)求E 的方程;
(Ⅱ)设过点A 的直线l 与E 相交于,P Q 两点,当OPQ ∆的面积最大时,求l 的方程.
21. (本小题满分12分)设函数1
(0ln x x
be f x ae x x -=+,曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1)f 处的切线为(1)2y e x =-+. (Ⅰ)求,a b ; (Ⅱ)证明:()1f x >.。